Book of Abstracts 11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe

23 - 25 September 2015 University of Stuttgart, Germany

TableofContent

ProgrammOverview 1‐7

Abstracts 8

ExperiencedPhDs 8 

Lidar‐Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines, SCHLIPF DAVID          8 

Determination of aerodynamic damping of wind turbines using inverse impulse based                                     

substructuring, SCHAFHIRT SEBASTIAN                9 

Synthetic turbulence inflow method for atmospheric turbulence and its application in complex                                         

terrain, SCHULZ CHRISTOPH, KIM YUSIK                10 

Turbulence in wind turbine wakes under different atmospheric conditions from static and scanning                

Doppler LiDARs, KUMER VALERIE                  11 

Time‐Domain Loads Mapping for Offshore Floating Platforms for Wind Turbines, CAMPOS ALEXIS  12 

Oralpresentations 13

Session:ControlandLoadReduction  Load mitigation for wind turbines by a passive flap, MONTINARI PIERLUIGI        13 

Advanced Multivariable Control Design for Modern Multi‐MW Wind Turbines, RITTER BASTIAN    14 

Active Control of Wind Turbines Through Varying Blade Tip Sweep, BOULAMATSIS ACHILLES    15 

Session:ModellingofWind,TurbineandFoundation 16 Importance sampling of severe wind gusts, BOS RENÉ             16 

Probabilistic Gust Characterization, HANNESDOTTIR ASTA            17 

Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller,                           

RIVA RICCARDO                      18 

Model Calibration for the Soil‐Structure‐Interaction of an Offshore Wind Turbine with Suction                              

Buckets,  EHRMANN ANDREAS                  19 

 

Session:MeteorologicalEffectsandWindPowerEstimation 20 

Variations of the wake height over the Bolund escarpment, LANGE JULIA        20 

Influence of turbulence intensity on wind turbine power curves, BARDAL LARS MORTEN      21 

Wind Power Estimations using OpenFoam Coupled with WRF, LEBLEBICI ENGIN       22 

 

Session:RemoteSensing 23 

Radial wind speed uncertainty of nacelle‐mounted profiling lidars, BORRACCINO ANTOINE    23 

Evolution of wind towards wind turbine, GIYANANI ASHIM            24 

Analysis of Two‐dimensional Inflow Measurements by Lidar‐Based Wind Scanners,                                                             

MEYER FORSTING ALEXANDER                  25

                     

Session:NewConcepts 26 

A New Wind Tower Construction Method using Double Wall Elements, FISCHER ILJA      26 

Gust Load Alleviation through Enhanced Fluid‐Structure Interaction, CORDES ULRIKE      27 

A multi‐band virtual sensing approach for fatigue assessment of monopile wind turbines,                                    

ILIOPOULOS ALEXANDROS                   28 

PIV study of wall bounded Fractal‐grid‐generated Turbulence, AMIRI HAZAVEH HOOMAN    29 

 

Session:GridIntegration,StorageandReliabilityofElectricalComponents 30 

Optimising Power System Integration based on the Energy Ratio, SCHYSKA BRUNO      30 

Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates for a Global Electricity Grid with High Shares                                          

of Renewables, KIES ALEXANDER                  31 

Experimental Set‐up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle Power                                                    

Converter, SMITH CHRISTOPHER                  32 

Hybrid Classifier for Drift‐like Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Converters, TOUBAKH HOUARI    33 

Session:RotorDesignandTesting 34 Integrated high fidelity design optimization of wind turbines, BORTOLOTTI PIETRO      34 

Aerodynamic scaling of a generic wind turbine blade for wind tunnel investigations, BERGER FREDERIK  35 

2D‐PIV Investigation of the Effects of Tip Injection on the Tip Flow Characteristics of a Model HAWT,              

ANIK EZGI                      36 

 

Session:RotorDynamicsandAerodynamics 37 Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Large Composite Wind Turbine Blades, FARSADI TOURAJ    37 

Wind turbine with iced blades: Stability analysis of coupled blade's in‐plane and tower motions,          

GANTASALA SUDHAKAR                    38 

An examination of rotational effects on large wind turbine blades, BANGGA GALIH      39 

An integral boundary layer method for modelling the effects of vortex generators,                                                                              

BALDACCHINO DANIEL                    40 

Session:LoadMeasurementsandTesting 41 How different turbulent inflow conditions affect wind turbines in an experimental approach,                                   

SCHOTTLER JANNIK                    41 

Statistical Extrapolation Methods for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbine Extreme Loads,                                        

LOTT SARAH                      42 

Towards monitoring the consumed fatigue life of fleets of offshore wind turbines,                                                 

WEIJTJENS WOUT                    43 

Session:WindFarmControl 44 Detection of Partial Wake Impingement for Wind Farm Control by Analysis of Rotor Loads,                                              

SCHREIBER JOHANNES                    44 

Lidar ‐ a measurement tool for wind farm control, RAACH STEFFEN          45 

Dynamic Wind Farm Controller, AHMAD TANVIR              46 

Posters 47 

1 ‐ Lift Force Control of a Stand‐Alone Airfoil, AGUIAR DA FRANCA ALINE        47 

2 ‐ Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations of generic 10 MW turbines, JOST EVA    48 

3 ‐ NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SWEEP‐TWIST WIND TURBINE BLADE, KAYA NUMAN      49 

4 ‐ Genetic Algorithm with Gradient Based Optimization for HAWT blade design, KIM YOUJIN    50 

5 ‐ CFD Simulation of a floating horizontal axis model wind turbine, KLEIN LEVIN      51 

6 ‐ Modal testing of a reinforced wind turbine blade, LU HONGYA          52 

7 ‐ QBlade: an open source toolbox for unsteady lifting line simulations of HAWT and                                                              

VAWT turbines, MARTEN DAVID                  53 

8 ‐ Aerofoil Design Optimisation for Wind or Tidal Turbines, PUN CHANDRA        54 

9 ‐ Free‐form design of low‐induction rotors, SARTORI LUCA            55 

10 ‐ Aerodynamic Study of Curved Blades Using Lifting Line Code, WANG ZI        56 

11 ‐ Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions,                                        

YIRTICI OZCAN                      57 

12 ‐ Comparison of different rotating modelling techniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation,                                 

ZHANG YE                      58 

13 ‐ Numerical investigations of an airfoil in the wake of a slotted cylinder, FISCHER ANNETTE    59 

14 ‐ Experimental Study of Effects of Tip Injection on the Performance of Two Interacting Wind                                    

Turbines, OSTOVAN YASHAR                  60 

15 ‐ Steady and Transient 3D Analysis of a Model Wind Turbine, TABATABAEI NARGES      61 

16 ‐ Improving wind climate estimation using one‐way coupled meso‐ to microscale models,                                              

OLSEN BJARKE TOBIAS                    62 

17 ‐ A Southern German joint research project towards a better understanding of complex                                                   

terrain sites, SCHULZ CHRISTOPH                  63 

18 ‐ Reconstruction of Micro Scale Atmosphereric flowfields based on proper orthogonal                                       

decomposition, SEVINE TANSU                  64 

19 ‐ Numerical investigation and validation of wind energy relevant flows using a stochastic                                               

based eddy resolving turbulence model, AHMADI GHAZALEH            65 

20 ‐ The influence of shear flow on the performance and wake characteristics of a                                                                        

model turbine, BARTL JAN                   66 

21 ‐ Wake development behind a turbine for different flow inlet turbulence, CECCOTTI CLIO    67 

22 ‐ Wind‐farm performance prediction and optimization with a unique weather predictor,                                 

KIM YOUJIN                      68 

23 ‐ Uncertainty of Power Production Predictions of Stationary Wind Farm Models,                                                             

MURCIA JUAN PABLO                    69 

24 ‐ Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm, NOPPE NYMFA      70 

25 ‐ LES modelling of wind turbine wakes at full and reduced scales, WANG JIANGANG      71 

26 ‐ Combined power output of an array two turbines in‐line, WIKLAK PIOTR        72 

27 ‐ LES for industrial wind farm aerodynamics, MEHTA DHRUV          73 

28 ‐ Advanced Lidar‐Assisted Control Concepts for Large Wind Turbines, FUERST HOLGER    74 

29 ‐ State Feedback Disturbance Rejection for Pitch Regulated Variable Speed Wind Turbine,                                       

HUSSAIN ROHAIDA                    75 

30 ‐ Stochastic Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces acting on Airfoils in turbulent Inflow,                                                       

KAMPERS GERRIT                     76 

31 ‐ Support Structure Load Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines by Different Control Concepts,                          

SHRESTHA BINITA                    77 

32 ‐ Adaption of Wind Turbine Model For Incorporation into Wind Farm Simulation,                                                   

HAMMOND PAUL                     78 

33 ‐ Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind                                                         

Turbine Subsystems ‐ Part 1, ARNE BARTSCHAT              79 

34 ‐ Towards the Robust Design Optimization of Wind Turbines, LOGANATHAN JAIKUMAR    80 

35 ‐ Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind                                                 

Turbine Subsystems ‐Part 2, MORIßE MARCEL              81 

36 ‐ Model Fidelity Evaluation in the Multidisciplinary Optimisation of Offshore Wind Farms,                                   

SEBASTIAN SANCHEZ PEREZ‐MORENO                82 

37 ‐ Derivation of a Lumped Parameter Model of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine,  STEER JAMES    83 

38 ‐ Wind Generation Modelling in Reliability Studies: Challenges and Opportunities, NUNO EDGAR  84 

39 ‐ Synchronous Machine Assisted by Permanent Magnets for Direct‐Drive Wind Turbine,                                      

PLOYARD MAXIME                    85 

40 ‐Slamming Load Considerations for Offshore Wind Structures, TU YING        86 

41 ‐ Unsteady and Turbulent Rotor Loads, EHRICH SEBASTIAN           87 

42 ‐ A broad sensitivity analysis of uncertainties for offshore wind turbine support structures,                                        

STIENG LARS EINAR                     88 

43 ‐ Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed                                        

wind energy, CHUDY ANNA                  89 

44 ‐ A wind‐wave coupling system for coastal storm simulations, DU JIANTING        90 

45 ‐ Evaluation of methods to calculate wind speed profiles: A case study on Frøya, Norway,                     

FECHNER SOEREN                    91 

46 ‐ Investigation Of The Flow Over An Escarpment With Regard To Wind‐Energy Research                                  

Using Small Remotely Piloted Aircraft, RAUTENBERG ALEXANDER          92 

47 ‐ Operational Fatigue Calculation from Wind Characteristics for Wind Turbine Tower                                                             

and Blades, HART EDWARD                  93 

48 ‐ Embedded system for wirless communication, BOUANBA YACINE          94 

49 ‐ Derivative action charge control for a heaving buoy, PolyWEC device, MCGILTON BEN    95 

50 ‐ WEC Array Modelling Benchmarking Study, ZORZI GIORGIO          96 

51 ‐ Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines Using Generator Output Signals ,                                 

IBRAHIM RAED                      97 

52 ‐ Mechanical‐level Hardware in the Loop Simulation for a Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench,                                 

LEISTEN CHRISTIAN                    98 

53 ‐ Vibration Analysis of Multi‐Stage Epicyclic Gearboxes, ROBERTS OWAIN        99 

54 ‐ Survey of Wind Turbine Inspection, RUBERT TIM             100 

Appendix 

Sitemapsanddirections

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

TIME EVENT

1:00 pm -6:00 pm

EAWE Board Meeting - EAWE Board Meeting

7:30 pm -9:00 pm

Ice Breaker - Cafe Faust, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24c

Wednesday, September 23, 2015

TIME EVENT

8:00 am -9:00 am

Registration - Register for the Conference & Poster Installation

9:00 am -9:15 am

Welcome (V47.03) - Various

9:15 am -10:15 am

The key role of uncertainty in forecasting and future electricity markets (V47.03) - Pierre Pinson

10:15 am -10:30 am

Poster Presentation 1 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters

10:15 - 10:20 › CFD Simulation of a floating horizontal axis model wind turbine - Levin Klein, University ofStuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics

10:15 - 10:20 › Genetic Algorithm with Gradient Based Optimization for HAWT blade design - YouJin Kim,Institutes of Fluid Mechanics, FAU Busan Campus

10:15 - 10:20 › Lift Force Control of a Stand-Alone Airfoil - Aline Aguiar da Franca, Coordenação deAperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Institut für Regelungstechnik

10:15 - 10:20 › NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A SWEEP-TWIST WIND TURBINE BLADE - Mehmet Numan Kaya,Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University

10:15 - 10:20 › Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations of generic 10 MW turbines - Eva Jost,University of Stuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics

10:20 - 10:25 › Aerofoil Design Optimisation for Wind or Tidal Turbines - Chandra Pun, University of Strathclyde

10:20 - 10:25 › Free-form design of low-induction rotors - Luca Sartori, Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieAerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano

10:20 - 10:25 › Modal testing of a reinforced wind turbine blade - Hongya Lu, Department of MechanicalEngineering,Tsinghua University

10:20 - 10:25› QBlade: an open source toolbox for unsteady lifting line simulations of HAWT and VAWTturbines - David Marten, TU Berlin

10:25 - 10:30 › Aerodynamic Study of Curved Blades Using Lifting Line Code - Zi Wang, G. J.W. van Bussel,Terry Hegberg

10:25 - 10:30 › Comparison of different rotating modelling techniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation - YeZhang, Delft University of Technology

10:25 - 10:30 › Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions -Ozcan Yirtici, METU Center for Wind Energy

10:30 am -11:00 am

Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)

11:00 am -11:30 am

Lidar-assisted control concepts for wind turbines (V47.03) - Experienced PhD: Dr.-Ing. DavidSchlipf

1 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

1

TIME EVENT

11:00 am -11:30 am

Towards optimized support structures via efficient analysis and computer-aided algorithms(V47.05) - Experienced PhD: Sebastian Schafhirt

11:30 am -12:30 pm

Session: Rotor Design and Testing (V47.03) - Alessandro Croce

11:30 - 11:50 › Integrated high fidelity design optimization of wind turbines - Pietro Bortolotti, Technical UniversityMunich

11:50 - 12:10 › Aerodynamic scaling of a generic wind turbine blade for wind tunnel investigations - FrederikBerger, ForWind – University of Oldenburg

12:10 - 12:30› 2D-PIV Investigation of the Effects of Tip Injection on the Tip Flow Characteristics of a ModelHAWT - Ezgi Anik, Middle East Technical University - ANAS ABDULRAHIM, Middle East TechnicalUniversity - Oguz Uzol, Middle East Technical University

11:30 am -12:30 pm

Session: Remote Sensing (V47.05) - Jakob Mann

11:30 - 11:50› Radial wind speed uncertainty of nacelle-mounted profiling lidars - Antoine Borraccino, DTU WindEnergy

11:50 - 12:10 › Evolution of wind towards wind turbine - Ashim Giyanani, Wind Energy Research Group, DelftUniversity of Technology

12:10 - 12:30 › Analysis of Two-dimensional Inflow Measurements by Lidar-Based Wind Scanners - AlexanderMeyer Forsting, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet

12:30 pm -2:00 pm

Lunch (Commundo)

2:00 pm -3:00 pm

Wind Energy and Society: Is the Past Prologue? (V47.03) - Bonnie Ram (DTU)

3:00 pm -3:15 pm

Poster Presentation 2 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters

15:00 - 15:05› A Southern German joint research project towards a better understanding of complex terrainsites - Christoph Schulz, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart

15:00 - 15:05› Experimental Study of Effects of Tip Injection on the Performance of Two Interacting WindTurbines - Yashar Ostovan, Metu Center for Wind Energy, Department of Aerospace Enginnering,Middle East Technical University

15:00 - 15:05› Improving wind climate estimation using one-way coupled meso- to microscale models - BjarkeTobias Olsen, Department of Wind Energy

15:00 - 15:05 › Numerical investigations of an airfoil in the wake of a slotted cylinder - Annette Fischer,University of Stuttgart, Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics

15:00 - 15:05 › Steady and Transient 3D Analysis of a Model Wind Turbine - Narges Tabatabaei, Luleå Universityof Technology

15:05 - 15:10› Numerical investigation and validation of wind energy relevant flows using a stochastic basededdy resolving turbulence model - Ghazaleh Ahmadi, ForWind, Institute of Physics, University ofOldenburg

15:05 - 15:10› RECONSTRUCTION OF MICRO SCALE ATMOSPHERIC FLOWFIELDS BASED ON PROPERORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION - tansu sevine, Middle East Technical University, METU Centerfor Wind Energy

15:05 - 15:10› The influence of shear flow on the performance and wake characteristics of a model turbine -Guro Maal, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - Jan Bartl, Norwegian University ofScience and Technology

15:05 - 15:10 › Wake development behind a turbine for different flow inlet turbulence - clio ceccotti, NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology - Andrea Spiga, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

15:05 - 15:10 › Wind-farm performance prediction and optimization with a unique weather predictor - YouJinKim, Institutes of Fluid Mechanics, FAU Busan Campus

2 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

2

TIME EVENT

15:10 - 15:15 › Combined power output of an array two turbines in-line - Piotr Wiklak, Technical University ofLodz - Szymon Luczynski, Technical University of Lodz

15:10 - 15:15 › Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm - Nymfa Noppe, Offshore WindInfrastructure-lab / Vrije Universiteit Brussel

15:10 - 15:15› LES for industrial wind farm aerodynamics - Dhruv Mehta, Delft University of Technology, Energyresearch Centre of the Netherlands

15:10 - 15:15 › LES modelling of wind turbine wakes at full and reduced scales - Jiangang Wang, TechnicalUniversity of Munich

15:10 - 15:15 › Uncertainty of Power Production Predictions of Stationary Wind Farm Models - Juan PabloMurcia, PhD Student, Wind Energy Department, Technical University of Denmark

3:15 pm -3:45 pm

Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)

3:45 pm -5:05 pm

Session: Rotor Dynamics and Aerodynamics (V47.03) - Oguz Uzol

15:45 - 16:05› Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Large Composite Wind Turbine Blades - Touraj Farsadi, MiddleEast Technical University, METU Wind Centre

16:05 - 16:25 › Wind turbine with iced blades: Stability analysis of coupled blade's in-plane and tower motions -Sudhakar Gantasala, Luleå University of Technology

16:25 - 16:45 › An examination of rotational effects on large wind turbine blades - Galih Bangga, Institute ofAerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart

16:45 - 17:05› An integral boundary layer method for modelling the effects of vortex generators - DanielBaldacchino, Delft University of Technology

3:45 pm -5:05 pm

Session: New Concepts (V47.05) - Carlo L. Bottasso

15:45 - 16:05 › A New Concept for Tower Structures of Wind Turbines - Ilja Fischer, Vienna University ofTechnology - TU Wien

16:05 - 16:25 › Gust Load Alleviation through Enhanced Fluid-Structure Interaction - Ulrike Cordes, DarmstadtUniversity of Technology

16:25 - 16:45› A multi-band virtual sensing approach for fatigue assessment of monopile wind turbines -Alexandros Iliopoulos, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

16:45 - 17:05 › PIV study of wall bounded Fractal-grid-generated Turbulence - Hooman Amiri Hazaveh, MiddleEast Technical University (Aerospace Engineering Department)

7:00 pm -8:00 pm

Reception at City Hall - Rathaus, Marktplatz 1

Thursday, September 24, 2015

TIME EVENT

8:30 am -9:00 am

Registration - Register for the Conference

9:00 am -9:15 am

Info (V47.03) - Various

9:15 am -10:15 am

Game-changing innovations in wind energy (V47.03) - Henrik Stiesdal

10:15 am -10:30 am

Poster Presentation 3 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters

3 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

3

TIME EVENT

10:15 - 10:20 › Adaption of Wind Turbine Model For Incorporation into Wind Farm Simulation - Paul Hammond,University of Strathclyde

10:15 - 10:20 › Advanced Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Large Wind Turbines - Holger Fürst, StuttgartWind Energy (SWE)

10:15 - 10:20› State Feedback Disturbance Rejection for Pitch Regulated Variable Speed Wind Turbine -Rohaida Hussain, University of Strathclyde

10:15 - 10:20 › Stochastic Analysis of Aerodynamic Forces acting on Airfoils in turbulent Inflow - Gerrit Kampers,ForWind, Center for wind energy research, University of Oldenburg

10:15 - 10:20 › Support Structure Load Mitigation of Offshore Wind Turbines by Different Control Concepts -Binita Shrestha, ForWind-Center for wind energy research

10:20 - 10:25› Derivation of a Lumped Parameter Model of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine - James Steer,University of Strathclyde

10:20 - 10:25› Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind TurbineSubsystems – Part 1 - Arne Bartschat, Fraunhofer Institut for Wind Energy and Energy SystemsTechnology

10:20 - 10:25› Model Based Approach to Examine the Interactions of Electrical and Mechanical Wind TurbineSubsystems – Part 2 - Marcel Moriße, Leibniz Universität Hannover

10:20 - 10:25 › Model Fidelity Evaluation in the Multidisciplinary Optimisation of Offshore Wind Farms - SanchezPerez-Moreno Sebastian, Delft University of Technology

10:20 - 10:25 › Towards the Robust Design Optimization of Wind Turbines - Jaikumar Loganathan, GE GlobalResearch, Technical University Munich

10:25 - 10:30› A broad sensitivity analysis of uncertainties for offshore wind turbine support structures - LarsEinar S. Stieng, Norwegian University of Science and Technology

10:25 - 10:30 › Slamming Load Considerations for Offshore Wind Structures - Ying Tu, Norwegian University ofScience and Technology

10:25 - 10:30 › Synchronous Machine Assisted by Permanent Magnets for Direct-Drive Wind Turbine - MaximePloyard, Ecole Centrale de Lille

10:25 - 10:30› Unsteady and Turbulent Rotor Loads - Sebastian Ehrich, ForWind, Institute of Physics, Universityof Oldenburg

10:25 - 10:30 › Wind Generation Modelling in Reliability Studies: Challenges and Opportunities - Edgar Nuño,Wind Energy Division - Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy

10:30 am -11:00 am

Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)

11:00 am -11:30 am

Synthetic turbulence inflow method for atmospheric turbulence and its application in complexterrain (V47.03) - Experienced PhD: Christoph Schulz, Yusik Kim

11:00 am -11:30 am

Turbulence in wind turbine wakes under different atmospheric conditions from static and scanningDoppler LiDARs (V47.05) - Experienced PhD: Valerie-Marie Kumer

11:30 am -12:30 pm

Session: Wind Farm Control (V47.03) - Gijs van Kuik

11:30 - 11:50 › Detection of Partial Wake Impingement for Wind Farm Control by Analysis of Rotor Loads -Johannes Schreiber, Technical University Munich

11:50 - 12:10› Lidar – a measurement tool for wind farm control - Steffen Raach, Stuttgart Wind Energy,University of Stuttgart

12:10 - 12:30 › Dynamic Wind Farm Controller - Tanvir Ahmad, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences,Durham University, UK

11:30 am -12:30 pm

Session: Load Measurements and Testing (V47.05) - Christof Devriendt

4 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

4

TIME EVENT

11:30 - 11:50 › How different turbulent inflow conditions affect wind turbines – an experimental approach -Jannik Schottler, ForWind, Center for wind energy research, University of Oldenburg

11:50 - 12:10 › Statistical Extrapolation Methods for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbine Extreme Loads -Sarah Lott, Stuttgart Wind Energy @ Institute of Aircraft Design

12:10 - 12:30› Towards monitoring the consumed fatigue life of fleets of offshore wind turbines - WoutWeijtjens, Offshore Wind Infrastructure-lab / Vrije Universiteit Brussel

12:30 pm -2:00 pm

Lunch (Commundo)

2:00 pm -3:00 pm

The importance of wind turbine aerodynamics Illustrated with results from internationalcooperation projects (V47.03) - Gerard Scheper

3:00 pm -3:15 pm

Poster Presentation 4 (V47.03) - 1 min presentations of posters

15:00 - 15:05 › A wind-wave coupling system for coastal storm simulations - Jianting Du, Department of WindEnergy

15:00 - 15:05› Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed wind energy- Anna Chudy, Lodz University of Technology

15:00 - 15:05 › Evaluation of methods to calculate wind speed profiles: A case study on Frøya, Norway - SörenFechner, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet

15:00 - 15:05› Investigation Of The Flow Over An Escarpment With Regard To Wind-Energy Research UsingSmall Remotely Piloted Aircraft. - Alexander Rautenberg, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen

15:00 - 15:05› Operational Fatigue Calculation from Wind Characteristics for Wind Turbine Tower and Blades- Edward Hart, University of Strathclyde

15:05 - 15:10› Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbines Using Generator Output Signals -Raed Ibrahim, Loughborough University - Simon Watson, Loughborough University

15:05 - 15:10 › Derivative action charge control for a heaving buoy, PolyWEC device - Ben McGilton, Universityof Strathclyde

15:05 - 15:10 › Embedded system for wirless communication - Yacine Bouanba, MERSEN

15:05 - 15:10› Mechanical-level Hardware in the Loop Simulation for a Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench -Christian Leisten, Center for Wind Power Drives, RWTH Aachen University, Institute of AutomaticControl, RWTH Aachen University

15:05 - 15:10 › WEC Array Modelling Benchmarking Study - Giorgio Zorzi, University of Strathclyde

15:10 - 15:15 › Survey of Wind Turbine Inspection - Tim Rubert, University of Strathclyde

15:10 - 15:15› Vibration Analysis of Multi-Stage Epicyclic Gearboxes - Owain Roberts, Wind and Marine EnergySystems, Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Strathclyde

3:15 pm -3:45 pm

Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)

3:45 pm -5:05 pm

Session: Modelling of Wind, Turbine and Foundation (V47.03) - Michael Muskulus

15:45 - 16:05 › Importance sampling of severe wind gusts - René Bos, Wind Energy Research Group, DelftUniversity of Technology

16:05 - 16:25 › Probabilistic Gust Characterization - Asta Hannesdottir, Department of Wind Energy

16:25 - 16:45› Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller -Riccardo Riva, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano

16:45 - 17:05› Model Calibration for the Soil-Structure-Interaction of an Offshore Wind Turbine with SuctionBuckets - Andreas Ehrmann, Institute of Structural Analysis - Leibniz Universität Hannover

5 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

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TIME EVENT

3:45 pm -5:05 pm

Session: Grid Integration, Storage and Reliability of Electrical Components (V47.05) - SandrineAubrun

15:45 - 16:05 › Optimising Power System Integration based on the Energy Ratio - Bruno Schyska, University ofOldenburg, ForWind Center for wind energy research

16:05 - 16:25› Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates for a Global Electricity Grid with High Shares ofRenewables - Alexander Kies, ForWind-Center for wind energy research

16:25 - 16:45› Experimental Set-up for Applying Wind Turbine Operating Profiles to the Nacelle PowerConverter - Christopher Smith, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University

16:45 - 17:05 › Hybrid Classifier for Drift-like Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Converters - Houari TOUBAKH,Ecole des mines de Douai

7:00 pm -10:00 pm

Conference Dinner - Kursaal Cannstatt, Königsplatz 1

Friday, September 25, 2015

TIME EVENT

8:30 am -9:00 am

Registration - Register for the Conference

9:00 am -9:15 am

Info (V47.03) - Various

9:15 am -10:15 am

How to manage innovations and technologies to lower wind cost of energy (V47.03) - MarkJonkhof

10:15 am -10:45 am

Poster Session & Coffee Break (Foyer basement)

10:45 am -11:15 am

TBA (V47.03) - eawe Excellent Young Wind Doctor Awardee

10:45 am -11:15 am

Time-domain load mapping for floating offshore wind turbines (V47.05) - Experienced PhD: AlexisCampos Hortigüela

11:15 am -12:15 pm

Session: Control and Load Reduction (V47.03) - Po Wen Cheng

11:15 - 11:35 › Load mitigation for wind turbines by a passive flap - Pierluigi Montinari

11:35 - 11:55 › Advanced Multivariable Control Design for Modern Multi-MW Wind Turbines - Ritter Bastian,Technische Universität Darmstadt

11:55 - 12:15 › Active Control of Wind Turbines Through Varying Blade Tip Sweep - Achilles Boulamatsis,University of Thessaly

11:15 am -12:15 pm

Session: Meteorological Effects and Wind Power Estimation (V47.05) - Thorsten Lutz

11:15 - 11:35 › Variations of the wake height over the Bolund escarpment - Julia Lange, Technical University ofDenmark

11:35 - 11:55 › Influence of turbulence intensity on wind turbine power curves - Lars Morten Bardal, NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology

11:55 - 12:15 › Wind Power Estimations using OpenFoam Coupled with WRF - Engin Leblebici, METU Center forWind Energy, Middle East Technical University

12:15 pm -12:30 pm

Farewell (V47.03) - Various

6 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

6

TIME EVENT

12:30 pm -2:00 pm

Lunch (Commundo)

2:00 pm -4:00 pm

Excursion - please find more information by clicking the tab "excursions" on the left. - please findmore information by clicking the tab "excursions" on the left.

