board meeting agenda - edl€¦ · executive session if needed / to be determined 5:00 p.m. –...

Arco Iris Spanish Immersion Charter School, along with the Beaverton School District, recognizes the diversity and worth of all individuals and groups. It is the policy of the Beaverton School District that there will be no discrimination or harassment of individuals or groups based on race,

color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, marital status, age, veterans' status, genetic information or disability in any educational programs, activities or employment.

13600 SW Allen Blvd Beaverton, OR 97005

Board Meeting Agenda

November 19, 2015 Regular Meeting Welcome 6:00 pm Jeffery

• Opening Comments Public Comment 6:05 pm Jeffery Board Business 6:10 pm

• Approval of Minutes (October) Velázquez • Treasurer’s Report Mullany

Principal’s Report 6:20 pm Miles

• Monthly Update • Servers

Parent Report

• PTO 6:30 pm King New Business 6:40 pm

• Nominating Committee Jeffery • Emeritus Review Jeffery

Board Updates 6:50 pm

• Site Search Team Watkins/Nelles • Development Workgroup Aguilar/Velázquez • Website Aguilar • Charter Renewal Committee Ticas/Castillo • Board Training Report Velázquez

Closing Comments and Action Items 7:55 pm Velázquez Approval of Minutes (November) 8:00 pm Velázquez Adjourn

Standard Meetings Schedule Function Date Time Location

Executive Session If Needed / To Be Determined 5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. Arco Iris School School Board 3rd Thursday of the Month 6:00 p.m.– 8:00 p.m. Arco Iris School

School Finance Committee 2nd Wednesday of the Month 6:00 p.m. – 7:00 p.m. Arco Iris School Parent Teacher Organization 2nd Friday of the Month 8.30 a.m. Arco Iris School Charter Renewal Committee As Needed As Needed Arco Iris School

The meeting times and locations listed above are generally when and where these events are held. If a change in time or venue occurs, notice will

usually be made through the usual channels of communication such as the website, Facebook, the blog, and / or e-mails.

Arco Iris Board Meeting Principal’s Update November 19, 2015

Attendance Grade Enrolled as of

11/13 Total Waitlisted

1 54 41

2 51 19

3 50 21

4 47 4

5 26 6

6 20 0

7/8 13 0

Total 261 92

Professional Development

❏ Immersion teachers in grades 15 visited a Beaverton School District TwoWay Immersion school to observe. Their takeaways will be shared at the next professional development day, 11/23.

❏ All teachers met with principal to set and discuss student and professional growth goals for the year using assessment data. Teachers also completed a 5D+ Teacher SelfEvaluation Rubric.

❏ Some staff participated in a restorative justice community circle guiding students through a mediation process of making things right when someone feels wronged.

❏ Staff Book Club Meeting was 11/18. Half the staff attended to discuss and share our learning about Teaching for Biliteracy: Strengthening Bridges between Languages by Karen Beeman & Cheryl Urow.

Curriculum ❏ Teachers received the IRLA (English) and ENIL (Spanish) (Independent Reading Level

Assessment) instructional materials. Spanish leveled book boxes are in classrooms. Staffing Update

❏ Maestra Tijerina’s last day was 11/13. There will be a new first grade teacher starting December 7, 2015. Until that time, there will be a qualified substitute in the classroom for

10 days. The other first grade teacher and the principal will be working closely with the substitute to ensure continued quality instruction.

Maestra Rodriguez Bio: Maestra Wilma Rodriguez Fourquet is from Ponce, a town in southern Puerto Rico. She has over ten years of experience as a teacher in which she has received two teacher licenses: one from the Department of Education of Puerto Rico and the other a provisional teacher license from Texas, USA. Maestra Fourquet holds a Bachelor’s degree in General Elementary Education Kindergarten to 6th Grade with a minor in Preschool from the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Ponce Campus. She has taken Master’s degree courses in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) from El Turabo University of Puerto Rico, Orlando, FL Campus and Bilingual Education from Southern Methodist University (SMU), Dallas, Texas. As part of her professional growth, Maestra Rodriguez has obtained several certificates and attended workshops. She was an active member of her school and participated in committees such as Activities Committee working on La Puertorriquenidad Day Program, Christmas Program, San Valentine Program, End of School Year Party Graduation, and Disciplinary Committee. She has worked with autistic children and children with disabilities. And additionally participated in the 20082009 International Reading Association annual convention representing the school. School

❏ October Conference attendance by families was above 95%. ❏ Field Trips: 1st and 3rd Grade attended the Tears of Joy Puppet Theatre, When People

Were Animals bilingual performance. Grades 6, 7, 8 attended La Muerte Baila, a bilingual play by Milagro Theatre.

❏ Principal held monthly parent coffee with 17 parents and two miniprincipals. ❏ Held first Ambassador Assembly and 25% of students earned Ambassador status by

being safe, responsible, respectful, and kind. ❏ Buenas Tardes is offering an extended day on 12/11, 11:305:00. This is in response to

parent requests. ❏ SafeSchools Alert: Our school now has an anonymous incident reporting and tracking

system. Now incidences of bullying, harassment, intimidation, and positive recognition can be reported online, via text, via email or phone. It is a free service and can be linked to our new website once it is online. (See sample flyer.)

Recent U.S. education statistics show: ● Every 7 minutes a child is bullied at school. ● 1 in 3 teens report being bullied and 1 in 10 reported being bullied daily or several times

a week. ● 57% of students would not report an incident if they could not do it anonymously.

Upcoming Events

❏ Winter Performance is December 11, 6:00 pm. The theme is “Tell Me About Christmas.”

Bullying Reporting & Tracking

System RECEIVE TIPS VIA PHONE, TEXT, EMAIL, AND WEBSITE!

Every 7 minutes a child is bullied at school and 57% of students would not report an incident if they could not do it anonymously.

Now, the SafeSchools Alert System lets your students, staff, and

parents confidentially report bullying, harassment, and intimidation to your administration 24/7.

Receive tips 4 convenient ways via phone, text, email, and website! Every tip is immediately logged in your custom Alert system and

appropriate staff members are notified via email. Workflows allow administrators to easily delegate tips to colleagues

who can investigate and manage tips to resolution. Watch a short overview at www.safeschoolsalert.com/videos.

Contact us for a demonstration today! 1.800.434.0154 [email protected]

© Scenario Learning, LLC. www.safeschoolsalert.com

PTO Update:

• Fundraising o Jog-a-thon wrap up.

We brought in approximately $32,000. • Matching money is not all in yet.

o Auction We have 2 auction Chairs. Save the date cards went in the mail last week. The team is moving forward.

• Community Building o The parents have elected to remove the PTO from the gift giving to the teachers. o Funds will not be collected and pooled. o Spirtwear will not be purchased as a holiday gift, from fundraising funds.

Staff members are now getting special staff spiritwear from the school. o The PTO Officers are still giving a small gift to the staff.

• Preparing for 2016-17 o We are already looking for a new PTO President,

Sunshine must return to her studies, but will be helping still. o The PTO Officers have decided to create an opportunity for the community to

suggest changes to fundraising, community building and the way the tools the PTO uses (ie. ParentBooker…) for the upcoming school year. We will accept any and all suggestions in the month of January. A team will go through research, discuss and respond to all suggestions. Decisions for next year will not actually be made until after the auction, to

allow us to evaluate items within the auction as well. (ie. Another auction software)

• Parent Concerns o Parents are asking for an update on the site search. o Parents are concerned about the server issues, price and urgency around the server

issues. Questioning the need for a cooling server unit. Questions about why are servers are not lasting very long.

Arco Iris Spanish Immersion Charter School, along with the Beaverton School District, recognizes the diversity and worth of all individuals and groups. It is the policy of Arco Iris that there will be no discrimination or harassment of individuals or groups based on race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, marital status, age, veterans' status, genetic information or disability in any educational programs, activities, or employment.

