bomb blast investigation training outline page 1

7/23/2019 Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline

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Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1

Instructors’ Training Curriculum Guide to:

A Guide to Explosion and Bombing Scene Investigation

Purpose and Scope:The purpose of this Training Curriculum Guide is to serve a road map to the preparation of a detailed lesson plan

for the instruction of the procedures to be utilized in the onsite criminal investigation of the e!plosion scene"This material is designed to enhance and e!pand the basic steps provided in the #ational Institute of $ustice

Guide for Explosion and Bombing Scene Investigation b% detailing the specific criteria that should beincluded in this lesson" It is recognized that the teaching of these procedures and methods cannot be conducted

as a standalone or single course& but must be provided 'ith other curriculum or lessons" Prere(uisite to these

scene procedures is a 'or)ing )no'ledge of the follo'ing: *!plosion +%namics& Commercial and ,ilitar%

*!plosives Identification& Components used in the construction of Improvised *!plosive +evices& PostBlastIdentification of Bomb Components& and an Introduction to ,ilitar% Ordnance Identification"

Background:

Technical orking !roup for "ire and Explosions #TG"E$% The #ational Center for

-orensic .cience /#C-.0 at the niversit% of Central -lorida sponsors the Technical 2or)ing Group for -ire

and *!plosions /T2G-*30" +uring its creation in 1445 T2G-*3 'as originall% partnered 'ith the -ederal

Bureau of Investigation and the 6lcohol Tobacco and -irearms" 6s a result T2G-*3 has a laborator%component and an investigative component for both fire and e!plosions" One of T2G-*37s purposes is to

8promulgate and foster development of""" training and (ualit% assurance guidelines for fire and e!plosion scene personnel " " " "8

T2G-*3 accomplishes its goals through the 'or) of its committees and open revie' b% the communit% forconsensus" The Committee is composed of practicing professionals e!perienced in the investigation of e!plosion

incidents and in the development of training materials& consisting of representatives of the local& state& federaland private sectors in the nited .tates" One of the goals of the T2G-*3 .cene Training and *ducation

Committee is to identif% essential components for the design of a postblast program" One of the topical areas

identified b% the Committee as necessar% for inclusion in an% comprehensive postblast course is postblastinvestigation techni(ues and scene processing and documentation" This .cene Procedures Training CurriculumGuide is intended to help instructors to fulfill this component" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9

7/23/2019 Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1


!onsensus Procedure &ith Public InputT2G-*3 adheres to a process that involves consensus and public revie' and input" 6s re(uired b% the

T2G-*3 B%la's& this Curriculum Guide achieved a consensus of the Committee responsible for itsdevelopment" It 'as then published and made available to the entire membership of T2G-*3 for revie' and

comment" It 'as also published for public revie' and comment before it 'as accepted b% the entire T2G-*3and made available for distribution"

!'((ITTEE (E(BE)S:$ames T" Thurman*astern entuc)% niversit%

;ichmond& entuc)%

+oug 2illiams

+epartment of <omeland .ecurit%"." -ire 6dministration

*mmitsburg& ,ar%land$err% ;udden

Tennessee .tate -ire ,arshal7s OfficeBomb and 6rson

#ashville& Tennessee-ran) ;" +o%le& $r"

-BI /retired0.an ;amon& California

Christopher +" Porreca+epartment of $ustice

Bureau of 6lcohol& Tobacco& -irearms and *!plosives

Boston& ,assachusetts

Terr%+a'n <e'itt,cenna <e'itt

+enver& Colorado;on <op)ins

*astern entuc)% niversit%

;ichmond& entuc)%

=an% <endersonentuc)% .tate Police

=e!ington& entuc)% Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >



$oseph enned%

+epartment of $ustice

Bureau of 6lcohol& Tobacco&

-irearms and *!plosives

Chattanooga& TennesseeCarl ?asil)o+epartment of $ustice

Bureau of 6lcohol& Tobacco&-irearms and *!plosives

=e!ington& entuc)%

Brenda =arsen

.nohomish Count% -ire ,arshal’s Office2ashington

;onald ell%-ederal Bureau of Investigation

@uantico& ?irginia

+avid .mith

6ssociated -ire Consultants& Inc"Tucson& 6rizona

Section A* Procuring E+uipment and Tools

Possessing the proper tools and e(uipment is )e% to an% tas)& and never more so than in emergenc% situationssuch as e!plosion or bombing scenes" Because responders and investigators ma% not )no' the details of the

situation until arriving at the scene& prior preparation is vital" -ollo'ing is a list of e(uipment and toolsfre(uentl% used b% the investigative team at e!plosion and bombing scenes" *(uipment and tool needs are& for

the most part& determined b% the actual scene" The list belo' ma% be used as a planning guide for e(uipment and

tool needs" #ot ever% item and tool mentioned belo' 'ill be applicable for use on ever% scene"

1. Safety Equipment1 Biohazard materials /i"e"& bags& tags& labels0"

9 -irstaid )it"

> -oot'ear& safet% /i"e"& protective shoesAboots0"

Glasses& safet%"

Gloves& heav% and disposable /e"g"& surgical& late!0"

D <elmets& safet%Ahard hats"

E neepads"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page



1 Outer'ear& protective /e"g"& disposable suits& 'eather gear0"

9 Personnel support items /e"g"& food& 'ater& h%giene items& and shelter0"

> ;eflective tape"

;espirator% e(uipment /e"g"& particle mas)s& breathing e(uipment0"

2. General Crime Scene Tools/Equipment1 Barrier tapeAperimeter rope"

9 Batteries"

> Binoculars"

Communications e(uipment /e"g"& telephone& t'o'a% radio0"

*vidence collection )its /e"g"& latent print& bodil% fluid& impression& tool mar)& trace evidence0"

D -lares"

E -lashlights"

5 Generators"

4 <and tools /e"g"& scre'drivers& cro'bars& hammers0"

1F nives& utilit%"

11 =ighting& au!iliar%"

19 TarpsAtents"

1> Thermometer"

1 Trashcans& large"

1 T'eezersAforceps"

3. Scene Documentation1 Compass"

9 Computer and computeraided design /C6+0 program"

> Consenttosearch forms"

+ra'ing e(uipment /e"g"& s)etchboo)s& pencils0"

=ogs /e"g"& evidence recover%& photo0"

D ,easuring e(uipment /e"g"& forensic mapping station& tape measure& tape 'heel0"

E Photographic e(uipment /e"g"& >mm camera& Polaroid camera& video camera& digital camera& film& lenses&tripods0"

5 Tape recorder and cassettes"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page



1 2riting e(uipment /e"g"& noteboo)s& pens& permanent mar)ers0"

4. Evidence Collection

1 Bags& ne' /e"g"& sealable& n%lon0"9 Bo!es& corrugatedAfiberboard"

> Brushes and brooms"

Cans& ne' /e"g"& unlined0"

*vidence flagsAcones"

D *vidence placards"

E *vidence tags"

5 *vidence sealing tape"

4 Gloves /i"e"& disposable cotton& disposable late!0"

1F Grid mar)ers"

11 <eat sealer"

19 ,agnets"

1> Outer'ear& protective /e"g"& disposable suits& shoe covers0"

1 ;a)es& spades& and shovels"

1 .iftersAscreens"

1D .'abbing )its"

1E Tro'els"

15 ?acuum"

. Speciali!ed Equipment1 6erial surve%Aphotograph% e(uipment /e"g"& helicopter0"

9 Chemical test )its and vapor detectors"

> Construction e(uipment& heav%"

*!tricationArecover% e(uipment"

GP. /global positioning s%stem0 e(uipment"

D =adders"

E Trace e!plosives detectors /e"g"& sniffers0 andAor detection canines"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page D



Section B* Prioriti,ing Initial )esponse Efforts

Areas included in this Section:

1" Conduct a Preliminar% *valuation of the .cene

9" *!ercise .cene .afet%

>" 6dminister =ifesaving *fforts

" *stablish .ecurit% and Control

Instructor -ote: -irst responders /the first public safet% personnel to arrive at the scene&

'hether it be la' enforcement officers& firefighters& or emergenc% medical services /*,.0 personnel0 must assess the scene (uic)l% %et thoroughl% to determine the course of action to

be ta)en" This assessment should include the scope of the incident& emergenc% services

re(uired& safet% concerns& and evidentiar% considerations" This section also assists the firstin

investigatorH 'ith the establishment and organization of the investigation itself" In addition&this section can be useful to'ards the implementation of the investigative activit% 'hile

e!isting emergenc% scene activities are ongoing or once the% have been completed"

1" Conduct a "reliminary Evaluation of t#e Scene

Principle: The 8-irst ;esponder8 from fire& la' enforcement& and *,. has initial control and specific

responsibilities for the scene" Priorities for each member of this group are selfevident and

discipline based" 6dditionall%& the% also are charged 'ith control and preservation of the scene"

This document has been 'ritten to assist the 8firstin investigator8 'ith the establishment andorganization of the investigation itself" In addition& this document can be useful to'ards the

implementation of the investigative activit% 'hile e!isting emergenc% scene activities are ongoingor once the% have been completed"

Procedure: pon arrival at the scene& first responders should:

6" *stablish a command postAimplement an incident command s%stem /i"e"& a point of contact and line of

communication and authorit% for other public safet% personnel0"

B" ;e(uest emergenc% service from bomb technicians& firefighters& *,. personnel& and la' enforcement

officers" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page E



C" Identif% scene hazards& such as structural collapse& bloodborne pathogens& hazardous chemicals& and

secondar% e!plosive devices"

+" Identif% 'itnesses& victims& and the presence of evidence"

*" Preserve potentiall% transient ph%sical evidence /e"g"& evidence present on victims& evidence that ma% becompromised b% 'eather conditions0"

Summar.: Based on the preliminar% evaluation& first responders 'ill initiate an incident command s%stem&

re(uest emergenc% services& and identif% scene hazards and evidentiar% concerns"

Instructor -ote: If the Incident Command .%stem /IC.0 is in place as a function of ongoingemergenc% operations& the first in investigatorH should establish an Investigation

