PublicacionesPeriódicas de

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O ¡;~L:.S;;'leSeptiembre 2011

Biblioteca Central

Boletín de tablas de contenidos de publicaciones en la biblioteca.

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Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSocietyhttp://www.computer.org/micro .,..

July/August2011 Volume31 Number4

Features

3 Guest Editors' Introduction: Big Chips

Andrew B. Kahng and Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan

6 Toward Dark Silicon in Servers

Nikos Hardavellas, Michael Ferdman, Babak Falsafi,and AnastasiaAilamaki

16 Scaling with Design Constraints: Predictingthe Future ot Big ChipsWeiHuang,Karthick Rajamani,Mircea R. Stan,and Kevin Skadron

30 Rigel: A 1,024-Core Single-Chip AcceleratorArch itectu re

Daniel R fohmon, Matthew R fohmon,fohn H Kelm,William Tuohy, StevenS. Lumetta, and SanjayJ Patel

42 MOPED: Accelerating Data Communicationon Future CM Ps

funli Gu, Yihe Sun, StevenS. Lumetta, and RakeshKumar

51 Physical Synthesis with Clock-NetworkOptimization tor Large Systems on ChipsDavid Papa, Natarajan Viswanathan, Cliff Sze,Zhuo Li,Gi-foon Nam, CharlesAlpert, and Igor 1. Markov

63 Attaining Single-Chip, High-Performance Computingthrough 3D Systems with Active Cooling

AyseK Coskun,fie Meng, David Atienza,and Mohamed M Sabry

Departments2 From the Editor in Chiet

Big Chips and Beyond

74 ProlegomenaWhat GPU Computing Means for High-End Systems

80 Micro EconomicsAn Honest Policy Wonk

Compurer Society Information, p. 1Advertising/Product Index, p. 29

COV" artwork by Peter Nagypeternagy@earthiink.net

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IN THIS ISSUE

16Guest Editors'Introduction

Social Networkingin the EnterpñseSun;1 M;thas, Thomas Costello,and AIi Taft;

18Motivations forSocial ComputingV;shal Sachdev

Organizations tryingto leveragethe socialcomputing phenomenonin their enterprises mustmotivate knowledgeworkers to contributeand share knowledge.A new framework fordesigning interfaces helpsdetermine which featureswill motivate users tocontribute.

24Social Networkingin KnowledgeManagementStephen Andersonand Kannan Mohan

Can enterprises useWeb 2.0 technologiesto improve the outputof knowledge workers?A study of four knowledge-intensive firms offersinsight into their use ofsocial networking forknowledge managementand the challenges itpresents.

29SuperchargingEnterprise 2.0Konstantinos Chr;st;d;s,

Gregor;s Mentzas,

and O;m;tr;s Apostolou

Semantic and linked-data technologies arekey to leveraging Enter-prise 2.0. Integratingsuch technologies intoa mainstream contentmanagement systemcan bring relevantinformation to employees,encourage innovation,and increase businessperformance.

36Foreign-Born ITWorkers in the US:Complements,not SubstitutesHenry C. Lucas, Jr.and Sunil M;thas

A study of over 50,000IT professionals sugg-ests that efforts torestrict the numbersof skilled foreign profes-sionals working in theUS and foreign studentsseeking higher educationin US universities arecounterproductive.

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41 46Business Investmentsin IT:ManagingIntegration RisksChrisAsakiewicz

Sharing MedicalRecords: The XDSArchitecture andCommunicationInfrastructureRita Noumeir

Organizations investhundreds of millions ofdollars in IT infrastructureand applications to reducecosts and enhance pro-ductivity. Benefiting fromsuch investments requiresidentifying and mitigatingintegration risks associatedwith IT-enabled business-process changes.

Learn how the Cross-Enterprise DocumentSharing (XDS) integrationprofile helped provide theinteroperability neces-sary to deploy electronichealth records, givinghealthcare providers ac-cess to medical recordsregardless of location orinstitution.

COLUMNSAND DEPARTMENTS

4 From the Editors

Physical Presencethrough Virtual WorldsIrenaBojanova

6 Trends

Ender Wiggin Played Mafia Wars TooPhil/ip A. Laplante

9 Insecure IT

Vetting Mobile AppsSteveauirolgico,Jeffrey Voas,andRick Kuhn

12Smart IT

Toward a User-Centric Digital EcosystemMi/eCo"igan and H. Gilbert Mil/er

53 IT in Emerging MarketsConnecting the Next Billion:Empowering Rural IndiaAshok Jhunjhunwala and Janani Rangarajan

56 PerspectivesThe Evolution of Ubiquitously IntelligentComputingGeorgeHurlburtandJeffrey Voas

64 CIOComerSocial Media for the CollaborativeEnterpriseBeverly Prohaska

35 IEEECS Ihformation

55 Advertiser Index

:;'~~::.Calls for Papers: Mobile Health Technologies;IT in Emerging Markets

On the Web: compute¡-,o¡-g/itpl'oFor more information on computing topics, visit the ComputerSociety Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.

JULv/AUGUST 2011VOLUME9, NUMBER4

IEEE

PRIVACYBUILDING DEPENDABILlTY, RELlABILlTY, AND TRUST

Toward Scalable TrustworthyComputing Using the Human-Physiology-Immunity MetaphorLEE HIVELY, FREDERICKSHELDON,

AND ANNA ÜNZIA SQUICCIARINI

FeaturesTrustworthy Computing

14

Achieving scalable trustworthy computing is

possible through real-time knowledge-based

decisions about cybertrust. This vision is based

on the human-physio/ogy-immunity metaphor

and the human brain's ability to extract

knowledge from data and information.

Intrusion-Tolerant Systems

24

Ethics

32

COVERARTWORKBYGlACOMOMARCHESI.WWW.GIACOMOMARCHESI.COM

A Comparison of Intrusion-TolerantSystem Architectures

QUYENL. NGUYENAND ARUN SOOD

With the advancing sophistication of security 41attacks, protecting open systems is increasingly

challenging. Intrusion tolerance should be

part of overall in-depth security. This article

compares three types of intrusion-tolerant system

architectures.

Threat Modeling

Developer-DrivenThreat Modeling:Lessons,Learnedin the TrenchesDANNYDHILLON

This article describes EMe's real-world

experiences with threat modeling, including

major challenges encountered, lessons learned,

and a description of the company's current

developer-driven approach..

Building an ActiveComputer Security Ethics CommunityDAVID DITTRICH,MICHAELBAILEY,AND SVENDIETRICH

In spite of significant ethical challenges faced

by researchers evaluating modern threats, the

computer security field has yet to grow its own

active ethics community to describe and evaluate

the ethical implications of its work.For moro information on computing tapies,

visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.

Postmaster: Send undelivered copies and address changes to IEEESecurity & Privacy, Membership Processing Dept., IEEEService Center, 445 Hoes lane, Pisca-taway. NJ 08854-4141. Periodicals postage rate paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian GST #125634188. Canada Post PublicationsMaU Agreement Number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to PO Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON l2E 6S8. Printed in the USA. Circulatlon: IEEESecurlly & Privacy(ISSN 1540-7993) is published bimonthly by the IEEEComputer Society.IEEE Headquarters, Three ParkAve., 17th Floor. NewYork, NY 10016-5997; IEEEComputer Society Publications Office, 10662 los Vaqueros Cirele, los Alamitos. CA 90720-1314, phone +1 714821 8380; IEEEComputer SocietyHeadquarters, 2001 l St., Sle. 700, Washington, D.e. 20036. 5ubscription rates: IEEEComputer Sociely members get the lowesl rates and choice of mediaoption-S31/61/965 US memberlsister society/nonmember institutional print + online. Go to www.eomputer.org/subseribe to order and tor more intormationon other subseription prices. Baekissues: $20 tor members and $161 tor nonmembers. IEEESecurity & Privacy iseopublished by the IEEEComputer and ReliabilitySocieties. For more intormation on eomputing topies, visit the Computer Society Digitallibrary at www.computer.org/csdl.

