bohomolets microbiology lecture #14
DESCRIPTION
By Ms. Kostiuk from Microbiology departmentTRANSCRIPT
DNA virusesDNA viruses
AdenoviridaeAdenoviridae
Herpesviridae Herpesviridae
Family AdenoviridaeFamily Adenoviridae
Genus Genus Hosts Hosts Types Types Avi-Avi-adenovirus adenovirus
BirdBird 1414
Mast-Mast-adenovirus adenovirus
Human Human 4949
Monkey Monkey 2727
Mouse Mouse 22
Dog Dog 22
Pig Pig 44
Horse Horse 11
Neat cattleNeat cattle 1010
Adenoviruses Adenoviruses
DNA virusesDNA virusesGenome – double-stranded linear DNAGenome – double-stranded linear DNADNA consist of 30 genes DNA consist of 30 genes 10 structural proteins are known 10 structural proteins are known Nonenveloped Nonenveloped Icosahedral shapeIcosahedral shapeCubical type of symmetryCubical type of symmetrySize – approximately 80 nm in Size – approximately 80 nm in diameterdiameterCapsid consist of 252 capsomers (240 Capsid consist of 252 capsomers (240 hexons and 12 pentons on the tops)hexons and 12 pentons on the tops)Virion contain special protein-Virion contain special protein-hemagglutinins (fibers) protruding from hemagglutinins (fibers) protruding from each of the 12 vertices of the capsideach of the 12 vertices of the capsid
Viruses replicate in the nucleus, form Viruses replicate in the nucleus, form intranuclear inclusionsintranuclear inclusions
Scheme of adenovirus structureScheme of adenovirus structure
Capsid proteins
DNA
Adenovirus structureAdenovirus structure
Electron micrographs of adenovirus Electron micrographs of adenovirus particlesparticles
Electron micrographs of adenovirusElectron micrographs of adenovirus
Hole virions Hemagglutinins (fibers)
Electron micrographs of adenovirusElectron micrographs of adenovirus
Models of adenovirusModels of adenovirus
Events of adenovirus reproductionEvents of adenovirus reproduction
1.1. Attachment to the cell via fiberAttachment to the cell via fiber
2.2. Penetration by viropexis Penetration by viropexis
3.3. Uncoating Uncoating
4.4. Viral DNA moves to the nucleusViral DNA moves to the nucleus
5.5. Transcription of early genes by using host cell DNA-Transcription of early genes by using host cell DNA-depend RNA-polymerasedepend RNA-polymerase
6.6. Synthesis of early nonstructural proteins in the cytoplasmSynthesis of early nonstructural proteins in the cytoplasm
7.7. Replication of viral DNA in the cell nucleus Replication of viral DNA in the cell nucleus
8.8. Transcription of late mRNA and translation of late Transcription of late mRNA and translation of late structural proteinsstructural proteins
9.9. Assembly of virions in the nucleus Assembly of virions in the nucleus
10.10. The viruses are released by lysis of the cell The viruses are released by lysis of the cell
Routs of transmission:Routs of transmission: Aerosol dropletAerosol droplet
Fecal-oralFecal-oral
Direct inoculation of conjunctivasDirect inoculation of conjunctivas
Affected tissues:
• Respiratory tract (both upper and lower)
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Conjunctivas
• Genitourinary tract
Human diseases caused by Human diseases caused by adenovirusesadenoviruses
Diseases Diseases Serotype of Serotype of virus virus
Epidemic disease in childrenEpidemic disease in children 1, 2, 5, 61, 2, 5, 6
Pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival feverPharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever 3, 4, 7, 143, 4, 7, 14
Acute respiratory diseaseAcute respiratory disease 4, 7 , 14, 214, 7 , 14, 21
ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis 2, 3, 5, 7, 212, 3, 5, 7, 21
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitisEpidemic keratoconjunctivitis 8, 19, 378, 19, 37
Hemorrhagic cystitisHemorrhagic cystitis 40, 4140, 41
Infantile gastroenteritis with nonbloody Infantile gastroenteritis with nonbloody diarrheadiarrhea
38, 40, 4138, 40, 41
Affection of CNS (meningitis, encephalitis)Affection of CNS (meningitis, encephalitis) 3, 7, 213, 7, 21
Affection of heart Affection of heart 22
Classification of adenoviruses Classification of adenoviruses according to their oncogenisityaccording to their oncogenisity
Class of Class of oncogenisity oncogenisity
Serotype of Serotype of virusvirus
А – А – highly highly oncogenic oncogenic
12, 18, 3112, 18, 31
В – В – lowly lowly oncogenic oncogenic