GroupABranchH and 'or) 'ithin e!isting frame'or)" In the event that the investigator arrives

on the scene and other emergenc% scene operations have been completed and the investigator

is the Incident CommanderH then the investigator ma% still follo' the ideas and concepts provided in this section to organize the scene" IC. 'ill be in place in most all situations still

and the investigator 'ill in all li)elihood either assume or have the IC transferred to him atthe appropriate time*

6" *stablish a command postAimplement an incident command s%stem /i"e"& a point of contact and line of

communication and authorit% for other public safet% personnel0"

1" *stablish Incident Command

a" -irst arriving public safet% personnel should implement IC. and establish a command post /CP0 upon initial

arrival at the scene follo'ing local IC. standard operating procedures"

1" 2ith the concurrence of the Incident Commander& establish the Investigation GroupABranchH 'ithin the

e!isting IC." 6s part of the investigative incident command module& establish the follo'ing functions

1" .cene documentation unitAgroup

9" *vidence unitAgroup

>" =ogistics section /under IC.& this is a part of the general staff0

" .taging /under IC.& this is under operations0

" .afet% sector officer

D" 6dditional +ivisions& Groups or Branches& as the scene demandsBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 5



1 If the *mergenc% Operations are ongoing and there is an Incident Command .%stem in place and

operational/1"0 The investigator should follo' the IC. currentl% in place"

/9"0 Conduct an initial investigative scene assessment /size up0

>" If there is no *mergenc% Operations IC. in place and operational/1"0 *stablish Incident Command .%stem

/a"0 =ocateArelocate the command post be%ond an% obvious debris items found as

soon as feasible"

/b"0 6s part of the investigative incident command module& establish the follo'ingfunctions:

1 .cene +ocumentation

9 *vidence> =ogistics

.taging

.afet%

D 6dditional +ivisions& Groups or Branches& as the scene re(uires

9" Complete Initial .cene 6ssessment /size up0

B" ;e(uest emergenc% service from bomb technicians& firefighters& *,. personnel& and la' enforcementofficers"

Instructor -ote: These re(uests 'ill be based upon individual Jurisdictional standard

operating procedures" These 'ill var% from incident to incident"

1" Bomb Technicians

Bomb Technicians ma% be re(uired to perform a number of specific functions as a result of finding

initial evidence of the placement of an e!plosive device" -unctions performed ma% includesecondar% device search and rendering devices safe"

*mergenc% ,edical .ervice /*,.0*,. should be placed near the scene on standb% 'hile high ris) operations are ongoing"

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 4



1" -ireA;escue

-ire suppression and rescue ma% become necessar% to control hazardous conditions created during

the investigative activit%" 6 structural collapse team ma% be re(uired to control unsafe structural

conditions"

=a' *nforcement

Public 2or)s and Other *mergenc% ,anagement 6gencies

*ngineering Professionals

6 variet% of engineering disciplines ma% be utilized e"g" .tructural *ngineer& assessment of structuralconditions& *lectrical *ngineer& assessment of electrical hazards and control mechanisms& etc"

C" Identif% scene hazards& such as structural collapse& bloodborne pathogens& hazardous chemicals& and

secondar% e!plosive devices"

Instructor -ote: If not in progress& initiate appropriate evacuation& isolation and perimeter control measures"

Instructor -ote: Compliance 'ith O.<6 regulations in the establishment of a scene safet%

plan for all identified hazards present should be completed" .ee 94 C-; 141F

+" Identif% 'itnesses& victims& and the presence of evidence"

1" 2itnesses are individuals 'ho heard& sa'& smelled& felt or other'ise have information pertaining to

the incident"

Instructor -ote: These are individuals that live& 'or) or have been in the immediate area or as casual as the report of a conversation& e"g"& deliver% personnel& bus and ta!i drivers&

neighbors" Canvassing of the area ma% be re(uired to accomplish the tas)" 6dditionall%& at this

point& information& if not alread% provided in other lessons& needs to be provided of the ph%sical appearance of post blast evidence" This is especiall% true of fragmented bomb

components"

9" ?ictims are 'itnesses 'ho suffered inJur% or loss as a result of the incident"

>" *vidence Identification and Initial Preservation *videntiar% re(uirements& standards& and rules var%

greatl% from Jurisdiction to Jurisdiction"

/a"0 Identif% debris field a'a% from crater Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1F



/b"0 Identif% factors that could affect evidence in and around crater

*" Preserve potentiall% transient ph%sical evidence /e"g"& evidence present on victims& evidence that ma% be

compromised b% 'eather conditions0

Instructor -ote: Contamination and crosscontamination are ver% important issues to bea'are of during the collection of evidence" .ee .ection *"> in the guide& 'hich details

specific guidance in the prevention of cross contamination" 6dditionall%& emphasize this is

'here in the investigation that cross contamination prevention begins"

2. E$ercise Scene Safety

Principle: .afet% overrides all other concerns" -irst responders must ta)e steps to identif% and remove or mitigate safet% hazards that ma% further threaten victims& b%standers& and public safet% personnel"

The% must e!ercise due caution 'hile performing emergenc% operations to avoid inJuries tothemselves and others"

Instructor -ote: It is important that the perimeter is not larger than available resources can

control it ma% enlarge as more resources become available

Procedure: -ollo'ing the preliminar% evaluation of the scene& the first responders should:

6" ;e(uest additional resources and personnel /e"g"& bomb technicians& building inspectors& representatives from

utilit% companies& such as gas& 'ater& and electric0 to mitigate identified hazards"

B" se tools and personal protective e(uipment appropriate to the tas) during all operations"

C" ;e(uest andAor conduct a safet% s'eep of the area b% personnel (ualified to identif% and evaluate additionalhazards and safet% concerns"

+" ,ar) hazard areas clearl% and designate safet% zones to receive victims and evacuees"

Summar.: To ensure safet%& first responders 'ill ta)e steps to identif%& evaluate& and mitigate scene hazards and

establish safet% zones" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 11



6" ;e(uest additional resources and personnel /e"g"& bomb technicians& building inspectors& representatives from

utilit% companies& such as gas& 'ater& and electric0 to mitigate identified hazards"1" .tructural Conditions

a" Collapsepartial andAor full

b" Potential 'ea) areasareas around collapse

c" Consider poste!plosion fire damage and spread issues

d" Coordinate 'ith Bldg *ngineer to initiall% establish 'or) areas

9" Blood Born Pathogen

Instructor -ote: In the event blood borne pathogens are identified at the scene& the local

public health authorities should be identified" 6lso& prior to the release of the scene& the steps

outlined in .ection -" should be follo'ed"

a" se of the structure b" Contents of the structure

c" #umber of and location of victims

d" .tatus and location of triageAtreatment

e" Personal protection e(uipment re(uired to match hazard

f" +econtamination appropriate for the hazard

g" +isposal appropriate for the hazard

>" <azardous Chemicals

a" Building seAOccupanc%

/1"0 Contents of Building

/9"0 =ocation 'ithin building tilit%A.torageKoffice

Instructor -ote: It ma% be obvious that hazardous chemicals are e!pected to present on thescene& e"g" Pesticide ,anufacturer& ;esearch -acilit%& or *ducational .cience =ab"

Consideration should be given to the location of the event 'ithin the structure to determine

the potential for the release of hazardous chemicals" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline

Page 19



b" ;elated to *!plosion .cene

1" +iffuse Phase -uels& e!ample ,ethane Gas

9" Condensed Phase -uels& *!plosives

c" Personal Protective *(uipment

1" .elect PP* appropriate for the hazard present

9" +econtamination appropriate for the hazard

>" +isposal appropriate for the hazard

d" -ire

1" 6 fire incident could occur as a result of a re)indle& movement of debris and ignition of gases or vapors&

electrical hazards& cutting or 'elding or spontaneous heating of chemicals"

9" *mergenc% 6ction Plan 'ithin Investigation .ector as re(uired b% -ederal O.<6 /see 94 C-;141F">40

" .econdar% +evices:

DANGER : Be&are of secondar. devices/

The scene ma% contain secondar% e!plosive devices designed specificall% to )ill or maim

public safet% responders" +o not touch an% suspicious items" If a suspected secondar%device is located& immediatel% evacuate the area and contact bomb disposal personnel"

B" se tools and personal protective e(uipment appropriate to the tas) during all operations"

Instructor -ote: =a' *nforcement first responders 'ill have ver% limited e(uipment& butshould have& at least& 'or) and rubber /late! or similar0 gloves for protection from some

possible hazards" *,. and fire fighters 'ill have a more e!tensive selection of tools and personal protective e(uipment /PP*0 available"

C" ;e(uest andAor conduct a safet% s'eep of the area b% personnel (ualified to identif% and evaluate

additional hazards and safet% concerns"

Instructor -ote: This is a preliminar% safet% assessment to identif%& isolate& and control onscene hazards" *stablish a safet% zone /the scene 'ill dictate distance and location0 and

conduct ongoing safet% assessments"

+" ,ar) hazard areas clearl% and designate safet% zones to receive victims and evacuees" Bomb Blast

Investigation Training Outline Page 1>



Instructor -ote: ,ar) hazard areas using barrier tape or flags" ,aintain controlled entr%Ae!it

points to the scene /personnel accountabilit%0"

3. %dminister &ifesavin' Efforts

Principle: -irst responders’ primar% responsibilit% is to rescue living victims and provide treatment for lifethreatening inJuries" 2hile performing emergenc% operations& the% are to preserve evidence andavoid disturbing areas not directl% involved in the rescue activities& including those areas containing

fatalities"

Procedure: 6fter performing a preliminar% evaluation and establishing scene safet%& first responders should:

6" Initiate rescues of severel% inJured andAor trapped victims"

B" *vacuate ambulator% victims& perform triage& and treat lifethreatening inJuries"

C" =eave fatalities and their surroundings undisturbed" ;emoval of fatalities 'ill a'ait authorization"

+" 6void disturbing areas not directl% involved in rescue activities"