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DepartmentsFrom the Editors

3 ADoctrinalThesisFRED B. SCHNEIDER AND DElRDRE K. MUlllGAN

News

6 News Briefs

LEE GARBER

Interview

9 SilverBulletTalkswithjohn SavageGARY MCGRAW

Education

48 Embracingthe Kobayashi Maru: Why YouShould Teach Your Students to Cheat

GREGORY CONTI AND IAMES CAROLAND

On the Horizon

52 Trust Managementin the PervasiveComputing EraDENIS TRéEK

Privacy Interests

56 Was Stuxnet an Act of War?

Decoding a CyberattackDAVID P. FIDLER

Crypto Corner

60 Room at the Bottom: Authenticated

Encryption on Slow Legacy NetworksSEAN W. SMITH

ColumnsFor Good Measure

85 AttackSurfaceInflationDANIEL E. GEER IR.

ClearText

88 EisenhowerRevisitedDANIEL E. GEER IR.

SECURE SYSTEMS, P. 71

BasicTraining

64 Securityas if People MatteredTARA WHALEN

Attack Trends

68 Mobile Attacks and Defense

CHARLlE MILLER

Secure Systems

71 A Failure-Based Discipline

of Trustworthy Information SystemsMICHAELE. LOCASTO AND MATTHEW C. LITTLE

Security & Privacy Economics

76 Reading:From Paper to PixelsMICHAEL LESK

Building Security In

80 Resilient Security Architecture:A Complementary Approachto Reducing VulnerabilitiesIOHN DIAMANT

13,51677886

Calls for PapersIEEE Computer SocietyInformationIEEEReliability Society InformationAdvertiser Index

IEEE--

VOLUME3 NUMBER3

FAll 2011

- .- -----~ ~-- -_.~

IEEE

IntelligentTransportationSystems_FEATURES

6 The Attentive Co-Pilot:Towardsa ProactiveBiologically-InspiredAdvanced DriverAssistance SystemThomas Mlchalke and Robert Kastner

24 Modeling Dynamic3D Environmentsby Means 01The StixelWorldDavid Pfeiffer and Uwe Franke

DEPARTMENTS & COLUMNS

2 EDITOR'SCOLUMN4 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

38 ITS EVENTS41 SOCIETY NEWS

44 BOOK REVIEW46 CALENDAR

Digital Objectldenti!ier 10.1109/MITS.20//. 941909

Date ofpublication: 19Angust2011

IEEEINTELlIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMSMAGAZINE

IFALL 2011

VOLUME3 NUMBER3

FALL2011

....

ON THECOVER:ClSTOCKPHOTO.COMINARVIKK

IEEE Inte/ligent Transportation SystemsMagazine (ISSN 1939-1390) (IITSBO) ispublished quarterly by The Institute ofElecbicaI and Electronics Engineers, !nc.Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 171h Floor,New York,NY 10016-5997,USA+1 2124197900. Responsibility for Ihe contents restsupon Ihe aulhors and not upon Ihe IEEE,the Society, or its members. The maga-zine is a membership benefit of Ihe IEEE!ntelligent 1ransportation Systems Society,and subscriptions are included in Societyfee. Replacement copies for members areavailable for $20 (one copy only). Nonmem-bers can purchase individual copies for$94.00. Nonmember subscription pricesare available on request. Copyright andReprint Permissions: Abstracting is permit-ted wilh credit to Ihe source. Libraries arepermiued to photocopy beyond Ihe limitsof the U.S. Copyright law for private useof patrons: 1) Ihose post-1977 arUeles Ihatcarry acode at Ihe bottom of Ihe first page,provided Ihe per-copy fee indicated in Ihecode is paid through Ihe Copyright Clear-ance Center, 222 RosewoodDrive, Danvers,MA 01970, USA;and 2) pre-1978 articleswilhout fee. For olher copying, reprint, orrepublication permission, write to: Copy-rights and Permissions Department, IEEEService Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PiscatawayNJ 08854 U.S.A.Copyright @2011 by TheInstitute of Elecbical and Electronics Engi-neers, !nc. All rights reserved. PeriodicaIspostage pending. Posbnaster: Send addresschanges to IEEE Intelligent 1hmsportationSystems Magazine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.Canadian GST#125634188 Prinled in USA

SCOPE-IEEE Inte/ligent TransportationSystems Magazines publishes peer-reviewedarticles Ihat provide innovative researchideas and application results, report sig-nificant application case studies, and raiseawareness of pressing research and appli-cation challenges in all areas of intelli-gent transportation systems and generalinformation Ihat is relevant to Ihe IEEEIntelligent 1ransportation Systems Society,such as conference announcements, bookreviews, and ITS-related standards.

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jSUSTAlNABlE Promolir:ltSUIt8in,bI,FOOSm forlStMIIIIGtmIIIt

INITIATM _..sfiprogrlm.Ofg -=- -

fJULY/AUGUST 2011

i

AI's Hall of Fame

GPU-Based CloudComputing in ITS

Automated InteractiveSales. Pfocesses

..~

P U T T , NG A' , N T o P R A e T , e E

+IEE E ~co¡f¡puter. soclety

www.computer.org/intelligent

JULY/AUGUST 2011 Vo/ume 26, Number 4

I

IEEE Intelligent 5ystems pro vides peer-reviewed,

]

cutting-edge articles on the theory and application of systems

that perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently.

SocialComputingandCulturalModeling29 Guest Editors' Introduction

Rebecca Goolsby and Chandra Curtis

32 Why Do Users Employ the Same System in So Many Different Ways7Justin Fidock and Jennie Carroll

40

48Features

5462

Representation and Comprehension in Machine Translationand Intelligent Decision SupportRobert S. Bolia and Raymond E.Slyh

Spectral Regression with Low-Rank Approximation for DynamicGraph LinkPredictionChunsheng (Victor) Fang, Mojtaba Kohram, and Anca L.Ralescu

8

Fei-YueWangIntroduction

Edward FeigenbaumEngineeringKnowledgeJohn McCarthyLogicand CommonSense

Marvin MinskyCognitiveScienceandAI

91011

12

Postmaster: Send undelivered copies and addresschanges to IEEE Intelligent 5ystems, MembershipProcessing Dept., IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane,

Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141. Periodicals PostagePaid at New York, NY, and at additional mailingoffices. Canadian GST #125634188. Canada Post

Publications Mail Agreement Number 40013885.Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to 4960-2Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A 6J3. Printed in the USA.

Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educationalor personal use of this material is permitted without fee,provided such use 1) is not made for profit, 2) ineludesthis notice and a full citation to the original work on

Automated Interactive Sales ProcessesTomas Klos,Koye Somefun, and Han LaPoutré

Knowledge Consolidation and Inference in the IntegratedNeuro-Cognitive ArchitectureRichard J. Oentaryo and Michel Pasquier

Hallof Fame

567

Douglas Engelbart :Aland InteractiveComputingTim Berners-LeeCollectiveKnowledgeLotfi ZadehFuzzy Logic andComputationallntelligence

Noam ChomskyComputational Linguisticsand Cognitive Science

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Raj ReddyAl and SocietallmpactJudea PearlProbability, Causality,and IntelligenceNils J. NilssonProblem Solving andPlanning

15

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16

22

72

80

92

2 A Letter from the EditorFei-Yue Wang

A Question for AAAl: Does Al Need a Reboot?

News

Anteing up for PokerBotsUsingAl to Catch CriminalsAllmproves Robotic Sensors

Intelligent Transportation SystemsKaiWangand ZhenShenArtificial Societies and GPU-BasedCloud Computingfor lntelligent Transportation Management

Expert OpinionQingshiGaoand XiaoyuGaoA Theoretic System for Unified Linguistics: An lntroduction

Trends & Controversies

HsinchunChen,Judee K.Burgoon,DouglasC.Derrick,AaronElkins,AntonioSanfilippo,and LiamMcGrathSocial lntelligence and Cultural Awareness

Cyber-Physieal-Social SystemsZhong Liu, Dong-sheng Yang, Ding Wen, Wei-ming Zhang,

and Wenji Mao

Cyber-Physical-Social Systems for Command and Control

31

61

Adlndex

IEEEComputerSociety Information

SOCIAL.GOM~UTING&GULTURAkMODELlNG

] ~ ...... 11 r:JJ .. e11 !ti Dt:Jrf

Cover iIIustration: David Angel

Circulation: IEEEIntelligent Systems (l55N1541-1672)is publishedbimonthly bythe IEEEComputer 50ciety.IEEE Headquarters, ThreePark Ave., 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997; IEEE Computer50ciety Publications Office, 10662 Los Vaqueros Cirde, Los Alamitos,CA 90720-1314, phone +1 714821 8380; IEEE Computer 50cietyHeadquarters, 2001 L 5t., 5te. 700, Washington, D.C. 20036-4910.Subscription rates: IEEE Computer 50ciety members get thelowest subscription rate of U5$48 per year, which ineludes printedissues plus online access to all issues published since 1988. Go to

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AN AAAI SPONSORED .lOURNAL

Editor in ChlelFei-Yue Wang

ChineseAcademy01SciencesAssoclale Edltors In Chiel

HslnchunChenUniversity01Arizona

Daniel ZengUniversity01Arizona

Editor In Chlel EmerltusJamesHendler

RensselaerPolytechnicInstitutehendler@cs.rpLedu

EDITORIAL BOARD

RussBlaglo Allman EnrlcoMottaStanlord Universily OpenUniversilyRlchard Benjamlns NatashaNoy

TelelónicaR&D Stanlord UniversitySlIvla Coradeschl LynneParkerGrebroUniversity University01TennesseeUlrlch Furbach TerryPayne

University01Koblenz University01SouthamplonYolandaGil RaymondPerrault

University01Southern SRllnternationalCalilornia Alun PreeceAshok Goel Cardill University

GeorgiaInstitute DavidSkllllcorn01Technology Queen'sUniversityCanada

JamesV. Hansen AlessandroSperdutlBrighamYoungUniversity University01Padova,Italy

Robert R. Hoffman Steffen StaabInstitule lor Human UniversityKoblenz-Landau

and MachineCognition RonaldYagerSubbaraoKambhampatl lona CollegeArizonaSlateUniversity QlangYang

Hlroakl Kltano HongKongSonyComputerScience University01Science

Laboratories andTechnologyEe.PengLlm Junplng lhang

SingaporeManagement FudanUniversityUniversity HallhugeSeanLuke ChineseAcademy01Sciences

GeorgeMasonUniversity ChengqlnglongWenjl Mao NationalLab~r~toryo! Pattern

ChineseAcademy01Sciences RecogmtlOn,China

ADVISORY BOARD

James Hendler(chalr)RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute

RlchardJ. Ooyle PeterNorvlgJetPropulsionLab Google

OleterFensel DanielE.G'LearyUniversity01Innsbruck University

C.LeeGlles 01SouthernCaliforniaPennsylvaniaState NlgelShadbolt

Universily Universily01SouthamplonHaymHlrsh RudlStuder

RutgersUniversity University01KarlsruheErlcHorvltz WllllamR.Swartout

MicrosoftResearch UniversityRobertLaddaga 01SouthernCaliforniaBBNTechnologies AustlnTate

RlchardH.Lathrop University01EdinburghUniversity DavidL.Waltz

01Calilornia,Irvine ColumbiaUniversity

es MAGAZINEOPERATlONS eOMMITTEE

DoréeDuncanSeligmann(chair),ErikR. Allman, IsabelBeichl,KrishnenduChakrabarty,NigelDavies,SimonLiu,DejanMilojiéié,MichaelRabinovich,ForrestShull,

John R. Smith,GabrielTaubin,RonVetter,JohnViega,Fei-YueWang,Jeffrey R.Yost

es PUBUCATIONS BOARD

DavidA.Grier(chair),AlainApril,DavidBader,AngelaR.Burgess,Jim Cortada,HakanErdogmus,

Frank E.Ferrante, Jean-Luc Gaudiol, Paolo Montuschi,

DoréeDuncanSeligmann,Linda1.Shaler,SteveTanimoto,GeorgeThiruvathukal

fljRCS_8e~=THE BltITlSH COI,I'UTER SOCIETY

IEEE JULY/AUGUST2011

esof Computers

http://www.computer.org/dt

__~_"LJ-SlIecis/lssue111

IPIlJl-,asellJleee/e,al;,n"Sci,nlilil:C,n;I"in,

· DesigningCustomArithmeticDataPaths.High-LevelLanguagesforCFDSimulations· DataReorganizationandPrefetchingofDataStructures.End-to-EndToolFlowforScientificComputing

· CyberphysicalSystems:WorkloadModelingandDesignOptimization

IEEE ter~comp~oclety Q

CAS

+IEEE '....

.'~

'~;

Special Issue

6 G uest Editors' Introduction:Surveying the Landscape

01 FPGA Accelerator ResearchGeorge A. Constantinidesand Nicola Nicolici

Copublished by the

IEEEComputer Society

and the IEEECircuits and

Systems Society

18

28

38

48

8 Numerical Data Representa.tions lor FPGA.Based

Scientilic ComputingGeorge A. Constantinides,Adam B. Kinsman, and Nicola Nicolici

Designing CustomArithmetic Data Paths

with FloPoCoFlorent de Dinechin and Bogdan Pasca

High.Level Languages, and Floating.Point

Arithmetic lor FPGA.BasedCFD SimulationsDiego Sanchez-Roman, Gustavo Sutter,Sergio Lopez-Buedo, Ivan Gonzalez,FranciscoJ Gomez-Arribas,Javier Aracil,and Francisco Palacios

Data Reorganization andPreletching 01 Pointer-

Based Data StructuresJoonseokParkand PedroC.Diniz

FPGA.Based ParticleRecognition in the HADES

ExperimentMingLui,ZhonghaiLu, WolfgangKilhn,and Axel Jantsch

58

68

July/August 2011Volume 28 Number 4

http://www .computer .org/dt

Computational MassSpectrometry in a

Reconligurable CoherentCoprocessing ArchitectureDevi Sravanthi Yalamarthy,Joel Coburn,Glen Edwards, Mark Kelly, -and Rajesh K Gupta

An End.to.End Tool Flowlor FPGA.Accelerated

Scientilic ComputingGreg Stitt, Alan George, Herman Lam,Melissa Smith, Vikas Agganval,Gongyu Wang, James Coole,Casey Reardon, Brian Holland,and Seth Koehler

Other Features

78

88

CYberphysical Systems:Workload Modeling

and Design OptimizationPaul Bogdan and Radu Marculescu

$ peeding Up Emulation.Based Diagnosis

Techniques lor Logic CoresShyue-KungLu, Yin-MouChen,Shi-}ÚHuang,and Cheng-WenWu

ISSN0740-7475

I lI

¡ '.

Tf-1E IBM PC30- YEAR

RETROSP~ECTIVE

CS ELECTION CANDIDATES, P.65

IEEE PRESIDENT-ELECT CANDIDATES, P. 75

IEEE ter~comp~oClety

U1.....:zL.IJ.....:zeu

Coiñcompo,.,p,oüle rI;!w. eom puter. org leo mpu ter

CDVERFEATURES

19[j

A Personal History of theIBMPCDavid BradleyThe development of the IBMPCwas anexciting time-a brand-new design, a shortdesign schedule, and lots of things to gowrong. An insider recalls the things thathappened, the problems solved, and theinteresting adventures along the way.

26[j

IBMPC Retrospective:There Was Enough Right toMake It WorkGreg GothMark Dean, a participant in the originallBM PCdesign team, looks back 30 years to review theevents that led to the design of a very "un-IBM"computer-a small device that used hardwareand software from outside vendors and madethe logic and BIOScode available to anybody.

34 The IBMPersonal Computer:A Software-Driven MarketEdward Bride

Instead of designing the fastest or mostpowerful computing platform based on newtechnology, IBMchose the fastest path tomarket, creating its product from alreadyavailable parts and signing up with acommunity of independent software vendorsto provide the operating system, tools, and alibrary of applications.

ABDUTTHISISSUE

1t's been 30 years since the first IBMPC changedcomputing history. We in the computer industry

have a notoriously short collective memory, but nowand again it's wise to take a look back, to honor the pio-neers for their contributions, and also to see wheredecisions made a long time ago still resonate today. Inthis issue, IBMersDave Bradley and Mark Dean give theinside story of the creation of the IBMPC,Edward Bridediscusses early PC software, and Intel's Gurbir Singhtalks about the chips inside.

O See www.computer.org/computer-multimedia for multimedia contentrelated to the features in this issue.

40[j

The IBMpc: The Silicon StoryGurbir SinghThe longevity of the IBMPCarchitecture, whichhas had an enormous impact on the evolution ofboth personal computers and server systems,can be attributed largely to its backwardcompatibility with existing softwareapplications.

CDMPUTINGPRACTICES

46 Remote Display Solutions forMobile Cloud ComputingPieter Simoens, Filip De Turck, Bart Dhoedt,and Piet Demeester

Proposed optimization techniques address themajor challenges that varying wireless channel

, conditions, short battery lifetime, and: interaction latency pose for the remote displayof cloud applications on mobile devices.

PERSPECTIVES

55 Using MathematicalModeling in Provisioninga Heterogeneous CloudComputing EnvironmentSungkap Veo and Hsien-Hsin S. LeeMathematical models demonstrate that toachieve optimal performance in aheterogeneous cloud infrastructure, the slowestnode's response time should be no more thanthree times that of the fastest node.

For more information on computing topies, visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/csdl.

IEEE(omputerSociety:http://computer.org(omputer:http://computer.org/computercomputer@computer.orgIEEE(omputerSocietyPublicationsOffice:+1 7148218380

Flagship Publica tia n af the IEEECamputer Saciety

August 2011, Volume 44, Number 8 11

6 The Known WorldThe Chicken BusDavid Alan Grier

9 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,August 1979 and 1995Neville Holmes

11 Patent LawTenThingsto KnowWhenYourPatentApplication15PendingBrianM. Gatfand Catherine J. Toppin

NEWS13 Technology News

OpenFlow:The Next Generationof the Network?

Steven J.Vaughan-Nichols

16 News Briefs

MEMBERSHIPNEWS63 Fromthe Presidents of

the IEEEComputer Societyand ACM

6S IEEEComputer SocietyElection

7S IEEEPresident-ElectCandidates

81 Call and Calendar

COLUMNS

93 Entertainment ComputingStereoscopic Technologies and Effects

John Bryant and Jason Bay

96 Software TechnologiesKnowledge Representation and Reasoning forIntelligent Software SystemsEmil Vassev and Mike Hinchey

100 Invisible ComputingInteractiveComputingon Wheels

Manfred Tscheligi, Alexander Meschtscherjakov,and David Wilfinger

103 Discovery AnalyticsUsingDataMining to Help Design SustainableProducts

Manish Marwah, Amip Shah, Cullen Bash,Chandrakant Patel, and Naren Ramakrishnan

107 EducationToward Developing an Education App StoreCharles Severance

112 The ProfessionThe Cultural Potential of KeyboardsNeville Holmes

OEPARTMENTS4

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~. ..-..-.--.

SEPTEMBER2011

VOLUME 6 NUMBER 3

www.vtsociety.org

~IJ Ir

c/Electric CarsHerefaSfay

(~C>~)WIRELESS WORLD

RESEARCII FORU,",

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SEPTEMBER 2011

VOLUME 6 NUMBER 3

www.vtsociety.org

ECOGEM: A EuropeanFramework-7 Project,pp. 22-26

W'RELESS W «f=~'1I1E.uC~~~~IJM

WWRF SpecialSection,pp. 52-98

Maximum Permissible

Rail Potential,pp. 99-105

FEA TURES

22 ECOGEM:A European Framework-7 ProjectToward Cooperative and Intelligent Optimization of Travel

Planning and Energy Saving for Drivers of Fully Electric Vehicles

Jianmin Jiang, James Charles, and Konstantinos Demestichas

27 Impact of Mounting Blocks 00 DrivabilityStudy on an Electric VehicleBenjaminEl/erand Jean-Fran~oisHetet

34 CarInteriorNoiseSound Quality Analysis Using Design of ExperimentShumingChenandDengfengWang

43 Toward Realistic Simulatioo ofIntervehicle CommunicatiooModels, Techniques, and PitfallsFalkoDressler,ChristophSommer,DavidEckhoff,and OzanK Tonguz

52 OpportunisticNetworksAn Approach for Exploiting Cognitive Radio NetworkingTechnologies in the Future InternetVera Stavroulak~ Kostas Tsagkaris, Marios Logothetis, Andreas Georgakopoulos,Panagiotis Demestichas, Jens Gebert, and MarÓn Filo

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60 A Novel Modulatio~:Sensing MethodRemedy for Uncertainty Around the

Practical Use of Cognitive Radio Technology

Jide Julius Popoola and Rex van Olst

70 KeepingIdeotity PrivateEstablishing Trust in the Physical andDigital World for Identity Management SystemsJosephK Adjei andHenningOlesen

80 Social Unk AppA New Communication Paradigm Empowering Mobile UsersKlausDavid,SianLunLau,and Bemd NiklasKlein

Digilal Objeclldenlifier 10. 1109/MVf.2011.941886

Cover image credit-@ istockphotos.com/pagadesign

1111SEPTEMBER2011 I IEEEVEHICULARTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE

~/Ef!.. SOLlO-sTATE

CIRCUI- ~MAtiALINE.

