book i unit 14 cultural encounters

7/30/2019 Book I Unit 14 Cultural Encounters

1/51

Cultural EncountersUnit 14


2/51

The term cultural encounter or culture shock was

first introduced by the anthropologist Oberg in

1954. It is a term used to describe the anxiety and

feelings (of surprise, disorientation, confusion, etc.)

felt when people have to operate within an entirely

different cultural or social environment, such as a

foreign country.

What is culture encounter ?


3/51

1. Whats Culture Shock ?

It means strong feelings of discomfort,

fear, or anxiety, which people may have

when they enter another culture.

Translation


4/51

Symptoms of culture shock

excessive washing of handsexcessive concern overFear of physical contactheadaches,

stomach/back aches,dizziness,ulcersexcessive sleepiness

difficult to sleep wellinsomniatend to feel tired

helplessdesire fordependence onfrustratedfear

depressionlonelinessisolatedanger,

aggression,hatred,hostility

withdrawal,

physical & psychological

back


5/51

five phases of culture shock

1

honeymoon2

depression

3

regression

5

reverse4

recovery


6/51

Honeymoon

PhaseEverything usually goes ____________.

Rejection

Phase

The newcomer may encounter manyproblems in ____________, _________,or interpersonal communication. Youmay feel that people may no longer careabout your problem, and they dont like

foreigners. The newcomer may start to________________ and _______ the hostculture.

Regression

Phase

You spend much of your time speaking

your own language, watching video fromyour home country, and eating food from

home. You may remember______________________________________

fairly smoothly

transportation shopping

complain about reject

good things about your home country

only the


7/51

Recovery

Phase

You become more comfortable with the

customs of your host country. You start to

realize that no country__________________________--- they are just

__________.

Reverse

Culture

Shock

You are no longer

_______________________________________.

It may take a little while to become at ease

with your home culture.

is much better than another

different

completely comfortable in your home country


8/51

IV. Recovery / adjustment Stage

You have reached a point where youactually feel ______________ . Thethings that initially made you feel_________, or ___________ are nowthings that you ___________. Nowyou feel _____________; you haveadjusted to the new culture.

good and positive

strange uncomfortableunderstand

comfortable


9/51

How to deal with cultural

encounters? Be aware of the

symptoms

Develop friendships

Have a sense of humor

Ask questions aboutsocial customs

Take a course or read abook on cross-

cultural communication

develop positiveattitude (open-minded)

Find ways to minimizethe irritation

Improve your language

proficiency

Spare time for relaxation Dont be afraid to take

risks

reexam your values and

outlook Talk therapy

talk with other Chinese

go to the outside and try

to look for something youare interested in;

find some Chinese

books / music/ food to

enjoy


10/51

Pre-reading questions

1. 21st Century is a new age. What kind

of age is it?

2. In such an age, what is needed to pass

on information?


11/51

Pre-reading questions

21st century is an Information age.

Language. Communication is impossible

when different peoples speak different

languages. Communication can take place

when people from different cultural

backgrounds share a same language.

In this sense, we can say that the new age is across-cultural communication age which

demands people to have cross-cultural

communication awareness and knowledge.


12/51

3. What language is considered as a global

language? Why?

4. What makes people feel difficult in

communication with non-native speakers?

5. Do you know these terms?

monolingual bilingual multilingual


13/51

Stimulating and Enlightening Quotations:

People begin to understand their own cultures

only after they have begun interacting with

people from another culture.

What is right in one culture may be wrong

in another.

Communication is a risky business.


14/51

In order to avoid communication break-down caused by cultural bumps on thebusiness highway, we must develop

cultural awareness of the influentialfactors behind the speech acts and gain theknowledge of each others behaviorpatterns, polite strategies and cultural

associations, etc.

To learn a foreign language without

learning its culture is a very good way tomake oneself a language fluent fool.


15/51

Take Chinese and English idioms

a drop in the ocean

to laugh off ones head

to shed crocodile tears

to spend money like water

turn up one's nose at

rain cats and dogs

black and blue laugh off one's head

at sixes and sevens


16/51

Susan Bassnett

Susan Bassnett is Professor in the Centrefor Translation and ComparativeCultural Studies which she founded in

the 1980s.