November 19, 2015

Nominating Committee Update The Nominating Committee has completed Finance and Project Manager Interviews and would like to make the following recommendations: Project Manager (3 year term ending 12/2018) The Committee interviewed Erica Vo and would like to nominate her to the Project Manager role. Erica is a licensed psychologist currently employed in the Forest Grove School District. Her background includes community mental health, Child Welfare, Department of Corrections, and outpatient sex offender treatment among other things, and all of her positions have required Spanish language skills to varying degrees. Erica received her Doctorate in Psychology from Pacific University. Her diverse background and bi-lingual skills make her a great addition to the Board. Finance (3 year term ending 12/2018) The Committee interviewed Sandra "Sandy" Pagan and would like to nominate her to the Finance role, Sandy is very energetic, realistic about the scope and extent of the Treasurer’s responsibilities and the school’s financial goals, and has a good foundation of financial literacy. Sandy has a B.S. in Computer Science from Cornell University, worked in software development, and is currently a nutritionist. She is a resident within the Beaverton School District with two small children. Sandy and her husband have already committed to seeking a language immersion program for our children’s education and she looks forward to being a part of the Arco Iris community.

Arco Iris Spanish Immersion Charter School Board Emeritus Policy

July 16th, 2015

I. Emeritus Members: The Board recognizes that on occasion, individual Board members may distinguish themselves through exemplary performance of their duties on behalf of the school. The Board recognizes that such members may wish to continue their service to the Board following the expiration of their Board terms. In such circumstances, the Board may, by majority vote, designate individual former Board members as Emeritus members and assign such duties and responsibilities to the designated Emeritus members as the Board sees fit, subject to the following provisions: a. Emeritus status is voluntary and may be refused or revoked at any time by

the Emeritus member by sending written notification (including email) of such refusal or revocation to a member of the Board, which shall be effective upon receipt.

b. Emeritus status does not require that the Board assign or delegate any duties or responsibilities to the former member.

c. Emeritus status does not grant any voting rights on any Board business at Board meetings. For any committees where the Emeritus member may serve, the delegation of voting rights will be the same as all members of the committee and addressed in the creation of that specific committee.

d. Emeritus status does not convey additional rights to participate in Board meetings; an Emeritus member has the same rights as any non-Board member of the school community at Board meetings. An Emeritus member is always free to address the Board during public comment. Any special projects an Emeritus member is working on will be addressed according to the published agenda for a corresponding Board meeting.

e. Any designation of an Emeritus member shall be documented in the minutes of the Board meeting.

f. Any duties or responsibilities delegated to an Emeritus member whereby the Emeritus member will be authorized to act on behalf of the Board, must be approved by a majority vote of the Board. Such duties and responsibilities shall be defined in writing and recorded in the minutes of the corresponding Board meeting and shall be delivered in writing (including email) to the Emeritus member.

g. In no event shall any Emeritus member be delegated the duty, responsibility, or authority to bind the school or Board to any type of financial commitment.

h. Any designation of Emeritus status may be revoked at any time by the Board by a majority vote. The revocation shall be effective as of the time of such vote by the Board, and written notice (including email) shall be sent to the former Emeritus member to that effect.

i. The Board may publicly recognize Emeritus members in the Board’s sole discretion. Founders will automatically qualify for Emeritus status upon departure from Board.

j. Emeritus status will be reviewed and decided upon departure of Board member and no later than three (3) months after their term ends.

k. Any Emeritus status that may have been previously granted or assumed as of July 16th, 2015, shall be reaffirmed by the Board (by majority vote) by December 31st, 2015.


November 17, 2015

Site Search Team Update Since last update the site team has been attempting to reach the broker at the most recent property we have been vetting. We have been trying to obtain additional information and schedule additional tours. After numerous unanswered attempts, we asked our broker to reach out to the property’s broker and demand a response. Unfortunately, we learned this week that the property owners are not willing to lease as we had been lead to believe by their broker. They are willing to sell the property, but not provide a long term lease. The current purchase price is significantly outside of our budget, but we believe the property is overpriced. The site team will be working to determine if a more reasonable purchase price is possible. If the sellers are willing to negotiate on price we will need to continue our efforts to determine if the property will meet our needs (i.e. classroom space, ADA requirements, parking requirements, building requirements, etc.). While working through the significant number of tasks to determine if the property is viable we will also be reviewing what lending options are available and most beneficial to us. This effort will not only help us with this particular property, but position us to have a better understanding of our options if another property comes along. While reviewing this new property we are not giving up hope on the Riviera building. We have started conversations with this building’s broker again. We are putting a different proposal in front of them than was discussed last year. We hope to have more updates on this effort at the next report. We know that this particular effort, to find us a permanent home with the space we need, is very important to all Arco Iris families and staff. It is a long and complicated path where it sometimes feels like we are taking one step forward and two steps back. Know that with every step, whether forward or backward, we are learning and getting closer to a forever home for our kids. We appreciate everyone’s patience while we work through everything involved with this effort.