Summar.: =ifesaving efforts are first responders’ priorit%" 6dditionall%& care should be ta)en not to disturbareas 'here rescue activities are not ta)ing place"

Instructor -ote: The above 6+ is selfe!planator%" <o'ever& this is 'here %ou need to

advise the first respondersAinvestigators ho' to perform some of these tas)s in some detail&e"g"& ho' not to disturb or alter evidence& begin isolating areas and determining entr% and e!it

path'a%s into the scene" This leads into the ne!t section on securit% and control"

1" Esta(lis# Security and Control

Principle: -irst responders 'ill establish control and restrict scene access to essential personnel& thereb% aiding

rescue efforts and scene preservation" -irst responders 'ill initiate documentation" Bomb Blast

Investigation Training Outline Page 1



Procedure: To establish securit% and control& first responders should:

6" .et up a securit% perimeter"

B" ;estrict access into and out of the scene through the securit% perimeter /e"g"& control media& b%standers& and

nonessential personnel0"C" *stablish staging areas to ensure that emergenc% vehicles have access into the area"

+" Initiate documentation of the scene as soon as conditions permit /e"g"& ta)ing notes& identif%ing 'itnesses&videotapingAphotographing b%standers0"

Summar.: -irst responders 'ill establish a controlled securit% perimeter& designate staging areas& and initiate

documentation" This 'ill set the stage for the subse(uent investigation"

Instructor -ote: -or the purposes of this section& inherent to crime scenes& the first

responders that are responsible for securing and controlling the scene are considered to be la'enforcement and fireArescue personnel" +epending on the size and t%pe of the incident& e"g" a

mailbo! bombing& the first responding la' enforcement officer ma% transition to be the

investigator"

6" .et up a securit% perimeter"1" Techni(ues for perimeter establishment can be barrier tape& rope& secured doors& natural barriers and

staffed positions"

Instructor -ote: +efine securit% perimeter as the outer most boundar% used to )eep the

curious& press and others a'a% from the scene operations" suall%& this is 1&FFF feet or more"This outer perimeter is not to be confused 'ith the inner perimeter& 'hich 'ill be discussed

later"

B" ;estrict access into and out of the scene through the securit% perimeter /e"g"& control media& b%standers&

and nonessential personnel0"C" *stablish staging areas to ensure that emergenc% vehicles have access into the area"

Instructor -ote: *!plain 'here and 'h% staging areas are setup and the t%pes of vehicles or

support services that 'ould be allo'ed into these areas" 6dditionall%& staging areas need to be

free from potential evidence" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1



+" Initiate documentation of the scene as soon as conditions permit /e"g"& ta)ing notes& identif%ing 'itnesses&

videotapingAphotographing b%standers0"

Instructor -ote: *!plain 'hat t%pes of documentation should be utilized andAor e!pected

from first respondersAinvestigators" 6dditionall%& ever% effort should be made to positivel%identif% 'itnesses so the% can be located later for detailed intervie's& should the% not be

intervie'ed prior to leaving the scene" Positive identification can be effected b% the sho'ingof photo identification cards& e"g"& driver’s license" The investigator should ma)e ever%

attempt to recover an% form of documentation made b% first responders e"g" location of

victims& incident reports& s)etches& diagrams& fire scene photos" Bomb Blast Investigation Training

Outline Page 1D



Section !* Evaluating the Scene

Instructor -ote: 6t the time the scene is determined to involve a bombing or other crime& the

investigator must address legal re(uirements for scene access& search& and evidence seizure"


1" +efine the Investigator ;ole

9" *nsure .cene Integrit%

>" Conduct .cene 2al)through

" .ecure ;e(uired ;esources

1. Define t#e )nvesti'ator *ole

Principle: The investigator must coordinate 'ith the incident commander and first responders to determine 'hat

occurred and to assess the current situation" .ubse(uent procedures 'ill var% depending on the

magnitude of the incident"

Procedure: pon arriving at and prior to entering the scene& the investigator should:

6" Identif% and introduce himself or herself to the incident commander"

B" Intervie' the incident commander and first responders to evaluate the situation& including safet%concerns& and determine the level of investigative assistance needed"

C" Conduct a briefing 'ith essential personnel /e"g"& la' enforcement& fire& *,.& hazardous materials& andutilit% services personnel0"

+" 6ssess legal considerations for scene access /e"g"& e!igent circumstances& consent& administrativeAcriminalsearch 'arrants0"

Summar.: The investigator 'ill conduct a briefing to ensure scene safet% and securit%& 'hile addressing theissue of secondar% devices"

6" Identif% and introduce himself or herself to the incident commander"

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1E



B" Intervie' the incident commander and first responders to evaluate the situation& including safet%

concerns& and determine the level of investigative assistance needed"

1" The investigator should gain as much information about the incident prior to processing the e!plosion

scene" The investigator should gather the follo'ing information:

/a"0 T%pe /description0 and number of e!plosions

/b"0 #umber of inJuriesAdeaths and a brief description of inJuries

/c"0 .afet% concerns

1" hazmat issues /biological& nuclear& incendiar%& chemical& e!plosives0

9" structural integrit%

>" environmentalA'eather conditions

" secondar% /multiple0 devices

" site safet% plan

/d"0 Initial scene observations

1" location of an% fireAe!plosion

9" odors

>" location of victims

/e"0 -ire fighting and first responder activities

1" entr%& suppression& overhaul& ventilation& etc"

9" removal and transporting of victim

/f"0 Identif% and obtain names of all responders

/10 -irst responders

o =a' *nforcement&

o -ire&

o *,.&

o *mergenc% ,anagement

/90 Others

o OccupantsAemplo%ees&

o Public tilities

/g"0 .cene securit% measures in place

1" securit% perimeter and staging areas

/h"0 *vidence concerns

1" location of evidence

9" removal of itemsAevidence and their locationBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 15



1" contamination issues

9" location and description of transient evidence

>" chain of custod%

" nature of the evidence& i"e" e!plosive& chemical

/i"0 .earch for secondar% devicesAe!plosives

1" 'ho conducted search and their (ualifications

9" ho' search 'as performed /visual inspection& 40

>" location of an% secondar% devicesAe!plosives

" render safe proceduresAdisposal of devicesAe!plosives

9" The investigator should also intervie' other first responders to supplement information from the ICintervie' and corroborate facts about the scene"

>" The Investigator should determine the level of Investigative staffing needed based on:

a" .ize of the scene and ph%sical staffing needs

b" .pecialized investigative needs

1" e!plosives 4

9" bomb technicians

>" evidence techniciansAteams for processing scene

c" #eed to contact other government agencies& e"g"& -ederal& .tate or =ocal

C" Conduct a briefing 'ith essential personnel /e"g"& la' enforcement& fire& *,.& hazardous materials& and

utilit% services personnel0 to:

1" *valuate initial scene safet% to the e!tent possible prior to entr%"

a" hazmat issues

b" utilities

c" structural integrit%

9" *nsure that a search for secondar% e!plosive devices has been conducted"

a" secondar% /multiple0 devices

b" safet% s'eepAsearch for secondar% devices

1" 'ho performed it&

9" 'hat areas 'ere doneBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 14



!aution: Onl% bomb disposal personnel should handle an% suspected devices that are

located" Ta)e no further action until the devices have been identified or rendered safe"

>" *nsure that the scene has been secured& that a perimeter and staging areas for the investigation have

been established& and that all personnel have been advised of the need to prevent contamination of the scene"

a" The investigator should establish& if not alread% identified:

1" the ph%sical boundaries of the securit% and evidence perimeters

9" crime scene zones

>" access points

" 'ho has authorit% to be in the various zones

" ph%sical control of the perimeters

D" the location of command post

E" the location of staging areas /for vehicles and e(uipment0& support services& etc"

" *nsure that the chain of custod% is initiated for evidence that ma% have been previousl% collected"

a" identif% 'hat evidence has alread% been collected or removed

b" location of collected evidence and 'ho has control of items

c" ensure that proper documentation /'ritten0 of chain of custod% has been initiated

+" 6ssess legal considerations for scene access /e"g"& e!igent circumstances& consent& administrativeAcriminal

search 'arrants0"

Instructor -ote: 6fter the e!igent circumstances have been mitigated& %our authorit% to

remain ma% have changed"

1" 6fter the original emergenc% response b% personnel& the authorit% to remain at the scene or to continue

to conduct the investigation ma% re(uire the issuance of a search 'arrant or a 'ritten consent tosearch" /.ee the sample consent to search in 6ppendi! 6"0

a" 6t a minimum& the consent to .earch -orm .hould Include:

1 #ame of the person giving consent

9 ;elationship of the person to the propert%

> Contact numbers for the person giving consentBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9F



1 .ignature of the person giving consent

9 #ame /legibl% printed0& contact numbers and signatures of the 'itnesses /9 recommended0

> +ate and time consent obtained

Consent 'ording in a form acceptable in the relevant Jurisdiction /local& state andAor federal0"

9" The follo'ing is an outline for the protocol an investigator should follo' in obtaining consent:

a" +ocument that a determination has been made that the person is capable of understanding the *nglish language orarrange for a translator 'ho is (ualified to translate the communications bet'een the investigator and person

'hose consent is being sought& into a language in 'hich the latter is fluent

b" 6s a matter of practice& establish identit%

c" +ocument the determination that the person giving consent possesses sufficient health and mental capabilities to

provide informed consent

d" +ocument the nature and e!tent of the person’s proprietar% interest or other in the propert%

e" .ee) information about the identities of other persons 'hose consent ma% be re(uired& such as corporate officers&coo'ners or tenants

f" If a translator 'as used& modif% the form to include a certification that the translator accuratel% and completel%

translated the contents of the form from the *nglish language to the consentor’s language& and obtain the printed

name of the translator& the translator’s emplo%er or agenc%& contact numbers and signature"

2. Ensure Scene )nte'rity

Principle: The investigator must ensure the integrit% of the scene b% establishing securit% perimeters and staging

areas& contamination control procedures& and evidence collection and control procedures"

Procedure: Prior to evidence collection& the investigator should:

6" *stablish procedures to document personnel entering and e!iting the scene"