She was educated in several European

countries, which gave hera grounding indiverse languages and cultures.


17/51

She is author of over20books, and her

Translation Studies, (3rd ed. 2002) which first

appeared in 1980, has remained consistently inprint and has become the most important

textbook around the world in the expanding

field of Translation Studies. HerComparative Literature: A Critical

Introduction(1993) has also become an

internationally renowned work and has been

translated into several languages.

Recent books include Sylvia Plath: An

Introduction to the Poetry(2004),.


18/51


19/51

Structural analysis of the text

Every language is part of a culture. Alanguage is a part of a culture, and aculture is a part of a language; the twoare intricately interwoven so that one

cannot separate the two without losingthe significance of either language orculture.

Therefore, The thesis statement theauthor puts forth is Most fundamentalis the profound relationship betweenlanguage and culture that lies at the

heart of society and one that we


20/51

This text is an argumentative essay.

The author presents her argumentlogically and naturally. She uses vivid

examples to produce an impressive

effect.

The authors purpose of writing:

To elucidate the need for international

and intercultural understanding due to

the global expression of English.


21/51

Language points

communicate [v]

(1) make opinions, feelings, information, etc. known or

understood by others, e.g. by speech, writing, or bodily

movements

Eg: Our teachercommunicates his ideas very clearly.Her husband has communicatedhis displeasure to her.

(2) share or exchange feelings, opinions, or information,

etc.

Eg: He is a shy boy who can't communicate very well.

Bats communicate with each other by making ultrasonic

messages.


22/51

remote

(1) distant in space or time(); (

) Eg: We can see remote stars through a telescope. In the remote future, many new changes will be taking

place.

(2) quiet and lonely; far from the city; Eg: One of my remote relatives lives in a remote village

in the hills.

These friends of ours have come from the remotest

comers of the earth. (3)indifferent, , Her manner was polite but remote.

,


23/51

Mock

1. V. Make fun of

---She mocked him as a country boy.

2.Adj. constituting a copy or imitation of something

a mock exam/battle3.N.

Mocking adj,a mocking smile


24/51

back-packing: If you go backpacking, you gotraveling with a backpack.

desert oasis: a place with water and trees in a desert;a place which is different from its surroundings, usu.in a pleasant or comforting way


25/51


26/51

cafe :a small restaurant where light meals anddrinks are served

Eg: Cafes are found everywhere in the city. Cafes in Britain do not serve alcoholic drinks.

Internet cafe


27/51

oasis : Eg: The caravan stopped for the night

at an oasis.

Her bedroom is an oasis ofcalm in the noisy

house.

text message : a written messagethat is sent or received on a mobile phone or

pager

multimedia message


28/51

conference [n] a formal meeting, e.g. betweenpeople who share the same business interests or

belong to the same political party, which is held sothat ideas and opinions can changed

My boss attended a conference on plastics lastweekend.

The manager cannot see you now; she is inconference.

regardless of : without taking account of orworrying about

eg. All our proposals were rejected, regardless oftheir merits.

Regardless ofdanger, he climbed the tower.


29/51

essential [ a] ( ~to / for) completely necessary

for the existence, success, etc. of sth.

Eg.We can live without clothes, but food and

drink are essential.

Essentialservices will be maintained despite

the industrial dispute.

It is essential that every child has the same

educational opportunities. (wrong)

It is essential that every child have the same

educational opportunities.


30/51

In it is important/ vital / essential/ necessary/

desirable thatstructure, it doesnt matterwhether the structure is in the present or past

tense or whether the subject in the that-clause

is in the singular or plural form, we should

always use the basic form of the verb,

especially in formal writing. In British English,should is used before the verb.


31/51

stepping-stone : any of a row of large stones with a

level top, which one walks on to cross a river or stream;

figuratively, a way of improvement or gaining successEg. For some people, gaining power is an essential

stepping-stone to a successful life.

wonder(1) express a wish to know, in words or silentlyEg. "Does she know we are here?" "I'm just wondering.