DR

AFT


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Mission Statement. The mission of Arco Iris is to offer a solid education that includes Spanish immersion and a rigorous mathematical curriculum that will prepare students to be responsible citizens and lifelong learners with strong values. Goals. The goals of Arco Iris are to prepare students to attain high academic achievement in Spanish and English; build the skills and knowledge that students will need to be successful in their future algebra classes; and become bilingual, biliterate, and multiculturally competent leaders. Philosophy. The philosophy of Arco Iris is to provide an academically challenging, content-rich curriculum that holds high expectations for all students, including becoming fluent and literate in Spanish in addition to English; to develop strong, critical-thinking skills in all students; to provide a safe environment where all students are known, respected, and valued as individuals of great potential; and to establish a community that models and encourages character development, respect for diversity, and a sense of responsibility towards the community. Board Action Request: The Charter Renewal Committee is making 3 recommendations to the Arco Iris School Board regarding the Arco Iris Enrollment Policy. As a group, the Committee researched each topic, hosted a public forum and extensively dicussed the options for each of the 3 recommendations during the meeting on 11/2/15. The recommendations below were unanimously approved at the committee meeting on 11/2/15. All committee members have also read this recommendation. All meetings were public and written documents posted and shared with the community. Detailed information for each are presented below.

1. Shall the Arco Iris School Board re-‐apply for a waiver to ORS 338.125(3) and thus grant priority enrollment to children of staff and board members?

2. Shall the Arco Iris School Board apply for a new waiver to ORS 338.125(3) and seek to

administer a language proficiency exam for enrollment beyond the 1st grade?

3. Shall the Arco Iris School Board amend the Enrollment Policy to create a weighted lottery system to achieve a pre-‐determined level of diversity as permitted by Senate Bill 820 (passed 2015)?


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1. Shall the Arco Iris School Board re-apply for a waiver to ORS 338.125(3) and thus grant priority enrollment to children of staff and board members?

a. Explanation/History: The current waiver permitting priority enrollment for the children of staff and school board members was approved by the Oregon Department of Education in May 2013. The waiver expires when the Charter contract expires.

i. Oregon State law ORS 338.125(3) requires “the public charter school to select students through an equitable lottery selection process”. Arco Iris successfully requested to waive this law for students who are children of Arco Iris School teachers, staff and board members, so long as this does not exceed 10% of the enrollment.

ii. The request to provide enrollment priority to the children of employees is consistent with the US Department of Education Title V, Part B of the ESEA Charter Schools Program Non-‐regulatory Guidance, (2011, E-‐4) “Children of a charter school's founders, teachers, and staff (so long as the total number of students allowed under this exemption constitutes only a small percentage of the school's total enrollment.)”

b. Committee Recommendation: The committee recommends that the Arco Iris School Board continue this process and apply for the waiver again. The opportunity to enroll children has attracted past and current Board Members who volunteer many hours on behalf of the school. Nearly half of the current board members are the parents of future students, demonstrating that this policy is effective in helping recruit school board members. Further, the opportunity to enroll children has helped as a recruitment tool for current staff.

2. Shall the Arco Iris School Board apply for a new waiver to ORX 338.125(3) and seek

to administer a language proficiency exam for enrollment beyond the 1st grade? a. Explanation/History: Schools in the area that have immersion programs starting

with kindergarten, whether dual or full immersion, discourage enrollment after the first trimester of first grade. The rationale is that, by this point, most students will already have had 1.5 years of instruction in the target language, which would make it difficult for incoming students to catch up. Arco Iris, has not had any policy in place to assess incoming students’ language ability in any grade level. This has created very uneven proficiency levels in a number of grades, which makes immersion instruction challenging.

b. Committee Recommendation: The Committee has 2 recommendations for the

School Board related to this question. i. The committee recommends that the Arco Iris School Board delay this decision for grades 1-5. The Committee feels that there is insufficient data to use in the waiver application process. We do not have enough data to determine cut-‐offs or a range of proficiency expectations for each grade level. We recommend examining this topic again in a year using data from the 2015-‐16 ENIL testing (new Spanish assessments) to create guidelines. Financial implications should be reviewed as well.