3, 7, 11, 14, 213, 7, 11, 14, 21
С – С – nononcogenic nononcogenic 1, 2, 5 і 61, 2, 5 і 6
Laboratory diagnosis of Laboratory diagnosis of adenoviral infectionsadenoviral infections
Rapid detectionRapid detection – – detection of viral antigens in detection of viral antigens in affected cells with immunofluorescens reactionaffected cells with immunofluorescens reaction
Virological methodVirological method – – isolation of viruses in cell isolation of viruses in cell culture and identificationculture and identification ( (CPE and serological tests CPE and serological tests – complement binding test, inhibition of hemagglutination – complement binding test, inhibition of hemagglutination
test, virus neutralization testtest, virus neutralization test))Serological diagnosticSerological diagnostic – – detection of a 4-fold or detection of a 4-fold or greater rise of antibody titer (complement binding test)greater rise of antibody titer (complement binding test)
GenodiagnosticGenodiagnostic –– polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reaction
Adenoviral CPEAdenoviral CPE
Normal cells HeLa Swelling, rounding of cell, clustering
HerpesvirusesHerpesviruses
Division of herpesviruses according Division of herpesviruses according to hosts, susceptible to the virusesto hosts, susceptible to the viruses
Human Human – 8 – 8 species species PrimatesPrimates – 31 – 31 speciesspecies Other mammaliansOther mammalians – 31 – 31 speciesspecies BirdsBirds – 12 – 12 speciesspecies ReptilesReptiles– 6 – 6 speciesspecies
HerpesvirusesHerpesviruses
DNA virusesDNA virusesGenome – double-stranded linear DNAGenome – double-stranded linear DNADNA consist of approximately 80 genes DNA consist of approximately 80 genes that code 80 proteinsthat code 80 proteinsEnveloped Enveloped Icosahedral symmetry of nucleocapsidIcosahedral symmetry of nucleocapsidSize – 120-200 nm in diameterSize – 120-200 nm in diameterVirion does not contain a polymeraseVirion does not contain a polymeraseViruses replicate in the nucleus, form Viruses replicate in the nucleus, form intranuclear inclusionsintranuclear inclusionsHerpesviruses are the only viruses that Herpesviruses are the only viruses that obtain their envelopes by budding from obtain their envelopes by budding from the nuclear membranethe nuclear membraneHave tendency to cause latent Have tendency to cause latent infections with periodically recurrent infections with periodically recurrent acute conditions acute conditions
Structure of herpesvirus virionStructure of herpesvirus virion
Nucleocapsid
Tegument
Genome
Envelope
Glycoprotein spike І type
Glycoprotein spike ІI type
Kaposi’s sarcoma virusKaposi’s sarcoma virus
Genome
Capsid
Envelope
Tegument
Particles of herpesvirusesParticles of herpesviruses
Chickenpox virionsChickenpox virions
Herpesvirus virionsHerpesvirus virions
Herpesvirus virions without Herpesvirus virions without envelopeenvelope
Adherence of herpesviruses on the Adherence of herpesviruses on the cell membranecell membrane
Events of hepresvirus reproductionEvents of hepresvirus reproduction1. Penetration
2. Uncoating
3. Released viral DNA enters the nucleus
4. Transcription with host cell polymerase
5. Synthesis of early nunstructural protein in cytoplasm
6. Replication of viral DNA in the cell nucleus7. Synthesis and transportation of late structural proteins in the
nucleus7. Assembly of nucleocaplid
Strategy of herpesvirus DNA Strategy of herpesvirus DNA synthesissynthesis
Events of hepresvirus reproductionEvents of hepresvirus reproduction
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Release of herpesvirusesRelease of herpesviruses
Egression of herpesviruses from the nucleus
Egression of herpesviruses from the cell
Release of herpesviruses from the Release of herpesviruses from the infected cellinfected cell
Herpesviridae family classificationHerpesviridae family classification
Subfamilies:Subfamilies:
Alpha-herpesvirinae (Alpha-herpesvirinae (-herpesvirinae)-herpesvirinae)
Betha-herpesvirinae (Betha-herpesvirinae (-herpesvirinae)-herpesvirinae)
Gamma-herpesvirinae (Gamma-herpesvirinae (-herpesvirinae)-herpesvirinae)
Subfamily Subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinaeAlpha-herpesvirinae
Genus Genus Viruses Viruses Diseases Diseases
SimplexSimplex--virusvirus