B" *stablish and document procedures to prevent scene contamination"

C" *stablish and document procedures for evidence collection& control& and chain of custod% /see the sampleevidence recover% and chain of custod% logs in appendi! 60"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 91



Summar.: The investigator 'ill establish and document procedures to protect the integrit% of the scene"

6" *stablish procedures to document personnel entering and e!iting the scene"

1" Identif% entr% and e!it points and path'a%s toAthrough the scene

9" se of 6ccess Control =ogsH for designated areas of the scene

>" +esignateAidentif% a person to maintain all access logs

B" *stablish and document procedures to prevent scene contamination"

1" Brief all individuals on contamination prevention procedures

9" -ollo' agenc% specific .OP to prevent contamination& 'hich should include:

/a0 use of PP* /gloves& t%ve)0

/b0 staging area for tools and e(uipment

/c0 entr% preparation areas

/d0 decontaminationAcleaning stations for tools and e(uipment

/e0 decontamination area for personnel

>" #ote )ind and use of PP* on evidence log if no 'ritten plan is available

" -ollo' established procedures to ensure personnel and e(uipment are free from contaminants"

/a0 Collect control samples from personnel and e(uipment as necessar%

/b0 6s appropriate& utilize singleuse tools and supplies

/c0 2hen available& consider 4 evaluationAscreening of people and supplies

/d0 6ssess use and placement of heav% e(uipment and fuel po'ered tools

/e0 *nsure cleanliness of evidence storage areas this includes transport vehicles

Instructor -ote: It is desirable that a 'ritten contamination prevention plan e!ist as part of

the investigator’s .OPs for processing a bombing crime scene" *ver% scene presents different

challenges therefore& refinements to .OPs ma% be necessar%" 2hen a 'ritten .OP is not in

place& the investigator should ma)e a 'ritten notation in hisAher field notes as to 'hat controls'ere used"

C" *stablish and document procedures for evidence collection& control& and chain of custod% /see the sampleevidence recover% and chain of custod% logs in appendi! 60"

1" 6ssign an evidence custodian

9" Prioritize the collection of evidence& e"g" potentiall% hazardous evidence& transient evidence& biologicalevidence& etc"& collected prior to other evidence" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 99



>" Preserve& collect& and pac)age evidence

" Inventor%& transport& and store evidence

3. Conduct t#e Scene +al,t#rou'#

Principle: The investigator must conduct a 'al)through to establish scene parameters and ac(uire an overvie'

of the incident"

Procedure: +uring the scene 'al)through& the investigator should:

6" ;eevaluate scene re(uirements /e"g"& boundaries& personnel& e(uipment0"

B" *stablish an entr% and e!it path for personnel"

C" Be alert to safet% concerns /e"g"& structural damage& secondar% devices& unconsumed e!plosive materials&failed utilities& hazardous materials0 and to the locations of ph%sical evidence"

+" *nsure preservation andAor collection of transient evidence"

1" Identif%& secure& preserve& andAor collect transient evidence follo'ing established evidence collection

procedures"*" 6ttempt to locate the seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0"

Summar.: The investigator’s initial 'al)through 'ill be an opportunit% to identif% evidence and the presence of

safet% hazards"

6" ;eevaluate scene re(uirements /e"g"& boundaries& personnel& e(uipment0"

1" The investigator should continuousl% monitor& and adJust as necessar%:

a" securit%& safet%& and evidence perimeters

b" locations of staging areas

c" staffing levels needed for investigative functions

d" e(uipment and supplies resources

e" re(uirements for special resources /lighting& tents& etc"0

Instructor -ote: This is an opportunit% for the investigator to determine the need for additional resources that 'ill be necessar% to safel% and efficientl% process the scene" Bomb

Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9>



B" *stablish an entr% and e!it path for personnel"

1" Identif% and mar) logical paths for personnel and e(uipment to enter and e!it the scene /these ma% be

separate paths0

a" Criteria for entr% and e!it paths should include distance& ease of access& contamination issues&and safet%

/b0 =imit access through various perimeters to essential personnel

C" Be alert to safet% concerns /e"g"& structural damage& secondar% devices& unconsumed e!plosive materials&

failed utilities& hazardous materials0 and to the locations of ph%sical evidence"

1" ;eevaluate scene safet% issues and establish a scene safet% plan

a" hazmat issues /biological& nuclear& incendiar%& chemical& e!plosives0

b" structural integrit%

c" environmentalA'eather conditions

d" secondar% /multiple0 devices

+" *nsure preservation andAor collection of transient evidence"

1" Identif%& secure& preserve& andAor collect transient evidence follo'ing established evidence collection

procedures"

*" 6ttempt to locate the seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0"

Instructor -ote: Provide guidance regarding ho' to locate the seatAepicenter of an e!plosion

'ith identification characteristics"

4. Secure *equired *esources

Principle: -ollo'ing the 'al)through& the investigator should meet 'ith available emergenc% responders andinvestigative personnel to determine 'hat resources& e(uipment& and additional personnel ma% be

needed"

Procedure: +uring the course of this meeting& the investigator should:

Instructor -ote: It is during the initial 'al)through that the investigator assesses the scene toma)e a determination as to 'hat PP* =evel is re(uired as 'ell as other safet% issues" This is

the time that resources and assistance are obtained" .ee .ection B Bomb Blast Investigation

Training Outline Page 9



6" 6ssess the nature and scope of the investigation through information obtained during the 'al)through and

from all available personnel"

B" 6dvise personnel of an% secondar% devices or other hazards found at the scene"

C" *nsure that one list of victimsApotential 'itnesses is developed and that their accounts of the incident aredocumented"

+" *nsure that re(uired evidence collection e(uipment& as 'ell as processing and storage facilities& are

available"

*" .ecure re(uired e(uipment as determined b% the scene conditions& such as lighting& e(uipment& handtools& specialt% e(uipment& and personal safet% items"

-" *nsure that sufficient utilities and support services are re(uested /e"g"& electricit%& food& trash removal&

sanitar% services& other public services& securit%0"

G" 6dvise emergenc% responders and the investigation team of their assignments for scene documentationand processing"

<" ;emind personnel that evidence can ta)e man% forms it is not limited solel% to components of the

device/s0"

Summar.: The investigator 'ill meet 'ith emergenc% responders and investigative personnel in preparationfor scene documentation and processing"

Instructor -ote: The above 6 L < are selfe!planator%" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline

Page 9



Section 0* 0ocumenting the Scene


1" +evelop 2ritten +ocumentation

9" PhotographA?ideotape the .cene

>" =ocate and Intervie' ?ictims and 2itnesses

1. Develop +ritten Documentation

Principle: The investigator 'ill prepare 'ritten scene documentation to become part of the permanent record"

Procedure: The investigator should:

6" +ocument access to the scene /see the sample access control log in appendi! 60"

B" +ocument activities& noting dates and times& associated 'ith the incident and the investigation /see the

sample activit% log in appendi! 60"

C" +escribe the overall scene in 'riting& noting ph%sical and environmental conditions /e"g"& odors& 'eather&

and structural conditions0 /see the sample narrative description in appendi! 60"

+" +iagram and label scene features using s)etches& floor plans& and architectural or engineering dra'ings"

*" +escribe and document the scene 'ith measuring e(uipment& 'hich ma% include surve%ing e(uipment&GP. /global positioning s%stem0 technolog%& or other available e(uipment"

Summar.: Investigators must prepare 'ritten scene documentation as part of the permanent record of theincident& 'hich 'ill serve as the foundation for an% incident reconstructions and future proceedings"

6" +ocument 6ccess to the .cene /see the sample access control log in appendi! 60"

Instructor1s -ote: +etermine e!tent of legal authorit% to enter scene and document legal

authorit% to enter and remain at the scene" Guidance 'as previousl% provided in .ectionC"1"+" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9D



1" 6n 6ccess Control =og must be established to control the integrit% of the scene" 6t a minimum it

should contain the follo'ing:

a" +a%& date and time log is established

b" Page number for each page

c" Information about the person/s0 maintaining the log:

1" #ame& position& and agenc% of the person controlling the log

9" +a%& date and time the person ta)es control of the log

>" +a%& date and time the person turns over control of the log to another"

d" Information about persons accessing the scene:

1" #ame of person entering scene

9" That person’s position or title and agenc%

>" Purpose of entr%" +a% date and time of entr% to scene

" +a% date and time of e!iting the scene"

B" +ocument activities& noting dates and times& associated 'ith the incident and the investigation /see the

sample activit% log in 6ppendi! 60"

1" *stablish an activit% log that summarizes all events ta)ing place at the scene in relation to the

investigation" 6ctivities include investigative steps and other events occurring at the scene& includingemergenc% response& health and safet% precautions& 'or) of utilities’ emplo%ees& and investigative

functions" The activit% log ma% pass from person to person depending on the length of the sceneinvestigation but is t%picall% completed b% the incident commander or his designee" 6t a minimum&

the activit% log shall contain the follo'ing information:a" =ocation of the incident

b" Case identifier

c" #ame& position and agenc% of person preparing activit% log

d" +a%& date and time of arrival

e" Personnel on scene at time of arrival /see 6ctivit% =og0

f" +ate and time of scene control ac(uisition

g" Person from 'hom scene control 'as ac(uired

h" +escription of nature and e!tent of scene securit% at time of ac(uisition"

C" +escribe the overall scene in 'riting& noting ph%sical and environmental conditions /e"g" odors& 'eather&

and structural conditions0 /.ee the sample #arrative +escription in 6ppendi! 60 Bomb Blast Investigation

Training Outline Page 9E



1" On preliminar% surve%& ma)e notes describing the overall condition of e!terior and interior of scene&

including lighting& climatic conditions& and an% special situations or conditions such as health

hazards or safet% concerns" It ma% be of assistance to document anticontamination measures ta)en

b% the investigators to include clothing& protective e(uipment& and decontamination methodolog%"

+" +iagram and label scene features using s)etches& floor plans& and architectural or engineering dra'ings"

1" .)etches are a useful tool in scene documentation and are normall% completed at the scene using

paper and 'riting instruments in a handdra'n fashion" These dra'ings t%picall% are utilized to sho'

the relationship of an obJect /evidence0 to another obJect or fi!ed feature" These dra'ings aret%picall% not to scale and ma% be redra'n in a formal fashion at a later date"

9" -loor Plans are t%picall% prepared at the scene and ma% be handdra'n utilizing drafting tools such asstraight edges& compasses& etc" The purpose of the floor plan is to depict rooms or other spaces in

relation to each other and to the hot zone" 6 floor plan usuall% depicts a footprint of the structure or

area represented"

>" 6rchitectural dra'ings or engineering dra'ings are often available upon re(uest from localgovernment building or zoning departments" The% ma% li)e'ise be obtained from the building o'ner

or from the architect involved in the structure’s creation or renovation" *ngineering dra'ings sho'engineering details of building s%stems such as electrical& plumbing& <?6C& etc"

" Obtain 6sbuiltH dra'ings if available" 6sbuiltsH are preferable& if available& because the% sho' the building as it 'as in fact constructed rather than ho' it 'as originall% proposed" This ma% be

particularl% important in anal%zing structural damage" These dra'ings also ma% be obtained from thelocal building or zoning departments or sometimes from the contractor"

" The investigator ma% 'ish to ma)e several t%pes of dra'ings& depending on the comple!it% of the

e!plosion scene" .ee #-P6 491 Guide for -ire and *!plosion Investigations& current edition"

D" The emplo%ment of computer e(uipment and computer assisted dra'ing /C6+0 soft'are allo's the

investigator to place multiple dra'ings and photographs on the same slide& sho'ing the relationshipof evidence to landmar)s and other important features at the scene"

*" +escribe and document the scene 'ith measuring e(uipment& 'hich ma% include surve%ing e(uipment&

GP. /global positioning s%stem0 technolog%& or other available e(uipment" Bomb Blast Investigation

Training Outline Page 95



2. "#oto'rap# / -ideotape Scene

Principle: The investigator must ensure that photographic documentation is included in the permanent scene

record" The documentation should begin before the removal or disturbance of an% items and continue

during the evidence collection phase"Procedure: The investigator should:

6" ;ecord overall vie's of the scene /e"g"& 'ide angle& aerial& >DFdegree0 to spatiall% relate items 'ithin

and to the scene and surrounding area" /6 combination of still photograph%& videotaping& and other techni(ues is most effective"0

B" Consider muting the audio portion of an% video recording unless there is narration"

C" ,inimize the presence of scene personnel in photographsAvideos"

+" Consider photographingAvideotaping the assembled cro'd"

*" ,aintain photo and video logs /see the sample photographic log in appendi! 60"

Summar.: The investigator 'ill ensure the photographic documentation of the scene to supplement the 'rittendocumentation in preparation for scene reconstruction efforts and an% future proceedings"

6" ;ecord overall vie's of the scene /e"g"& 'ide angle& aerial& >DFdegree0 to spatiall% relate items 'ithinand to the scene and surrounding area"

Instructor -ote: 6 combination of still photograph%& videotaping& and other techni(ues ismost effective"

1" Photographic Techni(ues: 6 record of the overall scene to spatiall% relate items 'ithin the scene andsurrounding area is re(uired and ma% be accomplished through several techni(ues:

Instructor -ote: se of a 'ideangle lens allo's the investigator to capture a panoramic

vie' of each portion of the scene& 'hich establishes the relationship of evidence or other items of interest in perspective to the scene as a 'hole" If a 'ideangle lens is not available&

the investigator ma% ta)e a series of t'o or three photographs from a single vie'point& later

overlapping those vie's resulting in a mosaic of the scene" Bomb Blast Investigation Training

Outline Page 94



9" 6erial photograph%: +epending on the size of the scene& the use of an aerial ladder& a fi!ed 'ing or

rotar% aircraft allo's the investigator to create a footprint of the entire scene in a photograph" Pre

incident aerial photographs are sometimes available from public or private sources"

Instructor -ote: 2hen the investigator 'ants to document the condition and location of a particular item of evidence& a se(uence or series of still photographs is ta)en& starting from a

distance and moving to a closeup shot" This techni(ue establishes the location andrelationship of evidence to other )no'n obJects"

>" ?aried photographic techni(ues ma% be utilized in documenting the scene and surrounding area"Photographs should be ta)en at incremental distances /distant& mid range and closeup0 to include an

e!terior vie' of the scene& interior vie's& specific items of evidence& and the assembled cro'd"

B" Consider muting the audio portion of an% video recording unless there is structured narration"

Instructor -ote: Bac)ground noises and possible inappropriate comments can be distractingand embarrassing for the investigator should the tape be pla%ed in court"

C" ,inimize the presence of scene personnel in photographsAvideos"Instructor -ote: This gives a more professional appearance" In addition& the accurac% of the

scene in its natural state is captured"

+" Consider photograph%Avideotaping the assembled cro'd"

Instructor -ote: +ocumentation of the assembled cro'd provides a record of possible

suspects and 'itnesses"

*" ,aintain photo and video logs /.ee the sample photographic log in 6ppendi! 60

1" 6t a minimum& photo and video logs should contain the follo'ing:

a" Photograph number Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >F



b" +escription of photo subJect matter

c" +a%& date& and if applicable& time of each photo

d" #ame of the photographer

e" 6 contact sheet of still photograph negatives assists in establishing the order in 'hich photos'ere ta)en"

f" se a diagram to sho' photograph locations" .ee& for e!ample& #-P6 491& current edition"

3. &ocate and )ntervie -ictims and +itnesses

Principle: The investigator 'ill obtain victims7A'itnesses7 identities& statements& and information concerning

their inJuries"

Procedure: The investigator should:

6" Identif% and locate 'itnesses /e"g"& victims 'ho ma% have been transported& emplo%ees& first responders&deliver%Aservice personnel& neighbors& passersb%0 and prioritize intervie's"

B" 6ttempt to obtain all available identif%ing data regarding victimsA'itnesses /e"g"& full name& address& date

of birth& 'or)& and home telephone numbers0 prior to their departure from the scene"

C" *stablish each 'itness7 relationship to or association 'ith the scene andAor victims"

+" *stablish the basis of the 'itness7 )no'ledge: <o' does the 'itness have )no'ledge of the incidentM

*" Obtain statements from each 'itness"

-" +ocument thoroughl% victims7 inJuries and correlate victims7 locations at the time of the incident 'ith the

seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0"

G" Intervie' the medical e!aminerAcoroner and hospital emergenc% personnel regarding fatalities and

inJuries"Summar.: The investigator must attempt to determine the locations of all victims and 'itnesses" ?ictim and

'itness statements and information about their inJuries ma% be essential to establishing the nature of the device and the circumstances of the incident"

6" Identif% and locate 'itnesses /e"g"& victims 'ho ma% have been transported& emplo%ees& first responders&

deliver%Aservice personnel& neighbors& passersb%0 and prioritize intervie's" Bomb Blast Investigation

Training Outline Page >1



Instructor -ote: .ee .ection B 1& +: 2itnessA?ictim Identification

B" 6ttempt to obtain all available identif%ing data regarding victimsA'itnesses /e"g" full name& address& date

of birth& 'or)& and home telephone numbers0 prior to their departure from the scene"

Instructor -ote: It is recommended that the 'itness provide official government photoidentification& such as driver’s license& green card& or passport"

C" *stablish each 'itness’s relationship to or association 'ith the scene andAor victims"

Instructor -ote: 2itnesses man% times do not realize that the% have observed important

investigative information" 6lso& in canvassing for 'itnesses& the suspect ma% be identified& asthe 'itnessH is the suspect"

+" *stablish the basis of the 'itness’ )no'ledge: <o' does the 'itness have )no'ledge of the incidentM

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%

*" Obtain statements from each 'itness"

Instructor -otes: It ma% be useful to obtain copies of )e% diagrams or photographs depictingthe scene to use during the intervie'" It ma% be beneficial to report the facts gained throughintervie's during dail% team meetings" This ma% result in the identification of further

'itnesses and the necessit% of further intervie's" The team can also outline points to becovered in particular intervie's"

-" +ocument thoroughl% victims’ inJuries and correlate victims’ locations at the time of the incident 'ith the

seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0"

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator% Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >9



G" Intervie' the medical e!aminerAcoroner and hospital emergenc% personnel regarding fatalities and

inJuries"

Instructor #ote: InJuries should be documented 'ith photographs& appropriate !ra%s&

clothing& or bomb debris removed from bod% and 'ritten notes or reports" Bomb Blast

Investigation Training Outline Page >>



Section E* Processing Evidence at the Scene


1" 6ssemble the *vidence Processing Team

9" Organize *vidence Processing

>" Control Contamination

" Identif%& Collect& Preserve& Inventor%& Pac)age and Transport *vidence

"

-ote: 6t the time the scene is determined to involve a bombing or other crime& the

investigator must address legal re(uirements for scene access& search& and evidence seizure"

1. %ssem(le t#e Evidence "rocessin' Team

Principle: *ffective organization and composition of the evidence processing team ensure the

proper collection and preservation of evidence"

Procedure: The size of the evidence processing team depends on the magnitude of the scene& but theinvestigator needs to ensure that the follo'ing roles and e!pertise are addressed:

Instructor -ote: Preplanning& e"g"& the identification of specific personnel to perform thelisted duties is essential before the incident occurs" +o not 'ait until it happens to identif% and

train personnel" There ma% also be a need to establish other Groups& +ivisions& branches& etc"under IC. to meet the needs of the overall investigation"

6" Team =eader"

B" Photographer

C" .)etch Preparer

+" *vidence ;ecorderACustodian

*" *vidence ;ecover% Personnel

-" .pecialistsBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >



Summar.: 6ttention to the organization and composition of the evidence processing team facilitates effective

evidence collection and preservation"

6" Team =eader"