7 von 7 17.09.2015 16:35

7

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Experienced PhDs

Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines David Schlipf

#University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Wind Energy (SWE)

Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany schlipf@ifb.uni-stuttgart.de

In recent years lidar technology has found its way into wind

energy. At the beginning of the research of the present thesis project, ``Lidar-Assisted Control Concepts for Wind Turbines'', the main application was the assessment of sites for wind turbine installations. The possibility to optimize the energy production and reduce the structural loads by nacelle or spinner based lidar systems was already considered a promising field of application. This is because of the fact that wind turbines are highly dynamic systems that are excited by stochastic influences from the wind and most of the wind turbine control is designed to deal with variations in this disturbance. However, traditional feedback controllers are only able to react to impacts of wind changes on the turbine dynamics after these impacts have already occurred. Lidar-assisted control algorithms, which can exploit preview information of the wind, are promising to provide improved operation over conventional control algorithms, with the ultimate aim of increasing the energy yield while keeping the structural loads low. The principle can be depicted by an analogue: a person riding, and thus controlling, a bicycle uses the vision and the prediction of the movements to circumvent obstacles instead of reacting to the impact of the obstacle on the wheels. In a similar way, lidar-assisted wind turbine control is expected to improve the control performance significantly over conventional feedback controllers. Due to limitations in the lidar measurement principle, the complexity of the wind, and nonlinear dynamics of the wind turbines, lidar-assisted control of wind turbines is a highly interdisciplinary field of research, including meteorology, signal processing, remote sensing, mechanics and control. With a holistic and integrated approach, the world's first proof-of-concept of lidar-assisted control could be successfully performed within this thesis project. This has been achieved by dividing the overall problem in to separate measurement and control problems. The measurement problem addresses the question: how can signals which are useful for control be extracted from lidar measurements? The control problem addresses the question: how can these signals then be used to improve the performance of wind turbine control. However, these questions are highly correlated with each other. While the data generated by the measurement device must contain useful information to allow for improving the control performance, the control algorithm itself requires continuous adaptation to the quality and information content present in the measurements. Furthermore, the level of detail of the computational models of the wind turbine and the disturbances employed by the control algorithm must also be in accordance with the measurement quality and at the same time they should meet the requirements imposed by the chosen control approach.

Based on these considerations, the first part of this thesis presents the work done in the field of processing raw lidar data. Here, two important issues have been addressed and solved for providing signals for lidar-assisted control from raw lidar data. The first issue addressed is the limitation of line-of-sight wind speeds. The lidar system measures the speed of the aerosols traveling in the direction of the laser beam, thus only a one-dimensional component of the three-dimensional wind vector. Therefore, it is mathematically impossible to measure a three-dimensional wind vector with a single nacelle or spinner based lidar system. To solve this issue, model based estimation techniques have been developed to provide a good estimate of wind characteristics such as the rotor effective wind speed. The second important issue for processing raw lidar data is that the wind characteristics measured by a lidar system will differ from those experienced by the turbine, because of several effects such as wind evolution. In this thesis an analytic model has been developed which calculates the correlation between the lidar estimates and the reaction of the wind turbine. The model can be used to optimize lidar scan configurations and to design an adaptive filter essential for preview control of wind turbines.

The second part presents possible lidar-assisted control

concepts. All controllers are designed first for the case of perfect wind speed measurements and then adjusted for realistic measurements. The most promising approach is the collective pitch feedforward controller using the knowledge of the incoming wind speed. The approach provides an additional control update to assist common collective blade pitch control and therefore is convenient for industrial applications. Significant improvement in rotor speed regulation and in load reduction were achieved in realistic simulations and have been confirmed with successful field tests on two research wind turbines. Moreover, a flatness-based feedforward approach has been designed that allows the calculations of the control action based on trajectories of the rotor speed and tower motion. With this approach, the tower loads can be regulated directly by providing an update to the collective pitch and the generator torque. An analysis with simulated lidar measurements reveals that the tower loads can be further reduced compared to the collective pitch feedforward controller. However, the flatness-based controller is more difficult to tune.

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REFERENCES Freris, L.L., “WEnglewood ClifKühn, M., “DyEnergy ConverInstitute, TU DeSalzmann, D.J. Design of SupOffshore Wind EPasson, P., Branturbine foundati

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REFERENCES Hancock, P. E., Wake of a LargeWake Flow. doi:10.1007/s10Wharton, S., & wind turbine po14005. doi:10.10

PhD Semina

es undtic ands er#2

rgen

intensity of radiad over one day (b

& Pascheke, F. (e Wind Turbine i

Boundary-Laye0546-013-9887-x

Lundquist, J. K.ower collection. E088/1748-9326/7

ar on Wind E23-25

StuEx

der difd scan

al wind speeds dubottom) measured

(2014). Wind-Tunin a Stable Bounder Meteorology

. (2012). AtmospEnvironmental R

7/1/014005

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germxperienced P

fferentnning

uring 10 minutes d by a Windcube

nnel Simulation odary Layer: Part 2y, 151(1), 23

pheric stability afResearch Letters,

rope 2015

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11

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Experienced PhDs

TIME-DOMAIN LOAD MAPPING FOR FOWT’SAlexis Campos#1, Pau Trubat, Climent Molins, Daniel Alarcón

#Engineering Construction Dept, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)

JordiGirona 1-3 C1-206 (CN) 08034 Barcelona (Spain) 1alexis.campos@upc.edu

Keywords – Floating, Offshore, Concrete, Loads,

Mapping, Offshore, Structures

I. INTRODUCTION

Since floating offshore wind energy has become a real

option for the energy market, the engineering knowledge acquired along decades in the Oil & Gas is clearly shown in the concepts and prototypes which have been developed in several different countries.

The use of steel as basic construction material is the most common choice for them, despite the investment and the maintenance costs of steel are much larger. This situation has enforced the industry to consider other materials cheaper and durable like reinforced concrete.

Because the limitations of the different existing software for the structural assessment of concrete floating offshore structures, as the difficulty to obtain a time-domain load mapping over the structure or the fact that most of them are designed for steel structures, a computational tool is under development.

II. THE NUMERICAL TOOL

The main objective of the code is to be useful for the

predesign of a floating structure under wave and wind loads. The tool is focused to obtain the internal forces by mapping

the 3D pressures around the structure at each time step, being useful for structural pre-design, highly customizable and with the capability to add new modules to consider new effects and improve the precision of the actual modules. At the present stage, the structural assessment is done assuming rigid body and bar elements, which is a good approach to slender structures as SPAR buoys (Figure 1).

Currently the numerical code is capable to predict the non-linear behaviour of the floating structure, computing the hydrodynamic forces by using Morison’s equation with linear and non-linear wave kinematics.

The hydrodynamic behaviour accuracy of the numerical tool has been proven during the experimental campaign of a SPAR-type structure [2], where the results were successfully simulated with the code [1].

The implementation of potential flow theory is under development to be possible to deal with larger structures such as TLP or semisub platforms. Also a 3D FEA is under development in order to be able to deal with the structural assessment of those larger structures, which cannot be simulated with linear members as beams.

Figure 1: Internal forces envelopes from a time-domain simulation of a

SPAR type structure

III. CONCLUSION

A powerful tool is under development for the time-domain dynamic structural analysis, which scope includes the vast majority of the offshore platforms types.

The code merges the structural information from the diffraction problem, usually provided by other software in frequency-domain, with the pressures computed in time-domain, which offers valuable structural information of any member in a time-domain series, including the non-linearity of structure itself in the motions computation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to acknowledge to Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan government, for its financial support during the development of the code.

REFERENCES [1] Campos, A; Molins, C; Gironella, X; Trubat, P; Alarcón, D.,

“Experimental RAO’s analysis of a monolithic spar concrete structure for offshore floating wind turbines,” in Proceedings OMAE2015, 2015

[2] Campos, A; Molins, C; Gironella, X; Trubat, P; Alarcón, D., “Experiments on a scale model of a monolithic concrete spar for floating wind turbines,” in EWEA Offshore 2015 Copenhagen, 2015.

12

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ACKNOWLEDG

Support of theowledged.

REFERENCES Bisplinghoff, RWiley & Sons, IHansen, M.O.LEdition, 2008

PhD Semina

Session:

for winflap oni#2,

ogies,

n, 20152 polimi.it

mic loads on tsteady strip thmpressible flocial step resptic state spaceions.

RESULTS

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pitch time hisservoelastic s

machine. Thity function

valuated using of the passive

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tained so far ng potential: 1the solution

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R.L., Ashley, H.: Inc., Hoboken, Ne.: ‘’Aerodynamic

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he presented whe joint resear

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REFERENCES Körber, A.: “ExTurbines: A MoConstraints”, PhRitter, B., FürsModel for Simuthe German Win

PI-StaContro

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PhD Semina

Session:

ol DesTurbi

i1,2

niversity of Daany

armstadt, Germ

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gue Load ReduciControl Approacnical University oki, U., Eichhorn

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ACKNOWLEDG

he research lem the People opean Union's 3/ under REA56]

REFERENCES Barlas, T. K., ansmart rotor contSciences 46.1 (2Riziotis, V. A.Aeroelastic ModMaggio, T., GPerformance oReduction." EWAnsys, Inc Rele

PhD Semina

Session:

Throup

erricos Stapoessaly Pedion

University of D

t velocity of lane velocity

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RESU

sults refer to tswept blades

y response isangle variationd the frequenonly the aeroidered rigid.

scale impose auctuation up up to 14.2%. bove parametanges rapidly

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nto account tipne performan

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REFERENCES Barone, M., J. Pwind turbine loaNashville, TN, UBarone, M., J. P“Simulating the Event, 16–19 ApBos, R., W.A.Aspatial structurepublication.

PhD Semina

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lands

proach to redto work withare drawn frghted by the l1 1probability de

ace . After campling distribl budget is eimately, this leained with a extreme load

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s have shownas several adv to greatly ources can bethe 50-year lribution alrea which makese part of ther from.

Paquette, B. Resoad simulation”. 50United States. DOPaquette, B. Resoentire life of an

pril, CopenhagenA.M. Bierbooms, e of severe win

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or, and L. Manue0th AIAA Aerosp

OI: 10.2514/6.201or, L. Manuel, anoffshore wind tu

n, Denmark. and G.J.W. van

nd gusts”. Manu

Energy in EurSeptember 2

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REFERENCES International EleTurbines – Part 2005 Kristensen, L., Fa Wind TurbinJournal of Win249-262, 1982

PhD Semina

odelling of W

st n Anand Natara

Denmark

nmark

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tatistical reprolution wind l be analyzed

mated gust dalgorithm in

s the natural ent reference wal sampling of

model for po

ata is from Høspeed is mea

’ wind turbine

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acteristics achtributions of t

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echtrotechnical C1: Design Requi

Frandsen, S., “Moe Measured fromd Engineering a

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ajan#

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d. To processdetection algoncludes a fr

frequency owind turbinesf turbulence wower spectra o

øvsøre, a coasasured at heiges.

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Commission, IECirements, Geneva

odel for Power Sm the moving Fand Industrial Ae

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germe and Founda

f gusts, long trements from s such long torithm has bequency tranf a wind turs. In addition,will be accouof a rotating w

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11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Session: Modelling of Wind, Turbine and Foundation

Periodic Stability Analysis of a Wind Turbine Analytical Model with Individual Pitch Controller

R. Riva#1, S. Cacciola*2, C.L. Bottasso*#3 #Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano

Via La Masa 34, 20156 - Milano, Italia 1riccardo1.riva@polimi.it

*Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München

Keywords – Stability analysis, Floquet, Coleman, IPC

I. STATE OF THE ART AND MOTIVATION

Linearized wind turbine models are characterized by matrices having periodic coefficients. Currently two theories exist to perform their periodic stability analysis: the Coleman approximation and the exact Floquet method. The Coleman transformation yields a linear time invariant model only when applied to isotropic systems [1]. However, when the system is anisotropic, a residual periodicity remains and an average over the period must be performed to obtain constant-in-time coefficients. An increasing residual periodicity is typically associated with increasing levels of anisotropy. Unfortunately, lower or upper bounds for the error made by the Coleman approximation have not been proven yet. The approximation implied by Coleman’s approach can be bypassed altogether by using the exact theory of Floquet, which is however still expensive when applied to high-fidelity wind turbine models.

To investigate the potential differences between the two approaches, we consider here the stability analysis of an analytical wind turbine model. The model is simple enough to allow for an exact Floquet analysis, but sufficiently sophisticated to capture the combined effects of several important sources of periodicity and anisotropy.

II. METHODOLOGY

The analytical model approximates the blade and tower flexibility through equivalent hinges, and includes blade element aerodynamics and an Individual Pitch Controller (IPC) [2]. Each blade is equipped with two hinges modelling edgewise and flapwise deflections, while the hub side-side motions are modelled by a linear spring. The aerodynamic model is adapted from [4] with minor modifications. The combined aeroelastic model represents the lowest eight modes of a horizontal axis wind turbine. To obtain a Linear Time Periodic system, the nonlinear equations of motion of the open-loop model are first analytically linearized around a periodic trajectory. Next, IPC is applied separately to the nonlinear and the linear systems. The results of the periodic stability analyses have been interpreted according to [3], and reordered by means of the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC).

III. APPLICATIONS

The model coefficients were tuned so as to represent a 6MW three bladed wind turbine. Various stability analyses were conducted with the two methods in different operating and wind conditions, in the presence of closed-loop IPC. Some illustrative results are reported in Figure 1 and Table 1.

Fig. 1 Edgewise forward whirling mode in axial wind with IPC.

Case Condition Rel. Error % Mode

Axial wind 1.266 Ω/Ωr 6.769 Edgewise forward whirling Crosswind − 4° 1.207 Edgewise forward whirling

Wind shear α = 0.6 6.066 Edgewise forward whirling

Tab. 1 Maximum relative damping errors, in various wind conditions with IPC. A positive error means conservative (i.e. lower) result.

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

Results indicate that even in highly anisotropic conditions the Coleman approximation yields solutions in terms of frequencies and damping values that are typically very close to the ones of the exact Floquet theory. This apparently surprising result highlights the importance of proving error bounds for this method, bounds which are still unfortunately lacking. The largest relative errors appear in the damping, in particular for the forward whirling modes. The main drawback of the Coleman approximation resides in its inability to capture more than three harmonics per mode. A collateral result is that the use of IPC causes a steepening of the frequencies of the flapwise whirling modes.

REFERENCES [1] Bir, G., “Multi-blade Coordinate Transformation and its Application to

Wind Turbine Analysis”, Proceedings of the AIAA Wind Energy Symposium, Reno, Nevada, January 7-10, 2008

[2] Bossanyi, E.A., “Individual Blade Pitch Control for Load Reduction”, Wind Energy, 2003; 6(2):119-128

[3] Bottasso, C.L., Cacciola, S., “Model-Independent Periodic Stability Analysis of Wind Turbines”, Wind Energy, 2015; 18(5):865-887

[4] Eggleston, D.M., Stoddard, F.S., “Wind Turbine Engineering Design”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, USA, 1987

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ERENCES

A. Bechmann, The Bolund Expe

Models,” Boundary

J. Berg, J. ManThe Bolund Expeill,” Boundary-La

N. Angelou, Jeasurement of

nemometer,” Revi012.

M. Sjöholm, N.aga, J. Silgjerdownwash Flow Fgile Beam Ste

PhD Semina

ogical Effects

over th

l Sjörholm, TDenmark

lde, Denmar

th this metho

e-of-sight projectconds. 300 conseed wake height is

wake height fthe undisturbdistance from

onger dependere 3.

ence of the dethe solid lines dber increases withheight is calcult thickness.

III. CONC

te sensing basdata set for

mplex terrain fanalysis of thith a rapidlyelationship behe wind direct

N. N. Sörensen, eriment, Part II: By-Layer Meterolo

nn, A. Bechmanneriment Part 1: Flayer Meterology,

J. Mann, M. Sthe spectral tr

iew of scientific in

Angelou , P. Had and N. StarsmField Measuremeneering,” Journal

ar on Wind E23-25

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sed wind profr validation ofor wind ener

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, J. Berg, J. ManBlind Comparisoogy, vol. 141, pp.

n, M. Courtney Flow Over a Stee

vol. 141, pp. 219

Sjörholm and Mransfer functioninstruments, vol.

ansen, K. H. Hansmore, “Two-Dimnt by Lidar-Basedl of Athmopsp

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPower Estima

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height and the ge wake height.om the WindScahe definition of

file measuremof unsteady fgy. ency atmosphcontinuous-w

carpment indushown.

nn and P. E. Réton of Microscale

245-271, 2011.

and H. E. Jorgep, Three-Dimens9-243, 2011.

M. Courtney, “Dn of a laser b83, no. 3, pp. 33,

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SUREMENTS

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nnex A in [1].

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intensity at hured by the li

rbulenpow

Lars Morten

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REFERENCES DV IEC 61400-1

producing Commission

ndal A., JohnsonA. M. "SiteAWEA WIN

e Vries O. "AGenergy conv

ottschall J. and curves for w015005. 200

Mann J., Sathe AMeasuremeWind Energ

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, Harman K., Rarents to wind turbston. 2008

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[5]

11th EAWE

nty ofidarschael Courtnergy,

de, Denmark

Applying the in the measure

II. RAD

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he RWS calibntities of the reed, lidars comlisation quanti

m – and the gnstructed wind, etc. ince the RWS

the Line-osurand is:

re is themometer, ction measuredction.

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n the procedurto provide th . The ass

GUM [5] – a agation of uncwo separate u

two measurlts inter-comp ⟨ ⟩

minute avebetween bin

⟨ ⟩ ⟨deviation number .

REFERENCES Courtney M.: “CE-0020. Borraccino A.,procedures for nproceedings, httWagner R.: “Aperformance me4244. JCGM 101:2012General ConcepJCGM 100:200measurement”

PhD Semina

f nacel

ney1,

calibration reement chain.

DIAL WIND SPE

inciples and r

bration consiseconstruction

mbine radial wities – e.g. inceometry of thd parameters s

S corresponds of-sight (LO

∙ cose horizontal w

is the tiltd by a sonic a

for measureme

re, bin averaghe calibration sessment of unstandard met

certainty. uncertainty arement equatiared: ∙ ⟨

erages, is then averages of ⟨ ⟩between ⟨RW

Calibrating nacel

Courtney M.,nacelle-based prop://findit.dtu.dk/eccounting for theasurement”, [20

2: “International ts and Associated08: “Guide to

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession:

lle-mo

elation to pre

EED UNCERTA

reference mea

sts in calibratalgorithms em

wind speed meaclination and he scanning psuch as speed

s to the wind OS) direction

∙ coswind speed mlting of the beanemometer,

ent uncertaint

ges of 10-minrelation betwncertainties isthodology bas

assessment mions, are pre

⟩ , where e gain of the

f ⟨ ⟩ and ⟨, where Δ

WS⟩ and ⟨R

lle lidars”, [2013

, Wagner R.: ofiling lidars”, [2en/catalog/22657

he speed shear in010], Risø-PhD-5

Vocabulary of Md Terms”.

the expression

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germ Remote Sen

ounted

eserve traceab

AINTIES

asurand

ting all the inmployed by lidasurements, broll angles of

pattern in orded, direction, sh

vector projecn, the refere

(1measured by a eam, is the w

is the L

ty assessment

n mean valuesween the s performed used on the law

methodologies, esented and t

⟨⟩ denotes forced regres

⟩; Δ is the aveRef ⟩ in

3], DTU Wind En

“Generic calibr2014], DEWEK 71298

n wind turbine p58(EN), ISSN: 1

Metrology – Basic

n of uncertaint

rope 2015

many sing

d

bility

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GmigThieddadvthe be the fatialrerequatmthatsugnecothbridwin

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turbpulfielcohwithof twinimpconedd

Keywords – wnd field mode

Remote sensinLiDAR is a

ource assessmasurements ather applicatio

Within the frad Innovation OWINE (Lidaject in coop

chnology and ried out to e

ergy. The projLiDAR techn

essment, optuction and op

G. I. Taylor ght be consideis is particuladies evolve atvection past th

evolution of studied. Bossturbulence angue load red

eady incorporuires further

mospheric andt the error ind

ggested more cessary [3]. Mer aspect anddges the gap bnd turbine.

In this paper,bulence are stsed Lidar at d simulation

herence functioh the coherenthe evolution nd fields. Theportance in thncept of wavedy size uptil

Evolu

Facul

wind evolutioelling

I. AB

ng of the atma relatively nment in wind eand comparisoons of the data

amework of TOffshore Windar Applicationperation with TU Delft. Twvaluate the aject lays empnology, wind rtimisation oftimisation of w

suggested foered to be frozarly applicablt a timescale he sensor. Witwind from far

sanyi proposednd performed ductions [2]. rated in the r testing a

d site conditioduced due to istudies replic

Most of the curd the trick liebetween meas

the parametetudied and comthe ECN tests using the ons are compance model rep

wind field ae eddy size anhese studies elet analysis [k 0.128ra

ution oA. Giyana

#Delft Uni

lty of Aerospa

on, remote se

STRACT

mospheric varinew technologenergy. The vaons is of higa.

Top consortiud (TKI-WoZ),ns for Wind

XEMC Darwo measuremeapplications ohasis on testiresource and pf wind turbwind farm op

or certain caszen as it advecle in cases wlonger than

th Lidars, this r wind to the d a method resome simulaThe model

recent versioand improvemons. Simley ainduction zoncating realistirrent models ls in developi

surements and

ers importantmpared using t site as showdifferent exi

ared. The blocpresenting timare modelled wnd the life of and this is a

[4]. Schlipf etad/s satisfy t

of winani#1, W.A.A

iversity of Tec

ce Engineerin1a.h.

ensing, lidar

iables with thgy field for alidation of Ligh importanc

um for Know, ECN initiate

d farm Efficirwind, Aventent campaignsof LiDAR in ing and develpower performine control, eration.

ses, the turbucts past a sens

where the turbthe time of ecase is invaliwind turbine ecently to unf

ations to reducfrom Bossan

ons of Bladedments based

and Pao concne is negligiblic conditions lack in some oing a model wd the controls o

t for unfreezia nacelle mo

wn in Fig. 1. isting modelsckage effects

me and phase with the simueddies are ofalso linked tt al. found thathe assumptio

nd towA. M. Bierboo

chnology, Win

ng, Kluyverwe.giyanani@tude

data,

he use wind

iDAR ce for

wledge ed the iency) tLidar s were

wind loping mance

load

ulence sor [1]. bulent eddies id and could freeze ce the nyi is d and d on cluded le and to be or the which of the

ing of ounted Wind s and along delay

ulated f high to the at the on of

Taylohere proviof th

Figcharaof blo

The measweigThe Com

A

This proje“WinacknXEMTech

R[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

11th EAWE

wards woms#2, G.J.W

nd Energy Res

eg 1, 2629HS Delft.nl

or’s frozen twould be acc

ide deeper inse turbine usin

g. 1 Parameteacteristic of Tayockage effects a

model thus dsurements anghting includevalidation of

mputational Flu

ACKNOWLEDG

work was caect with the snd op Zee”

nowledged forMC Darwind hnology, Franc

REFERENCES G. Taylor, “ThSociety of Lond164, no. Feb, 18E. Bossanyi, “modelling for iProceedings of EE. Simley, L. Y.the Impact of thAccuracy for WSimulation,” JouScience of makiC. Torrence andBulletin of the A78, 1998. D. Schlipf, D. frozen turbulenscanning lidar Advancement oFrance, 2010.

PhD Semina

wind tW. van Bussel

earch Group,

Delft, The Net

turbulence [5counted for insight into the g the Lidar m

ers important ylor’s frozen turand site depend

developed wound using a ted into the wi

the model wuid dynamics,

EMENTS

rried out in thsubsidy of the”. The follor their contrib

BV, the Nce.

e spectrum of tudon, Series A, Ma8, 1938, pp. 476-4“Un-freezing theinvestigating LidEWEA 2012, Cop. Pao, P. Gebraadhe Upstream Indu

Wind Turbine Cournal of Physics:ng torque from W

d G. P. Compo, “AAmerican Meteoro

Trabucchi, O. Bince hypothesis fo

system,” in 15tof Boundary Lay

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession:

turbinl#3

therlands

]. The paramn the wind evdynamics of

measurements.

for the windrbulence wind

dency

uld be tested transfer funcind turbine co

would be done CFD.

he frameworke Dutch fundowing proje

butions: ECN,Netherlands a

urbulence,” Procathematical and P490, 1938

he turbulence: idar-assisted windpenhagen, Denm

d and M. Churchfduction Zone on ontrol Applicatio: Conference Ser

Wind, 2014, 2014A Practical Guiderological Society,

Bischoff, M. Hofsfor wind turbine5th International yer Remote Sen

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germ Remote Sen

ne

meters introduvolution modethe wind upw

d evolution mofields and influ

with valid Lction with raontrol simulate with the hel

k of the LAWing scheme

ect partners , the Netherlaand Avent L

eedings of the RPhysical Sciences

mproved wind d turbine controlark, 2012 field, “InvestigatiLIDAR Measure

ons using Large-ries, vol. 524, no4. e to Wavelet Ana vol. 79, no. 1, pp

säß et al. “Testine applications w

Symposium fornsing (ISARS), P

rope 2015

many sing

uced el to wind

odel, uence

Lidar ange tion. lp of

WINE TKI are

ands, Lidar

Royal s, vol.

field l,” in

ion of ement -Eddy . The

alysis,” p. 61-

ng of with a

r the Paris,

24

A

K

Win T

techfielFurWinthre(unestirelyunddevMoestaestithe Thipromod

Tsynthe the partfocgridgridsingheigNTplansamhortota

Tthisvelothe fina

Tasseveloane

Analy

Keywords –ndScanner, D

The emergenhnology allowd over a lar

rthermore witndScanners (wee wind spe

nitte.dk) wantimations for my on scanningder the influenvelops due toodelling and uablishing lidarimations. Sucturbine, thou

is paper prescessing two-ddel validation

The 3-D shonchronised con

mean line of laser Doppl

ticles. The thal points areds that were ds were fixed gle wind direcght and spannK 500 turbinne was perpe

me dimensionrizontal and 30al of 32.5 h of

The data procs work the fococities. Therevelocities su

ally be appliedThe first step ess the measuocities were

emometer that

ysis ofb

– Lidar, InData Processi

nce of reliws for the firrge area in th the in-houwindscanner.e

eed componets to establis

modern wind tg the flow upsnce of the tur the pressureunderstandingrs as an indus

ccessfully mough, necessitatsents the chadimensional wn purposes.