SUMMER2011VOL.3 .NO. 3

www.ieee.org/sscs-news

FEA TURES

8 TheMakingofthe President,1999For Kenneth Laker, a synergy betweencareer and IEEEservice.

By KennethR. Laker

17 High QualityKen Laker's pioneering researchon surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters.By PaulH. Carr

20 The Right stuffA visionary IEEEvolunteerand inspiring role model.ByJanVan der Spiegel

24 A Resonant InfluenceKen Laker's impact on his field,his students, and IEEE.

By T.R. Viswanathan

Digita/ Objecl/denlifier 1O.1l09/MSSC.2011.941616

- ---

ABOUT THIS IMAGE:The 1999 IEEEBoard of Directors. Find out who sat on the board in

"The Making of the President, 1999."

COLUMNS/DEPARTMENTS

3 CONTRIBUTORS:4 EDITOR'SNOTE5 LETTERS

6 ASSOCIATEEDITOR'SVIEW28 PEOPLE34 CHAPTERS41 SOCIETYNEWS

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CONTENTS

SPECIALSECTION-SIGNALPROCESSINGFORFINANCIALAPPLlCATIONS

14 FROM THE GUEST EDITORS

IIya Pollak, Marco Avellaneda,

Emmanuel Bacry, Rama Cont,

and Sanjeev Kulkarni

61 PORTFOUO RISK IN MULTIPLEFREQUENCIESMustafaU.Torun, AliN.Akansu,andMarcoAvellaneda

16 STATISTICALMODEUNGOF HIGH-FREQUENCYFINANCIAL DATARama Cont

12 TIME-SERIES MODELSOF DYNAMIC VOLATlUTYAND CORRELATlONDavidS. Mattesonand DavidRuppert

26 THE SCIENCE BEHIND RISKMANAGEMENT

Douglas E. lohnston andPetar M. Djurié

83 BUSINESSANALYTICS BASEDON FINANCIAL TIME SERIESKush R.VarshneyandAleksandraMojsilovié

37 MULTlFAaOR MODELSEmmanuelle lay, Patrick Duvaut,Serge Darolles, and Arnaud Chrétien

FEATURE

49 A SUBSPACEAPPROACHTO PORTFOUO ANALYSISGirish Ganesan

94 AESTHETlCS ANDEMOTlONS IN IMAGESDhiraj loshi, Ritendra Datta,Elena Fedorovskaya,Quang-TuanLuong, lames Z.Wang,lia Li, andlieboLuo

COVER CGET1YIMAGE5IPHOTOSINDIACOLUMNS

2 FROM THE EDITORNew Honor; New Initiatives,and New Impact To ComeLi Deng

6 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGESPS Publications Excel

Mostafa (Mos) Kaveh

8 SPECIAL REPORTSSignal Processing: The Driving.ForceBehind Smarter; Sater; and MereConnectedVehicles .

John Edwards

SCOPE: IEEE Signal Prrxessing Magazine publishes tutorial-style articles on signol processing research and applications, as well as

columns and forums on issues of interes!. lis coverage ranges from fundamental principies lo practica! implementation, reflecting

Ihe multidimensionaI facets of interests and concerns of Ihe community. 115 mission is lo bring up-to-date, emerging and active

technical developmenls, issues, and events to Ihe research, educational, and professional communities. It is also Ihe main Societycommunication platform addressing important issues conceming all members.

IEEESIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE (lSSN 1053-5888) (lSPREG)ispublishedbimonthlybythe InstituteofElectricalandElectronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Flcor, NewYork,NY 10016-5997 USA(+1 2124197900). Responsibility for thecontenls rests upon the authors and not the IEEE, the Society, or ils members. Annual member subscriptions included inSociety fee. Nonmember subscriptions avaHable upon reques!. Individual copies: IEEE Members $20.00 (first copy only), non-members $141.00 per copy. Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted wilh credit to Ihe source. Libraries arepermitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. Copyright Law for private use of patrons: 1) those post-1977 articles thatcarry acode at the bottom of Ihe first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through Ihe CopyrightClearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923 USA;2) pre-1978 articles wilhout fee. Instructors are permitted tophotocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. For all other copying, reprint, or republication per-mission, write to IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08854 USA.Copyright@201l by the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers, Inc. AlI righls reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY,and at additional mailing offices.Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.Canadian GST#125634188Printed in the U.S.A.

Digilal Objeclldentifier 10.1l09/MSP.201l.941504 ~Certified Chain of Cust

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116 APPUCATlONS CORNERFinancial Applications otNonextensive EntropyNikolaGradojevicand Ramazan Gen~y

122 DSP EDUCATIONIncorporating FinancialApplicationsin Signal Processing CurriculaIIyaPollak

126 LEauRE NOTESSpeech Recognition, MachineTranslation, and SpeechTranslation-A Unitied DiscriminativeLeaming ParadigmXiaodongHe and Li Deng

134 DSPTlPS & TRICKSA Simple Algorithm torFitting a Gaussian FunctionHongwei Guo

138 BESTOF THE WEBTechWare:FinancialDataandAnalytic ResourcesXiao-Ping (Steven) Zhangand David Kedmey

142 BOOK REVIEWSSteganographyin DigitalMedia:Principies,Algorithms, andApplicationsMauro Barni

Sparse Image and Signal Processing:Wavelets, Curvelets, MorphologicalDiversityMichael B. Wakin

Statistics and Data Analysistor Financial EngineeringIIya Pollak

160 IN THE SPOTUGHT

"Trends" Expert Overview SessionsRevived at ICASSP 2011

A11e-lanvan der Veen and Jose C. Principe

Audio and Acoustic Signal ProcessingMalcolm Slaney and Patrick A.Naylor

Signal Processing tor Networkingand CommunicationsShuguang (Robert) Cui, RobertW. Heath lr., and Geert Leus

Signal Processing Theory and MethodsA.M.Zoubir, V.Krishnamurthy,and A.H. Sayed

Sensor Array and MultichannelSignal ProcessingJian Li,Brian M.Sadler,and MatsViberg

DEPARTMENT

IEEESIGNAlPROCESSINGMAGAZINE [1] SEPTEMBER2011

148 DATESAHEAD

.;"Ef!.. '50LlO-sTATE

CIRCUI-SUMMER2011

VOL. 3 .NO. 3

www.ieee.org/sscs-news-J"OMAriÁilNE

FEA TURES

8 The Making of the President, 1999For Kenneth Laker, a synergy betweencareer and IEEEservice.

By KennethR. Laker

17 HighQualityKen Laker's pioneering researchon surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters.

By Paul H. Carr

20 The Right stuffA visionary IEEEvolunteerand inspiring role model.ByJanVan der Spiegel

24 A ResonantInfluenteKen Laker's impact on his field,his students, and IEEE.

By T.R. Viswanathan

Digita/ Object Identifier 1O.1l09/MSSC.20J1.941616

-----

A80UT THIS lMAGE:The 1999 IEEEBoard of Directors. Find out who sat on the board in