What are they going to do now, I wonder?

(2) be surprised and want to know why

The fact that she left home isnot to be wonderedat. I

don't wonderat her refusing to marry him.


32/51

easeN.

1.easiness

;

;

---They are expected to win the election with ease.

2. comfort,---a life of luxury and ease

3.freedom from constraint or embarrassment;---I am never at ease with strangers.

V.

1.lessen pain or discomfort; (),

The pain began to ease.2.lessen the intensity of or calm;,,

They did this to ease their economic crisis.

uneasy: not at ease, nervous


33/51

profound

---I give you my profound thanks for saving my life.

a profound sigh / sleep/ insight

at one's peril:(used when advising sb. not to do sth. )

with the near certainty of meeting great danger

Eg. You ignore this warning at your peril.

You take traffic signals lightly at your peril.

Politicians ignore this issue at their peril.


34/51

Most fundamental is...

What is most important is the deep and

strongly felt relationship between language

and culture that forms the core of society. Ifwe fail to notice this relationship, we shall be

in great danger.


35/51

Para 1---Para 3

para 1: global communication

para 2: English & communication

para 3: problems arousing from global communication

relationship between language and culture


36/51

Paragraphs 1-3

Susan Bassnett argues that we live in an

age of easy access to the rest of the

world and this global communicationsrevolution is linked to the expansion of

English. Hence the question concerning

language and culture is raised and

brought into discussion.


37/51

Languages give us the means to shape ourviews of the world

I ------

senior citizen------

classroom------


38/51


39/51


40/51

given

--They were to meet at a given time and place.

(specified, certain)

---Given the present conditions, I think she'sdone rather well.

(considering)

---Given that I have enough time, I'll do it again.(suppose, providing that)


41/51

be given to sth./doing sth.: tend to;

He's given to drinking rather heavily.

She's given to depression.

Children are given to asking questions.


42/51

Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems,...

stretch one's arms and legs on the bed, like a huge characterda).

lying spread-eagled on the bed

T-shaped road junction


43/51

slice [v] cut into slices or thin flat pieces; cut

off as a slice

Eg. Slice the cucumber, please.

Sheslicedup the cake.

Shesliced offa thick piece from the loaf.

Mothers Pride:a brand for bread


44/51

even as: just when, just as

---She went away even as you came.

lose out to sb.: fail, be replaced by

---He didn't want to lose out to the other

salesmen.


45/51

Para 4---Para 7

para 4: different culture---what we can say in onelanguage cannot be expressed at all in another

para 5: bible translation

para 6: compromising

para 7: criticism


46/51

Paragraphs 4-6

By making good use of exemplification, the

author elaborates her view that language

goes further than communication but also

transports a cultural subtext. She further

points out that translators negotiated the

boundaries between languages and came up

with a compromise.


47/51

be well/idealy/better placed for sth. : be in agood position or have a good opportunity to do

sth.

----English graduates are well placed for jobs.

latest:most up-to-date

----He has all the latest pop records.

state of the art: most advanced

---a state-of-the-art system


48/51

Paragraph 8

World peace in the future depends on

intercultural understanding.


49/51

Special terms

culture shock / cultural biases

cultural adjustment

cultural labels

overgeneralization

face threatening acts(FTAS)

etc.


50/51

Every language is part of a culture. As Brown

explains, It is apparent that culture, as an

ingrained set of behaviors and modes of

perception, becomes highly important in the

learning of a second language. A language is a

part of a culture, and a culture is a part of a

language; the two are intricately interwoven sothat one cannot separate the two without losing

the significance of either language or culture.

The acquisition of a second language, except

for specialized, instrumental acquisition, is alsothe acquisition of a second culture (Brown,

1993: 165). Quotations of Denis Waitley


51/51

Therefore, in order to successfully

communicate with English nativespeakers, it is not enough for EFL

learners merely have a good mastery of

vocabulary and a thorough commandof grammar of English; they should

also become familiar with the cultural

differences that may affect properunderstanding of that language.

book i unit 14 cultural encounters

Documents