I. EXPERIME

ort-range Wintinuous wav

f sight wind sper spectra, rehree lidars are coinciding.

continuously and thus only

ction. The horned the entir

ne, as well aendicular to ths. One scan 0 s for the ve

f data were acq

II. POST-P

cessing incorpcus lies on po are many ste

uch that they d in the validais to find and

urement qualitcompared t

t was situated

f Two-by Lid

AR. Meyer#Departme

Frederiks

nduction, Ining, Modellin

able and srst time to fula relatively

use developedeu) it is possents [1]. Thesh lidars forturbines. As thstream of the rbine inductioe jump inducg the inductiostry standard fdelling the utes validation allenges and

wind fields acq

ENTAL METHO

indScanner ise Doppler lidpeed from theesulting fromre synchronisThere were scanned for

y aligned with rizontal plane re diameter (4s 62 m upstrhe horizontal was complete

ertical plane. Oquired.

PROCESSING

porates many st-processing

eps involved incan be interp

ation of the mod remove spikty of the de-spto those acqud on a short m

-dimendar-Ba

r Forsting#1,

ent of Wind E

sborgvej 399,

nflow, Blocng

ophisticated lly capture a short time f

d 3-D short sible to acquie UniTTe pr power and hese novel meturbine, they

on zone [2], wed by the turon zone is kfor power and

upstream effecvia measuremmethods in

quired by lida

OD

s based on dars. They este frequency sh

m moving airbed such that two measure30 minutes.the turbine fowas located a

41 m) of the ream. The veplane and ha

ed in 15 s foOver three mo

different leveof the line ofn the processi

preted sensiblyodel (see Fig. kes in the datpiked data, theuired by a

met mast insid

nsionaased W

N. Troldborg

Energy, Techni

Risø Campus1alrf@dtu.dk

ckage,

lidar wind

frame. range

ire all project

load ethods come

which urbine. key to d load cts of ments.

post-ars for

three timate hift in rborne

their ement

Both or one at hub e Risø ertical ad the or the onth a

els. In f sight ing of y and 1).

ta. To e lidar sonic

de the

measoverarando

Fig

Sywas turbi

Thdeterdata interpthat cond

Lipotenthe erobumeas

A

Thgrant

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

al InflWind S

g#, A. Sathe#

ical University

s, 4000 Roskild

surement gridall very satisom time shift

g. 1 Overview of

yncing allowebarely runni

ne frame of rehe wind speedrmine the exapoint inside opolation methallowed to g

ditions.

idars can chntially allowinentire domain st post-processurements.

ACKNOWLEDG

his work was t number 1305

REFERENCES Mikkelsen T., “Energy”, Journa1, 012007, 2014Medici D., Ivanflow of a wind691-697, 2011

PhD Semina

low MScanne

#, N. Angelou

y of Denmark

de, Denmark

. The correlatifying, thoughbetween the t

the post-processi

ed rejecting daing and enabeference via thd binning is aact reference one scan iterathod was applgroup scannin

III. CONC

haracterise lng the validatof interest. F

ssing methods

EMENTS

financed by T5-00024B.

“Lidar-based Resal of Physics: Con4. nell S., Dahlberg d turbine: blocka

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession:

Measurers u#

k

ion of these mh it emerged two signals.

ing steps.

ata for times bled transformhe turbine’s ya critical stepwind speed

tion. After thelied to the lidng points fro

CLUSION

large wind tion of numerFor a fair coms have to be ap

The Innovatio

search and Innonference Series (

J.-Å., Alfredssonage effect“, Wind

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germ Remote Sen

remen

measurements that there w

when the turming it into aw data. p, as it is harfor an indivi

ese steps a spedar measuremom different

fields remotrical models omparison multpplied to the l

n Fund Denm

vation at DTU WOnline), Vol.524

n PH., “The upstd Energy, Vol.14

rope 2015

many sing

nts

was as a

rbine the

rd to dual ecial

ments yaw

tely, over tiple lidar

mark,

Wind 4, No.

tream 4 pp.

25

K T

to ttowconto cslabIn ometgainthatthe

Twaleasiconposskeformasseordare the withfinaif n

Aconwith16.whereguelemvaridiscconloadAnothe

Tcom

Keywords – T

The increase othe design of

wer structures ncrete and steeconstructing tobs connected border to showthod a prototyned from the t the new consmarket.

I. T

The proposed ll elements. Tily be transp

nstruction vehsition, angle aw bracings, sm polygonal embled it can

der to create athen filled wsegments wit

hout any joinal optional ste

needed, post-te

A prototype tonstruction meth different he15 m and anereby the croular nonagonments to ereious challengcussed in a mannection of thed cases so thother one is thconcreting of

III. COMPAR

The relevancemparing the d

A N

Tower constr

of worldwide f wind turbin

made of coel (hybrid towowers out of by steel bars)

w the feasibiliype was erectprototype erestruction meth

TOWER CONS

d building metThese light-wported to thehicles. There and temporaro that the looring segmenbe placed on

a monolithic with in-situ con

th in-situ concnts in the corep of the toweensioned verti

II. PRO

ower was buithod. This proeights result inn outer diamoss section on, see Fig. 1. ect a concreteges during taster thesis [2e double wallshat the set uphe segment jof the tower.

RISON OF CONC

e of the new budifferent erecti

New Coo

Ilja FischerI

ruction, preca

wind energy nes with big ncrete or the

wer structuresdouble walls is presented i

ity of the proted. The expection are promhod is likely to

TRUCTION ME

thod is basedeight double

e constructiona preassembl

rily fix the sse elements c

nts. After eactop of the prestructure the ncrete. The cocrete allows te of the holloer erection, alically against t

OTOTYPE

ilt to test the ototype consisn a tower witeter of 4.15

of the structuA method u

e structure ithe erection, 2]. One of thess which shoulp segment geint sealing con

CRETE TOWER

uilding methoion methods

oncepof Winr1, Maria ChInstitute of Str

Austria, Vi1ilja.f

ast elements

delivery outpuhub heights

e combined u). A new app(two thin conn the current wposed constru

eriences and rmising and indo establish its

ETHOD

d on simple dwall element

n site by staly field is ussingle elemencan be connecth ring segme

eceding segmeseparate segm

ontinuous fillithe structure tow elements. ll segments cathe foundation

previous propsts of six segmth a total heigm at the bo

ure is chosen using semi-prs confronted which is fu

se challenges ld resist all ereometry is secnstruction ena

R STRUCTURES

od can be showof concrete to

pt for Tnd Tu

harlotte Schönructural Engin

ienna, Karlsplfischer@tuwien

ut led using

use of proach ncrete work. uction results dicate elf on

double ts can andart sed to nts by ted to ent is ent. In ments ing of to rise

As a an be, n.

posed ments ght of ottom,

as a recast

with further

is the ection cured. abling

S

wn by owers

for wclimbresistthereper concelemvariatensiwallsprecaerect

Fig

Itprotopropoestab

A

ThFedefor thCo wirts

R[1]

11th EAWE

Towerurbines

nweger, Johaneering, TU W

latz 13 E212/2n.ac.at

wind turbines. bing formwortance but th

efore expensivday can be rete tower for

ments can be eant but the eloning. Thus,s should comast towers allted fast but can

g. 1 Erected Protoand a total hi

can be stateotype erectionosed construc

blish itself on

ACKNOWLEDG

he authors wieral Ministry oheir funding, KG for the

schaftsservice

REFERENCES KOLLEGGER tower constructiPatent WO2014

PhD Semina

r Strucs ann Kollegge

Wien

2

In-situ concrerks show the

here erection ve because onproduced. A

r wind turbineerected very flements have the new cons

mbine the advaowing for pron still be desig

otype with an outigh amounting to

IV. CONC

d that the prn and the struction method the market.

EMENTS

sh to express of Science, Re

the companygood collab

GmbH for the

J., SCHÖNWEGion from reinforce067884A1, 2013

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession

ctures

er

ete towers erebest load beis too time

nly approx. 4 At present thes made of fulfast and is th

to be kept istruction meth

vantages of thoducing a towgned without

ter diameter of 4. 16,15 m

CLUSION

resent results uctural analysis promising

their gratitudesearch and Ecy Franz Obernaboration andhe financial ma

GER M.C., “Meed concrete”,

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germn: New Conc

ected with sliparing and fate-consuming m high segme most commlly bodied preerefore a chein place by phod using do

he in-situ andwer which canpost‐tensionin

15 m at the botto

gained fromsis show that

g and is likel

de to the Austconomy (bmwndorfer GmbHd to the auanagement.

thod for produci

rope 2015

many epts

p- or tigue

and ments

mon ecast aper

post-uble

d the n be ng.

m

m the t the y to

trian wfw) H &

ustria

ing a

26

G

Win A

edginflalle

Wwheresuthe incrupsdesto flucredubut Tecmecanddiminvin t

A.

coupas

Fattactransto a

Decan aerocam

Gus

Gust Load And tunnel tes

An airfoil witge flap is teslow conditioneviation on wi

Wind turbinesere the angleulting aerodynblades to the

rease fatiguescaling of turigned to allevhours but arctuations due uction active these systems

chnische Univchanism has b

d tested undemensional airfo

estigated expehe active grid

System Descr

The adaptiveupled leading asively to the i

Fig. 1 Schematic vck induce an up bsferred to the traidecrease of camb

creased aerodyincreased cam

odynamic prembering and

st Loa

Alleviation, Nsting

th mechanicalsted in a winns to examinind turbines.

I. INTR

s often operate of attack namic load fle drive train a, which decrrbines. State-viateload flucre too slow t

to turbulencmechanisms as involve comversität Darmbeen develope

er stationary ifoil equipped erimentally un

d wind tunnel a

II. ABSTRAC

ription

e camber coand trailing edinflow conditi

view of adaptive bending moment oiling edge flap. Thber.

ynamic pressumber and loaessure and/or to a decreas

ad AlleSt

#Departmen

Flu

*

Non-stationar

lly coupled lend tunnel unne its potent

RODUCTION

te in highly tucan change

luctuations arand tower. Threases lifetimof-the-art pittuations in thto account foe. Several neare currently u

mplicated contrmstadt, a pass

ed by Hufnaginflow by Lawith this connder unsteadyat the Univers

CT FORMATTIN

oncept featuredge flap whichions (Fig. 1).

camber airfoil pron the leading edhe combined mo

ure and/or angad increase,

angle of attsed load. Hig

eviatiotructur

Ulrike Co

nt of Fluid Mec

ughafenstraße1corde

Institute of Ph

ry Aerodyna

eading and trnder non-statitial for gust

urbulent condsignificantly.e transmitted

hese unsteady me and limittchmechanismhe order of mifor high frequew and fasterunder investigrol schemes. Aive load redu

gel and Lambambie [2]. A cept has now

y inflow condsity of Oldenb

NG

es a mechanh adapts its ca

rinciple. High ang

dge flap which is otion of both flaps

gle of attack lewhereas incr

tack lead to gh peak load

on throre Inte

ordes #1, Gerr

chanics and A

e 19, 64347 Ges@sla.tu-darms

hysics, Univer

amics,

railing ionary

load

ditions . The from loads

ts the ms are

inutes uency r load gation, At the uction bie [1]

two-w been ditions burg.

nically amber

gle of

s leads

ead to reased a de-

ds are

allevdyna

B. N

Asubmmeanarounusingmean

Fadapconfiare re

Fig

Dyshowturbi

A

Th

R[1]

11th EAWE

ough Eeractiorit Kampers*2

Aerodynamics,

Griesheim, Gerstadt.de

rsity of Oldenb

viated whereaamic pressures

Non-stationary

An airfoil equmitted to dynn angle of atnd its c/4 axig the active grn angle of atta

Fig.2 shows ttive camber iguration. It ceduced by the

g.2 Phase-Averaadaptive camattack

ynamic systemws good potenes.

ACKNOWLEDG

his project hasSociety D

REFERENCES Lambie,B., and Rotor Blades EP10162448.4, [2] Lambie, B.with self-adaptMechanics andGermany, 2011.

E PhD Semina

Enhanon 2

, TU Darmsta

rmany

burg

as overall los and angle of

y Experiments

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REFERENCES Iliopoulos, A., 2015.”Predictionturbine using viof Physics: ConfWeijtjens, W., “Monitoring thefoundations,” Pr

PhD Semina

proachnd turbelrijck#1, Chr

iversiteit Brus

m

artment, Vrije

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ral health monate an entire smption and res introduced.

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W. Weijtjens, Dn of dynamic strtual sensors,” IOference Series (JPA., Iliopoulos,

e consumed fatigroc. EWEA Offsh

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nitoring approstructure and emaining usef

ormed in the Project (http://

project. Thsupport by echnology (IWParkwind and upport within

D. Van Hemelrijstrains on a monIOP Publishing’s JPCS)

J. Helsen and gue life of wind hore, Copenhagen

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germn: New Conc

fatigue

endt*2

Brussel

h for strain predicright) of the FA s

min dataset in rotin blue, the estimpansion algorithm

f the low-freqat results in thtch between s good matchs in the frequeterms of temp

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WT). The autthe colleague

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ck and C. Devrinopile offshore proceedings, Jo

C. Devriendt. 2turbines on mon

n, Denmark

rope 2015

many epts

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REFERENCES [1] R. Stresing,a new class of t1–4, 2010. [2] D. Hurst, “Phys. Fluids, vo[3] S. Weitemegeneration of tuDyn. Res., vol. 4[4] S. Discetti,study of fracSYMPOSIUM O18.

PhD Semina

undedurbuleol#*2

versity (MET

UWIND) du.tr

view of CSG (

II. EXPERIME

e conducted ian extended sqpose of this elow propertiesisotropy) mu

ny boundary le walls are msure gradient are placed ime turbulence

han 0.5% alonmber based onthe grids and

gh speed laserminates the str

the test sectoil droplets.

gether with Twith resolutionminated region

2-D PIV toles exist in rated turbulenities and 1-Drm the expone.

, J. Peinke, R. E. turbulent flows,”

“Scalings and deol. 19, no. 035103eyer, N. Reinke, Jurbulence with fr45, no. 6, p. 0614

I. B. Ziskin, Rtal grid turbul

ON PARTICLE IM

ar on Wind E23-25

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d ence

TU), Ankara

(Left) and FSG

ENTAL SETUP

in an open cirquare test sectongated test s

s (e.g. turbuuch further dolayer growth e

made divergenclose to zer

mmediately aftlevel when t

ng the centreln the velocity d the effecti

r with a light ream-wise plation downstreA Phantom V

TSI Laser pun of 25 ns aren. o resolve sca

the decay rnce will be a

D energy specential decay o

Seoud, and J. C.Phys. Rev. Lett.

ecay of fractal-g3, 2007. J. Peinke, and M.ractal grids and a

407, 2013. R. J. Adrian, andlence,” in 9THMAGE VELOCIM

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germn: New Conc

, Turkey

(Right) used in

rcuit suction tion (0.3m x 0section is to stlence intensiownstream ofeffect on the

nt maintainingro along the ter the contrache test sectioine of the tunat the inlet ofve mesh siz

sheet thicknesanes passing feam of the gV640 12-bit hulse synchrone used to get

ales smaller region of m

assessed. In-pctra will alsoobserved by H

Vassilicos, “Def, vol. 104, no. 19

generated turbule

Hölling, “Multi-an active grid,” F

d K. Prestridge, H INTERNATIOMETRY, 2011, pp

rope 2015

many epts

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type 0.3m tudy ities, f the core

g the test

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high-nizer 2-D

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Hurst

fining 9, pp.

ence,”

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“PIV ONAL p. 15–

29

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In recent yearure world enedies (see for iferent results: wer plus solajected world gnitude”, [2] all as socio-tecy claim, that “]” [3]. These the different tr

ere is thmputed over ais the input

wer plant includ operation [3o is an impoentials. Addittainability of t the energy imal distributegration from spective.

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lants and PVbe able to meisation, simulaed based on d PV and windntso-E.

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runo SchyskaJan Kuehnert

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Mark Z. Jacobsoenergy with winresources, quantPolicy (39), p. 1Ted Trainer (20A negative casePatrick Moriartpotential for renReviews (16), p

PhD Semina

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en#

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mulated time electricity m

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CES on and Mark A. nd, water and solatities and areas o154 – 1169 12): Can renewab; Simplicity Instity and Damon H

newable energies. 244-252

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Delucchi (2011)ar power, Part I:

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ble energy sustaitute Report 12e Honnery (2012):s?; Renewable an

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germical Compon

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energy capac

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m wind and

): Providing all gTechnologies, enand materials; En

in consumer socie

: What is the gnd Sustainable En

rope 2015

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global nergy

30

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, GermanySession XXXX Paper XXXXXXX

Transmission, Storage and Backup Estimates fora Global Electricity Grid with High Shares of

RenewablesAlexander Kies1#*, Lüder von Bremen #*, Kabitri Chattopadhyay*, Elke Lorenz* and Detlev Heinemann #*

#ForWind, Center for Wind Energy Research, University of Oldenburg, Germany1alexander.kies@uni-oldenburg.de

*Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Germany

Keywords – Renewable Energy, Energy SystemAnalysis, Global Power Grid, Storages, PowerTransmission, Wind Energy, Photovoltaics, Hydro power,Concentrated Solar Power

A vision of a global renewable electricity grid has been described in [1].

Such a system might consist of renewable power generationaround the earth connected to the major load centers by long distance high voltage transmission links.

In general, wind and photovoltaics generation facilities have, due to the weather dependency of their power sources, highly fluctuating feed-in profiles. This is true for mostly dispatchable hydro power generation to a lesser degree.

In this work we compute backup, transmission and storage needs for a global power system consisting of major load centers in 2050 (estimated by an economic outlook [2]) connected to renewable generation by high voltage long distance transmission links.

I. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY

Growing shares of renewables make their integration intothe power system difficult. This is due to the intermittentnature of renewable power generation. To operate a powersystem in a stable way, electricity needs to be consumed whenit is generated. Several solutions have been proposed in thepast to overcome the load-generation mismatch problem likestorages and over-installation [3][4] or transmission gridextensions [5]. We model generation from global reanalysis data with aspatial resolution of ca. 70 km for 10 years with hourlytemporal resolution for the renewable sources wind,photovoltaics (pv), concentrated solar power (csp) and hydro.

Together with modelled load data we simulate flows in thepower grid using a common DC flow approximation for theAC power flow equations. From this we compute infrastructure estimates for a globalfully decarbonized power system.

II. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

In this work we calculate the backup energy, backup powercapacity, transmission capacity and storage reservoir capacityneeds for this fully renewable (with generation on averageequal to load) global power system and discuss the foundinfrastructure estimates and the benefits of such a globalsystem.

We show that a global electricity system has the potential toreduce the requirements for backup and storage to a largedegree compared to the isolated nodes.

We analyze the interplay of the investigated renewablesources on the global scale and compute the infrastructuralneeds for transmission lines of such a electricity system(capacity and length).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The work is part of the RESTORE 2050 project (BMBF)that investigates the requirements for cross-country gridextensions and usage of storage technologies and capacities.We thank our project partners from Wuppertal Institute andNext Energy and Martin Greiner for helpful discussions.

REFERENCES

[1] Chatzivasileiadis, S. et al: The Global Grid, Renewable Energy, 57:32-383, 2013

[2] Ward, K.: The World in 2050: From the Top 30 to the Top 100, GlobalEconomics, HSBC Global Research, January 2012

[3] D. Heide et al,: Reduced storage and balancing needs in a fullyrenewable European power system with excess wind and solarpowergeneration, Renewable Energy 36 (2011) 2515-2513, March, 2011

[4] Kies, A., et al,: Investigation of balancing effects in long termrenewable energy feed-in with respect to the transmission grid, Adv.Sci. Res., 12, 91-95, 2015.

[5] Becker, S. et al.: Transmission grid extensions during the build- up of a fully renewable pan-european electricity supply. Energy, Volume 64, P. 404-418, 2014

Fig. 1 Conceptional scematic overview of a global electricity grid connectingthe global load centers (indicated as unicolored superregions) with additionalenergy harvesting regions (pictured as green nodes).

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Poturbifailuris ofaddreapply

ThDUTgene

Fointerdetai

R[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

11th EAWE

ation, Storage

Applyinacelle

#, P.C. Matth

Sciences, Du

Durham, DH1 ac.uk

lated using a rig to be easrent generatoout changing the DC link hcal wind turbiC) typically epared to the fMSC is con

ysis. ThereforC maintained Dce.

ower convertene reliability re modes are

ften produced ess this, an exy the power cohe experimenT, with an Arator and a DC

ollowing rig est will be iled anaylsis o

REFERENCES E. Davey and AStudy. http://www.thecreduction-pathwW. Musial andUnited States: Available from: F. Spinato, et alPower GeneratioK. Ma, et al., Thconsidering mTransactions on J. Carroll, A. MWind Turbines on Energy ConvC.J. Smith, C.JElectrical Loadi(under review),

PhD Semina

e and Reliabil

ng WiPowe

hews#

rham Univers

3LE, UK

controllable Asily modified r technology the rig’s constas been modeine drive traiexperiences a fixed frequensequently of

re, only the MDC link is rep

III. CONC

ers are becomanalysis. Howell understoat fixed freq

xperimental rionverter undertal rig consis

AC power suC sink to provcommisioninapplied to th

of reliability in

A. Nimmo. Offsh2012;

rownestate.co.ukways-study.pdf.

B. Ram. LargeAssessment of

http://www.nrel.., Reliability of won, IET, 2009. 3(4hermal loading anission profiles Power Electronic

McDonald, and D.With DFIG and P

version, 2015. 30(J. Crabtree, and ing Experienced in EWEA Annua

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuility of Electr

ind Tur Con

sity

AC power supd to investiga

operation ontruction. elled as idealin, the machi

more varied ncy grid-side

greater interMSC is used a

placed with a

CLUSION

ming increasinowever, whilstood, manufacquency and mig is being deser turbine opersts of a IGBTupply emulativide an ideal Dng the operahe DUT. Thn a turbine-spe

hore Wind Cost Availab

k/media/305094/o

e-Scale Offshoref Opportunities .gov/docs/fy10os

wind turbine suba(4): p. 387-401. nd lifetime estima

in wind powcs, 2015. 30(2): p. McMillan, ReliaPMG Drive Tra(2): p. 663.

d P.C. Matthewsby a Wind Turb

al Event 2015: Pa

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germical Compon

urbinenverter

pply. This allate the impacn converter he

l. This is as, ne-side conveoperating proconverter (GSest for reliab

as a DUT anda constant vol

ngly importantst power mocturing cycle magnitude ΔTj

signed which rating conditioT recitifier asing the turbiDC link. tonal profiles

his will facilecific applicat

Reduction, Pathle f

offshore-wind-cos

e Wind Power inand Barriers. 2ti/40745.pdf.

assemblies. Renew

ation for power der converter. p. 590-602. ability Comparisins. IEEE Transa

s, Characterisatiobine Power Convaris, France.

rope 2015

many ents

r

lows ct of ealth

in a erter ofile SC).

bility d the ltage

t for dule data j. To will

ons. s the ine‘s

s of itate tion.

hways from: st-

n the 2010;

wable

device IEEE

son of ations

on of verter

32

Keydet

W

ConsevissuimppergraddesIn conthislossmaiwhedynConuseconwhefaulthe profaulthredrifthresim

F

Hybr

ywords – Driection, Multi

Wind turbinntinuous Syseral discrete

ued by a dispact significaformance of dual abnormcribing the sythis case, th

nditions until s drift in earlyses as well intenance cosen the system namics descrinsequently, th of a hybrid

nverter normaere the continlt. This allows

drift and thposed approaclt diagnosis inee different spft indicators hee speeds in e

mple and multi

Fig.1 Architecture

Tur

bine

Gea

rbox

id Class

ift monitoringicellular conv

I. AB

ne convertersstems (DCCSmodes in respscrete controlantly the avwind turbine

mal change ystem continuohey entail a the failure ta

y stage allowsas the win

sts. However, is in the discr

ibed by the his paper propdynamic clasal operating nuous dynamis keeping the

herefore to dch was applien the capacitopeeds of drift have detected early stage befiple faults scen

e of the block DF

S 1I

S 2I

S 3I

C 2V

1s

4s

7s

1Vs

2Vs

3Vs

DFIG

C 2V

C 2V

C 2

C 2

C 2

sifier for

Hou

g, Data mininverters, Wind

BSTRACT

s are DiscS) since theyponse to discller. Faults i

vailability anes. These faulin the valuous dynamicsdrift in the

akes over coms reducing thend turbine uthis drift can

rete modes whaffected paraposes an apprssifier able to

conditions ics are impactuseful pattern

detect it at aned to achieve ars of a three c(high, modersuccessfully

fore its end fonario.

FIG-MCCS

E

C 1V

2s 3s

5s 6s

8s 9s

C 1V

C 1V

C 12

C 1

C 1

MCCS

Session:

r Drift-lC

uari Toubakh Institut Mine

F-59 houari

ng, Drift-like d turbine

cretely Contry switch betrete control ein converters

nd the prodults can occures of param in a discrete system oper

mpletely. Detee power produunavailabilityn be observedhere the continameters are aroach based o

monitor a drin discrete mted by a paramns representatin early stage.a multiple drifcell converter rate and slow)the drift, for

or the both cas

Dc

Ac

Dis

cret

eco

ntro

ller

Transformer

Grid Integra

like Fauonverteh , Moamar Ses-Télécom, M

9500 Douai, Fi.toubakh@min

fault

rolled tween events

may uction r as a meters mode. rating ecting uction y and d only nuous active. on the rift in modes metric ive of . The ft-like using

). The these

ses of

Fig

A hyoperadiscris baclassconvfocusthe p

A

Thand E

R

[1] ToD

MTE

Grid

11th EAWE

ation, Storage

ult Diagners Sayed-Mouc

Mines-Douai, I

France nes-douai.fr

g.2 Proposed onli

ybrid classifiating conditiorete mode basased on the moses representiverter in each s on the estim

patterns repres

ACKNOWLEDG

his work is suEcole des Min

REFERENCES

oubakh, H., SayeDynamic Data M

Multicellular ConTechnological AEngineering, Beiru

E PhD Semina

e and Reliabil

nosis in

chaweh IA,

ine self-adaptive

II. CONC

ier able to dons of the med on dynamionitoring of thing the normdiscrete oper

mation of the enting the dri

EMENTS

upported by tnes de Douai.

ed-Mouchaweh, MMining Scheme

nverters”, The dvances in Eleut, Lebanon, ISBN

aron Wind E23-25

Stuility of Electr

Wind T

scheme steps.