Herpes simplex Herpes simplex virus typevirus type 1 1
(HSV-1)(HSV-1)
GingivostomatitisGingivostomatitis,, herpes herpes labialis, encephalitis, labialis, encephalitis, keratitis keratitis (ocular herpes)(ocular herpes)
Herpes simplex Herpes simplex virus typevirus type 2 2
(HSV-2)(HSV-2)
Herpes genitalis, encephalitis,Herpes genitalis, encephalitis, herpes of newbornherpes of newborn, , carcinoma carcinoma of cervixof cervix
VaricelloVaricello--virusvirus
Herpes zoster virus Herpes zoster virus (VZV)(VZV)
Varicella (chickenpox), herpes Varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)zoster (shingles)
Herpes simplex viruses 1, 2. Herpes simplex viruses 1, 2. Diseases and affected tissuesDiseases and affected tissues
Recurrent lesions of herpes labialis Recurrent lesions of herpes labialis (coldsore) (coldsore)
Herpesviral gingivostomatitisHerpesviral gingivostomatitis
Herpesviral gingivostomatitisHerpesviral gingivostomatitis
Neonatal herpes simplex Neonatal herpes simplex
Genital herpesGenital herpes
Vesicles
Chickenpox Chickenpox
Disseminated chicken pox lesions on the back
ChickenpoxChickenpox
Disseminated chicken pox lesions on the face
Chickenpox in the child Chickenpox in the child
Varicell-Zoster viral infectionsVaricell-Zoster viral infections
Chickenpox
Zoster (shingles)
Zoster (shingles)
Subfamily Subfamily Betha-herpesvirinaeBetha-herpesvirinae
Genus Genus Viruses Viruses Diseases Diseases
CytomeCytome--galovirusgalovirus
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis, mononucleosis, congenital CMV infection, congenital CMV infection, perinatal CMV infectionperinatal CMV infection
RoseoloRoseolo--virusvirus
Human herpesvirus-6 Human herpesvirus-6 (human T-limphotropic (human T-limphotropic virus)virus)
Acute febrile disease – Acute febrile disease – roseola, chronic roseola, chronic neurological diseaseneurological disease, , Hodgkin’s lymphoma, oral Hodgkin’s lymphoma, oral carcinoma, and T-cell carcinoma, and T-cell leukemialeukemia
Human herpesvirus-Human herpesvirus-77
CMV infection characteristicCMV infection characteristic Form of Form of infection infection
Trans-Trans-mission mission
Affected Affected objects objects
Features Features
Congenital Congenital CMV CMV infectioninfection
Trans-Trans-placental placental
Fetuses Fetuses Most infected newborns are born Most infected newborns are born without signs, a certain number without signs, a certain number exhibit enlarged liver and spleen, exhibit enlarged liver and spleen, capillary bleeding, microcephaly. capillary bleeding, microcephaly. In some cases death follows In some cases death follows within a few days or weeks. within a few days or weeks. Rarely - sequelae, including Rarely - sequelae, including hearing and visual disturbances hearing and visual disturbances and mental retardation. and mental retardation.
Perinatal Perinatal CMV CMV infectioninfection
During During exposure to exposure to the mother’s the mother’s vaginavagina
Newborns Newborns Chiefly asymptomatic, although Chiefly asymptomatic, although pneumonitis and a pneumonitis and a mononucleosis-like syndrome can mononucleosis-like syndrome can develop during the first 3 months develop during the first 3 months after birthafter birth
CMV mono-CMV mono-nucleosisnucleosis
Sexual Sexual contact, contact, blood blood transfusion transfusion
Immuno-Immuno-deficient deficient adults adults
Systemic disease with fever, Systemic disease with fever, severe diarrhea, hepatitis, severe diarrhea, hepatitis, pneumonia, and high mortality pneumonia, and high mortality
Cells infected by CMV Cells infected by CMV
Giant cell
Nucleus
Normal cell
Subfamily Subfamily Gamma-herpesvirinaeGamma-herpesvirinae
Genus Genus Viruses Viruses ПатологіяПатологія
LymphoLympho--cryptoviruscryptovirus
Epstein-Barr virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)(EBV)
Infectious mononucleosis, Infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Hairy leucoplakia (in AIDS Hairy leucoplakia (in AIDS patients)patients)
RhadinoRhadino--virusvirus
Human herpevirus Human herpevirus 88 (or Kaposi’s (or Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated sarcoma-associated herpesvirus)herpesvirus)
Kaposi’s sarcoma (a common Kaposi’s sarcoma (a common tumor of AIDS patients). tumor of AIDS patients).