HThe Making of the President, 1999.H

COLUMNS/DEPARTMENTS3 CONTRIBUTORS:4 EDITOR'S NOTE

5 LETTERS

6 ASSOCIATEEDITOR'SVIEW

28 PEOPLE

34 CHAPTERS

41 SOCIETY NEWS

45 IEEENEWS

48 CONFERENCEREPORTS

54 CALENDAR

56 FOOTER

IEEESOLlD.STATECIRCUlTSMAGAZINE f SUMMER2011 1

Vol.18, No.3 September 2011ISSN1070-9932http://www.ieee-ras.org/ram

r~.. .~ MAGAZINE

EnsuringCorrectBehavior

¡

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Formal Methods for Hardwareand Software Systems

Vol.18, No.3 September 2011ISSN1070-9932http://www.ieee-ras.org/ram

FEATURES.24 RoboticSurgery

FormalVerificationof PlansBy Riccardo Muradore, Davide Bresolin, Luca Geretti,Paolo Fiorini, and Tiziano Villa

33 HybridSystems in RoboticsTowardReachability-BasedControllerDesignBy Jerry Ding, Jeremy H. Gillula, Haomiao Huang,Michael P. Vitus, Wei Zhang, and Claire J. Tomlin

44 Semiautonomous Multivehicle SafetyA HybridControlApproachByRajeevVermaandDomitillaDelVecchio

55 Motion Planning with Complex GoalsA MultilayeredSynergisticApproachBy Amit Bhatia, Matthew R. Maly, Lydia E. Kavraki, and Moshe Y. Vardi

65 Corred. Reamve, High-LevelRobot ControlMitigatingthe StateExplosionProblemofTemporal LogicSynthesisBy Hadas Kress-Gazit, Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn, and Ufuk Topcu

75 Automatic Deployment of Robotic TeamsAnAutomataTheoretic ApproachByXu Chu Ding, Marius Kloetzer,Yushan Chen, and Calin Belta

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The cover shows one of VisLab

autonomous cars in Ufa. The

fui] story of this vehicle and its

joumey from Italy to China can

be found on p. 120.

87 Automatic Sequencing of Ballet PosesA FormalApproachto PhraseGenerationByAmyLaViers,yushanChen,CalinBelta,andMagnusEgerstedt

96 AThree-DoFActUatedRobotA MinimalTensegrityConfigurationBy Josep M. Mirats- Tur and Josep Camps

104 A Mosaic of EyesForWireless Navigation and Control of Mobile RobotsByPing Jiang,Zuren Feng,Yongqiang Cheng, Yuanxiang Ji, Jin Zhu,Xiaonian Wang, Feng Tian, John Baruch, and Fun Hu

C> COVER PHOTO BY OlGA ANDRYUKHINA

Digital Object Identlfter 10.1 109/MRA.20JI.942123

SEPTEMBER 2011 . IEEEROBOllCS&AUTOMATIONMAGAZINE . 1

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Vol~~: 10,Number3 . July-September2011

UBIGlUITOUS SVSTEMS

..

- ---.

Automotive PervasiveComputing

IEEE~computer

socletywww.computer.orglpervasive

Departments2

52

54

80

84

From the Editor in ChiefBlurring the Disciplinary BoundariesNigel Davies

4 SmartphonesNear Field CommunicationRoyWant

8 Pervasive HealthPervasive Healthcare 2010: Two PerspectivesAnind K. Deyand Deborah Estrin

VVorksinProgressSupport for Context,Aware PervasiveComputing EnvironmentsAntti Oulasvirta, Tero Hasu, Mario Muñoz-Organero,Athanasios Plessas, VassiliosStefanis, john Garofalakis,and Andreas Komninos

Experimental MethodologyExperimental Technology inEmotion,Oriented ComputingElisabeth André

Conferences

Mobile Computing Systems and ApplicationsNicholasSkehinand jaewooChung

Education & TrainingTo Support and Defend: A SpiritedEngineering CompetitionGrant jacoby and Kurt Keville

7 Advertising Index

51 IEEEComputer Society Member Information

EDITOR IN CHIEFNlgel Davles

Lancaster Universitynigel@comp.lancs.ac.uk

ASSOCIATE EDITORS IN CHIEFRamón Cáceres Albrecht Schmldt

AT&TLabs UniversityofMarla R. Ebllng Duisberg-Essen

IBMTJWatson Research Joseph ParadlsoCenter MIT

Paul LukowlczUniversity

of PassauGermany

EDITORIN CHIEFEMERITIRoy Want

GoogleM. Satyanarayanan

Carnegie MellonUniversity

EDITORIALBOARD

Mary Baker Jason HongHewlett-PackardLabs Carnegie Mellon

Tucker Balch UniversityGeorgia Inst. Anthony Joseph

of Technology UCBerkeleyJohn Canny Tlm KlndbergUCBerkeley Matter 2 Media Ltd.

Eyal de Lara James LandayUniversity Universityof Toronto of Washington

Anlnd Dey Natalla MarmasseCarnegie Mellon Google

University Scott MldklffDeborah Estrln VirginiaTech

UCLA Kenton O'HaraHans Gellersen CSIRO

La~cas~er Bernt SchleleUmverslty MPllnformatics

Su~1 H,;lal Rahul SukthankarUmver~lty Intel Researchof Flonda Pittsburgh

ADVISORYBOARDM. Satyanarayanan (chalr)

Carnegie MellonUniversityGaetano Borrlello

Universityof Washington

and Intel Research Seattle

Daniel SlewlorekCarnegie Mellon University

Roy WantGoogle

CS MAGAZINEOPERATlONS COMMITTEE

Dorée Duncan Seligmann (chair),Erik Altman, Isabel Beichl,

Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Nigel Davies,Simon Liu, Dejan Milojicié,

Michael Rabinovich, Forrest Shull,John R. Smith, Gabriel Taubin, Ron Vetter,John Viega, Fei-Yue Wang, )effrey R. Yost

CS PUBLlCATIONS BOARDDavid A. Grier (chair), Alain April,

David Bader, Angela R. Burgess, Jim Cortada,Hakan Erdogmus, Frank E. Ferrante,Jean-Luc Gaudiot, Paolo Montuschi,

Dorée Duncan Seligmann, Linda 1. Shafer,Steve Tanimoto, George Thiruvathukal

_ IEEE~ COMMUNICATIONS~ ~ SOCIETY

September2011 Volume5 Number3

TheEditor'sDesk

ONTHECOVER-Nanotechnologyisthebackbonelor

ellectivehealthmonitoringintheluture.

Digitnl Objeet Idmtifter lO.lI09/MNAN0.20II.941956

Far the 21st Century Technologists

4

U-HealthSDlanHODle 6Innovative solutions for the management

ofthe elderly and chronic diseases.NAZIMAGOULMINE, M. JAMAL DEEN,

JEONG-SOOLEE, AND M. MEYYAPPAN

InsulinDetecdon1201ClinicalPlasDlaSaDlPles

Development of a PDMS microfluidic system.ZHIKUN ZHAN, ZAILI DONG,AND STEVETUNG

. CarbOnNanotubes18lar OraanicSolarCells

Power conversion efficiency with aninterdigitated bulk heterojunctions structure.

GUANGYONGLI AND LlMING LlU

Low-COSlNanolilhouraphv25Illuminating new markets.

JOHN MAl, RUNG-YWANTSAI, AND CHIN-TIENYANG

SEPTEMBER2011 I IEEENANOTECHNOLOGYMAGAZINEI 1

.

.e BRAND x PICTURES, COMSTOCK

Q~ASIEEE Circuil. and Systems Magazine (1SSN1531~OCDMEN) Is publlshed quarterly by the Institute 01 El..,.trtcal and Electronlcs Englneers. Ine. Headquarters: 3Park Avenue.17th Aoor. NewYork. NY. 10016-5991USA.Responslbillty for the cantents rests upon the authors andnol upon the IEEE. the Soclety, or lis members. IEEE Ser-vlce Center (for arders. subscrlptlons. address changes):445 Hoes Lane, Plscalaway. NJ 08854 USA. Telephone:+1 732981 0060. +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: lEEEmembers $20.00 (fIrst copy only), nonmembers $128.00per copy; $7.00 per member per year Oncluded In Socletylee) for each member of the IEEEClrcuits and Systems Sed-ety. Subscriptioo rates available upon request. Copyrightud Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted withcredlt lo the source. Ubrarles are permlUed to photocopybeyond the limlts 01 the U.s. Copyright law for private use01 palrons: 1) those post-1977 artieles that carry acodeal the bottom al the first pase. provlded' the per-copy feeIndleated in the eode 15 pald through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. 222 Rosewood Drtve, Danvers. MA01923;and2) pre-1978 artleles wlthout fee. For other copylng, reprint,or republleatlon permlsslon, write to: Copyrlghts andPermisslons Department. IEEE Service Center, 445 HoesLane, Plseataway, NJ 08854 USA. Copyright @ 2011 by theInstitute of Electrieal and Electronlcs Englneers. Ine. AlIrights reserved. Perlodicals postage pald at New York, NY.and at addltlonal mailing olOees. PostmasIer. Send addressehanges to IEEEClrcuits and Systems Magazine, IEEEOper-atlons Center.445 Hoes Lane. Piseataway,NJ,088S4USA.Printed In U.S.A.

Digital ObjectIdentilier 1O.II09/MCAS.201l.942064

THIRD OUARTER 2011

10

26

38

CiiCuitsandSystem~

Volume 11,Number 3 Third Quarter 2011

TemporallyAdvanced Signal Detection:A Review of the Technology and PotentialApplicationsChrisM. Hymel,MalcolmH. Skolnick, RonA. Stubbers, and MichaelE.BrandtIn recent years.a physicalphenomenonreterred to as NegativeGroupDelay(NGD)or superluminal wave propagation has been implemented in electroniccircuitry and shown to temporally advance the detection of analog signals. Spe-cifically,the output of such a circuit precedes the complete detection of its inputas the group (and therefore time) delay through the circuit is negative. In thisarticle we describe the background and theory behind this phenomenon, discussits implementation in electronics and demonstrate a specific biomedical signalapplication(the humanECG).WediscusssomekeyNGDcircuitdesignconsider-ations/configurations and potential applications in which this technology couldoffset or eliminate entirely, closed loop control system delays.

Clock Jitter Effects on Sampling: A TutorialCarlos Azeredo-Leme

The effect of jitter in data converters is analyzed, with a focus on the frequencydomain treatment of the corresponding phase noise. The analysis is mostlyintuitive, to give the reader a good feeling for the mechanisms involved. 80thopen loop oscillators and phase locked loops are considered as clock sources.Several application examples are included to illustrate the concepts. Jitter self-referenced measurements are also covered with their relationships to jitter.

Nanoscale FinFET Based SRAM CellDesign: Analysis of Performance Metric,Process Variat~on, Underlapped FinFETand Temperatu..e EffectBalwinder Raj,A.K. Saxena,and s. DasguptaIn this paper the analysis of SNM. RNM. WNM and static power variation withwidth of access, load and driver are carried out for nanoscale FinFET basedSRAM cell. FinFET based SRAM design is proposed as an alternative solution tothe bulk devices. Further. the effect of process variation on the SRAM cell per-formance is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation on HSPICE.Two structuresof the FinFET viz. the standard PTM model and an underlapped FinFET are alsoused for the simulations. In this work we also analyze the effect of temperatureon noise margins and static power for FinFET based SRAMcell. FinFET is suitablefor future nanoscale memory circuits design due to its reduced Short ChannelEffects and leakage current.

IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE

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ctrumvolume 48. number 9 international

9.ll

COVER STORY

26 DIGITALRANDOMNESSIntel's latest random-numbergenerator is powered bythermal noise and couldgive developers a whole newsense of security.By Greg Tay/or & George Cox

30 BENEATHTHEICE5HEET5 .

A new kind of radar will helppolar researchers investigate thethick masses of ice that blanketGreenland and Antarctica.ByJohn Paden, David Braaten& Prasad Gogineni

COVER: CARL DETORRESTHIS FW3E. CLOCKWISE FROM TOf> PETER AOAMSlGETTY IMAGES:

SIMQN e FW3E: ABC PH07D ARCHIVESlGETTY IMAGES: CARL DETDRRES

38 THETERAHERTZFRONTIERNotoriously inaccessible,the terahertz region of theelectromagnetic spectrum finallyhas its first IC devices.

By Michae/ C. Wanke & Mark Lee

SPECTRUM.lEEE.ORG

44 THE PICTUREPHONE15HERE. REALLV.With 4G, interoperability, andnew compression schemes,we'll soon start using the video-phones already embedded in oursmartphones and tablets.By Thomas Wiegand& GaryJ.Su//ivan

SEPTEMBER2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . INT 1

IEEEAEROSPACE

andELECTRONICSYSTEMR August2011

ISSN0885-8985.. VolumeTwentyFiveMAGAZINENumberEight

+IEEE

Editor-in-Cbief - Teresa L. PaceAssoeiate Editor-in-Chief - Maria GrecoAdministrative Editor - David B. Dobson

Ass't. Admin.Editor - Susanne J. WalshVP Publieations - OpenAVP Publieations - W.Dale BlairTutorials Editor - Lance M. KaplanAESS President (20 11) - Marina Ruggieri

Associate Editors and Areas of SpecialtyTom Bowman - Ground Systems, Vision

Systems, EleetronicsShirley Cheng - GuidanceMauro De Sanctis - Space SystemsMaria Greco - Clutter Models, Radar Signal

Processing, Radar SystemsHaiying Liu - Fusion, Image Processing,

TrackingRao Mannepalli - Satellites, Modeling

and Simulation, EnergyIllir Progri - Position, Navigation, TimingRalph Teague - Sensors, Eleetro-Opties,

Radar

Peter Willett - Traeking, Fusion,Signal Proeessing

Haidong Yu - Eleetronies, Power,Transportation

Contributing EditorsAwards - Erwin C. GanglConferenees - Mark E. DavisEdueation - Steve E. Watkins

Ethies - OpenHistory - Henry Oman. Ron SchroerStandards - Richard HochbergTeehnieal Panels - Theodora Saunders

Website Updates - Judy ScharmannDistinguished Leeturers & Tutorials -

Iram Weinstein

How to Reacb Us

We welcome letters; we reserve the right

to edit for space, style, and elarity. Ineludeaddress and daytime phone number.E-mail: sjwalsh4@gmail.eomFax: 301/657-0209

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Information for publication andcontributions witbin tbe scope oftbe Society are solicited. Use the web-based submission system at: bttp://sysaes.msubmit.net. Guidelines may be found onthe banner at the top of the submissionhomepage under "Informationfor Authors."