CLUSION

detect a drifmulticellular cical feature sphe drift of themal operatinrating mode. remaining us

ift (the degrad

the region No

M., Fleury, A., Bfor Drift-like

Third Internatiectrical, ElectroN: 978-1-4799-5

Energy in Eur5September 2uttgart, Germical Compon

Turbine

ft in the norconverter in epace is realize

characteristicng conditions

Future work eful life by u

dation dynamic

ord Pas de Ca

Boonaert, J., “HFault Diagnosi

ional Conferenceonics and Com679-1©2015

rope 2015

many ents

rmal each

ed. It cs of s of will

using cs).

alais

Hybrid is in

e on mputer

33

Kopt

T

the cosherbasfor conare reprandons

Tthataeroprowhicapmothe vari

IwordevturbMaaeroPerAnadiambladMaconCoEthe

Fto dbeeLowaerodes

#Technisch

§Diparti

Keywords – timization, M

The present wintegrated det of energy (Cein follows aned on high fia detailed d

ntrol aspects oapplied to

resentative ofd to a 2 MWshore machine

The design oft requires the odynamic, strcedures makich can accur

pture the couplst suitable glo

CoE, whichious possible

In recent yearrking in strict

velop automabines [2]. Theaximization), oservoelastic rformance, Loalysis), has meter, hub hede aerodynam

ax is indeednfiguration of E, which is coINNWIND C

Following a rdesign rotors wen added, tradiw induction (Lodynamic design variable.

I

he Universität

*GE Glob

imento di Scie

Wind turbiMulti-body dyn

work describeesign of wind CoE) reduction industrial anfidelity aerosedesign of thof a wind turbo a concepf the next genW wind turbes.

I. INTR

f wind turbineintegration ofructural, cont

ke use of higrately predict lings among tobal merit figh expresses design choice

II. DESIGN M

rs, Technischet collaboration

ated tools fore design tool

which is multi-body

oads, Aeroelasbeen recentlyeight, rotor c

mic shape and d now capab

the wind turbomputed from

CoE model andecent interestwith a lower ing aerodynamLI) configurasign of the bla

The goal is

IntegroptimPietro Borto

München, Wi

bal Research,

enze e Tecnolo

ine, Rotor dnamics, Aero

es innovative turbines, ulti

on. The designnd certificationervoelastic mohe aerodynambine. The destual 10 MW

neration large bine represent

RODUCTION

es is a multi-df optimizationtrol and systgh fidelity sthe wind tur

the different sugure for such a

suitable trades [1].

METHODOLOGI

e Universität n with Politecr the holisticCp-Max (Codbased on tcode Cp-La

sticity by Muly improved

cone angle, nablade and tow

ble of optimbine aiming atm two sophistid the SANDIAt in the literataerodynamic

mic optimalityations are obtaade, together to increase t

rated hmizatio

olotti#1, Jaiku

ind Energy Ins1pietr

Freisinger La

ogie Aerospaz

design, Integoservoelastici

methodologiemately aiming

n process presn approach anodels, which

mic, structuralsign methodolW wind tuoffshore mactative of mid

disciplinary acn algorithms fotems design. simulation morbine responsub-disciplinesa design procde-offs amon

IES

München hascnico di Milac design of de for performthe high fiambda (Codelti-Body Dynato optimize acelle uptilt awer structures

mizing the gt a reduction oicated cost moA blade cost mture, the possiefficiency ha

y for lower loaained by a suwith a pitch

the rotor area

high fion of w

umar Logana

stitute, Boltzmro.bortolotti@tu

andstraße 50,

ziali, Politecn

grated ity

es for g at a sented nd it is

allow l and logies urbine chines d-size

ctivity for the

Such odels, e and s. The cess is ng all

s been ano to

wind mance idelity e for amics rotor

angle, s. Cp-global of the odels, model. ibility

as also ading.

uitable offset

a, and

therethe fi

A. 1

Cpconcconsoupscahighecapitenergprodu

B. 1

A also thankthat coulddrive

C. 2

Thapplihighldesig

Thour methwindglobaand strucwind

A

Thand fruitf

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

idelitywind tu

athan#*, Carlo

mannstraße 15um.de

85748 Garch

ico di Milano,

efore the powfixed structure

0 MW offshor

p-Max has beptual 10 Mortium. The ale the initialer hub heighttal cost, +33.7gy productionuces 7.0% of

0 MW offshor

LI configuratbeen designe

ks to a 5.6% lonly rotor thd be constraien component

2 MW onshore

he presented ied to a 2 MWlight the potegn drivers and

his work prescollaborative

hodologies ofd turbine are pal design optia low induc

cture. The wod turbine.

ACKNOWLEDG

he authors ackAlessandro C

ful discussion

REFERENCES Ning, N.S., Damfor Wind TurbinBottasso, C.L.,Constrained OpDOI: 10.1007/s1

PhD Semina

Sessio

y desigurbineo L. Bottasso

5, 85748 Garc

ing b. Münch

, Via La Masa

wer capture, wof the wind tu

III. APPLI

re

been used toMW machine

identified glol design movit. This causes7%, but also a n, +17.2%. Osavings in term

re low inductio

tion of the INd, achieving larger diamete

hrust and the ined to the bs exhibited a l

e

design methoW machine. Thential differend trade-offs for

IV. CONC

sents the lateefforts for inwind turbine

presented, highmization that

ction rotor cork is currently

EMENTS

knowledge FeCroce from Ps to overcome

miani, R., Moriane Optimization”,, Campagnolo,

ptimization of W11044-011-9271-

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuon: Rotor De

gn es o#§

ching b. Münc

en, Germany

a 34, 20156 M

without increaturbine.

ICATIONS

o optimize tdesigned by

obal trend ising towards as a significantmassive incre

Overall, the oms of CoE.

on rotor

NNWIND 10 M1.8% savingser. The limit blade root co

baseline valuload increase.

hodologies arehe goal is to ences in optimar the two rated

CLUSIONS

est developmentegrated higes. Applicatiohlighting two t leads to CoEoncept to limly being expa

ederico GualdPolitecnico die the many pro

arty, P.J., “Objec, 51st AIAA Con

F., Croce, A.Wind Turbines”, M

-x, 2011

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germesign and Tes

chen, Germany

Milano, Italy

sing the load

the design oy the INNWIs to significaa larger rotor tly higher turease of the anoptimized de

MW machines in terms of Cof this solutioombined mom

ues, while sto

e currently bxplore and final configuratid power classe

ents producedgh fidelity deons to a 10 Mdesign option

E savings of 7mit loads on anded to a 2 M

doni, Luca Sai Milano for oject challeng

ctives and Constrnference, January

, “Multi-disciplMultibody Syst.

rope 2015

many sting

y

s on

of a IND antly

and rbine nnual esign

e has CoE on is ment orm-

eing nally ions, es.

d by esign MW ns: a 7.0%

the MW

artori the

ges.

raints 2013

linary Dyn.

34

K

tur A

tunndesNR

Iaeroturbflowthe Frethe are convarireprestare is taeromaiof t

Hturbratiis aJontip maxto regturb

T1/7decshoscalturbinclas westithe disc

Aer

Keywords – bine, turbule

An approach nel wind turcribed. The p

REL 5MW blad

In recent timeo-elastics arebine systems.w phenomena

wind turbinee field investiwind cannotunknown. In

nditions are wiable on the weatability of tricted by the usually used

the scaling aodynamics. Nintained and sthe experimen

Here the maibine with theo is considereadopted from

nkman in [1], speed ratio ofximum level ocontemporar

arding the dbulent wind. The geometric0 (0.9m/63m

creased by a faown how powling approachbine is outlinelude tower bewell as bladeimation at a r

non-dimensicussed.

rodynblad

#For

Aerodynamience interacti

for an aerodyrbine model process is bade design.

I. INTR

e numerical sie important to. Experiments

a and the interae, as is not eigations evinct be controlled

the controlledwidely known wind turbine s

the experimwind tunnel for such inve

approach for Not all non-so the scaling

nts.

II. M

in field of ine turbulent wied to be amon

m the NREL which is the f the referenceof comparabilry multi MWdynamic loads

cal blade dimem). The Reynfactor of 1/70 wer and load h. The setup oed including pending momene root bendingradial blade sional Strouha

amic sde for

rWind – Wind

Amme

ic scaling, wion

ynamic blade with a diamsed on the w

RODUCTION

imulations of ools for the s provide valaction of the tentirely possice the phenomd and many d environmenand the influ

system can bement. Dimens

and scaled wstigations. A the rotor bl

-dimensional g approach dep

METHOD

nterest is the ind field. The

ng the most im5MW turbinestarting point e blade is maility of the invW wind tus on the tur

ensions are scnolds numbeand is of the parameters c

of the accordiplanned measunts, rotor revog moments astation. Furtheal and Froud

scalinwind

Frederik

d Energy Syste

rländer Heers1freder

ind tunnel m

design for a meter of 1.8 well-known ge

f aerodynamicresearch on

luable insightturbulent windble by simul

mena of interesinfluencing fa

nt of a wind tuuence of a spe studied due tions howeveind turbine mmain considerlade in regar

numbers capends on the

interaction oe design tip

mportant factore, as describeof the design

intained to enavestigation’s rurbines, esperbine blade in

caled by a facer consequent

size 105. It wchange due tingly scaled mured quantitieolutions and tnd angle of aer the influene number wi

ng of atunneBerger#1, M

ems, Carl von

str. 136, 2612rik.berger@forw

model

wind m is

eneric

cs and wind

t into d with lation. st, but factors unnel, pecific to the

er are models

ration rds to an be focus

of the speed rs and ed by n. The able a results ecially n the

ctor of tly is

will be to the model es that torque attack

nce of ill be

Thstallemodelow Rratio usedof 16relatiseconincrenumb

Throtorcompand f

Fig

Onbladeon thIn Fispeed

Fig

Thundeturbiapproexpe

11th EAWE

a generel inve

artin Kühn#2

Ossietzky Un

29 Oldenburg,wind.de

he strong deced flow, if theel blade. TheReynolds airf(CL/CD) over

, the first for 6 % and the seive thickness nd airfoil is eased to mainber is increasehe scaled bladr parameters ppared to the Nfurther quantit

g. 1 Power coeffispeed ratio (for wind tunn

n the basis ofe, with the sofhe flow over thig. 2 streamlid, indicating f

g. 2 Pressure distscaled blade

he wind tuerstanding of tne system regoach for a sriments is pre

PhD Semina

Sessio

ric wiestigat

iversity of Old

Germany

crease in Reyn original profirefore the profoils, which pr angle of attathe inboard r

econd for the mof 10%. Furrather low,

ntain the scaleed. de design is ipower coefficNREL 5MW rties will be dis

icient Cp (left) an(TSR) for the NRnel investigations

f RANS CFDftware Star CChe scaled bladines are showflow detachme

ribution and velodesign at rated w

III. CONC

unnel investthe interactiongarding aerodysmall-scale w

esented and inv

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuon: Rotor De

ind turtions

denburg

ynolds numberfiles would beofiles are exc

provide a simitack. In detairegion with a mid and outborther the lift so that the

ed lift and th

investigated wcient and thrurotor, as showscussed

nd thrust coefficiREL 5MW blades

D investigationCM+, a deepe

de at different wn for operatients at the bla

ocity streamlines wind speed

CLUSION

tigations aimn of turbulent ynamics and lwind turbine vestigated by

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germesign and Tes

rbine

r leads to laremployed for

changed with ilar slope of gil two airfoilsrelative thick

oard region wof the imporchord length

hus the Reyn

with BEM forst coefficient

wn in Fig 1. Th

ient CT (right) ove and the scaled b

ns of the rotaer insight is taoperational st

ion at rated wade root.

on suction side o

m at a bewind with a w

loads. The scablade for th

BEM and CF

rope 2015

many sting

rgely r the thin

glide s are kness ith a rtant h is

nolds

r the and

hese

ver tip blade

ating aken tates. wind

of the

etter wind aling hese

FD.

35

o

K

Tip

TinvchaExpfacidiffcompowincrwakinje

Tbeetip turb

TtunnHAS82dist

T

PIVPha256are perinjeand

2D-PIon the

Keywords – Hp vortex

This paper repestigate the e

aracteristics periments are ility using 2Dferent injectimpared in termwer budget anreases, the chke are changiection case sho

The effects ofen investigatedflow field and

bine [1,2].

I

The experimenel which has

AWT has a 026 profile andtribution along

Fig. 1: Experim

The PIV measV system consantom V640 60x1600 pixel

performed atformed at 5 ection ratios ind RTS=3.26 and

IV Inve Tip F

#

M

HAWT, Tip

I. AB

presents an exeffects of tip of a Horizperformed in

D Particle Imon rates anms of tip flownalysis. Resu

haracteristics ing significanows power eff

II. INTRO

f tip injectiond by the authod tip vortex c

II. EXPERIM

ents are done s a 1.7 m jet e0.95 m diamed the blades g the span.

mental setup; Ope

surement plansists of a 30 m

camera witls at a frequet 742 Hz with

m/s wind sn radial directd baseline cas

vestigaFlow C

Ezg#Aerospace En

METU Center f

injection, Ac

STRACT

xperimental stinjection on

zontal Axis front of an op

mage Velocimend baseline mw field characults show thaof the tip vor

ntly. In additiofficiency.

ODUCTION

n on a model ors and showeharacteristics

MENTAL SET

at the exit ofexit diameter eter 3-bladed

have variabl

en-jet wind tunne

ne is an 8 cm mJ Litron Ndth a maximency of 1.5 kh Δt= 20 µs. speed, at TStion given in Ese (no injectio

ation oCharagi Anık#1, An

ngineering De

for Wind Ener1ezg

*Second Dep

ctive flow con

tudy which aithe near tip

Wind Turpen jet wind tetry system. measurements

cteristics as wat as injectionrtex as well aon, only mini

wind turbineed that it effec

of the model

UP

f an open-jet (Fig 1). The mrotor with N

le chord and

el and the PIV sys

x 12 cm gridd: YLF laser

mum resolutiokHz. Measurem

MeasuremenR=5 and forEq. (1) at RTS=n).

of the acterist

nas Abdulrah

epartment, Mi

rgy (METUWgi.anik@metu.e

epartment, Sec

ntrol,

ims to flow

urbine. tunnel Two s are

well as n rate as the imum

e have cts the wind

wind model NREL

twist

stem

d. The and a

on of ments

nts are r two =1.16

Fl2. as tip vcharacalcu

Tianaly

A

ThResenumb

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

Effectics ofhim#2, Oğuz

iddle East Tec

WIND), 06800,edu.tr

cond Affiliatio

low field measinjection rati

vortex changeacteristics of ulation is give

Fig. 2: Top row: contours from

ip flow fieldysis have been

ACKNOWLEDG

his study is suearch Councilber 112M105

REFERENCES Anik, E., Abdu"Active control performance chConference S6596/524/1/0120Abdulrahim, A.Wake Flow FielAIAA Scitech January, Kissem

PhD Semina

Sessio

cts of Tf a MoUzol#3

chnical Univer

Ankara, TUR

on

IV. RES

surements shoo increases the as well as

f the wake n in Eq. (2)

Mean velocity com left to right: bas

V. CONC

characteristin performed fo

EMENTS

upported by thl of Turkey as well as by

ulrahim, A., Ostof the tip vortexaracteristics of aSeries, 524(20098, 2014. , Anik E., Uzol, Old of a Model Wi2015, 33rd ASM

mmee, Florida, 20

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuon: Rotor De

Tip Inodel H

rsity

RKEY

SULTS

ow that as it che trajectory as the expansalso changes

ontours; Bottom rseline, RTS=1.16 a

CLUSION

ics as well aor a model HA

he Scientific a(TÜBİTAK) METUWIND

tovan, Y., Mercx: an experimentaa model turbine"004), 012098.

O., “Experimentind Turbine RotoME Wind Ener

015.

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germesign and Tes

njectioHAWT

(1)

an be seen in nd the strengtion and velos. Power bu

row: Mean vorticand RTS=3.26.

(2

as power buAWT.

and Technologunder the g

D.

can, B., & Uzoal investigation o", Journal of Phy

doi:10.1088/1

tal Investigation oor with Tip Injectrgy Symposium,

rope 2015

many sting

on T

Fig. th of ocity udget

city

2)

udget

gical grant

ol, O. on the ysics: 1742-

of the tion”, , 5-9

36

K

bea B

turbis ebladturbthinCircmodaero(unare

Tdrampowcomof mtoolconunsof ttrai

Awhoordto excinvsingsectslenshastud

Sunsrecoaero

Rbeedom

Tandchablad

Keywords – am- Unsteady

Bending-twistbine blades is exploited to alldes. For the bine blade is n-walled comcumferentiallydel. For the odynamic app

nsteady lift/ memployed in

The size of matically in t

wer of 50kW ammercially avmore than 120ls to change

nstant wind tosteady aerodynthe entire winn, and rotor an

A thin-walledose distinctiv

ders of magnitthe cross-sec

ceeds the dimestigated the gle cell-lamintion. The efnderness, and apes of rotatindied. Since wind tusteady flow enognize that odynamic effeResults for incen formulated main, primarilThe main idead reliable tooaracteristics odes of wind tu

ALarge

wind turbiny aerodynami

ting coupling one of the paleviate loads ipurpose of tmodelled as

mposite box y Asymmetr aeroelastic proach based

moment) and Lconjunction w

I. INTR

commercial the last 25 yeand a rotor di

vailable 5MW0 m. This devfrom simple

o dynamic simnamic loads m

nd turbine connd control sys

d beam (TWBve geometric tude such thatctional dimen

mensions of itrotation eff

nated compoffects of rota

hub ratios onng TWB with

urbines operanvironment, imany of th

ects on airfoilcompressible,in both the f

ly by Theodora of the presenol to determ

over the operurbine.

Aeroelae Com

#METU

Mid

ne aeroelasticic

induced in bassive control incurred due tthe study, than elastic ca

beam withric Stiffness

stability anad on TheodorLoewy (returnwith a structur

RODUCTION

wind turbinears from appiameter of 10–

W machines wivelopment has static calcul

mulation softwmodels the ae

nstruction, inclstem.

B) is a slenderdimensions a

t its thickness nsions, while ts cross-sectiofects in eigenosite TWB wation, ply ann natural freq

h flap–twist e

te for most ot is importanthe tools to s have already, unsteady airfrequency domrsen, and loewnt work is to p

mine the aerorating range

astic Smposit

Touraj F

UWind centre,

ddle East Tech1touraj

2a

city- Thin w

ig composite mechanisms wto the flexing he composite antilevered roh the deve

(CAS) strualysis, a proprsen’s strip tning wake) mal model.

nes has incrproximately a –15m up to toth a rotor diams forced the dlations assumware that fromeroelastic respluding tower,

r structural eleare all of diff

is small comits length g

on. Sina et. anvalue analyswith closed cngles, taper quencies and lastic couplin

of their time t for the analy

model unsy been laid dofoil problemsmain and the

wy [2]. provide an accoelastic instafor isolated

Stabilite WinFarsadi1#, Alt

Aerospace E

hnical Univeraj.farsadi@metu

akayran@metu.

walled

wind which of the wind

otating eloped uctural posed theory

method

reased rated

oday’s ameter design

ming a m the ponse drive

ement fferent

mpared greatly al. [1] sis of cross-ratio, mode

ng are

in an yst to

steady own. s have

time-

curate ability

rotor

Thcantidevestrucconfitwistasymgroupmate

ThLoewaerodunstewheris takthe sdowndown

Inrespeangleinflostabiof thturbiunste

A

ThEnerCoun

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

Ses

ity Annd Tur

an Kayran2#

Engineering De

rsity, Ankara, u.edu.tr

edu.tr

II. R

he composite ilevered rotatinloped Circum

ctural model. Iiguration leating and ext

mmetric stiffnp of non-class

erial anisotropy

III

he unsteady awy postulateddynamic of aneady incomprre the effect oken into accohed wake wranwards instenwards shift a

n this study, ect to the varie will be prw velocity. Mlity analysis a

he overspeed ane multi-bodeady BEM me

ACKNOWLEDG

his work is srgy and the ncil of Turkey

REFERENCES Sina S. A., Ashrtorsional vibratiProceedings of tof Aerospace EnLoewy, R.G., aerodynamics o1957.

PhD Semina

ssion: Rotor D

nalysisrbine B

epartment,

Turkey

ROTATING THI

wind turbine ng thin-walledmferentially AIn the case of ds to the dension-transvess structuralsical effects suy and warping

I. UNSTEADY A

aerodynamicsa two dimen

n oscillating rressible flow f the spiral re

ount approximaps along an inead of con

accounts for th

IV. CONC

aeroelastic siation of strucresented for Moreover, resuapproach willanalysis that w

dy simulationethod as the ae

EMENTS

supported by Scientific a

y (TÜBİTAK)

rafi M.J., Haddadions of rotating the Institution of ngineering 2011 2“A two-dimensif rotary wings”,

ar on Wind E23-25

StuDynamics an

s of Blade

IN WALLED BE

blade is modd composite bAsymmetric rotating comp

decoupling bverse shear. l model takeuch as the trang inhibition.

AERODYNAMI

s is based on nsional modelrotary wing aiin terms of

eturning wake mately. In Thenfinite line annverting do

he rotor inflow

CLUSION

stability analctural paramevarying rotatults of the clal be comparedwill be perfor

n code PHATerodynamic so

the METU and Technol

), Project No:

dpour H., and Shatapered thin-walMechanical Engi225: 387 ional approximat Aeronautical sc

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam

s

EAM

elled as an elabox beam with

Stiffness (Cposite TWB, Cetween bendCircumferenti

es into accounnsverse shear

IC

Loewy’s thel representingirfoil operatinHankel functbeneath the r

e Loewy funcnd discretely shownstream. Tw.

ysis results weters such as ftional speedassical aeroelad with the resrmed in the wTAS which olver.

Centre for Wlogical Rese213M611.

admehri F., “Flexlled composite bineers, Part G: Jo

tion to the unscience, Vol. 24, N

rope 2015

many mics

astic h the

CAS) CAS ding-ially nt a , the

eory. g the ng at tions rotor ction hifts This

with fibre and

astic sults wind uses

Wind arch

xural–beam” ournal

teady No.2,

37

K

Wintelag)deptowandfromdisttowthe inflDifof tleadicinequcauspeturbocc

RflexflexbladinerbearotaIn ttownonturbtowfirsto a

TIntebe usinvibrtranstatfor (DOmod

Windco

1sud

Keywords – S

Wind turbineeraction betwe) [1]. The ro

pends on the wer. Wind turbd tapered alonm the root totribution influ

wer and bladesstructural ch

luence stabilitfferent ice mathe blades to sd-lag motionsng on the blaual to 30% bluses instabilityed is far awabine. Icing oncur at earlier sp

Rotating bladxible beam mxibility is modde root and vrtias calculate

am models, ating beams arthe present w

wer and bladesn-rotating andbine is less tha

wer and bladet two bending

approximate thTower experieraction betwconsidered in

ng coordinatrations to nsformation mtionary frame a three blade

OF) are changdes [1]. Eigen

d turbioupled

Sudhakar Departm

dhakar.gantasal

Stability, win

I. AB

es have a seen tower andotational spestructural pr

bine blade’s aeng the lengtho its tip. Icinuencing stabis lead-lag mothanges in the ty of the NRE

ass distributionstudy stability s. Instability dades, whereaslade mass in y to occur at 7ay from the n the blades peeds with inc

II. INTR

ded systems cmodels [2,3]. delled using tvibration behaed about the blinear and nre used to stu

work, NREL 5s are modelledd rotating beaan the first bees, mode supg modes of a heir vibrationsiences collec

ween rotating n the couplete transformmulti-blade

models colleof reference.

ed rotor, bladged to collectn values of th

ne witd blade

Gantasala1, Jment of Engine

la@ltu.se, 2jean

d turbine, ici

BSTRACT

self-excited id blade in-planed at which roperties of therofoil cross s

h whose massng on the blility behavioutions. This stublades due t

EL 5 MW mns are assume of the couple

doesn’t exist fos a linearly inthe lower hal74 rpm. Howerated speed (will initiate

creasing ice m

RODUCTION

can be studieIn case of ritorsional sprinaviour is stud

blade root [2].nonlinear ben

udy their vibra5 MW model d using linearams. As the rending naturalperposition msimple cantiles [3].

ctive effect oand non-rotatd equations

mation of thcoordinates

ective blades . After the Mde vibration dtive, progresshe system mat

th icede’s in-Jean-Claude eering Science

n-claude.luneno

ing

instability dune vibrations (

instability ohe blades ansections are tws density decrlades changesur of the coudy highlightsto icing alon

model wind tured along the led tower and bfor the case wincreasing ice lf of all the bever this insta(12.5 rpm) oinstabilities w

mass.

ed using rigidigid beam mongs attached adied for equiv

In case of flending theorie

ation behaviouwind turbine

r bending theorated speed ol frequencies o

method considever beam are

of all the bting structureof motion (E

he rotating (MBC).

vibration inMBC transformdegrees of fresive and regretrices (transfo

d blad-plane

Luneno2, Jaes and Mathem

Luleå, SWEDo@ltu.se, 3Jan-O

ue to (lead-

occurs nd the wisted reases s this

oupled s how

ne can urbine. length blades ithout mass

blades ability of this which

d and odels, at the valent exible es of ur [3]. e’s [4] ory of of this of the dering e used

lades. es can EOM) blade MBC n the

mation eedom essive ormed

to MreveaCamturbiinstabehaincreequadampbetwwhicvaluepropdistridampinsta

Fig(c)

Stinitiatoweadvapart o

R[1]

[2]

[3]

11th EAWE

Ses

des: Ste and tan-Olov Aidamatics, Luleå

DEN Olov.Aidanpaa@

MBC coordinatal stability ch

mpbell diagramne data are

ability exists iaviour changeeasing ice maal to 30% of ping are sho

ween 74-79 rpmch can be idenes in Fig. 1(d)erties of theibution on theping can furt

ability occurs.

g. 1 Campbell dia) & (d) 30% ice m

tructural chanate instabilityer. The rotatances with incof the blades a

REFERENCES Bir, G. S., WrAnalysis of a VSymposium, JanChopra, I., 1977PhD thesis, MasRamakrishnan,dynamics of wi28-31, Washing

PhD Semina

ssion: Rotor D

tabilityower

anpää3, MichUniversity of

@ltu.se, 4Miche

tes) calculatedharacteristics m and modal

shown in Fin the speed

es with ice mass (in the loblade mass, wn in Fig. m range for utified from th). This study e blade due e blades and eher change th

agram and real pamass,

III. CONC

ges in the wiin the coupletional speed creasing ice maggravates thi

right, A. D. andVariable-speed Wnuary 6-9, Reno, N7, “Nonlinear dynssachusetts Institu

V. and Feeny,nd turbine bladeton, USA.

ar on Wind E23-25

StuDynamics an

y analmotio

hel Cervantesf Technology

el.Cervantes@lt

d at different of the wind damping of

Fig. 1(a) & (range of 0-1

mass, for a cower half of tCampbell dia1(c) & (d). uniform ice m

he positive reaonly considerto icing. U

effects of icinghe rotational

art of eigen value

CLUSION

ind turbine bled vibrations

at which mass. More icis instability.

d Butterfield, C.Wind Turbine”, Nevada.

namic response ofute of Technology, B. F., 2011, es”, ASME IDET

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam

lysis oons

s4

tu.se

rotational speturbine structthis model w

(b) in which00 rpm. Stabase with linethe blade lenagram and mInstability ex

mass on all blal part of the ers change in m

Uneven ice mg on aerodynaspeeds at w

s (a) & (b) No ice

lades due to iof the blades instability ocing in the lo

. P., 1997, “StaASME Wind En

f wind turbine roty.

“In-plane nonlTC/CIE 2011, Au

rope 2015

many mics

of

eeds ture. wind h no bility early ngth)

modal xists ades igen

mass mass amic hich

e,

cing and

ccur ower

ability nergy

tors”,

linear ugust

38

K

Lar

Trempartrotadevregithe direandfavomecundundwinnowimpshoturbthe siminfoinvaddinbo

Trotacom(URtimtimresoperchoat thinfleffe

Tothachthatbladairfincl

Keywords – rge Blades, C

The accurate mains challeng

t of the bladation plays avelopment unime. The cent

separated aection from thd the Coriolis ourable preschanism of thderstood andderlying phenond turbines. Twadays and portant for theould be kept bines is compcongruous va

milar effects ormation avaiestigations ar

dressed specifoard section o

II

The unsteadyating blade mputational fRANS) SST-k

me-stepping wame. To show th

olution, grid formed [4]. T

osen in the exhe condition: low conditionects from unstThe simulationer project p

hieved in termt rotation enhade span. Thefoils. The boluded for com

An Eon

Rotational CFD, Wind Tu

I. INTR

prediction of ging due to thes. The diffican important

nder highly strifugal force, area [1], tranhe root towardforce, due to ssure gradiee flow physic

d most invomena were f

The wind turbrotational eff

ese large windin mind tha

parable with talue of Rossb

of rotationilable on this re necessary. fically to inveof the large wi

I. NUMERICAL

y numerical inhave been

fluid dynamickω turbulencas utilized to hat the solutioconvergence

The 10MW blaxamination. T

U∞ = 10.5 mn has been seteady phenomns are validat

partners and ms of predicted

ances the lift ce augmentatiooundary layermparison. Fig.

Examin Larg

Galih Institute of A

Pf

Augmentatiurbine Aerod

RODUCTION

f wind turbinehe flow compculties come t role on theparated flowwhich has a s

nsports the fds the middle radial flow co

ent afterwards is however festigations rfocused on smbine size incrffects are expd turbine bladeat the tip spethe smaller onby number, ann as conseqmatter is inadTherefore, th

estigate rotatiind turbine bla

L CALCULATIO

nvestigations conducted

cs (CFD) coe model wasobtain secondns are indepenindex (GCI) ade from AVA

The calculationm/s and n = 9.0

elected to isomena e.g. dynamted against CF

a very good power and thcoefficient (C

on is depender code XFOIL2 illustrates th

inationge WiS.T.A. Bang

Aerodynamics

faffenwaldringbangga

ion, Stall Ddynamics

e power and plexity at the from the fac

he boundary w at the posstrong influen

flow in the region of the

omponent, actds. The defar from beingregarding to

mall stall-contrreases significpected to bees [2]. Howeveed ratio of lne [3], resultind this leads tquence. Currdequate and dhe present woional effects aades.

ONS

of the flow by utilizingde FLOWer.s employed. d order accurandent of the sstudies have

ATAR projecns were perfo0218 rpm. Unolate the rotamic stall.

FD results fromd agreementhrust. Fig. 1 s

Cl) up to 40% oent on the tyL calculationhe flow field o

n of Rind Tugga, Thorsten

and Gas Dyn

g 21, 70569, Sa@iag.uni-stutt

Delay,

thrust inner

ct that layer

st-stall nce on radial blade

ts as a etailed g well o the rolled cantly e less ver, it larger ing in to the rently, deeper ork is at the

w over g the . The Dual

acy in spatial

been ct was ormed niform ational

m the t was shows of the

ype of ns are of the

airforotatiwith stabi

Fig

Anbladerole are aa betThebe di

R[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

11th EAWE

Ses

Rotatiourbine n Lutz, Ewalnamics, Univer

Stuttgart, Gertgart.de

ils at 20% ring (2D) casea significant

lizes the flow

Fig.

g. 2 Averaged flo

n investigatioes has been conly at the inn

airfoil dependetter understanddetailed flowiscussed more

REFERENCES Bangga, G.S.T.AUnsteady Aerod12, Bremen, GerDu, Z., Selig, Mwind turbine blaHerráez, I., Stoeon a Wind TEnergies 7, pp. 6Celik, I.B., GhiP.E., “ProcedureDiscretization in2008.

PhD Semina

ssion: Rotor D

onal EBlade

d Krämer rsity of Stuttga

many

radial positiones. The Corio

reduction in and augment

1 Averaged 3D a

ow field for 3D (le

III. CONC

n of rotationaconducted. Thner part of theent. The evaluding of the ori

physics of the in the presen

A, Lutz, Th., Krdynamic Effects ormany, 2015.

M.S., “The effect ade”, Renewable Eevesandt, B., Peinurbine Blade U6798-6822, 2014ia, U., Roache, Pe for Estimation n CFD Applicatio

ar on Wind E23-25

StuDynamics an

Effectses art

n for rotatingolis force delan the wake sizts the lift coeff

and 2D lift coeffi

eft) and 2D (righ

CLUSION

al effects on lahe rotation ple blade and thuation of the frigin of rotatiohe underlying

nt paper.

rämer, E., “Numeon Thick Flatbac

of rotation on thEnergy 20, pp. 1nke, J., “Insight iUsing Navier–St.

P.J., Feritas, C.J.and Reporting o

ons”, Journal of F

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam

s

g (3D) and nays the separaze, which in

fficient [2,3].

icients.

t) cases.

arge wind turlays an imporhe resulting foflow field leadonal augmentag phenomena

erical Investigatiock Airfoils”, DEW

he boundary layer67-181, 2000. into Rotational Eftokes Computati

, Coleman, H., Rof Uncertainty DFluid Engineering

rope 2015

many mics

non-ation turn

rbine rtant

orces ds to ation. will

on of WEK

r of a

ffects ions”,

Raad, Due to g 130,

39

K

inte I

laye(VGinvieffeout

AconDes(CFcaphighan i

Ilighbetwbouthe of Vseenwisprohownumpra

Aturbtrai

F

m

Keywords – egral bounda

In this work, er (IBL) charGs) are used iscid interactiect of the passand sample v

An imperativencerns the intspite the increFD) for airfpturing the inflh. A more efintegral bound

In recent yearht on the flow ween the strundary layer.

modification VGs. Howeven in Baldacch

se vortices maperties, as sh

w these new pmerical codesctically impro

An initial appbulent shear ling edges in

Fig. 1 Typical wextracted fr

An inmodel

Dan#Delft Unive

1Phd res

passive flowary layer, flat

the measureracteristics oto validate n

ion code whicsive mixing d

validation data

I. PROBLEM

e part of evetegrated desigeased use of foil performafluence of bladfficient, robusdary layer app

II. BACK

rs, increased physics of voream-wise voModelling wof CFD base

er, recent findhino et al. [3

ay exhibit usefhown in Fig. physical insighs or formulatove airfoil des

III. M

proach is to stress producthe boundary

wake-like axial vefrom the span-wis

ntegralling thniel Baldacc

ersity Wind Ensearcher: d.bald

w control, vt plate, RFOI

ed modulated f low-profile

new developmch is modifieddevices. The ma is presented

M STATEMENT

ery wind turbgn of the airfComputation

ance evaluatde add-ons remst approach isproach.

KGROUND

experimental ortex generatoortices and

work has beend codes to incdings by Velt3] show that ful analytical 1. It remains hts can be couted in such aign codes and

METHODS

modify the fction at the lo

layer formula

elocity profiles dse location of the

al bounhe effehino#1, Carlo

nergy Researcdacchino@tude

vortex generL, PIV

integral bouvortex gene

ments in a visd to incorporamotivations arwithin this ab

T

ine design prfoil/blade secal Fluid Dynaion, the comains prohibi thus sought

research hasors i.e. the intethe encompa

n mainly limitcorporate the te et al. [1,2]embedded strand self-symmto be seen th

upled with exa fashion so d routines.

formulation oocation of theation, accordin

downstream of thvortex core posit

ndaryfects o

os J. S. Ferre

ch Institute, Kelft.nl; 2Associa

rator,

undary erators scous-ate the re laid bstract.

rocess ctions. amics st of itively using

s shed erplay assing ted to effect , also ream-metric hough xisting

as to

of the e VG ng to

he VG, tion

indirapproprofimeasThiscodevelocboun

Fig

Thcompin-hoexpeDU-rwhiccamp

A

Thproje

R[1][2][3]

[4]

11th EAWE

Ses

y layerf vort

eira#2, Gerard

Kluyverweg 1, ate Professor; 3P

0,

.

rectly capturioach seeks neiles. For this, surements per

data will be modificationcity profiles andary layer dev

g. 2 Span-wise vover a VG-pa

IV. C

he final papparing the neouse RFOILrimental datarange of wind

ch have beepaigns at the T

ACKNOWLEDG

his work is paect.

REFERENCES C. M. Velte, M. C. M. Velte. AIAD. Baldacchino“Experimental iFluids, Article inTimmer WA, va488-496.

PhD Semina

ssion: Rotor D

r methex gen

d J.W. van Bu

2629 HS DelfProfessor (sectio

∀

, ∀

ng the preseew scaling lawhigh resolutio

rformed in [3]partially used

ns. Sample reare shown in Fvelopment is s

variation of the air span at four di

CONCLUSIONS

per and preswly implemencode, comp

a. Comparisond turbine airfoen measuredTU Delft low t

EMENTS

art-financed by

O. L. Hansen, anAA Journal, 51(2), D. Ragni, C.Jnvestigation of lon preparation. an Rooij RM. AS

ar on Wind E23-25

StuDynamics an

hod forneratoussel#3

ft, Netherlandon chair)

,

ence of the ws for actuateon Particle Im] for low profd to validate esults for theFig. 1 and theshown in Fig.

actuated boundadifferent streamwi

AND NEXT ST

sentation willented modellinpared with cns will also boils sporting vd in previoturbulence wi

y the Europea

nd V. L. Okulov. ):526–529, 2013.

J. Simão Fereiraow-profile vortex

SME. J. Sol. Ener

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Aerodynam

r ors

ds.

(1)

VG. A seced boundary lmage Velocimfile VGs are u

the implemene controlled ae 3D nature of 2.

ary layer shape fise locations.

TEPS

l discuss resng scheme incurrent flat pbe made withvortex generatous experimeind tunnel [4].

an FP7 AVAT

JFM, 619:167, 2. , G.J.W. van Bux generators”, Ex

rgy Eng. 2003, 12

rope 2015

many mics

cond ayer

metry used. nted axial f the

factor

sults n the plate h the tors, ental .

TAR

008.

ussel, xp. In

25(4):

40

KeyTurMoboucomsignthesinteaccstatproloadrate(1Hpow[3].the aboturbturbAs CFDrarethe turbWeexpcreagivthe coneffeturbTheencconforcTheof cverychathatrepr

Howw

ywords – rbulence

odern wind undary layer mplex, turbulnificantly impse flow charermittent, nonounted for intistics have a cess, as theyds, which arees [2]. FurtherHz) these interwer output of . Thereby, strimpact of tur

out the flow cbines is not cabulence. proper modelD simulationse, our approaclaboratory for

bulence on wie present winposed to diffeated using an es the possibiinflow chara

ntrolled enviroects to gain a bbulent flows oe model turbicloses a torquensidered variabce of the turbie active grid, custom flow y low turbulen

aracteristics. Tt vary in theroduced in th

w diffewind tu

Jannik Sch

Model Win

turbines ope(ABL). The

ent wind copact their perracteristics ren-Gaussian stan industry sta

big impact oy lead to heae considered tr, it can be shrmittent charawind turbine

rengthening thrbulence on wcharacteristicsaptured by an

lling of turbules and suitable ch is to scale dr experimentaind turbines. nd tunnel testerent turbulenactive grid fo

ility to preciseacteristics andonment. Thisbetter underst

on wind turbinine used has e- and pitch cbles are the pine. which is showconditions innce intensitiesTherewith, dieir statistical he wind tunne

erent turbinehottler1, Agni

ForWind, Ce

Ammerl

nd Turbine

erate within erewith, they

onditions, whrformance. A eveals that thatistics, whichandards [1]. on the wind avy fluctuatioto increase whown that foracteristics rems and even ofhe importancewind turbiness that significindustry-stan

ence remains data from fiel

down the situaal investigation

ts using a mnt inflow conor flow manipely tune singl

d (ii) the turbis allows an itanding of the nes.

a rotor diamcontrol systempower output,

wn in Fig. 1, n the wind tuns to numerousifferent wind description c

el. Upstream

turbules – an

ieszka Höllinntre for Wind

länder Heerstr1jannik.sch

s, Active

the atmospy are exposeose characterproper analy

hey feature hh are currentlThese intermenergy conve

ons in mechawind turbine fr small time s

main evident if entire wind e of understan. Still, inform

cantly effects ndard descripti

problematic wld measuremeation in the fins on the imp

model wind tunditions, whicpulation. This le parameters ne parametersisolation of simpact of diff

meter of 0.58mm. In this study

torque, and

allows the crennel, ranging s different turb

speed time an be createdof the model

lent inn expeng, Nico Rei

d Energy Resea

raße 136, 261hottler@uni-old

Grid,

pheric ed to ristics

ysis of highly ly not

mittent ersion anical failure scales in the farms

anding mation

wind ion of

within ents is ield to pact of

urbine ch are

setup of (i) s in a single

fferent

m and dy, the

thrust

eation from

bulent series d and wind

turbisimuThe compinflowhosclassextenturbi

Fig

REFE

[1]

[2]

[3]

11th EAWE

nflow cerimen

nke, Joachimarch, Univers

129 Oldenburgdenburg.de

ne, a hot wiultaneously wi

main focus oparison of thw conditionsse differencessification of nt intermittenne.

g. 1 Photograph oOldenburg. equipped wit

ERENCES

Morales, A., Wturbulence by hpp. 391–406. Tavner P., Qiu Awind turbine tur(2011): p. 149. Milan, P., Wächenergy”, Ph

PhD Semina

Session: Loa

conditntal apm Peinke, Misity of Oldenbu

g, Germany

re probe recoth the turbineof this study he turbine das. More precs are not capturbulence. Tnt flow char

of the active grid Stepper motors

th square plates fo

Wächter, M., and igher order statis

A., Korogiannos Arbulence and pitch

hter, M. and Peiys. Rev.

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuad Measurem

tions approac

ichael Höllinurg

ords the appa’s parametersis the statist

ata during dicisely, we coptured by an Therewith, wracteristics im

in the wind tunn control 16 ve

for flow manipula

Peinke, J., “Chastics,” Wind Ene

A., Feng Y.: Theh failure, Proceed

inke, J., “TurbulLett., 110,

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germments and Tes

affect ch ng

arent wind sp. tical analysis ifferent turbuompare scenaindustry-stand

we show to wmpact the w

el of the Universertical/horizontal ation.

aracterization of ergy, vol. 15.3 (2

correlation betwdings of EWEA

ent character of 138701 (2

rope 2015

many sting

peed

and ulent arios dard what wind

ity of

axis

wind 012):

ween

wind 2013).

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Keywords – ta, Extreme L

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mulation or exC standard 614tistical extrapod 50-year exrapolation pr

pend on the igner. This Ph

mmon methoperience gainem an offshore

Within the framuge measuremh a tripod foha ventus [2]olution 50Hz wind turbine

nding momentes the unique ds of an offrapolated load

Unlike simulborately proceis procedure ipection of thetricted to specestream in or

mulations afterasured instearposes will be

Once a reliabues, which wained by usi

tical Ef Offs

Stu

Offshore WLoads, Load

methods allod turbines wixperimental d400-3 [1] for olation of loadxtreme loads,rocedure. Thimplementat

hD project shaods for loaded from the exe wind turbine

amework of thment data of thoundation loca is available.data for sens(e.g. blade rots) and the tropportunity t

fshore wind ds obtained fro

lated loads, essed before includes amone data. Furthecified conditiorder to be abrwards. The dad of simuldiscussed.

ble data basewill be used ing different

Extrapshore Wuttgart Wind E

Wind TurbinExtrapolatio

ow the predicith a limited

data. The curroffshore win

ds in order to , without proherefore, thetion method all contribute d extrapolatioxtrapolation of.

he project “OWhe Adwen winated in the o More than tsors at the m

oot bending moripod have beto extrapolateturbine and

om simulation

measured loperforming long others caliermore the mons such as poble to make

difficulties thalated loads

e is establishfor the extrmethods su

polatioWind

Sarah Energy @ Inst

Allmandring lott@

nes, Measuren

ction of longamount of

rent version ond turbines reqestimate the 1oviding a pr estimated of the indivto the validati

on based onf measuremen

WEA Loads”,d turbine AD5ffshore wind

three years ofain componenoments, towereen recorded.measured excompare the

ns.

oads need toad extrapolaibration and veasurement dower producticomparisons

at arise when for extrapo

hed, the maxirapolation, cauch as the g

on MetTurbi

h Lott, Po Wetitute of Aircra

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ement

g-term either of the quires 1-year recise loads

vidual ion of n the nt data

strain 5-116 farm

f high nts of r base . This

xtreme em to

to be ations. visual

data is ion or with using

olation

imum an be global

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abili

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11th EAWE

thods ine Exen Cheng aft Design, Un

uttgart, Germaart.de

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ce of the diimum load var

g. 1 Example offunctions.

ased on themmendationshore wind turb

REFERENCES International EleTurbines – Part2009 http://www.alph

0.510

-10

10-5

100

prob

abili

ty o

f ex

ceed

ance

PhD Semina

Session: Loa

for thxtreme

niversity of Stu

any

d or the peakhere are based e selection of ) as well as th

Moments, Maxi

short-term extment is shownistribution furies significan

a short-term ext

e results of for the extra

bines are to be

ectrotechnical Cot 3: Design requ

ha-ventus.de

normalized

Winds

Fore-Aft To

GEV, Max

Gumbel, MWeibull2, M

return perio

ar on Wind E23-25

Stuad Measurem

he Estie Loaduttgart

k over threshd on global maf the distributihe choice of timum Likelih

trapolation of n in Figure 1. Dunction the ently.

trapolation using

f this PhD apolation of e made.

ommission IEC/Tuirements for off

1to the highest val

speed: 20 m/s

ower Base Bendin

ximumLikelihood

MaximumLikelihooMaximumLikeliho

od: 50 years

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germments and Tes

imatiods

hold method. axima. ion function (the fitting methood Method)

the fore-aft toDepending onexpected 50-

g different distrib

project specextreme load

TC88 61400-3, “Wfshore wind turbi

1.5ue

ng Moment

odod

rope 2015

many sting

on

The

(e.g. thod will

ower n the year

bution

cific ds of

Wind ines”,

42

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Twinturbthe curr

Fedg(opbehserv

Tfreqmomat tallocalcinteproat d

Ffatimud

Wasseextrgoa

Tow

Keywords onitoring

The main goathodology thaire wind farm decisions anshore wind fare proposed fa

mited number rapolate the mng empirical teorological an

The measuremnd farm, whicbines. The win

Belgian coarently still ongFor the currenges of the farmtical) strain

havior. Data ver and is procThe current quencies, damments at the Tthe tower-TP ows monitorinculation of daerface connectduced a datab

different locatiFuture develogue life at odline [2]. While these essment of thrapolated to thal the monitor

wards mfl

– Fatigu

l of the currenat can assess

m and will sernd asset manrm owners.

atigue monitorof turbines,

measurements models bas

and SCADA d

I. MA

ment campaignch consists ond farm is locast. The camgoing.

nt campaign twm, were instru

gauges to cis transferred

cessed on a dasetup allow

mping ratios Transition piec interface. Mng the consuamage equivaltions. As a re

base of over 50ions for each topments suchther fatigue-c

results are e instrumentehe other turbired fatigue lif

monitoeets o

Wout W

ue, Lifetim

nt research is the consumed

rve as a supponagement for

ring approach so- called to the other tu

sed on strucdata.

AIN BODY n is performed

of 72 Vestas cated in the Nompaign started

wo turbines, sumented with aclosely monitd continuousaily basis.

ws determinin[1] as wel

ce (TP) - MonMore importanumption of falent loads at tesult this ongo0.000 instantaturbine.

h as virtual scritical locatio

very relevaned turbine, theines in the farfe is first ana

oring of offsh

Weijtjens1 ,N#OWI-lab,

Pleinlaan 21wout

me assessm

to develop a d fatigue life ort tool for enboth onshore

h is to instrumfleet leadersurbines in the

ctural inform

d at the NorthV112 3MW

orth Sea, 37 kd in 2014 an

situated at the accelerometertor their dynsly to an on

ng the resonll as the bennopile interfacntly the setupatigue life anthe aforementoing campaiganeous fatigue

ensing will aons such as a

nt for the fae results need rm. To achievalysed for diff

11th EAW

the cohore w

Nymfa Nopp

Vrije Unive

2, 1050 Brust.weijtjens@vub

ment,

novel of an

nd-of-e and

ment a , and

e farm mation,

hwind wind

km off and is

outer rs and namic nshore

nance ending ce and p also nd the tioned gn has e rates

assess at the

atigue to be

ve this fferent

operamodemeteinstrufatigucompthe fresul

ThprogrmethinstruSCAmodeevaluwind

Kediffewell the faThe drivea val

A

Th

FWOParkw

R[1]

[2]

WE PhD S

Session

onsumwind tpe , Christof D

ersiteit Brus

ssels, Belgib.ac.be

ational cases elled case-by

eorological dumented, the ue life consparing these pfinal step the lts to the entire

his contributiression of fa

hodology to usumented turb

ADA, meteoroel the progreuated on two d farm. ey parametersrent operationas environme

farm. developed m

en fatigue asseluable tool for

ACKNOWLED

his research wO and IWT. wind for their

REFERENCESWeijtjens, W. anClassifying resowind turbine o , Iliopoulos, ADevriendt, Life sensor approach

eminar on

n: Load Me

med fatturbineDevriendt

sel

um

(e.g. parkedy-case using data at the

found model sumption of predictions tovalidated mo

e wind farm.

II. CONC

ion aims to atigue life inse the measurines, so calle

ological data ession of fatiinstrumented

s that need tonal conditionsental paramet

methodology wessment of anr decision supp

DGEMENTS

was made possThe author

r continued sup

S nd Shirzadeh, R. onant frequencieson a monopile f

. and Weijtjenstime assessment

h, C., EWEA Offs

Wind Ene23-25 Se

Stuttgeasurement

tigue les

d or rated pthe availabsite. As tw

l is validated f the other o the actual model allows t

CLUSION illustrate the

n an offshorerements of a led fleet-leadeand structura

igue life wasturbines in a

o be taken ints of the indivters such as t

will allow to n entire wind fport.

sible by grantrs would alsupport through

and De Sitter, Gs and damping vfoundation, EW

s, W. and Van of offshore foun

shore 2015, Cope

rgy in Euroeptember 20gart, Germats and Test

life of

power) and ble SCADA wo turbines by predictingfleet-leader

measurementsto extrapolate

e behavioure wind farmlimited numbeers, and availal informations introduced Belgian offsh

o account arevidual turbinehe turbulence

perform a dfarm and serv

ts provided byo like to th

hout this proje

G. and Devriendvalues of an off

WEA 2014, Barc

Hemelrijck, D. dations using a v

enhagen

ope 015 any ting

f

then and are

g the and

s. In e the

and m. A er of lable n to and

hore

e the es as es in

data-ve as

y the hank ect.

dt, C., fshore elona

and virtual

43

K

Wa W

therwinconaffetypiloadfarmanyflowPhDeacchaimpmeafarmload

Tmeabasthenside

Bbennonthe inforotocanthe fina

Iplacdistimpfidemodwithmod

Tthe repr

DWin

§Diparti

Keywords – Wake Detection

Wind turbinesreby leave behnd speed and nditions withinected by the wically results ids. Wake mitm controller my such control w conditions wD project is toh turbine as

aracteristics pingements. Tasurements cam controller fds. The work prean wind speeed on the bladn used to dete of the rotor d

Based on a winding coeffin-dimensional

mean wind ormation, a mor disc, termen be estimated

wind speed ally comparedIn a simplisticed with a lontance for obtapingent on thelity multibodelled by a sh the wind sdel.

The wind spedownwind t

resents a dif

Detectind Far

imento di Scie

Wind Farm n

s extract enehind them a wan increased

n a wind farmwake of upstrein reduced powtigation or remay reduce tlogic to be ef

within the wino develop techs a wind seas well a

Together withan then be defor better ener

esented hereined at the posde root bendintect a wake imdisk.

I. M

ind turbine simicient is dl blade root ospeed at the

mean wind sped here sectord. Using as sec

estimates on d to detect a pac wind farm

ngitudinal distaining differe

he downwind dy dynamic

superposition speed deficit

II. R

ed estimates turbine are sfferent wake

ion of rm Co

Johannes S#Wind

Boltzm

enze e Tecnolo

Control, Win

ergy out of thwake characte

turbulence inm environmeneam machines,wer output an

edirection perthese undesireffective, it is cnd farm. A mahniques for utensor [2], byas detecting h flow and weployed by argy capture a

n proposes ansition occupieng moments. Tmpingement c

METHODS

mulation moddefined thatout-of-plane be blade locatipeed in differr effective wictors the left a

the two sideartial wake immodel, two

tance of 4D anent wake conturbine is simmodel. The

of Mann’s tuprovided by

RESULTS

in the two hohown in Figoverlap indi

f Partiaontrol b

Schreiber#1, S

Energy Institu

annstr. 15, 851johan

ogie Aerospaz

nd Speed Sen

he wind flowerized by a redntensity. In cnt, turbines m, an interactio

nd increased faformed by a ed effects [1]crucial to knoain objective otilizing the roy measuring

potential wake models, a closed loop nd reduced fa

n estimation oed by each bThose estimatecondition on

del, an out-of-t correlates bending momeion. Based onrent sectors oind speed (SEand right quades of the roto

mpingement. 3MW turbine

nd a variable lnditions. The mulated by ae wake inflourbulent windy the Larsen

orizontal sectog. 1. Each suicated by the

al Wakby AnStefano Cacc

ute, Technisch

5748 Garchingnnes.schreiber@

ziali, Politecn

nsing,

w and duced

certain may be on that atigue wind

]. For ow the of this otor of

wind wake those wind

atigue

of the blade, tes are either

-plane the

ent to n this of the EWS), drants, or are

es are lateral wake

a high ow is d field

wake

ors of ubplot e title

showAt aoperathe BetwsectoThat Baseoverldisk.

Fig

InSEWthe Nas wmeasof threfermastrefer

Thestimresulestimrotormoresimuprepadetecfarmcond

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

ke Imnalysis

ciola#, Carlo

he Universität

g b. München@tum.de

ico di Milano,

wing the lateraa lateral distanating outside

estimated ween -1D andor and the win

deficit is alsoed on those estlap between 0

g. 1 Estimation different wak

n addition to WS is validatedNREL CART3wind speed surements at dhe vertical srence. The ret and wind sprence to a vert

II

he presented mmation and wlts in a preli

mating the mer disc is also ve realistic waulations using ared. It is fuctor together w

m in a wind tuditions are mor

REFERENCES Knudsen, T., Bapower and fatiguBottasso, C. L., observer using f

PhD Semina

pingems of R

L. Bottasso#

t München

, Germany

, Via La Masa

al distance bence of 1.25Dthe influencewind speed

d 0D the waknd speed reduco well capturetimates it is p0.75D and 0.2

of the wind spke impingement c

simulation sd by evaluatio3 wind turbine

reference. different heighsectors are csults show gpeed estimateical (rather tha

I. CONCLUSIO

method of usiwake impingeniminary simuean wind spevalidated throake inflow aNREL’s SOWrther plannedwith a wind faunnel environmre easily deter

ak, T., Svenstrupue optimization”,Riboldi C. E. D

field test data”, Re

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession: Win

ment Rotor L

#§

a 34, 20156 M

etween rotor D the turbine

e of the wakeds have eqke center is imction due to thed by the windpossible to det25D on either

peed in two lateconditions.

studies, the eon of field mee. A nearby m

Because it hts, the wind compared wi

good correlaties, although i

han horizontal)

ON & OUTLOOK

ing blade loadnt detection

ulation study.eed in differeough field meaassessment, hWFA code ard to validate arm controllerment, where trmined than in

p, M., “Survey of, Wind Energy 20

D., “Validation ofRenewable Energy

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Farm Con

for Loads

Milano, Italy

and wake cene is more or e and accordinqual magnitmpinging the he wake is evid speed estimatect a partial wr side of the r

eral rotor sector

estimation of easurements f

met-mast is choonly prov

speed estimatith the met-mon between min this case w) shear.

K

ds for wind spshows promi

The methodent sectors ofasurements. Figh fidelity Lre currently bthe impingemr in a scaled wthe ambient wn the field.

f wind farm cont014 f a wind misaligny 74 298–306, 20

rope 2015

many ntrol

nter. less

ngly tude.

left dent. ator.

wake rotor

rs for

f the from osen

vides tions mast met-with

peed ising d of f the For a LES eing

ment wind wind

trol—

nment 15

44

K W

dendiffare invturbconintebecwakinvundturb

Tgivturbtheme.g.

F

Lida

Keywords – w

With the grownsity of instaferent wind tu

getting moreestigations habine in its aentrol towards aeractions are gcause of the reke but also beestigation in

derstand the mbines.

Thus, in this en. Wakes arebines and them in a control. by redirectin

Fig. 1 Model basthe second

ar – a m

wind farm co

wing size ofalled wind purbines and be and more iave been ma

erodynamics, a smart wind tgaining more

educed power ecause of the n wind farmmain dynami

I. AP

contribution e the charactererefore findingl fashion help

ng them or by

sed wake trackingrow the measure

measu

#Univ

ntrol, lidar, w

f wind turbinower the inteyond that beimportant. In ade to improits structural turbine. Nowa

e and more improduction ofincreased stru

m dynamics ics in couple

PPROACH

an insight inrizing interactg adequate m

ps to reduce thmitigating the

g using lidar measements behind the

uremen

Steffen Raa

versity of Stutt

Allmandring 1raach

wake control

nes and a groteractions betetween wind

the past, a love a single

dynamics, anadays, wind tumportance notf wind turbineuctural loads.

are necessard system of

n wake trackitions between

methods to deshe interaction eir influence.

surements in fivee wind turbine in

nt too

ach#1, Prof. P

tgart, Stuttgar

5B, 70569 Stuh@ifb.uni-stuttg

owing tween farms lot of wind

nd its urbine t only es in a Thus, ry to wind

ing is n wind scribe either

Inmeasmethdescran op

Thfield descrThe wresulcontrwith botto

Thget fmodebe co

e distances withinthe wind field.

11th EAWE

l for w

Po Wen Chen

rt Wind Energ

uttgart, Germagart.de

n this work surements to chod uses theription to besptimization apherefore, the

is modelled ribing the wakwake of a 5 Mlts are presentrol ideas. Figthe model in

om row.

his approach further propertel based windontrolled.

n the wake of the

PhD Semina

wind f

ng#

gy (SWE)

any

a method ischaracterize the internal mt fit the mode

pproach. measurementdynamically. ke propagatio

MW offshore wted and evaluagure 1 showsn the top row

II. CONC

enables to traties of the wa

d farm control

wind turbine. Th

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession: Win

farm c

s presented wthe wake and

model principel to the mea

t system and A kernel fun

on and the mixwind turbine ated with resps an exempla

w and the mea

CLUSION

ack the wake ake and can bwhere the wa

he first row shows

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Farm Con

ontrol

which uses lits direction.

ple and a wasurements wi

the waked wnction is usedxing of the wis tracked andpect to wind fary reconstrucasurements in

centerline anbe a first step ake could acti

s the identified m

rope 2015

many ntrol

l

lidar The

wake ithin

wind d for

wake. d the farm ction n the

nd to into vely

model,

45

KPar

T

Swthe whewakdueThifarmpowmax

Wadvtogformless

Cmaxthe resuconfarmof phav

Twithoutpthe calc

turb(1).

by Eat tof pbelo

conmax

Keywords – Wrticle Swarm

This work prearm Optimisafarm. The co

ere output of tke effects on e to wakes is cis model givesm. PSO is usewer for all theximum farm o

Wind turbinesvantages of ecether creates m of wake effs power than aConventionallximum possibwake effects

ult in maximntrollers need m controller wpower, to the ve to follow thThe aim of thh enough accput with realis

Jensen wakculation and P

The total winbines’ output. . Total wind faEq. (2), beinturbine is givpower is ow rated. ∑Now, if all

nditions with nximum achiev

_ _

D

Wind Farm COptimisation

esents a wind fation (PSO) fontroller uses the upstream tthe downstre

calculated usis wind speed aed to generatee turbines andoutput.

I. INTR

s are installedconomy of scaaerodynamic fects. Due to wa similar numbly wind turbble energy froon downstreamum farm to be develop

would provideturbine contro

hose referencehis work is tocuracy for mstic assumptio

ke flow modPSO [2] for ma

II. PROBLEM

nd farm poweThe output o

arm power witng the turbine ven by an. The free stre

the turbine

no wakes andvable combine ∑

DynamTanvir Ahm#School of E

Control, Coon, Power Max

farm controllefor maximisin

a coordinatedturbines is vaream turbines.ng the Jensenat different loe different sed select the on

RODUCTION

d together in wale. However,interactions a

wakes a windber of isolatedbines in a wom the wind wam turbines. Toutput. Ther

ped for coordie reference pollers and the

e points. o develop a f

maximising thons. The propodel [1] for waximizing the

M FORMULATIO

er is the sum of a wind turb

th N number ounder considend the correspeam wind spe∑s are operat

d at their maxed output is giv

mic Wimad*1, Peter

Engineering &

1tanvir.

ordinated Conximisation

er based on Pang power outpd control appried for minim The speed d

n wake flow mcations in thets of coefficiene which resu

wind farms to, installing turamong them i

d farm will prod turbines. wind farm ewithout considThis will not alrefore wind inated controloints - coefficturbine contr

fast farm conte total wind osed controllerwind speed dfarm output.

ON

of individual ine is given b

of turbines is eration. Wind ponding coeffed is assumed

ting in free imum ven by Eq. (3)

ind FaC. Matthews

& Computing S

Durham, UK.ahmad@durha

ntrol,

article put of proach mising deficit model. e wind ent of ults in

o take rbines in the oduce

extract dering lways farm

l. The cients rollers

troller farm

r uses deficit

wind by Eq.

(1)

given speed

ficient d to be

(2) flow , the

).

(3)

Tbetw

,∑An

propo5MWstraigfree wakedireccontrcontr

PSglobaavera

Fig

ThTexaflow

A maxithe tucouldexamBraz

R[1][2]

11th EAWE

arm Cos*2, Behzad K

Sciences, Dur

UK am.ac.uk

The optimisatiween Eq. (2) a

, the objective∑III

n example arrosed controlle

W turbines. Thght line with stream wind

e interaction ction is pararoller could prol with these SO provides al optimum vage to find an

g. 1 Movement o

he results are as. An increass in crosswind

PSO basedimising the wurbines. T. It d be achieve

mple wind farmos, Texas win

REFERENCES Jensen, N.O., A Kennedy, J. aProceedings of 1995. Perth, Aus

PhD Semina

ontrolKazemtabrizi

ham Universi

ion problem and Eq. (3). e function beco∑I. RESULTS AN

ray of 7 wind er. All the turbhe turbines ara distance of speed is assuis consider

allel to the produce 2.2%settings. a solution wivalue. The poptimum valu

f PSO particles to

validated witse of up to 3d direction.

IV. CONC

d wind farm ind farm outpis found that

ed with this m. Results ar

nd farm.

note on wind genand R. Eberhar

IEEE internatiostralia

ar on Wind E23-25

StuSession: Win

ller i*3

ity

is to minimiIgnoring the omes as give

ND DISCUSSION

turbines is simbines are assu

are assumed toalmost 3D be

umed to be 1red assumingturbine array

% more than

ith less than particles take ue as can be s

owards optimum

th data from B% is achieve

CLUSION

m controller put with coord

an increase os controller fre validated w

nerator interactiort. Particle swaonal conference

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, Germnd Farm Con

ise the differeconstant term

in Eq. (4).

N

mulated usingumed to be NRo be located etween them. 5 m/s. Maxim

g that the wy. The propothe conventi

2 percent of20 iterations

een in Fig. 1.

Coefficients of p

Brazos wind fd when the w

is presented dinated controof up to 3 perfor the assu

with data from

n. 1983 arm optimization

on neural netw

rope 2015

many ntrol

ence ms -

(4)

g the REL in a The

mum wind osed onal

f the s on

power

farm wind

for ol of rcent umed m the

n. in works.

46

K

Ha T

forcBas

Tcapsustemidecof effibetwresemetdevexp

Tconlift necand

TandsamdesThethe abo

Ta Mand

F

Tretu

L

Keywords – mmerstein m

This paper prece of a singlesed Predictive

The last decadpacity of witainable enerissions [1]. A

creasing the cowind turbin

iciency of a ween single wearch aims to thod to contro

velop and valperiment with This paper densists of using

force of a scessary to undd how it will in

The lift force d hence the came time causes

irable in ordee lift force is wind speed,

out the axis aloThe lift force

MPC that goved the current li

Fig. 1 Control blo

The experimeurn subsonic w

Lift Fo

Wind enermodel, variabl

esents a new ce airfoil, usin

e Controller (M

I. INTR

des have faceind turbines, rgy supply long with thisost of energy

nes. When thwind farm

wind turbines combine MPCol such aerodlidate the protwo interactin

escribes the fig the proposedsingle airfoil.derstand the bnfluence the d

II. LIFT FOR

of a rotor blaptured energys the mechanier to output comainly determand can be in

ong the blade control loop i

erns the pitch ift force.

ock diagram of th

III. EXPERIM

ental study wwind tunnel.

rce Co#Institu

S

*CAP

rgy, lift forcle angle of att

concept for thng Galerkin mMPC).

RODUCTION

ed a big increamotivated

and reduceds growth comby e.g. increahinking abou

the aerodynhave to be co

C with Galerkdynamic interaoposed methong airfoils is cirst step of thd control stra Such primaehaviour of a

downstream ai

RCE CONTROL

lade determiny of the windical loads. A constant powermined by thenfluenced by (pitch) [4]. is shown in Fangle using a

e lift force

MENTAL SET-U

will be perforThe driving f

ontrolAline Aguia

ute of AutomatSteinbachstr.

1A.Aguiarda

PES Foundati

ce control, Mtack

he control of thmethod and M

ase in the insby the need

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he author gram the RWTHolarship No. B

REFERENCES Manwell, J. F.Explained: TheoWest Sussex, EBartl, J., PierelArray of Two M2012 Klein, S., HoppAirfoil InteracMeasurements",doi: 10.2514/1.JBianchi, F. D., Systems: PrincAdvances in IndLadson, C.L., “ENumber on the 0012 Airfoil Sec

PhD Semina

-Alonel#

University any

of Brazil

s in the test sed incompressib

e up and downstre

n (Fig. 2) conw. The upstunt of the kiiform flow fiennected with ection, in ordeangle.

IV. FUTUR

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section can the complete eal-time hardw

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J053441 De Battista, H.,

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G., Rogers, AApplication”, Joh

L., “Wake Mearbines”, Energy P

olz, P., and RadeVortical DisturbVol. 53, No. 6,

Mantz, R. J., “Wng and Gain Springer, 2006 ndent Variation odynamic Charact

M 4074, 1988

Energy in EurSeptember 2

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foil

wind tunnel.

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47

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 2

Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations

of generic 10 MW turbines Eva Jost

1, Thorsten Lutz, Ewald Krämer

Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics, University of Stuttgart

Pfaffenwaldring 21, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany 1e.jost@iag.uni-stuttgart.de

Keywords – Aerodynamics, CFD simulation, AVATAR reference wind turbine, DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine, power curve

I. MOTIVATION

One of the main focus points of today’s wind energy

research is the development of large Multi-Mega-Watt

turbines of 10 MW to 20 MW size. This trend is driven by the

ambition to reduce the overall cost of energy, which can be

achieved by increasing the power output per turbine at

moderate rise of manufacturing costs. Raising the rotor

diameter is one promising way for attaining this goal.

However, the development of these novel turbines is

connected to severe technical challenges. As simple up-

scaling will lead to heavy-weight rotors, new design

philosophies have to be applied. For the generic AVATAR [1]

and DTU 10 MW [2] reference wind turbines the rotor weight

was reduced by selecting thicker airfoils to increase the

moment of inertia and therefore blade stiffness.

II. REFERENCE WIND TURBINES

The DTU 10 MW turbine has a blade length of 89.15m and

was designed based on the FFA-W3-xxx airfoil family. At the

inner blade region, a rigid Gurney flap was applied to achieve

a higher aerodynamic performance [2]. The AVATAR rotor

blade is 102.88m long and consists of different DU profiles. In

terms of load reduction and wind farm aspects it is designed

as low induction blade.

III. COMPUTATIONAL SETUP

The present work researches the aerodynamic behaviour of

these turbines by means of CFD. Different operating

conditions were investigated in a 120-degree model with

periodic boundary conditions. The simulations have been

performed using the CFD code FLOWer, which was

developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) [3].

Steady and unsteady computations based on the Dual-Time-

Stepping Scheme were conducted. For turbulence modelling

the Menter-SST-model was selected and all simulations are

performed fully turbulent without transition.

The simulation mesh consists of four separate grids for

background, nacelle, spinner and blade, which are overlapped

using the CHIMERA technique. Grid resolution was

investigated in a convergence study which led to in total 15.42

millions cells for the AVATAR turbine and respectively 15.34

millions for the DTU 10 MW turbine.

IV. RESULTS

The power curve of the DTU 10 MW turbine is exemplarily

presented in this abstract and compared to the results provided

by DTU in [2]. In figure 1, a good accordance between the

results by FLOWer and EllipSys3D can be seen.

Fig. 1 Comparison of integral power and thrust for the DTU 10MW

turbine

Results of the AVATAR turbine will be shown in the final

paper. It will include a comparison of radial forces like

sectional torque/thrust and the pressure/friction distributions.

A comparison between steady and unsteady simulations will

be shown.

V. CONCLUSION

Although integral power and thrust agree well, differences

occur at the blade root. Large-scaled separation is dominant

there resulting in load fluctuations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

For providing their resources the authors gratefully thank

the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart and the

AVATAR project for funding.

REFERENCES

[1] G. Sieros et al.; AVATAR Deliverable D1.2 Reference Blade Design;

January 2015; www.eera-avatar.eu

[2] C. Bak; F. Zahle; R. Bitsche; T. Kim; A. Yde; L.C. Henriksen; P.B. Andersen; A.. Natarajan, M.H. Hansen; “Design and performance of a

10 MW wind turbine”; http://dtu-10mw-rwt.vindenergi.dtu.dk

[3] N. Kroll; J. Fassbender; “MEGAFLOW – Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design”; Springer Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg/New York;

ISBN 3-540-24383-6; 2002

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REFERENCES G.B.Eke, J.I. using Genetic A. Al-Abadi, Aerodynamic Wind TurbineJ.Hajek. Paraaerodynamic o

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REFERENCES M. H. Hansen. Wind Energ. 20P. Zhang, S. H.Current Status, R2011, 5(4): 419–G. C. Larsen, MWind Turbine BD. J. Ewins. MoEdition, 2000.

PhD Semina

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REFERENCES

chepers J. G.: Doctoral Thesis, 2Hauptmann S., BüKühn M., Cheng method and the bloads of multi-MW

Wind 2012, JournaGupta V., W.AAerodynamic ModD. Marten, J. W

aschereit: QBladorizontal and ver013, ISSN: 2250–

Garrel, van, A, imulation Modulchepers, J.G., et

Analysis of Mexicimms D., Schre

Aerodynamics ExComparison of PNREL/TP-500-294

PhD Semina

for unsVAWT#

ermany

specially the cys an importad of modellin

he wake is momon vortex noand the attachattachment/de

rent strategiesn the wake, w

hreading is usection step to

e integrated Lpublished dat7] experimentng line for bomade availablee.

during an unstead

Engineering mo012, TU Delft ülk M., Schön LP.W.: Comparisoade-element-mom

W wind turbines;al of Physics: Con

A.A.M.Bierboomsdelling on Aero-Eendler, G. Pechl

de: an open sourrtical axis wind tu–2459 “Development

e”, ECN Report, al.: “Final report

co wind tunnel meeck S., Hand Mxperiment in thPredictions to M494, National Ren

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

steadyT turb

choice of elemant role for tng the wake

odelled via vorodes. The conhed vortex lineetachment schs to limit thewhile still med during the o increase thLLT methodta from the M

nt. The new veoth vertical ane to the publi

dy lifting line sim

odels in wind e

L., Erbslöh S., Boon of the lifting-mentum theory re; The Science of nference Series 5s, F.Grasso: ImElastic Simulationlivanoglou, C. Nrce tool for desiturbines, IJETAE

of a Wind TuECN-C—03-079

t of IEA Task 29easurements, ECNM., Fingersh Lhe NASA-AmesMeasurements, 2enewable Energy

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPost

y liftinbines

ment for the whe computatiwith rectang

rtex line elemnectivity betwes is tracked wheme. This alle number of

maintaining a hcalculation of

he computatiwas thoroug

MEXICO [6] ersion of QBlnd horizontalic under the o

mulation

energy aerodyna

oorsma K., Grass-line free vortex egarding the simu

Making Torque 555 (2014) mpact of Advan, TU Delft, ECNN. Nayeri und Cgn and simulatio

E, 3:264-269, Feb

urbine Aerodyna9, 2003. , Mexnext (PhaseN-E-12-004, 201.J.: NREL Unsts Wind Tunnel2001, NREL ReLaboratory, USA

rope 2015

many ter 7

ng

wake onal

gular ments ween with lows free high f the onal ghly and

lade, axis

open

mics;

so F., wake

ulated from

anced N C. O. on of

bruary

amics

e 1)”, 2 teady l : A eport:

A

53

K

Thiscaldesbas Thewithaeroattaof f Theperreplalgomatdimscalensopti In odevis a

REF

[1]

O

Keywords – A

is paper presenle wind turbinirably have sied multi-poin

e StrathAd codh low Reynolofoil shape paacks for the pafull scale wind

e Primary objformance andlicate the aerorithm have btching solutio

mensional aerole one, whichure the robuimisation.

order to use veloped for eaadded to the co

FERENCES

Martin S., DModelle, 5

Optim

Aerofoil, mul

nts the investine blades. Theimilar or even

nt aerofoil desi

de was develods number. Tharameterisatioarticular Reynd turbine blade

jective of a wd the structurrodynamic resbeen presentedon using thruofoils, which hh is called muustness and ad

the SrathAd ch operating pode and the pr

Day A.H. A M50th3AF Inte

misatioCha

#CDT for Wi

1chan

ltipoint genet

igation on suie developed pn better aerodign and uses g

oped in [1] anhe code uses m

on and XFOILnold number. Tes.

wind or tidal al strength arsponse of cord in the litera

ust coefficienthave same lift

ulti-point desigdaptability, s

code for full point, which irofiles develop

Multi-point Pernational Co

Aeroon for

andra Pun#1,

ind and Marin

ndra.pun@strath

ic algorithm,

itability of usiprofiles are codynamic perfogenetic algorit

nd can be usedmulti-point lif

L (a 2-dimensiThis paper ass

turbine bladere optimised. rresponding fuatures. Due tot by itself is t coefficient agn approach. earch based

scale wind tncorporates thped are assess

Performance Mnference on

ofoil DWindSteven Mart

ne Energy Sys

Glasgow, Uh.ac.uk, 2steven

, Xfoil, Strath

ABSTRAC

ing StrathAD ompared againormances. Thethm.

d to successfulft specific aeroional aerodynasesses the use

e design is toWhile doing

full scale modo the scaling d

not sufficienat different angBearing the lgenetic algor

turbine blade he both aerodysed against aca

Matched AeroApplied Aer

11th EAWE

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tin*2, David I

tem, Universi

U.K n.martin@strath

hAD, Reynold

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code to develnst the academe aerofoil prof

lly design the ofoil design apamic solver) tof the aforem

o define the ag so, the profdel. Various adifficulties of nt. This can bgle of attack alarge solution rithm is used

design, a suynamic perforademic examp

ofoil Design Arodynamics,

PhD Semina

n dal TuInfield

ty of Strathcly

h.ac.uk

ds Number, li

lop an optimismic examples file optimisati

aerofoils of mpproach with to assess lift c

mentioned appr

aerofoil profilfiles are develaerofoil designf wind turbinebe sorted outat the particulspace of mul

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Algorithm for 29 March-1A

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les such that loped in mod

gn optimisatioe rotor, the glt by re-designlar Reynolds nlti-point aerofgradient base

weighing objeimplified struc

a Scaled WinApril 2015,

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPost

es.

atio.

rofiles for theratures and sho

used is a sea

wind turbine rogenetic algorimultiple angl

gn aerofoil pro

the aerodynadel scale that on techniques obal performaning series onumber as thefoil design aned aerofoil sh

ective functioctural model. T

nd Turbine RToulose, Fra

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II. F

The free-formving an aerorate, the 2D mputed by a vver is employ

blade, from P are estimated on a 1D bemass and stiffntions by a 2ows for a deta

section and oterial. From quencies of thuctural elemenameters are adel [3], which

Free-f

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rgy Institute,

Blade desi, Cost of ener

n Rotors (LIRnergy yield ofgn methodoa 10 MW roto

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fy a variety oergy as low

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ON AND MOTIV

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mize the Cof the blade (mbers, as wellde [2].

ESIGN METHOD

manages theoptimization p

coefficients method. Thenmputation of

power curve actural descriptupled to a spaer are determiFinite-Eleme

ntation of theion sequence,it is possibleocal state of s the total blar in the overrives the optim

designL. Sartori#1,

ogie Aerospaz1luc

Universität Mü

eight rotor,

proposed as aurbines [1]. Hmployed for o evaluate if ation in the co

ATION

requires a mlution must aonstraints and

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traditional dewth of both faead to an incrter rotor. Hower rotor, the imy investigatedfigurations em

nergy optimiz-form methodoE by desi(chord, twist)l as a set of ai

DOLOGY

e blade desigproblem. At of the airfoiln, a classical the Cp-λ curvand eventualltion of the blaan-wise distribined at a numbnt method, w

e internal layo including thee to computstress/strain inde mass. All rall cost-of-emization proce

n of loA. Croce#, C

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ünchen, Boltzm

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ACKNOWLEDG

he present wWIND projec

REFERENCES Chaviaropoulostowards large(r)Vienna, AustriaBottasso, C.L., Crotor blades”, J.

PhD Semina

ductionso*#

, Via La Masa

5, 85748 Garc

III. APPLI

methodology lts show that d. However, thost of energy. blade mass, p

y capture. as observed thically-efficienFurthermore,

d when the ae blade.

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, P. K., Beursken) rotors – is tha

Croce, A., SartorPhys. Conf. Ser.

ar on Wind E23-25

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n rotor

a 34, 20156 M

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the best cairfoils are op

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ted LIRs andturbines. Thi

n of this resmore accurate

into the physithe current c ability to acc

of paramount pact of differe

ported in p

ns, H. J. M., Vouat a good idea?”

ri, L., Grasso, F.,, 2014; 524(1) 01

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPost

rs

Milano, Italy

chen, Germany

plied to a 10Mges when the optimum solularger radius, ers the advanta

g the CoE leadinstead of lost reductionptimized toge

ion strategies.

WORK

d their abilityis activity wilearch projectoptimization tical design dricost model shocount for the importance, a

ent choices of

art by the

utsinas, S.G., “Mo”, Proc. EWEA 2

“Free-form desi12041

rope 2015

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MW sole

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ages

ds to low-n is ether

y to ll be t by tool, ivers. ould cost as it f the

FP7

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Keywords – rved Blade.

w to increasethe turbine loand turbine techy of increasin

apes for windce the blade or loads that de cost can bo expected by

feasible alterncurved blade

own in Figure odynamic calM (Blade Ele

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De Breuker, R., Equal Fidelity Anar on Wind Ene

ar on Wind E23-25

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Using

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nd calculatevortex is det

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measurements esults are aget more ac

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at the curved her studies wietric curvatureand sensitivity

Blade Geometr

EDGEMENTS

y acknowledp Council.

ERENCES Bussel, G. J. WCharacteristics

ar on Wind Energ

van Bussel, G. Aeroelastic Analyergy in Europe, O

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

Liftin

S Delft, The

ed by the lawtermined, theski theorem.

ped to investiades. The codfor the MEX

achieved, furcurate results

e is carried ou and tangen

lues of a strablade has a g

ill focused one of the blade, y to the unste

ry

ge the finan

W., “Increased Oof Flexible Bla

gy in Europe, Orl

J. W., “Aerodynysis”, Proceeding

Orleans, France, 2

rope 2015

many er 10

ng

w of e lift

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Order ades”, leans,

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56

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 11

Ice Accretion Prediction on the Wind Turbine Blades under Atmospheric Icing Conditions

O. Yirtici1, S. Ozgen1, I. H. Tuncer1

1Middle East Technical University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, oyirtici@ae.metu.edu.tr , sozgen@ae.metu.edu.tr , tuncer@ae.metu.edu.tr

Keywords – CFD, BEM, Atmospheric Icing, Ice Accretion Prediction

ABSTRACT

Ice accretion on the blades change the initial shape and this cause alteration in the aerodynamic characteristic of the blades. The objective is to predict the shapes of the iced blade section of the turbine blade under atmospheric icing conditions. The Blade Element Momentum method will be employed together with an ice accretion prediction model in order to estimate the energy production of wind turbines both for iced and clean blades. It is observed that amount of accreted ice increases when the relative velocity increases or when local chord length decreases along the span-wise of the turbine blade.

INTRODUCTION

In winters, the wind turbines are exposed to heavy atmospheric icing conditions. Atmospherics icing causes power losses since ice accretion on blades changing the clean blade aerodynamic characteristics and creates instrument or controller errors on wind turbines. The amount of wind power losses depend on the amount of ice accumulation on the blades, blade design and turbine control. In addition, the ice accumulation on blades reduces the torque.

Ice accretion prediction involves complex physics comprising aerodynamics, heat transfer and multiphase flow, which are all time dependent and involve geometric deformation. The numerical method employed in this study predicts the ice accretion on aerodynamic surfaces as a result of water droplets hitting on the surface iteratively. It employs the general methodology for the simulation of ice accretion on airfoils, which is based on the successive calculation of air flow, water droplet trajectories, collection efficiency, heat transfer balance and accreted ice.

Preliminary ResultsIce prediction code was used to predict 2D ice profile

shapes on the blade at three different span-wise locations for the Aeolos-H 30kW wind turbine. Operating conditions shown in table 1.

Table 1. Parameters used to define icing profiles

Predicted ice shapes for span-wise r/R = 0.15, 0.7 and 0.95 can be seen in Figure 1. The shape grows with increasing span due to the increasing sectional velocity and decreasing sectional chord length. Results show that the change caused by ice accretion degraded the aerodynamic performance of the blade, especially near the tip section.

Figure 1. Predicted ice profiles at three span-wise locations for conditions in Table 1.

CONCLUSION

Obtained preliminary results are analyzed and commented. It is seen that predicted ice shape grows with increasing span due to the increasing sectional velocity and decreasing sectional chord length. Results show that the change caused by ice accretion degraded the aerodynamic performance of the blade. In the full paper key results and conclusions will be presented.

57

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 12

Comparison of different rotating modellingtechniques for 3D wind turbine rotor simulation

Ye Zhang#1, Alexander van Zuijlen, Gerard van Bussel #Aerodynamics,Wind Energy and Flight Performance and Propulsion, Delft University of Technology

Kluyverweg 1, 2629HS Delft, The Netherlands1ye.zhang@tudelft.nl

Keywords – Wind turbine simulation, OpenFOAM,MEXICO rotor, Multiple Reference Frame (MRF), SlidingMesh (SM)

I. INTRODUCTION

The increasing computer power over recent years enablescomputational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique to perform highfidelity full 3D simulation for wind turbine. By numericallyperforming a three-dimensional simulation on a wind turbine ,more flow physics in the vicinity of wind turbine blade can beinvestigated, such as 3D flow phenomena, laminar toturbulence transition[1], blade/tower interaction. To model therotating flow induced by the wind turbine rotor in CFD,several methodologies are available. One relatively simple androbust method is Moving Reference Frame (MRF), which isalso known as “frozen rotor” simulation. The rotating effect ofthe rotor is achieved by adding Coriolis and centripetal forcesto the momentum equations in MRF zone. The MRF methodassumes a weak interaction between the rotating andstationary part. The other method is Sliding Mesh (SM), usinga sliding interface technique to solve the unsteady stronginteraction between the rotating and stationary part. Theunsteadiness and interaction between rotor and stator can beresolved and therefore this method has a better accuracy. Inpractise, MRF approach is a commonly used approach in 3Dwind turbine rotor simulation under axial flow condition witha steady-state solver for saving the computational time if thetower is not modelled in the simulation.

However, it is still not clear and debatable whether MRFapproach performs well, especially in the conditions of highrotational speed and high wind speed. Therefore, it is essentialand meaningful to determine the relative difference betweentwo approaches for predicting wind turbine rotoraerodynamics. In this paper, both MRF and SM methods areevaluated by predicting the aerodynamics of a small scalehorizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with different tip speedratios in terms of computational accuracy and physical reality.The numerical results obtained from both modellingtechniques will be validated with the available experimentaldata, including the overall performance thrust and torque,detailed normal and tangential force distribution along theblade. Apart from that, the computed velocity deficit in thenear wake will also be compared.

II. NUMERICAL METHODOLOGY

The computation solves the finite volume-basedincompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)equations. The open source code: OpenFOAM-2.2.1 is

employed in the present study. The k- SST turbulence modelɷis used to close the equation system. The convection terms arediscretised by a second-order accuracy numerical schemes. Inorder to eliminate the tower influence, only isolated windturbine rotor is modelled in all simulations.

Fig. 1 Axial velocity distribution with MRF approach

Fig. 2 Axial velocity comparison with experiment with MRF approach

III. REFERENCES

[1] Langtry, R. B., Janusz Gola, and F. R. Menter. "Predicting 2D airfoiland 3D wind turbine rotor performance using a transition model forgeneral CFD codes." AIAA paper 395 (2006): 2006.

58

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ACKNOWLEDG

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HPC.

REFERENCES

] N. KroNumerical Springer V540-24383

] J. Benek"Chimera: Ames Rese

] I. B. CeColeman uand reportCFD applTransaction

] A. FiscHufnagel Numerical for Wind TWind EnerBremen, G

PhD Semina

of an acylindiversity of Stu

many

V. CONCLUSI

d an airfoil plwithout bar w

e suitability leviation syste

er without beading to sepaonditions sho

load alleviatthe middle o

cantly, leading

EMENTS

vestigations wt. The author

Foundation (es from TU Dlts. The simulaal resource bience, Resea

d the Universermany, with

oll und J. FFlow Simu

Verlag Berlin/-6, 1966.

k, J. Steger, A Grid-Em

earch Center,

elik, U. Ghia, und P. E. Raing of uncertlications", Jons of the ASM

her, T. Lutzund C. T

Generation oTurbine Airfoirgy Conferenc

Germany, conf

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

airfoil der uttgart

ION / RESULTS

laced in the wwas investigat

of the AoAems in the winbar the AoAaration at the aould not betions systemsof the slot, theg to suitable in

were performedrs gratefully (DFG) for fu

Darmstadt forations have bebwUniClusterarch and thsities of the hin the fram

Fassbender, "ulation for A/Heidelber/Ne

F. Doughertymbedding Tec

1986.

P. J. Roacheaad, "Procedutainty due to

ournal of fluME 130.7 (200

z, E. KrämerTropea, "Exof Turbulent Iils", accepted ce DEWEK, 1ference procee

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

S

wake of the sloted numericallA fluctuationsnd tunnel.

A variations airfoil. Therefe used for . However, ae variations conflow conditio

d within the Dacknowledge

unding the stur the supply ween carried our funded by he Arts Bad

State of Badmework prog

"MEGAFLOWAircraft DesiewYork, ISBN

y und P. Bunchnique", NA

, C. J. Freitasure for estima discretization

uids Engineer08).

r, U. Cordes,xperimental Inflow Conditfor: 12th Ger

19./20. May 2edings, 2015.

rope 2015

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his study aimsnjection fromd turbine on tnstream at the

REFERENCES Adaramola Meffects on wi86. doi:10.10

Toloui M, Chbehind a 2.5M2015;143:10

Anik E, Abdcontrol of theperformance 2014;524:01

Abdulrahim Wake Flow FInjection n.d

PhD Semina

f Tip Ing Win

versity (MET

WIND)

I. EXPERIMEN

ts are performeter of 1.7 m.as well as a 4

ffusion angle.led in the straielocity can reity is about 2ar horizontal a

m will be hub and rot

surized air ining. The turb

he exit of open

wo model hoxit of open jet

III. CONC

s to experimenblades of an uhe performan exit of an ope

MS, Krogstad PÅind turbine perfor016/j.renene.2011

hamorro LP, HonMW wind turbine5–12. doi:10.101

ulrahim a, Ostovae tip vortex: an excharacteristics of2098. doi:10.108

A, An E, Uzol OField of a Model W.:1–10.

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

Injectind Tu

TU), Ankara

NTAL FACILITY

med in an opem. The wind tu

4.3 meter long. There are twight section jureach about 12.5% at the axis wind turbutilized in e

tor are designjection from bines will ben jet tunnel as

orizontal axit wind tunnel.

CLUSION

ntally investigupstream modnce of a similen jet wind tu

Å. Experimental inrmance. Renew E1.01.024.

ng J. Detection ofe. J Wind Eng Ind6/j.jweia.2015.05

van Y, Mercan B, xperimental invesf a model turbine

88/1742-6596/524

. Experimental InWind Turbine Ro

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ion onurbines

, Turkey

Y

en jet wind tuunnel has a 1.g circular diffo screens and

ust before the 12.5 m/s and exit of the wbines with a rexperiments. gned to have

blades tip we positioned s shown in Fig

s wind turb.

gate the effectdel horizontal lar turbine pla

unnel.

nvestigation of waEnergy 2011;36:2

f tip-vortex signatd Aerodyn 5.001.

Uzol O. Active stigation on the e. J Phys Conf Ser4/1/012098.

nvestigation of thotor with Tip

rope 2015

many er 14

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unnel .2 m fuser d one exit.

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In recent yearonomical renew introduced itential problem. may occur du

In this paper tdes wind turb

ve been compld Technologasurements hamarola et al order to predicFig. 1 (left) sht section of theused to simula

Fig. 1 Model mouRotating dowind tunne

The main goeraction (FSI)ing on the b

ms to accuratelng to later i

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The geometricdel with towee into accounnel entrance

dy and

N1

Wind Turbinage, transien

rs, wind energewable energyin cold areas fms such as craue to icing.

I. PROBLE

the numericalbine model isleted at the N

gy (NTNU) have been p[1]. They all

ct the loads achows photograe wind tunnelate icing.

unted in the wind omain around theel (right)

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N. Tabataba

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tunnel (left) e blades, inside th

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METHODS

mport the comand has the sof wind turbinave been con

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, M.J. Ce

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University of T* narg

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of an upwind Wind tunnel

niversity of Scturbine. Diff

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3D AnTurbinervantes

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nd Technology

meters (1m) upectively. A muvated during onary (wind tuFig. 1 (right)el inlet, similifferent mesh

quality strucerent configurwall function o y+<1.

merical simulater. Both steaducted. For theng interface hke into accounains is also pselected for

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function wasvergence criter

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he performancrotor is prediidered to simthe stationaryration and thrent methodsimportance orimental datahe aim of th

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ormance is goi

REFERENCES Krogstad, P-A,performance anRenewable Ener

PhD Semina

s of a

-O Aidanpää

y of Technolog

Sweden

y, Norway

pstream and dultiple frame o

the simulatunnel) and ro. The uniformarly to the ex

hing software ctured hexaherations of the bor complete re

tions are perfady state ande steady state ahave been connt the variatioerformed. Higthe spatial discheme for tShear stress t activated to ria was set tonumerical res

of the test tts as the repfferent tip spe

III. CONC

ce of the modicted through

mulate the rotay flow insidehe thrust forc

assuming steof transient ef

available. his project haind turbine, win order to mo

he blade bodieing on.

, Adaramola, Mnd wake develorgy, 50(2013), 32

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

Mode

ä1

gy

downstream oof reference (tion for accotating (wind m inlet flow xperiments.

have been thedral grid foboundary layeresolution of th

formed using nd transient s

analysis, froznsidered. Traons of relativegh resolution iscretization athe temporal transport modmodel the tur

o root-mean-ssults are comtunnel availabpresentatives

eed ratios

CLUSION

del turbine andh a numericaating domain e the wind tuce are calculeady and tranffects is evalu

as been to lwhich can accumodel icing in tes and its effe

M., “Blind test opment for a m25-333

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

el Win

of the rotor pl(MFR) model commodatingturbine) domais applied at

ested to geneor this geomeer are investighe boundary l

Ansys CFX simulations wen rotor and s

ansient simulae positions of advection schand second odiscretization

del with automrbulent flow. quared value mpared with ble, regarding

of the mac

d wake formedal study. MFR

around the bunnel. The polated through nsient simulatuated against

launch a reliurately predictthe next step. cts on the turb

calculations ofmodel wind turb

rope 2015

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61

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 16

Improving wind climate estimation using one-way coupled meso- to microscale models Bjarke Tobias Olsen1, Jake Badger, Andrea Hahmann, Dalibor Cavar, Jakob Mann

#Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark 1btol@dtu.dk

Key words: Wind Climate, Resource assessment, Meso-

to microscale coupling, WRF, RANS

I. INTRODUCTION

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, commonly referred to as “Mesoscale” models, are typically run with a horizontal resolution of 1-5 km. This means that they are unable to accurately capture small-scale effects of orography and surface roughness variation, which means that wind climate estimations using mesoscale models only can have large errors in undulating terrain, near coastlines and around forested sites. Stability effects can enhance these errors.

During the first part of this study an analysis of mesoscale models are undertaken. In the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) Benchmarking Exercise output from more than 20 different mesoscale models is analysed. In figure 1 the bias of the average wind speed at several heights for 20 different mesoscale models are shown at the two sites Høvsøre and Cabauw for the year 2011. While the mesoscale models generally do well for these relatively uncomplicated sites, they still show errors of the average wind speed of 10% in many cases.

To achieve more accurate estimations of the local wind climate in these areas it is necessary to use downscaling techniques that are able to take into account the small scale effects as well. A common technique to achieve this is to couple a mesoscale model with a microscale model. In Badger et al. (2014)1 the output from a mesoscale model is used to generate wind speed frequency distributions for a number of wind direction sectors and these are then used to create input for the linearized flow model the Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (www.WAsP.dk). While the approach in Badger et al. (2014) is based on a statistical-dynamical coupling technique, several attempts of dynamical coupling of meso and microscale models have been made (see Castro et al., 20142, Zajaczkowski et al., 20113)

During this study several statistical-dynamical and dynamical coupling methods will be compared for wind climate estimation in complex terrain. These will include statistical coupling of mesoscale output data to linearized flow models and RANS microscale models, as well as fully dynamical coupling of WRF and URANS microscale models.

Results of the EWEA mesoscale benchmarking exercise as well as initial results of ongoing meso- to microscale downscaling experiments will be shown.

REFERENCES [1] Badger J., Frank H., Hahmann A. N., Giebel, G. ”Wind-Climate

Estimation Based on Mesoscale and Microscale Modeling: Statistical–Dynamical Downscaling for Wind Energy Applications”, 2014

[2] Castro F., Silva Santos C., Lopes da Costa J. ”One-way mesoscale-microscale coupling for the simulation of atmospheric flows over complex terrain”, 2014

[3] Zajaczkowski F., Haupt S., Schmehl K., ”A preliminary study of assimilating numerical weather prediction data into computational fluid dynamics models for wind prediction”, 2011

Figure 1. Bias of the average windspeed for 20 different mesoscale (red), the average (blue) and the best model (green)

models for several heights at the coastal mast at Høvsøre, Denmark and the onshore mast at Cabauw, The Netherlands

62

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Helicopter prUNIV. OF TÜBI

Energy in EurSeptember 2

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ACKNOWLEDG

his project isd Energy (R

nowledged.

REFERENCE

[1] Kerschen Gfor Dynamical Systems: An Ov

PhD Semina

O SCALE OPER OR

Ismail H. Tu

chnical Univer

onautical Asso

vectors corresused for the the approxim

or the reconstrwhich are a

increases, areases. he preliminaryhat the reconst

with the oare approximmodes. In ad

er words 3 higtaken from to

elow approxi0 m.) than 175

b) z=20

erences between P

nuscript, 3D at various w

on matrix. Thg the POD mo

field. The accuassessed as a modes employ

EMENTS

s partially supRUZGEM) a

S G., The Method Characterization

verview, 2005

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

RTHOGO

uncer#4

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sponding to threconstruction

mation dependruction. As thealso knows asand the ac

y study are shstructed flow foriginal CFDmated by 30

addition, for tghest cuts, areop of the domimations are 50 m.

050 m

POD and CFD so

atmospheric wind directionhe 3D flow fiodes and the wuracy of the rfunction of thyed.

upported by Mand this sup

of Proper Orthoand Order Red

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

NAL

he eigenvaluesn of the data ds on how me number of Ps the rank ofccuracy of

own in the Figfield by POD D solution. 0 dominant Pthe reconstruc used. Becaus

main to the botmore accurat

c) z=2150 m

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flow fields ons will be useields will thenwind data a sieconstructed fhe number of

METU Centrepport is gre

ogonal Decomposuction of Mecha

rope 2015

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s are sets.

many POD f the

the

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64

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Wsuffturbrotafinehighbe met

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hybrid RANS-which is mod

estigalows uving tumadi#1, B. Sto

of physics, Ca

länder Heerstr1 ghazaleh.

titute for wind

ayer, TurbulES coupling

dary layer (ABand wind eenvironment

mal conditionsaracteristics i

w structures. Tthe wind tug capacity o

een flow struc

nated by the sun wind with hflow that proe eddy structurin the presenc

MODELING

he recognitioninate mixing,

g interest, whihow they affen eddy resoass filtering tales of the sol

s (RANS) meulate instantanflow patterns

face, and suffry expensive i

wall, which hahybrid RANS

LES couplingdeled in the R

ation ausing aurbuleoevesandt*2,

Carl von Ossiet

raße 136- 261ahmadi@uni-o

d energy and E

lence,

BL) is energy t, e.g. s, the in the These urbine of the ctures

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I supp

Refe[1]

[2]

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11th EAWE

and vaa stocence mChi-Yao Ch

tzky Universit

129 Oldenburgoldenburg.de

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me, by applyinring strategirmines the mcharacteristic

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ACKNOWLEDG

like to acknowort of the Frau

rences J. Vilà-Guerau Stratum, K. vanAir Chemistry Press, United St

P. Sagaut, “LargSpringer, ISBN-

S. Heinz, “UnifPDF simulation(2007), 99–118.

S. B. Pope, “TISBN- 9780521

Urban Svenssonmodel for canopAerodynamics, 3

PhD Semina

lidatiohastic

model hang*3, J. Pein

tät Oldenburg

g, Germany

m Technology

ng a certain files, detachedodeled turbul

cs and numericS-LES model (PDF) of turbch switches bcales. This is n the atmos

work.

II. APP

e eddy resolviion between n be more reae surface effecrtant issue in tpplication of ndled as porontensity brake

EMENTS

wledge the finunhofer Institu

de Arellano, C den Dries, “Atmand Land Interaates of America.

ge Eddy Simulat-13 978-3-540-26

fied turbulence ms“, Theoretical an

Turbulent Flows“598866.

n and Kenneth Hpy flows“, Journa35 (1990), 201 –

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

on of wc based

nke#4

g

(IWES)

ltering criteriod eddy simlent portion dcal scales. Hewhich couple

bulent velocitbetween the a starting po

spheric boun

PLICATIONS

ing method, twind turbin

alistic discussect of the vegetthe onshore weddy resolvin

ous media whes the air flow

nancial, acadeute (IWES).

C.C. van Heerwamospheric Boundactions“, 2015, C

tion for Incompr6344-9

models for LES and Computationa

“, 2000, Cambrid

H ̈ggkvist. “A twal of Wind Engin211.

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

wind d eddy

on. Among allmulation (Ddepending oneinz[3] develoes the probabties [4] intomodeled and

oint resolvingndary layer f

the buoyant efne and stratied and understtation like for

wind analysis,ng method. Wich depending

wing through i

emic and techn

aarden, B. J. H.ary Layer: Integr

Cambridge Unive

ressible Flows“, 2

and RANS, FDFal Fluid Dynamic

dge University P

o-equation turbuneering and Indu

rope 2015

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l the DES) n the oped bility o the d the g the flow

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2006,

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With a typicalnd farms areundary layer. iciency and remportant to a

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periments inve, a new experar flow on w

nd tunnel labo

custom-made, nd tunnel testh a power law10.0%. The por diameter Destigated. The

a test case withFurthermore, tdel turbine is, 9D) using hw on the wakd to a referenc

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For the purpeduce unsteadyaccurately predndary layer anp on a serieestigating winrimental study

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between 60m ammersed intopose of optimy loading of thdict the interand the wind tus of model

nd turbine waky focussing oiciency has beNU’s EPT dep

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11th EAWE

w on ts of a m

*, Lars Sætra

nology, Kolbjø

rtl@ntnu.no

he study revewith increasi

and 5D downctures caused b

ig. 2: Non-dimkinetic en

comparison osed to shear f

shows slight n a two-turbinnstream turbids with increa

could be obd ratio of bficient only ier productioneptible to devi

comparison ne setup in

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ACKNOWLEDG

irstly, the autWITECH. SecBerlin, which

REFERENCES F. Pierella , P-Åin-line model wvarious rotationa P-Å. Krogstad, of the performaoffset model win R. Wagner et measurement –Phys.: Conf. Ser

z/R

imensional mean velocity U/Uref

a

−1 0

.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

PhD Semina

the pemodeln1

ørn Hejes Vei 2

eals significaing downstreanstream is clby the tip vort

mensionalized menergy k/Uref

2 in the

of the near-flow to the samdifferences in

ne setup the oine is trendinasing turbine s

III. CONC

served that vboth turbinesinsignificantlyn of this miations from th

to the perfuniform in

considerable ene, whereas thne performanc

EMENTS

thors would condly, a coomade this stud

Å. Krogstad, L. Sæwind turbines whe

al speeds” Renew

L. Sætran, M.S. ance and wake nd turbines”, Jour

al, “Rotor equicomparative ex

r. 524 012108, 20

f at 5D downstream, shear inflow

1 2

0.9 1 1.1

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

erforml turbi

2, 7491 Trond

ant re-energizam distance. Tlearly dominatices as shown

ean velocity Um

e wake 5D down

-wake flow bme turbine ex

n the vertical woptimal tip sing towards separation dist

CLUSIONS

variations fros influence y. This impli

model test cahe optimum roformance chanflow revealseffect on the he effect of wce is rather ins

like to thankoperation betwdy possible, is

ætran “Blind test ere the downstreawable Energy, 70,

Adaramola, “Bldevelopment be

urnal of Fluids and

ivalent wind spexercise for IEA 014

low

y/R

Turbulent kinetik ene

−2 −1

−1.5

−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0.005 0.01

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

mance ne

dheim, Norwa

zing of the wThe near-wakated by turbun in Fig.2.

mean/Uref and turbstream of turbine

behind a turxposed to unifwake expansiopeed ratio ofhigher rotatitance.

m the designthe total po

ies that the tase is not votational speearacteristics os that the iperformance

wind shear onsignificant.

k the supporween NTNU s acknowledge

2 calculations foam turbine opera, 2014

ind test 3 calculahind two in-lined Structures, 52, 2

eed for power cWind Annex 32

z/R

nergy k/Uref2 at 5D downstream, s

0 1

1 0.015 0.02 0.025

rope 2015

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ay

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or two tes at

ations e and 2015

curve 2”, J.

, shear inflow

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0.03

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orddowthe as, affeawawak

Tleveone

TUnilabo[m2

(D≈are

Whot turbcon5D (TI=ovehighmeainle

TbacfrommomMeexpconbetwit is

Keywords – bulence, wak

In the presentder to descrwnstream stat

wake physicin a wind fa

ect downstreaareness of theke become essThe study is el from the wie (high).

I.

The experimeiversity of Scoratories. The2] and it is 1≈0.9 [m]) is usdescribed in [

Wakes are mewire anemom

bulence intennfigurations: a

and 9D), b=0.5%) and in

er the rotor plh backgroundans of a reguet.

% ∗

The wake deckground turbum the rotormentum is fanwhile, the

pansion of thnstant velocityween the waks more gradua

Wafor

Wind turbinke developme

t work a turbiribe the wations and to is. The importarm, wakes iam turbine pe aerodynamisential. performed v

ind tunnel cas

MEASUREME

ntal analysis cience and Tee wind tunnel 11.14 [m] lonsed for the inv[1].

easured at the meter. Relativnsity (TI %, at different diboth in a lown a high backglane) with thed turbulence lular meshed g

100

II. R

evelopment isulence level (

r plane, the fed into the e momentum he wake. Its y profile, bu

ke and the freeal according to

ake devr differ

Clio Cec#Depar

ne, wind tunent.

ine wake studake developmimprove the utance of the winteract each performances. ic properties o

varying the tuse (low) to a s

ENTS DESCRIPT

is carried outchnology (NThas a cross seng [1]. A mvestigation an

hub height of ve flow velociEq. 2) are anistances behinw backgroundground turbul

e turbine runnlevel is creategrid installed

RESULTS

s shown in (TI=0.5%). M

velocity dewake through

feeding prolimits are w

ut at 3D thee stream is ab

o the physical

velopmrent flccotti#, Andr

rtment of Ene

74911j

nel, wind en

dy is carried oment at diffunderstandingwake analysisother and diIn this cont

of a single tu

urbulence intesimilar-atmosp

TION

t at the NorwTNU) aerodynection of (2.7 x

model wind tud its character

f the turbine usty (Urel, Eq. 1nalysed in se

nd the turbined turbulence ence level (TIing at TSR=6

ed in the tunnat the test se

(1)

(2)

Fig. 1 for aMoving downs

eficit recoverh the shear oduces the well defined e transition rbrupt, while fophenomena.

ment blow inrea Spiga#, Ja

ergy and Proce

1 Trondheim, an.bartl@ntnu.

nergy,

out in fferent g into s rises irectly text a urbine

ensity pheric

wegian namic x 1.8) urbine ristics

sing a 1) and everal e (3D,

level I = 10% 6. The nel by ection

a low stream rs as layer. radial by a

region for 9D

Thprese

Fig

Th

(TI=similboth defichomodown

Asbette

Wrecovon ththe vconsfrom

Tha key

A

Thcoop

R[1]

[2]

11th EAWE

behindnlet tur

an Bartl#1, L

ess Engineerin

Norway no

he turbulencence and allow

g. 1 Horizontalbackground t

he same analy10%). Resultlarities with athe wake vel

cit shows aogeneous tunstream distans a conseque

er matching th

Wake measurevery and the rhe flow turbuvelocity recovequence, high

m near to far whe turbulence y-feature in th

ACKNOWLEDG

he authors peration.

REFERENCES Per-Åge Krogstaperformance anRenewable EnerL.J. Vermeer, aerodynamics. P

PhD Semina

d a turrbulenars Sætran#

ng, NTNU

e intensity ws to focus on

velocity profilturbulence level.

ysis are perfots of the waa real case (atlocity and thean earlier G

urbulence intnces. nce, the neare reality [2].

III. CONC

ements revearadial expansilence. The hivery and the

h turbulence flake. intensity backe wake develo

EMENTS

would like

ad and Pål Egil End wake develorgy, 50(0):325–33J.N. Sørensen, a

Progress in Aerosp

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

rbine nce.

analysis revn the near-far w

les at 3D, 5D,Turbine TSR=6.

ormed with aake developmtmospheric in

e turbulence inGaussian shtensity level

r-far wake tra

CLUSION

al that the ion of the waigher the turbe bigger the flows allow an

kground levelopment analys

to thank N

Eriksen. "Blind teopment for a m33, February 201and A. Crespo.

space Sciences, 39

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

veals tip vowake transitio

, 9D distance.

a turbulent infment show mnflow) concernntensity. Velohape and ml at the s

ansition regio

velocity deake are depenbulence, the fa

expansion. An earlier transi

l is revealed tsis.

NOWITECH

est" calculations omodel wind tur3. Wind turbine

9:467 – 510, 200

rope 2015

many er 21

ortex on.

Low

flow more ning ocity more same

on is

eficit ndent aster As a ition

o be

for

of the rbine.

wake 3.

67

KeyPer

Wenvintemutovemorincrwillstre

Aproforewinby Wespeandflow

Pdiffdeliintefarm

Tpredintefarm

Thifrom

[1]

[2]

[3]

ywords: Winrformance pr

Wind turbinevironments reeractions of atual influenc

erall performare significantrease. The winl acquire addi

eam turbine. Adaptive virtuposed to be ecasting Figund flow over tusing historic

eather generated. The wind

d turbulence iw more delicaPredicting theferent positionivers reliableensive optimim are requiredThe developedicts the averended to be vam in Jeju, Kor

ACKNOWLED

is study was sum BMC, Sout

REFERENCES

Richardson, Ctemperature, aDOI:10.1029/WAnalysis of thJeju Gasiri WiSiemens D3 turbines: Redu

Win

2Al

nd turbine, rediction, Opt

AB

s in a wind-egardless of atmospheric fle of wind tance of the wt as the scalend flow passinitional disturb

ual optimizatdone by we

ure1, [1]. Thethe wind-farmcal daily data tor results mad flow charactintensity can

ately. e total powerns and opera

e results thanzations of w

d. ed model tharage wind spalidated with drea [2].