Possible: multiple myeloma, Possible: multiple myeloma, cancer of the bloodcancer of the blood
Infectious mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis
Angina when infectious mononucleosis
The symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are sore throat, high fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy, which develop after a long incubation period (30-50 days). Many patients also have a gray-white exudate in the pharynx
Burkitt’s lymphomaBurkitt’s lymphoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy that usually develops in the jaw and grossly swells the cheek.
African children 4 to 8 years old are usually affected
Nalopharyngeal carcinomaNalopharyngeal carcinoma
is a malignancy of epithelial cells that is a malignancy of epithelial cells that occurs in older Chinese and African menoccurs in older Chinese and African men
Blood smear of healthy humanBlood smear of healthy human
Blood smear of a patient with infectious Blood smear of a patient with infectious mononucleosis. Lymphocytes infected by EDVmononucleosis. Lymphocytes infected by EDV
Important features of common Important features of common herpesvirus infectionsherpesvirus infections
Virus Virus Primary Primary infectioninfection
Usual site Usual site of latencyof latency
Recurrent Recurrent infectioninfection
Route of Route of transmissiontransmission
HSV-1HSV-1 Gingivo-Gingivo-stomatitis stomatitis
Cranial Cranial sensory sensory ganglia ganglia
Herpes Herpes labialis, labialis, encephalitis, encephalitis, keratitiskeratitis
Via respiratory Via respiratory secretions and secretions and salivasaliva
HSV-2HSV-2 Herpes Herpes genitalis, genitalis, perinatal perinatal herpes herpes
Lumbar or Lumbar or sacral sacral sensory sensory gangliaganglia
Herpes Herpes genitalis genitalis
Sexual Sexual contact, contact, perinatal perinatal infectioninfection
VSVVSV Varicella Varicella Cranial or Cranial or thoracic thoracic sensory sensory gangliaganglia
Zoster Zoster Via respiratory Via respiratory secretions secretions
Important features of common Important features of common herpesvirus infectionsherpesvirus infections
Virus Virus Primary Primary infectioninfection
Usual Usual site of site of latencylatency
Recurrent Recurrent infectioninfection
Route of Route of transmissiontransmission
EBVEBV Infectious Infectious mono-mono-nucleosisnucleosis
B B lympho-lympho-cytes cytes
None None Via respiratory Via respiratory secretions and secretions and salivasaliva
CMVCMV Congenital Congenital infection, infection, mono-mono-nucleosis nucleosis
Uncertain Uncertain AsymptomAsymptomatic atic shedding shedding
Intrauterine Intrauterine infection, infection, transfusions, transfusions, sexual contact, sexual contact, via secretions (eg, via secretions (eg, saliva and urine)saliva and urine)
Common methods of laboratory Common methods of laboratory diagnosis of herpesviral infectionsdiagnosis of herpesviral infections
VirologicalVirological.. Isolation of viruses in the chicken Isolation of viruses in the chicken embryo and cell culture and following embryo and cell culture and following identification (detection of CPE and serological identification (detection of CPE and serological tests)tests)
Serological diagnosticSerological diagnostic – – detection of a 4-fold detection of a 4-fold or greater rise of antibody titer or greater rise of antibody titer
GenodiagnosticGenodiagnostic –– polymerase chain reactionpolymerase chain reaction
CPE caused by herpersiruses CPE caused by herpersiruses (syncytium formation)(syncytium formation)
Chicken embryos that infected by Chicken embryos that infected by herpesvirusesherpesviruses
Herpes simplex virus I type
Herpes simplex virus II type
Oncogenic DNA virusesOncogenic DNA viruses
Viruses that Viruses that cause cancer in cause cancer in human:human:
• PapillomaviridaePapillomaviridae• HerpesviridaeHerpesviridae• HepadnaviridaeHepadnaviridae
Viruses that cause cancer Viruses that cause cancer only in laboratory animal only in laboratory animal and in cell culture (not in and in cell culture (not in human):human):
AdenoviridaeAdenoviridaePolyomaviridaePolyomaviridae
Smallpox Smallpox
PoxvirusPoxvirus
Papillomaviruses Papillomaviruses