ii. The committee recommends that the Arco Iris School Board apply for a new waiver to ORS 338.125(3) to grant priority enrollment to new


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students transferring directly from a Spanish Language Immersion program for grades 6-8. These students would have priority over new students who are not transferring from a Spanish Language Immersion program. There are a number of dual-‐immersion feeder elementary schools that can encourage their graduating students to continue with a similar model for middle school. Our principal is reaching out to administrators to let them know about the Arco Iris middle school option. At this level, it is particularly crucial that students have already developed language skills since instruction in Spanish is focused on content and not specifically language acquisition. Arco Iris students enrolled will already have a strong background in the Spanish language.

3. Shall the Arco Iris School Board amend the Enrollment Policy to create a weighted

lottery system to achieve a pre-determined level of diversity as permitted by Senate Bill 820 (passed 2015)? a. Explanation/History: The new bill states that charter schools MAY implement a

weighted lottery system to increase their diversity. Major areas of concern with respect to charter schools include ELL, low income and special needs students. Studies emphasize that having students exposed to these diverse groups makes them use to seeing others with differences and accepting of those differences in everyday life. Students that are not exposed to the different groups find it awkward when they do encounter them in everyday life. Racially diverse schools provide benefits by promoting cross-‐racial understanding and breaking down barriers and stereotypes. Students who are not exposed to diversity in school often lack opportunities to interact with students from different backgrounds. For English language learners, participation in a charter school has been shown to improve their grades and make them more likely to progress out of the ELL program. The articles read by committee members did not specify if the charter schools were language immersion focused. Diversity creates a better learning environment. Children in low income families perform better when attending school with students from upper income families. Children in charter schools where all students are from low income families perform better than normal schools but not as well as those that are mixed with students from upper income families. If charter schools want to improve their diversity they need to put more effort into recruiting from those groups. Charter schools that have implemented weighted lotteries have not always improved their diversity numbers and few have come close to the overall representation found in society. Applying takes extra effort and people need to feel welcome and understand the advantages of attending a charter school. Challenges such as transportation and child care can also be bigger for these families. The weighted lottery does not work if we don’t have enough people from these diverse groups applying. Increasing students from more diverse backgrounds also comes with issues related to funding. Charters may not have the funding to provide special education professionals or other resources like free transportation or free lunch and homeless support services.


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· Current Diversity Info

Arco Iris School Beaverton School District 17% Economically Disadvantaged ~ 41% Economically Disadvantaged 9% ESL ~ 28% English Language Learners 7% Special Education ~ 13% Students with Disabilities ***************************************** ***************************************** 43.0% White 50.0% White 3.6% Black 2.7% Black 33.7% Hispanic 24.6% Hispanic 7.2% Asian/Pacific Islander 14.9% Asian/Pacific Islander 0.8% American Indian/Alaskan Native 0.5% American Indian/Alaskan Native 11.7% Multi-‐ethnic 7.3% Multi-‐ethnic

b. Committee Recommendation: The committee recommends that the Arco Iris

School Board continue enrollment without creating a weighted lottery. However, the committee encourages bilingual recruitment efforts in diverse locations. Arco Iris is already above the Beaverton School district with respect to racial diversity. We suggest that the Board review the diversity numbers annually to be sure we stay on target and pay close attention to SB 820 especially after any move to a new location. At this point the implementation of SB 820 is uncharted territory and it would be good to revisit this once there are some models to use. For instance, what types of information is collected during open enrollment, how are weights assigned to different categories, is it for a % of the open spots, etc. Implementing a weighted lottery can happen at any time, it is not a waiver. As long as we review our numbers in a timely manner each year and reassess whether to implement the lottery.

Of note, all waiver applications must have approved minutes from the School Board meeting clearly stating that the waiver was approved. If the Board approves the 2 waivers recommended by the Committee, the approved November minutes need to be included in the application. Sonia and April, who are preparing the applications, will need the November minutes to be approved ASAP. The waivers can take 60-90 days to get through ODE, so the earlier it is sent in the better. It might be worth it to consider a call-in meeting simply to approve the November minutes if submitting the application in early December is better than January.


