2.1 UNDERSTANDING BODY COORDINATIONBrainSpinal CordCentral Nervous system

Nervous system

Cranium

PeripheralNervous system

Cranial Nerve

Body Coordination

Pituitary GlandGrowth Hormone

ThyroxinThyroid gland

AdrenalineEndocrine SystemAdrenal Gland

InsulinPancreas

Oestrogen/progesteroneTestosteroneTestes/Ovaries

2.2 HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain

Central Nervous System

Spinal Cord

Human Nervous System

Cranial Nerve

Somatic Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous SystemSpinal Nerve

Autonomic Nervous System

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous system

BrainSpinal Cord

Control involuntary action

Control voluntary actions

Reflex actionTouching hot objectsExamples:WalkingReading

2.3 NERVOUS COORDINATION The relationship between receptors, neurones and effectors

Central Nervous SystemReceptorsSensory neuronesStimulus

The brain and the spinal cordConnect by relay neuronesConduct impulses to the central nervous systemIn sensory organsReceive stimuli and generate impulses

ResponseEffectors Motor Neurones

Muscles or glandsConduct impulses from the central nervous system

REFLEX ACTION - touching hot object

Relay neuroneSensory neuronePain receptorsStimulus

Conduct impulses to the motor neuroneImpulses are sent to the spinal cord along the sensory neuroneReceive stimulus and stimulate impulsesA sharp object

Motor neuroneEffector(biceps)

Conduct impulses to the effectorThe biceps contracts and move the hand away

2.4 PROPRIOCEPTORS

2.6 HORMONAL COORDINATIONInsulin Stimulates the change of glucose to glycogenGlucagon stimulates the change of glycogen to glucose

TestosteronePromotes and maintain the development of secondary male sex characteristics

Oestrogen ProgesteronePromotes and maintain the development of secondary female sex characteristics

Adrenaline Increases the blood glucose levelIncreases heartbeatIncreases breathing rate

Thyroxine Control metabolic rateRegulates growth and body developmet

Growth hormononeMaster gland

PancreasTestesOvariesAdrenalThyroidPituitaryENDOCRINE GLAND

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCEHigher metabolic rateIrritabilityIncrease heartbeatGigantism Overdeveloped of female secondary sexual characteristicsHypoglycaemia Excessive of hormonesTestosteroneOestrogen and progesteroneInsulinThyroxineGrowth hormone

Overdeveloped of male secondary sexual characteristics

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCELow metabolic rateGoitre CreatisimDwarfism Diabetes mellitusShortage Of HormonesTestosteroneOestrogen and progesteroneInsulinThyroxinGrowth hormone

Not well developed of male secondary sexual characteristicsNot well developed of female secondary sexual characteristics

2.7 COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDCRINE SYSTEMNervous coordination involves nervous systemCentral nervous system

Effector Receptor(sensory Organs)

Muscle or glandsImpulses travel along motor neuroneImpulses travel along sensory neurone

Hormonal coordination involves endocrine systemTarget organs

Circulatory system

lEndocrine glands

(heart, lungs ,liver, etc.)Hormones transport by the bloodHormone released to the bloodstream

COMPARISON BETWWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THE ENDROSlow respondFast respond

Respond to a stimulusLiver, heart, lungsMessage send by hormoneControl and coordinate body functionMuscle or glands will respondMessage send by impulseENDOCRINE SYSTEMNERVOUS SYSTEMSimilarities

2.8 EFFECTS OF DRUGSDepressantsTranquilisersBarbiturates

InhalantsGlue Paint

Type of drugs

StimulantsAmphetaminesCaffeineCocaine

HallucinogensCannabis MarijuanaLSD NarcoticsHeroineMorphineCodeine

EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCEDecrease stressTranquilisersBarbiturates

HallucinationDepressionBrain damageRelieve painInduce sleepHallucination Effects of drugs

Increase metabolic rateStay awake/stay active

AmphetaminesCaffeineCocaine

Cannabis MarijuanaLSD

HeroineMorphineCodeine

Glue Paint

Stomach ulcer Brain damageRapid aging Coma Liver inflammationLiver scarring Heart diseaseHigh blood pressure Stroke The effects of excessive consumption of alcohol2.9 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL