bologna process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

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Maria Kelo Senior Officer, ACA Amsterdam, 22 March 2007 Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

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Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?. Amsterdam, 22 March 2007. Maria Kelo Senior Officer, ACA. This presentation. Bologna aim: enhanced mobility Bologna impact on intra-European mobility Mobility between the US and Europe - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Maria KeloSenior Officer,

ACA

Amsterdam, 22 March 2007

Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or

insignificant?

Page 2: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

This presentation

• Bologna aim: enhanced mobility• Bologna impact on intra-

European mobility• Mobility between the US and

Europe• Beyond Bologna: impacts

coming from elsewhere

Page 3: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Bologna objective – enhanced mobility

• Harmonisation of degree structure more easily readable and comparable

• Introduction of a number of “tools” to facilitate mobility and to remove existing obstacles

• Facilitate employability across boarders

Create a borderless European higher education area

Page 4: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Bologna and intra-European mobility

• Too short time to assess the impact of the degree structure on mobility

• Picture further blurred by other factors influencing mobility flows

• Data collection is not adapted to measure mobility

Page 5: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Problems with data

• Measuring tool ‘passport’ captures foreign, not (necessarily) mobile students

• Available data do not differentiate between bachelors and masters level (ISCED 5A or ISCED 6 only)

• Official international data do not capture short term mobility

Usefulness for measuring Bologna impact on mobility?

Page 6: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Bologna and intra-European mobility (2)

• General fear: decreased horizontal mobility (or shorter periods of stay abroad) – especially DE

• No evidence available either way (too early, deficient data)

• Steps to be taken to ensure short-term mobility does not die out

Page 7: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Bologna and intra-European mobility (3)

• Little known about impact on vertical mobility

• Expected to increase such mobility (tools in place to facilitate this, without great negative side-effects)

Bologna may change the type of mobility that takes place

Page 8: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Bologna and intra-European mobility (4)

• hard to evaluate the weight of the degree structure in eventually changing mobility patterns

• Other tools come to count, but also independent reforms (e.g. ELTDPs)

• Motivations vary between levels and range from ‘fun and sun’ to employment prospects and research environment

Page 9: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Europe –US mobility

• Has the process had and is it expected to have a positive or negative impact?

• Or will it change the kind of mobility taking place (degree vs. credit mobility)?

Page 10: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Europe –US mobility (2)

• Main issue: recognition of 3-year bachelors

• BUT: admissions decentralised, and often ‘case-by-case’ (holistic approach)

• Degrees have never been entirely comparable what would really change?

Page 11: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Europe –US mobility (3)

• Council of Graduate Schools survey 2006– 18% of institutions do not accept

Bologna 3-year bachelor for PG study (down from 29% in 2005)

– 80% do not see it as an obstacle in itself

Page 12: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Europe –US mobility (4)

• Open Doors: data do not show changing trends in shares of PG vs. UG students

• UNESCO DATA: no distinction between the two levels

• No reliable and comparable data on short term mobility from Europe to the US

Page 13: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

US - Europe mobility

• Low numbers (about 27 000 in 2002/03 in 32 European countries) of degree mobile students

• Rather than Bologna, other reforms such as ELTD can perhaps increase such mobility

• Different motivations for study in Europe

Page 14: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

US - Europe mobility (2)

• Including short term mobility: about 200 000 in 2005/2006 (OD)

• 60% to Europe, 45% to top 4 destinations (UK, IT, ES, FR)

• Largest growth area exchanges of less than a semester (56% of the total)

• Only 6% of the total degree mobile

Relatively insignificant in terms of numbers and length of stay

Unlikely that such movement will depend on the new Bologna degree structure

Page 15: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

US - Europe mobility and Bologna -the ‘bottom line’• Recognition issues are nothing new:

Bologna might not solve all problems, but could make things even easier

• No evidence of big changes any direction; hard to attribute to Bologna

• Other drives likely to have a far greater impact (+ or -)

• Perhaps unnecessary and unjustified worry

Page 16: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Beyond Bologna

• Lisbon process-related reforms may increase Europe’s attractiveness

• increasing offer of programmes taught in English may encourage movement towards Europe

• Increasing interest in more ‘exotic’ destinations?

• Growing HE sector in China, India…

Page 17: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Beyond Bologna

• No proof to date regarding impact of Bologna on mobility, within Europe, or between Europe and the US

• Hard to say if mainly good or mainly bad, though perceptions seem to indicate the former

• Mobility flows are likely to depend more on other factors than Bologna reforms

Page 18: Bologna Process and mobility – good, bad, or insignificant?

Thank you!

www.aca-secretariat.be