Instructor -ote: Of the listed personnel& special attention should be given to the selection of

a team leader" <istoricall%& team leaders should have managerial s)ills as 'ell as technicale!pertise and e!perience in the investigation of bombing crime scenes" " The Team =eader

ma% be the investigator 'ho 'ears t'o hats: one of being in charge of the collection of

evidence as 'ell as the person responsible for conducting the field investigation" Or& the Team

=eader ma% have the responsibilit% of supervising other team members in the collection of evidence" In this case& heAshe 'ould 'or)Areport to an investigatorincharge of the entire

investigation" In situations 'here more than one evidence collectionAprocessing team is usedin large or comple! bombing scenes& the Team =eader ma% be one of man% Team =eaders

'ho report to an investigatorincharge or another designated individual responsible for theoverall collection of evidence"

1" Team =eader ;esponsibilities:

a" 6ssumes control of the crime scene inner perimeter and monitors safet% of personnel and

securit% at scene

b" Conduct 'al)through for purposes of ma)ing a preliminar% surve%& evaluating potential

evidence and preparing a narrative description

c" +etermine search patterns and ma)e appropriate assignments for team members

d" +esignate various locations for processing team"

Instructor -ote: The Team =eader ma%& depending on the level of responsibilit% heAshe has

at the scene& also designate the location of the command post" This command post ma% also

serve as the evidence collection control area at the edge of the inner perimeter" <o'ever& theTeam =eader 'ill usuall% not have that responsibilit% 'hen heAshe is not the investigatorincharge and the command post is utilized to commandH the overall investigation& not Just the

processing of the scene" In this instance& the command post 'ill usuall% be outside of the

outer perimeter"

e" *nsure that sufficient supplies and e(uipment are available for personnel

f" *nsures that access to the scene is controlled and appropriate access logs are established and

maintained" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >



g" Continuall% reevaluate efficienc% of search during entire course of the operation

h" ;elease of the scene after a final surve% and inventor% of the evidence

Instructor -ote: 6s in the guidance provided in 1" a& above& the Team =eader ma% or ma%

not actuall% release the scene as heAshe ma% not be the investigatorincharge" In the situation'here the Team =eader is not the investigatorincharge& heAshe should advise the investigator

of the appropriateness of releasing the scene& e"g"& evidence processing has or has not been

completed"

i" *nsure team members are (ualified and reliable to perform their respective duties

B" Photographer

1" Photographer ;esponsibilities:

a" Photograph entire area before it is entered

b" Photograph victims& cro'd and vehicles

c" Photograph entire scene 'ith overall& medium& and closeup coverage"

d" Photograph maJor items of evidence"

e" Photograph maps& blueprints or diagrams"

f" Obtain previous photographs of scene& as appropriate"

g" *nsure a photographic log and s)etch is maintained"

h" Photograph scene as it appears prior to release" /e"g" formal securing of facilit%Aroom& locationof contents& etc"0

C" .)etch Preparer

1" .)etch Preparer ;esponsibilities:

a" +iagramAmap immediate area"

b" .)etch maJor items of evidence and coordinate nomenclature 'ith *vidence

;ecorderACustodian and *vidence ;ecover% Personnel

c" +esignate search areas /grids& patterns& etc0 and advise Team =eader and all search members

of nomenclature for designated areas

+" *vidence ;ecorderACustodian

1" *vidence ;ecorderACustodian ;esponsibilities:

a" Prepare evidence recover% log

b" Coordinate proper evidence pac)aging and preservationc" Coordinate evidence nomenclature 'ith .)etch Preparer and *vidence ;ecover% Personnel

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >D



d" ;eceive and record all evidence

e" ,aintain custod% and control of evidence at the scene

f" ,aintain chain of custod%

g" Coordinate transmittal of evidence to case investigator& or to crime laborator%& per agenc%guidelines

*" *vidence ;ecover% Personnel

1" *vidence ;ecover% Personnel ;esponsibilities:

Instructor -ote: The responsibilities of the evidence recover% personnel are to locate

evidence" The methods of evidence collection& preservation& labeling and so on are provided

in other sections" 6dditionall%& the t%pes of evidence resulting from the bomb e!plosion are provided in other lessons"

-" .pecialists

Instructor -ote: The Team =eader is responsible for the initial surve% to determine the

re(uirements for specific team members" +epending on the magnitude and comple!it% of the

scene& not all listed personnel 'ill be re(uired" 6dditionall%& unless the team leader is also thelead investigator& the team leader should 'or) 'ith the investigator to determine re(uirements

or composition of the team"

1" -actors in selection of .pecialists:

a" The competence and reliabilit% of the specialist

b" The abilit% of the specialist to 'or) 'ithin la' enforcement guidelines at a scene

c" The role of the specialist in presenting e!pert testimon% in court

9" T%pes of .pecialists:

a" Bomb Technician

b" -orensic Technician

c" <azardous ,aterials TechnicianA.pecialist

d" Professional& academic& specialized fire service or other la' enforcement personnel& e"g":

a" ,edical *!aminerACoroner

b" Chemist Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >E



c" Odontologist

d" 6nthropologist

e" *ntomologist

f" Blood Pattern 6nal%st

g" Geologist

h" .urve%or

i" *ngineer

J" .afet% Personnel

)" Procurement Personnel

l" .tructural Collapse ;escue

m" <azardous ,aterials Technician

2. r'ani!e Evidence "rocessin'

Principle: Good organization is essential to evidence collection and preservation" The investigator mustcontinuall% evaluate the scene& adapt to changes as the% occur& and brief the team"

Procedure: Before deplo%ing the team& the investigator should:

6" ;evie' and reevaluate:

1 The boundaries of the scene"

9 .afet% concerns"

> Command post

.taging locations

*vidence processing and storage locations"

D Personnel and e(uipment re(uirements"

E =egal and administrative considerations"

5 B" Identif% the search procedure for the scene"

4 C" *nsure that transient ph%sical evidence has been preserved and collected"

1F +" Consider onsite e!plosives detection /e"g"& trace e!plosives detection& use of canines& chemical tests0 b%

(ualified personnel"

11 *" Brief the team and revie' assignments"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >5



Summar.: Prior to evidence collection and throughout the process& the investigator 'ill revie' the scene& adapt

to changes& and brief the team"

6" ;evie' and reevaluate:

一

"1" The boundaries of the scenea" *!pand or reduce scene boundaries as appropriate" /It is easier to reduce than e!pand

boundaries0

b" *nsure interior /crime scene0 boundar% is of sufficient distance from the outer boundar% to

prevent unauthorized media access /e"g"& long lensed cameras0

c" Consider closing overhead air space through -ederal 6viation 6dministration /-660

.afet% concerns

a" .econdar% +evices

b" .tructural integrit%

c" Blood borne pathogens

d" <azardous materials /e"g"& chemicals& gases& asbestos0

e" ConditionAstatus of tilities

Command Post

Instructor -ote: +uring an incident or investigation& there is onl% one Command PostH

'hich directs the entire investigation" In most previous instruction& the location& 'hich

controlled the collection of evidence& 'as called the command postH" This is incorrect as thecommand postH controls the entire investigation and is 'ell outside the outer perimeter"

<o'ever& depending on the needs of the specific function& there ma% be a need to establish

Operational CentersH b% investigative function& e"g"& evidence collection"a" +istance of Command Post from the scene"

b" .ecure and protected from elements and unauthorized personnel"

c" #ecessar% communication established 'ith evidence collection operational center"

一"9" .taging locations

a" 6ppropriate locations for the collection of e(uipment prior to dispatch into the crime scene

b" =ocation in 'hich to stage evidence and e(uipment toAfrom scene

c" *(uipment securit% at staging location

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >4



d" Briefing location for personnel prior to entering scene

" *vidence processing& transportation and secure storage locations"

a" .hould have controlled access and protection from adverse environmental elements and crosscontamination

b" ?ehicles should not be used for long term storage

Instructor -ote: 2henever possible& a single vehicle large enough to transport evidence should be used"

c" *vidence ;ecorderACustodian should have a preset location outside inner perimeter to receive

and document recovered evidence

Instructor -ote: This location ma% be in the evidence group or branch Operations Center /Command Post0

一"一

"1" Personnel and e(uipment re(uirements

a" Personal protective e(uipment as re(uired /e"g"& safet% boots& hard hats& t%ve)& respirator%

protection& rubber and 'or) gloves0

=egal and administrative considerations

a" Consider obtaining a legal opinion from a prosecutor relative to re(uirements for a consent tosearch& search 'arrant& and securit% of scene& particularl% for multida% crime scene

processing

Instructor -ote: This should have alread% been done /has been mentioned in several previous

sections0 L 'ording should address an% changes in legal status on scene"

B" Identif% the search procedure for the scene

N =ine search

N .piral

N Grid

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page F



Instructor -ote: The purpose of selecting a specific methodolog% for searching the bombing

crime scene is to establish a s%stematic search methodolog% and minimize the potential of

missing evidence"

1" Grid .earch Patterna" Preferable for bombing crime scene investigations for mapping and evidence collection"

b" .ize of grids should be determined using the follo'ing factors:

1 .ize of the area to be searched

9 @uantit% of evidence or debris at scene

> .everit% of e!plosion

c" The size of the individual grids does not have to be e(ual in size or configuration" +epending on terrain&natural barriers and distance from seat of the e!plosion the grid size ma% var%"

9" =ine .earch Patterna" 6pplicable for searching large areas& regardless of location& urban& suburban& rural"

b" 6 line search can be conducted 'ithin a specific grid /large0">" .piral and Circular

a" =east preferable for bombing crime scene investigations& but fre(uentl% used in 'ild fireinvestigations"

C" *nsure that transient ph%sical evidence has been preserved and collected

1 Personnel should be concerned about the 'eather conditions at the scene /e"g"& 'ind& rain& sun light canmove& alter or destro% evidence0

9 *vidence ma% be removed from the scene b% un'itting *,. and recover% personnel

> Chec) first responders shoes and vehicle tires as appropriate

+" Consider onsite e!plosives detection /e"g"& trace e!plosives detection& use of canines& chemical tests0 b%

(ualified personnel

1" Consider canines’ limitations consult 'ith the canine’s handler"

