Boiler

Boiler

1. Boiler

(1) Boiler

Boiler , .

(2)

1) (Radiation)

.

4 .

.

50%

-(Stefan-Boltzmann)

.

Q=A ( T-T)

: Stefan-Boltzmann ( / h.mk)

A :

T:

T:

2) (Conduction)

.

.

Fourier .

Q=KA ( T-T) / L ( / h)

K : ( / h.m.)

A :

L :

3) (Convection)

.

.

, ,

, .

Newton .

Q = HA ( T-T) ( / h)

H : ( / h.m.)

A :

(3)

1) 225.6 (/) ,

374 .

2) 0 .

3) .

(4)

1) (Nucleate Boiling)

S ,

.

C

(Departure From Nucleate Boiling) .

2) (Film Boiling)

.

.

.

(5)

1) 90% .

2)

= ( / ) X 100

= {(/h)x[(/)-(/)]} /

{(/h)x(/)} X 100.

.

= {1670000/h x [806(/)-248(/)]} /

{171000(/h)x6170 (/)} X 100

= 88.3 (%)

(Ash)

(6)

- (Drain) (Blow Down) (Valve)

- ( Steam Trap)

-

-

-

2.

(1)

.

1) (Circulation Boiler)

(Natural Circulation Boiler)

(Controlled Circulation Boiler)

.

2) (Once Through Boiler)

(Benson)

(Sulzer)

.

(2) (Circulation Ratio)

.

(Thermal Inertia) , .

. (C.R) = /

(3) (Natural Circulation Boiler)

. .

, , (Furnace) .

1)

.

( )

.

.

.

.

2)

= ( - ) X

3)

.

.

(Head)

.

.

.

4)

.

.

.

.

5)

6)

.

.

.

,

.

(4) (Controlled Circulation Boiler)

(Boiler Water Circulation Pump ; BWCP) .

(Lower Header) . .

1)

.

= +

.

2)

.

(Low Header)

(Orifice) ,

(Strainer)

(Pluging) .

.

.

,

.

(Furnace) .

(Scale)

.

3)

.

,

.

, .

4) (Boiler Water Circulation Pump ; BWCP)

(Gland)

.

Glandless Submerged Motor Pump .

.

(Cavity)

.

.

(5)

. .

.

(Economizer),(Evaporator),(Superheater) (Single Flow Tube) , , .

(6)

1) , ,

.

2)

.

3)

.

4) .

5)

.

6)

(Blow Down)

.

(Spiral Type)

(Ribbed Tube) .

(Ribbed Tube)

(7) (Benson Boiler)

(Flash Tank)

.

.

.

.

(Benson Boiler) .

1) (Burner)

.

2)

30% .

3)

(Scale) .

4)

(Bottle-up)

.

(8) (Sulzer Boiler)

1) .

2) (Separator)

,

.

3) (Circulating Pump)

.

4) (Hot Start-up)

.

5) .

(9) (Spiral Type Water Wall)

1)

.

2) .

3) .

4) .

5)

.

6)

.

3.

(1) (Economizer)

1)

.

2)

.

.

3)

400

1 .

4)

.

(Fin) .

.

(Fin)

5) (Economizer Recirculation line)

.

.

.

(Water Hammer) .

,

.

.

(2) (Drum)

1)

.

() .

.

.

2)

(Feed Water Pipe)

.

.

(Down Comer)

.

(Riser Tube)

.

(Shroud, Baffle)

.

(Cyclone Separater)

.

(Dryer)

.

.

(Saturation Steam Pipe)

.

(Level Gauge)

. .

2 (bi-color)

.

.

.

. (Blow Down)

. (Satety Valve)

. (Vent Pipe)

3)

.

.

. 0 +, -

.

. 0 .

. .

. :

(Scale)

.

.

- (Casing) (Rotor) .

- .

. :

.

.

.

.

.

.

3 ( 3Element Control System ) .

. (Drum level)

. (Steam Flow)

. (Feed Water Flow)

3

4)

55

, 65 ,

.

: 55/hr

: 110/hr

: 220/hr

(3) (Furnace)

1) ()

.

.

2)

.

.

.

(Buckstay) (Furnace)

.

(Studded)

(Membrane Tube)

(4) (Superheater) (Reheater)

1)

.

.

,

.

,

.

(Reheater) (High Pressure Turbine)

.

, (Low

PressureTurbine) (Blade) .

2)

. (Radiant Superheater)

.

. (Convection Superheater)

,

.

. -

-

.

, , .

.

- ,

.

- .

- .

.

- ,

.

- , .

- .

.

-

.

.

- .

- (Drain Water) .

.

- .

- (Drain Water) .

3)

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. (Desuperheater or Spray Attemperator)

-

(Spray Nozzle) .

-

, .

-

(Scale) .

.

- C.E (Combustion Engineering)

(Tilting Burner) 4

30 .

- (+30)

(-30) .

- .

(Tilting Burner)

. (Gas Recirculation)

-

.

-

(, ,

, ) .

-

.

- ()

.

(5) (Tube)

1)

(Creep)

.

,

.

, .

.

.

2)

.

.

.

.

(Make Up Water Flow)

.

. .

. ,

.

. .

. , .

,

.

.

.

.

.

. .

3)

, ,

.

, .

(Baffle Plate)

, (Soot Blowing)

(Tube Shield) .

(Scale)

.

, .

****

. . , . . (dryness) .

,

. , . -(Clausius-Clapeyron) . () .

****

, . . () , . , . .