PRESENTATION

TISSUE ENGINEERING

FOR BONES REPLACMENT

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-DR. GEETA SINGH SOMDUTTASST. PROF. 14001007912BIOMEDICAL DEPARTMENT BIOMEDICAL DEPARTMENTDCRUST MURTHAL DCRUST MURTHAL

INTRODUCTION A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of

the vertebrate skeleton. Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.

Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure. They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.

FUNCTIONS OF BONE MECHANICAL:- Bones serve a variety of mechanical

functions. They provide a frame to keep the body supported, and an attachment point for skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints.

SYNTHETIC:- The cancellous part of bones contain bone marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis.

METABOLIC:- -mineral storage -Growth factor -Fat storage -Acid base balance -Calcium balance Remodeling:- Bone is constantly being created and

replaced in a process known as remodeling. This ongoing turnover of bone is a process of resumption followed by replacement of bone with little change in shape.

PARTS OF BONE

EPIPHYSIS:- It is a part of bone where the new bone growth takes place

DIAPHYSIS:- It is a primary center of bone.

-Strongest part of bone. METAPHYSIS:- It is the wide portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is based on the understanding of bone structure, bone mechanics, and tissue formation as it aims to induce new functional bone tissues. In other words, to successfully regenerate or repair bone, knowledge of the bone biology and its development is quite essential.

MATERIALS USED FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING METALS- Example: stainless steel.

Uses-total joint replacement, plates. CERAMICS-Example: synthetic( polylactide-co-

galactide ) Natural(chitosan, gelatin) Uses-bone extender, scaffold, drug delivery.

STRATEGIES FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING In general tissue engineering implants are constructed

of a carrier(scaffold) and biologically active factors. These biological factors can be (a combination of ) cell and proteins that stimulates host cell. Therefore, the ingredient for bone tissue engineering can

basically be divided into scaffold, growth factor and cells. SCAFFOLD-Delivery vehicle for osteoinductive

molecules and osteogenic cells. Fill the gap in bone defects and facilitate healing.

GROWTH FACTOR-Signaling molecules that can influences certain cellular function through their binding to specific cell membrane receptors. Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing.

BONE GRAFT GRAFTING-Grafting is a procedure used to

replace/restore missing or gum tissue. BONE GRAFT-Bone grafts are the material used for

replacement or augmentation of the bone. BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF USING BONE GRAFT-

Contain bone forming cell. Serve as scaffold for bone formation. Matrix of bone grafting material contain bone

inductive substance (osteoinduction).

OSTIOINDUCTION

Formation of bone by osteoblasts from the margins of defects at the bone graft material.

Cell mediators at the defect

Stimulation of osteoprogenit

or cellsOsteoblast New Bone

formation

PROPERTIES

BONE REGENRATION Two types of cells are active in the work of bone generation:

-Osteoblasts-OsteoclastsThese cells keep busy by creating new bone material little

by little, day after day. WHY DO BONE REGENRATE ?

-Bones continue to regenerate long after we reach our full height. Even when we become adults, bones continue to regenerate every three years. There are two reasons for this phenomenon.--First, bones supply tissues throughout our bodies with calcium, serving a vital role in keeping us alive and healthy.

-Bones function as storehouse for calcium, providing our bodies with calcium whenever there is a shortage and storing calcium when there is a surplus. In short, bones are constantly regenerated through the constant release and storage of calcium.--Second, bones regenerate to replace old bones. Even strong bones lose their resilience and become fragile as they grow old. Regeneration ensures that bones remain strong and flexible.

OSTEOBLAST-osteoblast are the cell that build bones. OSTEOCLAST-osteoclast are cell that dissolve bone.

FORMING NEW BONE

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