9" Be a'are of current technological developments and improvement in detection e(uipment and methods

*" Brief the team and revie' assignments

1" +etail re(uirements and provide overvie' of the crime sceneBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1



1" *nsure team members understand their respective assignments

9" Provide overvie' of evidence collection procedures

>" *mphasize personal safet% re(uirements

3. Control Contamination

Principle: Preventing contamination protects the integrit% of the scene and other search areas& the integrit% of

the evidence for forensic anal%ses& and the safet% of personnel"

Procedure: The investigator should ensure that evidence processing personnel:

6" se clean protective outer garments and e(uipment as applicable for each scene"

B" Consider obtaining control samples as applicable /e"g"& evidence containers& s'abs of e(uipment and

personnel0"

C" Pac)age collected evidence in a manner that prevents loss& degradation& or contamination"

+" Pac)age& store& and transport evidence from different scenes or searches in separate e!ternal containers"

Summar.: Proper collection& pac)aging& transportation& and storage 'ill minimize contamination and ensure the

integrit% of the evidence"

6" se clean protective outergarments and e(uipment as applicable for each scene

Instructor -ote: Personnel 'ho have been involved 'ith the evidence processing of a

bombing crime scene& should refrain from participating in a related search of a suspects

possessions due to crosscontamination concerns" <o'ever& should the same personnel bere(uired to search a suspects possessions& clothing 'orn at the scene should removed and

replaced 'ith t%ve) coveralls& gloves& booties and hood"

1" Protective OuterGarments

a" T%ve) 'ith nonpo'dered gloves& booties& and hood

b" Clean or ne' overalls

c" +o not 'ear the same clothingAshoes 'orn during e!plosives disposal& firearms training or fire

suppression

9" Tools and *(uipment Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9



a" se ne'& disposablet%pe tools and materials as appropriate /e"g"& plastic forceps& barrier tape&

plastic buc)ets& and plastic bags0

b" #ondisposable tools should be cleaned 'ith high pressure 'asher and li(uid detergent soap

/e"g"& shovels& sifting screens& hand tools0

B" Consider obtaining control samples as applicable /e"g"& evidence containers& s'abs of e(uipment and

personnel0

Instructor -ote: reference difference bet'een control vs" comparisonH samples"

1" -urnish comparison or control sample of containers to laborator%"

C" Pac)age collected evidence in a manner that prevents loss& degradation& or contamination

1" *vidence re(uiring residue anal%sis should be in heat sealed n%lon bags& unlined metal bags or otherli)e t%pe of containers

9" =i(uids should be placed in unlined metal cans or properl% protected& clean glass Jars

>" Blood contaminated material should be air dried and placed in paper bags

" ;esidue s'abbing materials should be placed in properl% protected glass containers

" General evidence should use paper or plastic& resealable bags

+" Pac)age& store& and transport evidence from different scenes or searches in separate e!ternal containers"

4. )dentify0 Collect0 "reserve0 )nventory0 "ac,a'e0 and Transport Evidence

Principle: The search focuses on the discover% of ph%sical evidence that ma% establish that a crime 'as

committed and lin) elements of the crime to possible suspects"

Procedure: To ma!imize the recover% and evaluation of all t%pes of ph%sical evidence& the investigator should

ensure:6" The preparation of an evidence recover% log /see the sample in appendi! 60 that documents information

such as:

1" Item number"

9" +escription"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >



1" =ocation found /grid number if used0"

9" Collector7s name"

>" ,ar)ings /either directl% on the item or indirectl% on the pac)age0"

" Pac)aging method"

" ,iscellaneous comments"

B" The identification of evidence b%:

1" 6ssigning personnel to designated search areas"

9" Initiating scenespecific search pattern/s0 and procedures& including e!amination of immobile structures for

possible evidence"

>" 6ttempting to determine the method of bomb deliver%"

" *stablishing the seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0& if present"

" +ocumenting blast effects /e"g"& structural damage& bent signs& thermal effects& fragmentation0"

D" *!amining the crater& vehicles& structures& etc"

E" +ocumenting the location/s0 of victims prior to and after the e!plosion"

5" *nsuring that victims are e!amined for bomb component fragments"

4" 6utopsies should include fullbod% !ra%s"

C" The collection of evidence& including:

1" .uspected bomb components and fragments& including those recovered from victims"

9" .uspected materials used in the construction and transportation of the e!plosive device/s0 /e"g"& tape&

batteries& manuals& vehicles0"

>" Crater material"

" ;esidues and other trace evidence /using s'abbing techni(ues0"

" 6dditional items of evidence /e"g"& blood& hair& fiber& fingerprints& tire trac)s& 'eapons& documents& tools0"

D" Comparison samples of indigenous materials"

+" That evidence is:

1" Photographed"

9" Pac)aged and preserved in containers"

>" =abeled /e"g"& date& collector7s initials& item number& location0"

" ;ecorded in the evidence recover% log"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page



1" .ecured in the designated storage location"

*" The labeling& transportation& and storage of evidence b%:

1" Placing evidence from different locations or searches in separate e!ternal containers"

9" =abeling evidence for storage and shipment& including identification of hazards"

>" 6rranging for transportation of the evidence"

Summar.: Identification& collection& preservation& and pac)aging of evidence must be conducted in a manner that protects the item& minimizes contamination& and maintains the chain of custod%" These steps assist in

establishing the elements of a possible crime and provide the basis for thorough& accurate& and obJectiveinvestigation and prosecution processes"

6" The preparation of an evidence recover% log /see the sample in appendi! 60 that documents informationsuch as:

1" Item number"9" +escription"

>" =ocation found /grid number if used0"

" Collector7s name"

" ,ar)ings /either directl% on the item or indirectl% on the pac)age0"

D" Pac)aging method"

E" ,iscellaneous comments

Instructor -ote: The evidence label should contain& at a minimum& the follo'ing: CaseAfilenumber& date found& brief description& location found and collector’s name"

B" The identification of evidence b%:

1" 6ssigning personnel to designated search areas"

9" Initiating scenespecific search pattern/s0 and procedures& including e!amination of immobile structures for

possible evidence"

>" 6ttempting to determine the method of bomb deliver%"

" *stablishing the seat/s0 of the e!plosion/s0& if present"

" +ocumenting blast effects /e"g"& structural damage& bent signs& thermal effects& fragmentation0"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page



1" *!amining the crater& vehicles& structures& etc"

9" +ocumenting the location/s0 of victims prior to and after the e!plosion"

>" *nsuring that victims are e!amined for bomb component fragments" 6utopsies should include fullbod% !

ra%s"

Instructor -ote: Ph%sical evidence is found b% using one or more of the follo'ing organized

search techni(ues: visual& sifting& vacuum& and s'abbing

C" The collection of evidence& including:

1" .uspected bomb components and fragments& including those recovered from victims

a" *nsure evidence is collected from hospitals& morgues& and ambulances

.uspected materials used in the construction and transportation of the e!plosive device/s0 /e"g"& tape& batteries&

manuals& vehicles0"

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%

1" Crater material

a" Protect crater from 'eather& recover% operations& and other evidence collection methods

;esidues and other trace evidence /using s'abbing techni(ues0

Instructor -ote: se current protocols for the collection of s'abbing materials"

1" 6dditional items of evidence /e"g"& blood& hair& fiber& fingerprints& tire tac)s& 'eapons& documents& tools0

Instructor -ote: se current protocols for the collection of the above materials

1" Comparison samples of indigenous materialsa" 2ire& tape& paper electronic components and shipping containers

+" That evidence is:

1" Photographed

a" Before collection or movement& 'ith and 'ithout scale

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page D



b" Onl% significant items of evidence need to be individuall% photographed& e"g"& assembled

fuzing s%stem& items that 'hen moved ma% alter configuration

9" Pac)aged and preserved in containers

Instructor -ote: 2hen using the grid search method& li)e items of evidence 'ithin a single

grid can be placed in the same evidence bag"

1" =abeled /e"g"& date& collector7s initials& item number& location0"

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%*

1" ;ecorded in the evidence recover% log"

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%*

1" .ecured in the designated storage location

Instructor -ote: ;esolve an% potential crosscontamination issues prior to storage location

use" 6dditionall%& if bomb scene is moved to another location for processing& ensure locationis free of materials& 'hich could present crosscontamination issues"

*" The labeling& transportation& and storage of evidence b%:

1" Placing evidence from different locations or searches in separate e!ternal containers

Instructor -ote: The above is selfe!planator%"

1" =abeling evidence for storage and shipment& including identification of hazards

a" *nsure O.<6& +OT and other stateAlocal compliance

b" nconsumed e!plosives should be stored in approved facilities

c" Prior permission is re(uired from -ederal laboratories before unconsumed e!plosives and

initiators can be shipped for their e!amination

6rranging for transportation of the evidence"

Instructor -ote: ;e(uest shipping instructions from the forensic laborator% prior to shipment

of live e!plosives Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page E



Section ": !ompleting and )ecording the Scene Investigation


1" *nsure that all Investigative .teps are +ocumented

9" *nsure that .cene Processing is Complete

>" ;elease the .cene

" .ubmit ;eports to the 6ppropriate #ational +atabases

1. Ensure T#at %ll )nvesti'ative Steps %re Documented

Principle: To ensure that the permanent record 'ill be complete& the investigator should revie' all

documentation before releasing the scene"

Procedure: The investigator should verif% that the follo'ing have been addressed:

6" +ocumentation of maJor events and time lines related to the incident"

B" Personnel access log /see the sample in appendi! 60"

C" 6ctivit% log /see the sample in appendi! 60"

+" ;evie' of intervie's and events"

*" #arrative description of the scene /see the sample in appendi! 60"

-" Photo and video logs /see the sample in appendi! 60"

G" +iagrams& s)etches& and evidence mapping"

<" *vidence recover% log /see the sample in appendi! 60"

Summar.: B% accounting for all investigative steps prior to leaving the scene& the investigator ensures an

accurate and thorough representation of the scene for the permanent record"6" +ocumentation of maJor events and time lines related to the incident"