IEEEAEROSPACE

andELECTRONIC SYSTEMR AUjlust2011

ISSN0885-8985a. VolumeTwentySixMAGAZINENumberEight

In This Issue - Technically o . . . . . 2

Columo

. From the Editor-in-Chief - T. Pace' . o o . . o o o o o . o o o . . . . 3

Articles

. Cassini Spacecraft Post-Launch Malfunction . o . . . . . . o . . . . 4Correction Success

PoS. Morgan

. Spacecraft Solar Array Technology Trends o o . o . . o o . . . . 17

P.A. Jones & B.R. Spence

. Intellectual Geographic Information System. . o o . o . . o . o . . 29

for Navigation Safety

V. Popovich, S. Vanurin, S. Kokh & V. Kuzyonny

. Radar and Electronic Warfare Cooperation: o o . . . . . . . . . . . 32How to Improve the System Efficiency

S. Kemkemian, M Nouvel-Piani & E. Chamouard

. Simulation of Radar Signal on Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,

Y.F. Lok, J. Wang & A. Palevsky

News & Ioformatioo

Autotestcon 2011 . . o o . . . o . 43

44

45

46

47

48

IEEE AESS Tutorials Available o

IEEE AESS Distinguished Lecturers & Tutorials

Future IEEE AES Transactions Reviewed & Accepted Contributionso

IEEE AESS Society Organization o

Membership Application. . . o o o

MeetingsCalendar . o . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . o . . . o . . . . Inside back cover

IEEE Antennas &Propagation

@ + IEEE MagazineVolume 53, No. 3, June 2011 www.ieeeaps.org (ISSN 1045-9243)

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270

9025

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Table of ContentsFeature Articles

New Development of Parallel Conformal FDTDMethod in Computational Electromagnetics EnglneeringWenhuaYu,XiaolingYang,YongjunUu,RajMittra,Dau-ChyrllChang,Chao-HsiangLiao,MutoAkira,WenxingU,andLeiZhao 15

MlnlatureMeander-Line DlpoleAntenna Arrays, Deslgned vla an Orthogonal-Array-lnltiallzedHybridParticle-Swarm OptimizerZikriBayraktar;DouglasH. Wemer;andPingjuanL.Wemer 42On the Use of U-Slots in the Deslgn of Dual-and Triple-Band Patch AntennasK F.Lee,K.M.Luk,K M.Mak,andS. L.S. Yang 60The MinlmumQfor Spheroldally Shaped Objects: Extenslon to Cylindrically Shaped Objectsand Comparison to Practical AntennasPederHansenandRicharrJAdams 75

A Quaslstatlc Antenna Deslgn Approach for Mlnlmum-QAntennasThomasO.Jones11I 84

Hlstorical and Planned Uses of Antenna Technology for Space-Bome Mlcrowave RadlometersDhavalPujara,S.B. Sharma,andS.B. Chakrabarty 95

An Old Tool and a New Challenge for Deplcting Antenna Array Radlatlon Pattems(belng also A Classroom Demonstration for the Principie of Wave Interference Underlying Antenna Array Theory)JuanR.Mosig 115Also in This Issue Departments (Confd)Correction.; 41 MeetingsandSymposia- Wasky 182ChangeofAddressor DeliveryProblems 41 ShortCourses- Wasky 184Trying to Interprret Modem Art as a Finite-Element Practiitioner 158 Report of Awards and Fellow Committee- 8alanis 188ReportonACES2011 168 EducationColumn- Kelley 192Deparbnents Hidden Word - Gardiol 197Editor's Comments- Stone 8 Intellectual Property and Patent Abstracts - Henderson 198Presidents Message - Salazar-Palma 8 TelecommunicationsHealthandSafety- Un 202Minutas of the AdCom Meeting - Tyo 126 Wireless Comer - Christodoulou and Rajo-Iglesias 204AP-S Chapter News - Shen 136 IEEE-USA 211AP-S Distinguished lecturer Program 138 AMTA Comer - Schneider and Kemp 212Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan 140 Report of the Transnational Committee- Jackson 222Measurements Comer - Fischer and laHaie 150 Historical Comer - Pefosi 226

EM Programmer's Notebook - Davidson 168 Testing Ourselves - Sevgi 231AP-STumstile- 8ansal 174 AntennaApplicationsComer- Rao and Kralovec 255EtCetera-AkgOI 176 EurAAPComer- Mosig 264

Cover: A comparison between the exact and Geometrical Optics (GO) solutions for the total fields diffracted by awedge with soft and hard boundary conditions (BC), for two different angles of incidence. See the contribution byFeray Haclvelioglu, Levent Sevgi, and Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev In the Testing Ourselves column.

Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Annada Terrace, San Diego, CA92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1 (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org.

The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSNI045-9243) is published bimonthly beginning in February of each year by theAntennas and Propagation Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. It is mailed at the end of the month ofissue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, +1 (732) 981-0060; Fax: +1 (732)981-9667; E-mail: customerservice@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Society fees is paid as the subscription price. TheMagazine is the successor publication 10 the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter. The Newsletter carried volumenumbers 1 through 31, ending with December, 1989; the Magazine began with volume number 32 in 1990. Institutional andnon-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society maysubscribe to the Magazine for $565 per year. Contact Customer Service at IEEE Headquarters.

Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Instruc10rs are permitted to photocopy isolatedarticles for noncornmercial classroom use without fee and with credit to the source, in accordance with the "fair use" doctrine ofUS andintemational copyright laws. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the copyright law for the private use of patrons1) those post-1977 articles that carry acode at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paidthrough the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 USA; and 2) pre-1978 articles without fee. Contact theEditor-in-Chief regarding reprinting by other IEEE publications and other publications. For all other copying, reprinting, conversioninto electronica1ly-readable forro. or republication permission, write 10 Copyrights and Permissions Department, IEEE Service Center,445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA. Copyright @2011 The Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., actingas agent and trustee for the Antennas and Propagation Society. AlI rights reserved. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at NewYork, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Antennas and Propagation Magazine AddressChange at the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA.

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 3, June 2011 3

IEEEENGINEERINGAGEMENT

REVIEW Volume 39 · Number 3Third Quarter

September 2011

Sustaining the Project

The ComingKnowledgeand CapabilityShortage 3

Leadership,BeyondProject Management 15

Project LeadershipSkillsin CooperativeProjects 23

Criticismand OutstandingLeadership:An Evaluationoí LeaderReactionsand CriticalOutcomes 34

Integrating LeadershipDevelopmentand SuccessionPlanningBest Practices ... 64

Groomingthe NextGeneration 82

Project Leadership:Getting It Right 88

Developingan IntegratedApproachto SystemSafetyEngineering 93

BeyondFrontiers oí TraditionalProject Management:AnApproachto Evolutionary,Self-OrganizationalPrincipiesandthe ComplexityTheory 110

AMultidimensionalModeloí Project Leadership 132

LeadershipDevelopmentand SuccessionPlanning 140

ExaminingEffectiveandIneffectiveTransíormationalProjectLeadership 148,

IneííectiveLeadership:Investigatingthe NegativeAttributesoíLeadersand OrganizationalNeutralizers 173

A Project ManagementModel 188

Editor: Wade H. Shaw

Dean and Kaolin Chair of Engineering

Mercer University

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