bone fractures fracture—break in a bone types of bone fractures closed (simple)...
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Bone Fractures Fracture—break in a bone Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture—break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture—broken bone penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
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Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2
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Repair of Bone Fractures Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is
formed Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to
form a callus Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a
bony callus Bony callus is remodeled to form a
permanent patch
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5, step 1
Hematoma
Hematomaformation
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5, step 2
Hematoma
Externalcallus
Newbloodvessels
Internalcallus(fibroustissue andcartilage)
Spongybonetrabecula
Hematomaformation
Fibrocartilagecallus formation
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5, step 3
Hematoma
Externalcallus
Bonycallus ofspongybone
Newbloodvessels
Internalcallus(fibroustissue andcartilage)
Spongybonetrabecula
Hematomaformation
Fibrocartilagecallus formation
Bony callusformation
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5, step 4
Hematoma
Externalcallus
Bonycallus ofspongybone
Healedfracture
Newbloodvessels
Internalcallus(fibroustissue andcartilage)
Spongybonetrabecula
Hematomaformation
Fibrocartilagecallus formation
Bony callusformation
Bone remodeling
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The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal axis of the body Divided into three parts
Skull Vertebral column Bony thorax
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a
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The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6b
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The Skull Two sets of bones
Cranium Facial bones
Bones are joined by sutures Only the mandible is attached by a
freely movable joint
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Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
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Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8
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Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
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Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
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Paranasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones surrounding
the nasal cavity Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a
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Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b
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The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate
with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the
tongue Aids in swallowing and speech
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The Hyoid Bone
Figure 5.12