1" .ee the activit% log sample in 6ppendi! 6 for a listing of activities that should be documented"

B" Personnel access log /see sample in appendi! 60"

1" ;evie' the personnel access log to ma)e sure it is complete" 6n% deficiencies should be resolved"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 5



Instructor -ote: There should be a minimum of one log per da% /assuming that onl% one

person is in charge of scene access0"

1" There are situations 'hen the size of the scene andAor the numbers of personnel does not necessitate the use

of a log per se" In these instances& the information concerning personnel access is documented in otherinvestigative reports& i"e" investigator7s log& chronolog% of events& etc"

C" 6ctivit% log /see the sample in appendi! 60"

1" ;evie' the activit% log to ma)e sure it is complete" 6n% deficiencies should be completed"

9" 6ctivit% log information comprises onl% a part of all the information needed for completion of the timeline"

>" *nsure that activities that occurred prior to the arrival of investigators have been documented" -or e!ample&activities of medical personal& search and rescue teams& and other 'itnesses are recorded" These activities

'ill most li)el% be documentedH through intervie's& but noted in the activit% log"

+" ;evie' of intervie's and events"

1" ;evie' lead trac)ing sheet to ensure that all intervie's have been completed and reported"

9" ;evie' the reports related to all investigative activit%Aevents as the% pertain to the scene prior to its release"

>" 2ith comple! scene investigations 'here processing ta)es several da%s& it ma% not be prudent to 'ait until

the scene has been completed before conducting a revie'" 6t a minimum& briefings should be conducteddail% under these circumstances"

*" #arrative description of the scene /see the sample form in appendi! 60"

1" The narrative description of the scene and investigation details should be included in future reports /e"g"&;eport of Investigation0

9" The investigator7s narrative 'ill supplement and compliment the information captured through photographs&

and diagrams" -or e!ample& the description of damage includes information of building useAoccupanc%&monetar% estimate of damages& collateral damage"

-" Photo and video logs /see the sample in appendi! 60"

1" ;evie' the photo and video logs to ma)e sure the% are complete"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 4



1" 6n% deficiencies in the logs should be addressed"

G" +iagrams& s)etches& and evidence mapping"

1" ;evie' the diagrams& s)etches& etc"& to ma)e sure the% are complete"

9" 6n% deficiencies should be corrected b% the original assigned personnel"

<" *vidence recover% log /see the sample in appendi! 60"

1" ;evie' the evidence log to ma)e sure it is complete"

9" 6n% deficiencies in the logs should be completed b% the evidence custodian"

2. Ensure T#at Scene "rocessin' )s Complete

Principle: The scene ma% be released onl% upon conclusion of the onsite investigation and a thorough evidence

collection process"

Procedure: The investigator should perform a critical revie' of the scene investigation 'ith all personnel& to

include the follo'ing actions:

6" +iscuss 'ith team members& including those not present at the scene& preliminar% scene findings and

critical issues that arose during the incident"

B" *nsure that all identified evidence is in custod%"

C" ;ecover and inventor% e(uipment"

+" +econtaminate e(uipment and personnel"

*" Photograph andAor videotape the final condition of the scene Just before it is released"

-" 6ddress legal considerations"

G" +iscuss post scene issues /e"g"& forensic testing& insurance in(uiries& intervie' results& criminal histories0"

<" Communicate and document post scene responsibilities"

Summar.: The investigator 'ill revie' the scene investigation to ensure that it is complete and that post scene

issues are addressed"

6" +iscuss 'ith team members& including those not present at the scene& preliminar% scene findings andcritical issues that arose during the incident" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page F



1" Can be completed at the final scene debriefing"

9" +iscuss evidence that led to the preliminar% findings"

>" +iscuss additional investigative activit% re(uired to further leads developed during scene e!amination"

" 6t some point prior to the release of the scene& all investigators should be familiar 'ith the evidence that has been collected" This is important 'here there 'ere multiple persons involved in evidence collection& because

some evidence ma% have been identified b% someone in one area& and similar evidence 'as observed in

another area but not deemed of evidentiar% value b% another person"

B" *nsure that all identified evidence is in custod%"

1" *nsure the evidence ;ecover% =ogs have been revie'ed for accurac% and completeness" The *vidence;ecover% =og should reflect evidence actuall% collected and verif% chain of custod%"

C" ;ecover and inventor% e(uipment"

1" .ome tools or e(uipment ma% not be suitable for reuse"

Instructor -ote: *(uipment could be damaged and in need of repair& bro)en or lost" The

evidence recover% )it should be restoc)ed and readied for the ne!t crime scene"

+" +econtaminate e(uipment and personnel"

1" +ispose of an% hand tools that cannot be decontaminated and T%ve) suits& gloves& booties& etc"& used at a

postblast e!plosive scene"

9" Contaminated e(uipment e!posed to trace e!plosives during scene e!amination should be cleaned using high

pressure 'ater& a li(uid soap solution& and a stiff bristle brush"

>" Contaminated clothing should be commerciall% 'ashed& dr% cleaned or destro%ed depending on the

e!plosive encountered and amount of contamination"

Instructor -ote: ;evie' 6T- Interim Guidelines for the Prevention of *!plosivesContamination"

*" Photograph andAor videotape the final condition of the scene Just before it is released"

1" +ocument conditionAsecurit% of the scene for future legal or historical referenceBomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 1



-" 6ddress legal considerations"

1" +ocument the notification to part% in charge of the propert% of an% ph%sical or environmental hazards

remaining at the scene"

9" =iabilit% issues could arise in multitenant buildings 'ith regard to restricted access to propert%" The samecould be true for other t%pes of propert%& namel% vehicles par)ed 'ithin crime scene perimeter"

Instructor -ote: Consult 'ith prosecutors and others regarding search 'arrants& consent

forms& the destruction of hazardous evidence& and other legal issues"

G" +iscuss post scene issues /e"g"& forensic testing& insurance in(uiries& intervie' results& criminal histories0"

1" These issues should be discussed at the final scene debriefing"

9" These issues should continue to be discussed at periodic follo'up investigation status briefings"

>" .ome laborator% e!aminations ma% be destructive andAor hinder other t%pes of e!aminations" Theinvestigator should communicate 'ith the forensic laborator% in order to prioritize e!aminations"

" -or accurateAdetailed 'eather information& the investigator can ac(uire 'ritten data documented b% 'eather professionals to be included in the case file& e"g"& lightning stri)e data& temperature readings& humidit%& etc"

" In some cases& accurate information regarding building securit% and alarmAfire detection s%stem activationsis available through private companies maintaining securit% for the structure in (uestion"

D" The 411 *mergenc% Operations Center is another valuable source of police and fire activities prior to the

arrival of investigators"

E" ?ideo surveillance cameras operated b% various businesses or governmental organizations can also beaccessed as a resource"

5" ;e(uests for information from insurance representatives should be handled in a manner consistent 'ith theestablished procedures for criminal or noncriminal /accidental cause0 investigations"

4" +epending on the direction of the investigation& criminal histor% chec)s ma% be prudent"

<" Communicate and document post scene responsibilities"

1" -inal revie' of all of the above processes" Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page 9



1" *elease t#e Scene

Principle: The release of the scene must be documented" The investigator should ensure communication of

)no'n scenerelated health and safet% issues to a receiving authorit% at the time of release"

Procedure: pon releasing the scene& the investigator should:

6" 6ddress public health and safet% issues b% performing the follo'ing tas)s:

1" Contacting public utilities"

9" *valuating biological and chemical hazards"

>" *valuating structural integrit% issues"

" 6ssessing environmental issues"

B" Identif% a receiving authorit% for the scene"

C" *nsure disclosure of all )no'n health and safet% issues to a receiving authorit%"

+" +ocument the time and date of release& to 'hom the scene is being released& and b% 'hom"

Summar.: The investigator 'ill ensure communication of )no'n health and safet% issues to a receiving

authorit% upon releasing the scene and 'ill document the release"

6" 6ddress public health and safet% issues b% performing the follo'ing tas)s:

1" Contacting public utilities"


1" *valuating biological and chemical hazards"

a" Coordinate 'ith the -ederal or .tate authorities"

*valuating structural integrit% issues"

a" +ocument notification of structural integrit%Asafet% issues to part% in charge"

6ssessing environmental issues"

a" Coordinate 'ith -ederal or .tate authorities"

Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page >



B" Identif% a receiving authorit% for the scene"

Instructor -ote: O'ner or other legal part% in charge"

C" *nsure disclosure of all )no'n health and safet% issues to a receiving authorit%"

Instructor -ote: 6s noted above in /60"

+" +ocument the time and date of release& to 'hom the scene is being released& and b% 'hom"


4. Su(mit *eports to t#e %ppropriate ational Data(ases

Principle: +etailed technical information regarding e!plosive devices is collected& integrated& and disseminated

via national databases" These data help authorities identif% the e!istence of serial bombers& the

sophistication of e!plosive devices being used& and the need for uniform procedures and further

development of e(uipment"

Procedure: The investigator or authorized agenc%’s administration should submit detailed reports to these

databases:

6" 6rson and *!plosives #ational ;epositor% /Bureau of 6lcohol& Tobacco& -irearms& and *!plosives0"

B" Bomb +ata Center /-ederal Bureau of Investigation0"

C" niform Crime ;eports& #ational IncidentBased ;eporting .%stem& and #ational -ire Incident ;eporting

.%stem"

Summar.: The investigator contributes to the compilation of national databases that identif% trends in

e!plosions and other incidents involving e!plosives"

6" 6rson and *!plosives #ational ;epositor% /Bureau of 6lcohol& Tobacco& -irearms& and *!plosives0"

1" Complete report follo'ing instructions"Bomb Blast Investigation Training Outline Page



B" Bomb +ata Center /-ederal Bureau of Investigation0"

1" Complete report follo'ing instructions"

C" niform Crime ;eports& #ational Incident Based ;eporting .%stem& and #ational -ire Incident;eporting .%stem"

1" Complete report follo'ing instructions"

bomb blast investigation training outline page 1

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