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Mission Statement. The mission of Arco Iris is to offer a solid education that includes Spanish immersion and a rigorous mathematical curriculum that will prepare students to be responsible citizens and lifelong learners with strong values. Goals. The goals of Arco Iris are to prepare students to attain high academic achievement in Spanish and English; build the skills and knowledge that students will need to be successful in their future algebra classes; and become bilingual, biliterate, and multiculturally competent leaders. Philosophy. The philosophy of Arco Iris is to provide an academically challenging, content-rich curriculum that holds high expectations for all students, including becoming fluent and literate in Spanish in addition to English; to develop strong, critical-thinking skills in all students; to provide a safe environment where all students are known, respected, and valued as individuals of great potential; and to establish a community that models and encourages character development, respect for diversity, and a sense of responsibility towards the community. Board Action Request: The Charter Renewal Committee requests authorization from the board approval for the Charter Renewal Committee to submit a Charter Renewal Letter to the Beaverton School District Board as detailed below. The Charter Renewal Committee met as a committee to discuss desired changes to the current Charter Contract. We took this list and met with our Charter School lawyer and finally met with Jon Bridges, our Beaverton School District representative. There are a few minor changes to the Charter (Smarter Balance Tests replacing OAKS assessments; notification of new curriculum materials 30 days in place of 60 days in advance, possible changes to the number/frequenct of reports) we expect these will be addressed during the 90-‐day negotiation phase. We request that the Arco Iris Board authorize the Charter Renewal Committee to prepare the formal request for our Charter Renewal with Matt Lowe, the school lawyer. The major requests of the renewal letter may include:

• Section 2.1: Term Length of 10 years • Section 5.7: Student Achievement: Comparison on a subject-‐by-‐subject basis and not a

grade-‐by-‐grade basis (comparison of 3 scores instead of 14 scores). This means that there will be a comparison of the Math test score (tested in grades 3-‐8), the Reading Test score (tested in grades 3-‐8) and the Science test score (tested in grades 5 and 8). The comparison group will be two-‐way immersion students from the K-‐5 schools, Barnes and Vose and the K-‐8 school, Aloha Huber.

• Section 6: Enrollment: A waiver will be submitted to continue the priority enrollment for children of Staff/Board. A new waiver (pending approval from the AI Board and support from BSD representatives) to grant priority enrollment of new Middle School students (grades 6-‐8 only) transferring from Spanish Language Immersion programs. (This is a new priority category within the “new students” applicants.)

• Section 14.1: District Funding at 90% of District’s General-‐Purpose Grant per ADMw • Proposed Timeline

o Notification to BSD – by December 11, 2015 o Public Hearing @ BSD Board Meeting-‐ January 19, 2016 (within 45 days of above) o Notification of intent from BSD – by February 8th (within 20 days of hearing) o Notification in writing from BSD – by February 23rd (within 35 days of the hearing) o Negotiation – no later than May 23rd (90 days from notification date)


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Board Action Request: The Charter Renewal Committee would also like to formally request that the Board consider revising the School Mission Statement. The reference to “future algebra classes” speaks to the elementary students and not the middle school students. While we acknowledge that it could be referencing Advanced Algebra classes, we suggest that Algebra speaks to the “present”and not to the “future”.

Board Member: Caitlin Jeffery

Todd Watkins

Jenifer Nelles

Scott Schiefel-

bein

Amy Velazquez

Sonia Ticas Jim Mullaney

April Rose Castillo

Candice Aguilar

ModulesRequired for All:

2: Legal and Policy Issues X X X X X X X

3: Board Member Conduct X X x X X X

4: Board Structure and Responsibilities X X x X X X

5: Holding Productive Meetings X X X X X

6: Promoting the Vision and Mission X X X X X X

11: Policy Development X X X X X X

12: Board Relationships X X X X X X

13: Pitfalls to Avoid X X X X X X

15: Data Driven Decisions X X X X X

18: Selecting, Reviewing, and Supporting the Administrator

X X x X X

24: Effective Committees X X x X25: Board Officer Responsibilities X X X

26: Parental Involvement X X X

Modules Required for Some:

9: Board Financial Oversight X

10: Charter School Finance X X

20: Renewal and Accreditation X X X

21: Grant Writing X

board meeting agenda - edl€¦ · executive session if needed / to be determined 5:00 p.m. –...

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