DGEMENTS

upported by Bth Korea.

S C.W., 1981. Stochand solar radiatiWR017i001p001

he1.5MW Wind Pind-Farm, Jeong-platform – 3.0-

uced complexity,

nd-farm p

wi

Youjin 1Institutes o

lKwarizmi Co

3Institu

*

Wind-farm,timization.

BSTRACT

-farm operatethe weather

low with winturbines themwind-farm. Te and numbeng through thebances that ca

tion of wind-eather predice atmospheri

ms is suggestedand stochasti

aximum, averateristics from be combined

r extracted byating conditionn a single wiind turbines

at is based peed and turbdata measured

Busan-Brain 2

hastic Simulationion. Water Reso82

Power Turbine GeHwan Boo, Jeju N-MW and 3.2-Mincreased profita

performan

th a uniq

Kim1,*, Ali

of Fluid Mech

ollege of Engi

utes of Fluid M

youjin.kim@f

, Wake ana

e under stochr conditions.

nd turbines anmselves affecThis effect wer of wind tue up-stream tuan affect the d

farms operatictor using wec characteristd to be represic models, Figage values of

weather gened to express

y wind turbinns in a windind turbine.placed in a w

on wake anbulence intensd from Gasiri w

1 (BB21) proj

n of daily precipour. Res. 17, 18

eneration OutputNational Univers

MW direct driveability.

nce predi

que weath

Al-Abadi1,2,

hanics, FAU B

ineering, Univ

Mechanics, FA

fau.de, **ali.al

alysis,

hastic The

nd the ct the

will be urbine urbine down-

ion is eather tic of sented gure2. f wind erator wind

nes in d-farm Thus, wind-

nalysis sity is wind-

ject

pitation, 82-190.

ut of the sity e wind

Fig. 2

11th EAWE

ction and

er predic

,**, Antonio

Busan Campu

versity of Bagh

AU Erlangen,

l-abadi@fau.d

Fig. 1: W

2: Examples of Gasiri Wind-F

PhD Semina

d optimiza

tor

Delgado1,3

s, South Kore

hdad, Baghda

Germany

de

Weather predicto

f wind power exarm using Rayl

Optiof w

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

ation

ea

ad, Iraq

or concept and e

xerted on Siemeleigh density fu

imization wind-farms

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

example [1]

ens Wind turbinunction [2] [3].

rope 2015

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ne in

68

K T

ObestatstudHorbecdefiobjmoduncprewak

TTo spaas iandandThe(treaccalso

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Keywords – W

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me process neges, and for ehave the stationd direction an

certainS

Juan P

Ris

Wind farm flo

rticle is basedand proposes models. The n the SCADADONG/Vattenne of the winnsen et al. [2troducing a mcy of stationarsturbed flow

article is app O. Jensen’s a

I. AP

framework foretailed input ued undisturbedes. The spatiaion are considuction of the

ariation insidewind speed a

stribution of

gate uncertaintate each indivcompare thembution. Additibe studied as wind speed fata. Monte C

wer productionnner. m model valited in Kennedion of the wakinput variable

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ion of powedirection are s in the same rmputed as a feeds to be repeach of the wonary wake mnd wind speed

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PPROACH

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38520021140)

REFERENCES Roy, C. J. anframework for vin scientific comEngineering, 20Hansen, K. S., B“The impact of tdeficits due to w(November 201Kennedy, M. Ccomputer mode(Statistical Meth

PhD Semina

on PreModel

#, Jhon D. Sø

y of Denmark

Roskilde, Den

University

of power alongas a function of s

uded that simpr production vted wind powe non-stationaal and temporon and wind smporal and spion in power pf model predicboth wind spe

EMENTS

supported by gy R&D Progogy Evaluatio

resource frEnergy, Re.

nd Oberkampf, verification, valid

mputing”. Comput0(25-28):2131–2

Barthelmie, R. J., turbulence intenswind turbine wak1):183–196.

C. and O’Hagan,ls”. Journal of th

hodology), 63(3):4

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

dictiols ørensen#*

k

nmark

g the row 7 (T17spatial averaged

ple stationary variation of inwer plant layary phenomenral variation ospeed. On the patial variatioproduction. Fction error (meed and wind

the Internatiogram of the Kon and Plarom the Minepublic of

W. L. (2011)dation, and uncer

uter Methods in Ap2144.

Jensen, L. E., ansity and atmosphekes at Horns Rev

, A. (2001). “Bathe Royal Statisti425–464.

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ons of

7, T37, T67, T9wind direction.

wake modelsndividual turbyouts. In ordena it is requireof the undistur

other hand, wns can be use

From these resmodel inadequd direction can

onal CollaboraKorea Institutnning (KETEnistry of Tr

Korea. (

. “A compreher- tainty quantificpplied Mechanics

nd Sommer, A. (2eric stability on pv wind farm”. Po

ayesian calibratioical Society: Ser

rope 2015

many er 23

97) in

s can bines er to ed to rbed wind ed to sults

uacy) n be

ative te of EP), rade, (No.

ensive cation s and

2012). power ower,

on of ries B

69

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe

23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany

Poster 24

Empirical analysis of wake effects in an operating wind farm

Nymfa Noppe#*1, Wout Weijtjens#*, Christof Devriendt#* #Acoustics and Vibrations Research Group (AVRG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Pleinlaan 2, B1050 Brussels, Belgium 1nymfa.noppe@vub.ac.be

*Offshore Wind Infrastructure lab (OWI-lab)

Keywords – Wake effects, empirical, wind farm

Wake effects do not only affect the power production of wind turbines, but have also an important influence on, among others, the fatigue life consumption of wind turbines [1]. Therefore it is important to gain insight into the wake flows through a wind farm, not only by simulations but also by developing empirical models based on data of an operational windfarm. This contribution will summarise a first analysis regarding wake effects observed at the Northwind offshore windfarm outside the Belgian Coast.

A first step towards better understanding of the wake effects within a wind farm is taken by analysing a subset of the turbine SCADA for the full farm. This analysis will show

how parameters like averaged windspeed, power production and turbulence intensity vary within a wind farm, dependent of the wind direction. We will also show the variation in power production for a row of turbines standing in the wake of each other, for several ranges of windspeed.

Further analysis of wake effects will lead to a better understanding of the behavior of several parameters, e.g. power production. Eventually, this analysis will allow to develop an empirical model for the wake effects within a windfarm and compare different lay-outs of windfarms to each other.

REFERENCES

[1] Wout Weijtjens, Alexandros Iliopoulos, Jan Helsen, Christof Devriendt, “Monitoring the consumed fatigue life of wind turbines on monopile foundations”, EWEA Offshore 2015 Copenhagen

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REFERENCES Fleming, Paul Awakes using SOChurchfield, Mhttp://wind. nrelJonkman, B. J.renewable ener

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rbine wscales

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85748 Garch

, Via La Masa

realistic operaon of wake d1 Wakes at

wo IPC phaseexpected basn, wake deflerce resultant,amic effects.

D downstream dIPC phas

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he wake centake displacemake redirectiomputing the avdownstream

ensitive to impion, and further to the down

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ribed the firstf wind turbina continuatio

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A., et al. "EvaluaWFA", Renewab., and S. Lee. "N. gov/designcode., and M. L. J. rgy laboratory

ar on Wind E23-25

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t steps of a prone wakes for won of this to address simscaled wind t

nnel.

ating techniques fble Energy 70 (20NWTC design coes/simulator s/SO. Buhl. FAST u(NREL), Golde

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

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Milano, Italy

ons, was usedand rotor loadam distances particular, it mple principl

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for redirecting tu014): 211-218. odes-SOWFA." UWFA (2012).

user’s guide. naten. CO, Tech.

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71

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 26

Combined power output of an array two turbines in-line

Piotr Wiklak1*, Szymon Łuczyński 2, Jan Bartl3, Lars Roar Sætran3

1 Łódź University of Technology, Institute of Turbomachinery, Łódź, Poland 2 Łódź University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Łódź, Poland

3 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Trondheim, Norway *piotr.wiklak@p.lodz.pl

Keywords: Experimental fluid dynamics, HAWT, wind tunnel, power output

Interactions between wind turbines have primary importance on the decrease of the total power generated in wind farms. In order to design a wind park, sophisticated simulation software is required. Such models, however, need experimental validation or at least some reference test cases, for example [1,2,3]. Present work is therefore an attempt to build a base of reference data for upgrading or evaluating turbine interaction modeling tools typically used for wind farm design.

I. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS

In this study two models of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) with a rotor diameter (D) around 0.9 m were used.

Measurements were performed in the wind tunnel at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim (11 m long, 5 m2 cross-section).

The main aim of this project was to find conditions at which the highest combined power coefficient of the two operated in-line turbines (Cpmax) were generated. The key parameter for this research; the Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) was modified separately for the upstream and downstream turbine. Additionally, the separation distance (3D, 5D, 9D) (Fig. 1) between the turbines and incoming flow (two different turbulence intensity (Fig. 2)) was varied to reach an optimum.

Fig. 1. Arrangement of wind tunnel experiments

Fig. 2. Turbine models exposed to low (left) turbulence inflow and high (right)

turbulence inflow

II. CONCLUSIONS

The study confirms that it is possible to find an optimal setup, varying for each considered case (Fig. 3). Herein, Cptotal is the value of combined upstream and downstream power coefficient whereas Cpmax is the value reserved for the case with highest achieved power coefficient for both turbines.

Fig. 3. Matrix of total power coefficients for two operating wind turbines arranged in-line

Depending on the type of inlet turbulence and separation distance between turbines, an increase in total power production was evaluated between 5% to 30%. However, a wide range of tip speed ratio combinations resulted in a close to optimal power output.

The best combined power coefficient for both turbines was found at biggest separation distance with highly turbulent (approx.10%) inlet stream.

III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study has been realized at Norwegian University of Science and Technology as a part of a partnership between Lodz University of Technology and Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

REFERENCES

[1] F. Pierella, P. Krogstad, L. Sætran, Blind Test 2 calculations for two in-line model wind turbine, Renewable Energy, 2013

[2] P. Krogstad, L. Sætran , M. S. Adaramola, "Blind test" calculations of the performance and wake development behind two in-line and offset model wind turbines, Renewable Energy, 2015

[3] M. Adaramola, P. Krogstad, Experimental investigation of wake effects on wind turbine performance. Renewable Energy,2011

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nd Conversion NNWIND.EU), wdar-assisted contriversity of Stuttga

Fleming P., FBelen F.: “Field e NREL Controlace Sciences Meospace Expositionliverable Repor

ol Strategies usingtrol”, 2015, workPostlethwaite, I

esign“, John WileS., Fabrycky,

ntice Hall, 5th Ed.

ar on Wind E23-25

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Systems (10–2www.innwind.eu trol concepts for art, 2015

Fingersh L., WrTesting LIDAR

ls Advanced Reseeting includingn, Grapevine, Texrt D1.42: “Metg Nacelle or Blak in progress I.: “Multivariabley & Sons, 2nd E

W. J., “Systemd., 2011

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ts for

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is a multi-as of engineee. To meet th

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te FeeRegula

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d wind turbinaximum powe

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ack controller Separability is e to: blish the linearmate plant statgn full state fe

Sharpe, D., Je1-48897-2, 20, W.Leithead.

University of S

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n state-space f

urbance accom

REFEREN

Wind Energy

dynamic Basis

11th EAWE

ce Rejeed WW.E.Leithea

y of Strathclyd

y of Strathclyd2hong.yue@str

peed Wind T

CT

y capture morepeed. Thereforhe life time ofvalue to get r

wind speed hajective at the

t the wind spee wind speed

form

mmodation by

CES

Handbook”, J

s of a Torque

PhD Semina

jectionWind T

ad*3

de, Glasgow,

de, Glasgow, Uath.ac.uk

Turbine, Abov

e wind powerre turbulence if the wind turated power aas a highly no

above rated

eed as a separaas a separate

pole placemen

John Wiley &

e Separability

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

n for PTurbin

UK

UK

ve Rated Win

r than constanin wind produ

urbines. For aand mitigate tonlinear charawind conditi

ate disturbancdisturbance [2

nt or optimal

Sons Ltd, Ch

Property”, C

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

Pitch e

nd Speed.

nt speed. It canuces fluctuatioabove wind sphe effect of w

acteristic. Varons, such as

ce which is kn2]. The object

control design

hichester, Eng

DT Wind Ene

rope 2015

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#ForWind – C

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work within thnated by turbussian statisty industry stheavy fluctuas [2], which arates [3]. Ac

ent a promisins. We present

antitative analyl equipped aconditions.

I. EXPERIM

ts are performwind tunnel. Tgrid. Aerodyna multi com

ofile has a Cself-adaptive

l University ofile to passivel

acting on the reduction of shows the pr

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nalysis, ActiSmart Blade

he atmospherbulence. Suctics, which tandards [1]. ations in aerodare considerective and pasng approach ft an experimysis of the dyairfoil profile

MENTAL SETUP

med in the cloThe turbulent namic quantitmponent forcClark-y basele camber mecof Darmstadt ly change its he leading edf turbulence inrofile mounteive grid.

le mounted in thm of the active gri

ysis offoils irs#1, U. Corde

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dynamic forced to increase ssive flow cofor the reductiental study, w

ynamical behaes in reprodu

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dge flap, whinduced fluctuad in the close

he closed test secid.

f Aeron turbes*, C. Trope

search, Depar

1 Oldenburg, pers@uni-olden

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ACKNOWLEDG

work is part trol under Red by the Ge78/15-1.

REFERENCES IEC: "Wind TStandard 614002005. Mücke T., Kleiinfluence on the301, (2011) Tavner P., Qiu Awind turbine tur149, 2011 Lambie B., "AeSelf-Adaptive Darmstadt, 2011Rinn P., Heißelmin-situ damage dFriedrich R., SieRaethjen J., Deuexperimental da2000

PhD Semina

mic FInflow

e#, M. Höllin

sics, Universi

University of D

TOCHASTIC AN

ic Langevin aforces by cain a stocha

mical force flochastic (noisyety of dynam[5]. In this wadescribed by t

F t D

es Gaussian n coefficients f the system

. These csurement dataysis of the ms in turbucs.

EMENTS

of the researRealistic Turerman Researc

urbines Part 1: 0-1:2005, Interna

nhans D., Peinkee alternating load

A., Korogiannos rbulence and pitc

eroelastic InvestigCamber", doctor1 mann H., Wächtedetection", Eur.Phegert S., Peinke Jutschl G., Pfister ta", Phys. Lett. A

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

orces wng#

ity of Oldenbu

Darmstadt

ANALYSIS MET

approach to anapturing the astic processluctuations iny) part. It has

mical problemsay, the dynamthe Langevin

D F t Γ

δ-correlated wD describe

m to its steadcoefficients a [6]. This medynamical b

ulent inflow,

rch focus ”Wirbulent In-Flch Foundation

Design requireational Electrote

ke J., "Atmospherds on wind turbin

A., Feng Y., "Thch failure", Proc

gation of a Windoral thesis, Tech

er M., Peinke J., "hys.J.B, 86:3, 20J., Lück S., Siefer G., "Extracting A, Volume 271, I

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

acting

urg,

THOD

nalyze time sedynamics of . This approto a determinbeen successfs, such as in-

mics in a measuequation

Γ t ,(1)

white noise. the determin

dy state and can be obtaethod allows fbehavior of f

independent

ind Turbine Low Condition (DFG), Ref

ements", Internatechnical Commis

ric turbulence annes", Wind Energ

he correlation beteedings of EWE

d Turbine Airfoilhnical Universit

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ert M., Lindemannmodel equations ssue 3, Pages 217

rope 2015

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76

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 31

Support Structure Load Mitigation of OffshoreWind Turbines by Different Control Concepts

B. Shrestha*, M. KuehnForWind – Research Group Wind Energy Systems, University of Oldenburg

Oldenburg, Germany1binita.shrestha@uni-oldenburg.de

Keywords – Load mitigation, adaptive control, offshorewind turbine

At present one of the factors that hinder the furtherexploitation of offshore wind energy is the associated highlevelised cost of energy. The typical cost of support structureexcluding the costs of transportation and installation is around20% of the total cost [1]. This factor will be more crucialwhen considering higher capacity wind turbines and deeperwater sites. The objective for this PhD project is to develop amethodology to reduce the offshore support structure loads bytailoring the employment of different load mitigationconcepts.

I. INTRODUCTION

There are several control concepts available to mitigatespecific load events on a support structure. However, thecontrol concepts can have different collateral effects byincreasing the loads in the other components of the windturbines. For example, Individual Pitch Controller (IPC) iseffective on tower side-to-side load reduction in the ratedpower range. But IPC increases the fore-aft moment and thepitch activity which may lead to unscheduled maintenancewhich is critical and cost intensive [2].

II. METHODOLOGY

The approach in this PhD is to develop an adaptivecontroller that selects the most effective controller conceptsdepending on the load events, operating conditions and therequirement of the controller type using decision from a multi-objective function. The novelty here is to establish a trade-offbetween the desired load reduction and the collateral effectsintroduced by the selected controller.

Considering the situation with and without the detailedturbine model information, two approaches will be analysed:Model driven and data driven approach. The flowchart for themodel driven approach can be seen in Fig 1. The measurementdata from the Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm and FINO1research platform as the part of the RAVE – OWEA Loadsproject [3] will be used for the sea state and load estimation.The control concepts will be evaluated for the given conditionand the most effective control concept will be selected using amulti-objective optimization which takes into considerationthe load reduced as well as the collateral effects due to theselected controller and also the design load envelope. Thecontroller will be activated for a certain amount of time andthe sea state and load conditions are constantly monitored inorder to decide if the implemented controller concept is stillthe most effective one.

After discussing the objectives and proposed methodologyof the PhD project, the contribution will present a first casestudy using model driven approach.

III. CONCLUSION

The main objective of the PhD work is to develop andimplement a methodology for a controller adaptive to differentsituations to mitigate critical aerodynamic and hydrodynamicsupport structure loads of an offshore wind turbine, byevaluating an effective objective function for the controller.The work will be followed by the validation of theeffectiveness and generalization and transfer of the proposedmethod.

REFERENCES

[1] Clean Energy Pipeline, “Offshore Wind Project Cost Outlook”, UK,2014

[2] Fischer, T., “Mitigation of Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic InducedLoads of Offshore Wind Turbines”, University of Stuttgart, Germany,2012

[3] Research at Alpha Ventus, “RAVE – OWEA Loads” [Online].Available: http://rave.iwes.fraunhofer.de/rave/pages/raveLoads

Fig. 1: Flowchart of the model driven approach

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REFERENCES Soleimanzadeh, Farm, ConsidMechatronics.21Spudic, V., BaotControl for PoTorque from WiBrand, A., “A QWind Energy Co

PhD Semina

e Modm Simoushpas#3

ms, University

orge Street, Gl

els will needon on loads ts operation dodel will need eld and the he design oescribed in [eing develope

f it are the usteps between rather than Sim

nvolves conve simulation les, loads an

local compias part of the w

M., Wisniewskidering Both 1(4), 720-727, 20tic, M., Jelavic, Mower/Load Optimind, pp.681-692, Quasi Steady Wionf., pp.1-40, 201

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directly impacd to represent b

wake interof such mo[3] and curred within th

se of multiplthe turbines

imulink wheneerting the win

into C-codend controller iler designed wind farm sim

ki, R., “ControllePower and

011 M., Peric, N., “Himisation“, Proc.2010

Wind Farm Contro11

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

on

de

XW, UK

ufficient detaienvelope tur

cts on these loboth the evoluractions. Varodels have brently a detahe DTC at

e platforms, and the farm ever possible.nd turbine me. The turbiwill have toto decrease

mulation.

er Design for a WLoad Aspe

ierarchical Wind Conf. Sci. Ma

ol Model“, Proc.

rope 2015

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REFERENCES Bueno Gayo, “ReliaWind”, Proonline: http://corFischer et al, „FConverter Failuronline: http://ww

PhD Semina

the Intee Subsy

Moriße* m Technologyiwes.fraunhofer

z Universität H

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speed controlo control struc

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ble Summary o2966, 2011, ublication/rcn/148Based Root-Caunes“,IEEE TOPE/en.html

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ns of – Part 1

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REFERENCES Serhat H., Walchaos method fopaper 891. 2006Bottasso C.L.,Constrained OpDOI: 10.1007/s1

PhD Semina

DesignTurbinlo L. Bottasso

5, 85748 Garc

ing b. Münch

, Via La Masa

, Loads, Ais), with the Nmethods, PCation in robus

c process is rrthogonal poly

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scussed.

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Perez R.: A nonropagation in CF

F., Croce A.Wind Turbines. M-x, 2011

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

chen, Germany

Milano, Italy

by Multi-BAmong the med owing toc optimizationhrough a spec

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closer look atailed overvieented in the fue model with

REFERENCES Michalke, G., “and Impact on P“Technical GuidDetermination oand systems conGermany, 2010

PhD Semina

the Intee SubsyMertens#

z Universität H

m Technology,

een in Fig.1, tollers in the co

de converter contr

maximum po the set-pointhe d-current per ampere. I

ditional monitfully fed intreduces the

he torque deplevel of the gre to its set-poigenerator conrrents in the grlaid dc-voltagthe q-axis wh

the current in t

II. CONC

trol structure ride through rid operator’s tion of the lthose of a

a simplificatiocase of a big

III. OUT

at the loads ofew of the modull paper. Fura detailed grid

“Variable Speed WPower Systems”, Ddelines for Powerof electrical charnnected to MV, H

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

eractionystems –

Hannover

y, IWES

the control oommon cascad

rol structure of th

ower point tint for the

is set to zeIf a grid faulttoring structurto the grid, t

torque in tends on the nrid voltage anint. ntrol, the gridgrid voltage rege control defhile the reactithe d-axis.

CLUSION

outlined in every grid fa requirementslosses in thesimpler mod

on of the mecinertia like th

TLOOK

f the semiconddel and its pa

rthermore, posd model will b

Wind Turbines –Darmstadt, Germr Generating Unitracteristics of po

HV and EHV grid

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ns of – Part 2

f the generatoded structure.

he wind turbine m

tracking (MPq-current of ero, assuringt occurs, whicre, and the turhe generator-the air gap. umber of affe

nd the deviatio

-side converteeference framefines the set-pive power con

brief, the wault defined ins. e semiconducdel leads to chanical modehe one consid

ductors as wearameters wilssible interactbe discussed.

– Modelling, Comany, 2008 ts and Farms - Paower generating ds”, FGW e.V., B

rope 2015

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PPT) the the

ch is rbine -side The

ected on of

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Berlin,

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becSyscomdesprowin

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Keywords – elity, Optimis

The design ocoming morestems engineemmunity, to pign large scalblem stateme

nd energy and

So far, thereultidisciplinarymework to korithms have essment[1]. Thdels outside t

mputationally avoid prohibitelity will impperimental datThe problem effects that doverall perfo

fferent users dels or quantimise new co

WF developersign teams) hamework, and del will have ject is to de

mbination of muse case of a

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mplete researcases: aggregaidation and ccific sub-obje Definiti

models Definiti

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of offshore we recognised ering is gainiprovide the mle power planent in the fiethe planned m

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to be includhis is particutheir own discexpensive, antively long ruply a higher ta although at to be solved

different fideliormance of a

(e.g. researctify uncertainomponents frs interested inave different itherefore the to change ac

evelop an almodel fidelitiMDAO frame

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logy applied twill be to breach cycles[2], alation, assumpconsolidation. ectives: on of a set oand optimiseron of the sork applied to

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Wind Farms

wind farms (as a mult

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ROBLEM

no clear waytimisation and

model fidelityded in an offsularly true whcipline. High nd thus have un times. In t

degree of caa higher compis the lack oities of a cert

a multidisciplichers who dnties, R&D terom the systen global finannterests whenoptimisers an

cordingly. Thgorithm ableies and optimework for offs

METHODOLOG

to achieve theak it down inl of which inc

ptions, theoriThese cycles

f standard OWr. et of use cao offshore win

Evaluaon of stian Sanche

Win

Kluyverweg 1, s.sanchez

, MDAO, M

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this work, a hapability to mputational cosf understandi

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misers accordishore wind en

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WFs to bench

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ation iOffsh

ez Perez-Mornd Energy, TU

2629 HS Delfzperezmoreno@

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eadily task.

energy e and

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of a MDAO)

sation ystem using

els are y used higher match st. ing of ave on sation.

own ant to view, ers or

MDAO f each of this e best ing to nergy.

g goal nits of owing cation, s four

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B. S

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[3]

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11th EAWE

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reno, MichieU Delft

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with theirfunction a

Definitionand selec

A multi-weight dcombinat

Software

o make the cproject will mn the OpenMDpenMDAO isneering and gn of experimeUSED-Wind nections of inpd farm, includo-elastic models [4]. plug-in with

els and optimry of FUSED-

plitting the oide an efficiee will be robuequent cycles his project wAO framework

ACKNOWLEDG

his work is finncil for Scienernment of the

REFERENCES Dykes, K., RethEngineering: InTask Proposal, 2Horvath, I. Structowards ensurinConference on EVol. 2: Design 22.08, 2013. Moore, K. T., Nsource framewoAIAA/ISSMO M2008 Dykes, K., et al.

PhD Semina

MultiWind F

l Zaaijer

lands

r particular inand performann of the govetion of modelcriteria decis

determination tion of model

onnection betmake use of DAO framewos being deveincludes a vent drivers [3].

currently cput and outpuding cost and els, wake mo

an algorithm misers will b-Wind.

III. CONC

overall goal nt methodolo

ust and scientiwill be fully j

will contributk applied to o

EMENTS

nancially suppnce and Teche State of Oax

hore, PE., Zahle,tegrated Research2015 cturing the proceg scientific rigor.Engineering DesTheory and Rese

Naylor, B. A., & Grk for multidiscip

Multidisciplinary A

Software accessi

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

idiscipFarms

nterest or goalnce demands.erning criterils and optimission analysis

method thatfidelities and

etween modelthe FUSED-W

ork. eloped as a vast library o. contains a sut variables of

financial moodels and stru

that automatebe contributed

CLUSION

into four suogy, since the ifically provenjustified. te to more e

offshore wind

ported by the Mhnology (CONxaca, Mexico.

, F., Merz, K. Wch, Development

ess of design rese. Proceedings of

sign (ICED13), Dearch Methodolo

Gray, J. S. The deplinary analysis aAnalysis and Opt

sible at http://www

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

plinary

l, global objec

a for comparers. tool includin

t yields the optimisers.

s and optimisWind shell, b

tool for systof optimisers

standard set f components odels, aero-hyuctural/founda

es the selectiod to the exis

ub-objectives outcome of e

n, and their us

efficiently usenergy.

Mexican NatiNACYT) and

Wind Energy Sys& Design. IEA

earch-A necessarythe 19th Internat

Design for Harmoogy, Seoul, Korea

evelopment of an and optimization.timization Confer

w.fusedwind.org/

rope 2015

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open . 12th rence,

/

82

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De

mped paramntrollers. For aerodynamiminant dynamese models p various mod

nalysis of the AWT. This lumped parameodels will be th straight blaH rotors or 3

rivatio

eter models r horizontal aics, the structmic modes, bprovide muchdes. As yet th

rotor dynamumped parameter model wused in the cades will be

3 bladed V ro

on of Vertic

James SteeWind and M

Royal Colleg1james.st

of wind turbaxis wind turture, tower aboth their freh insight intohere are no e

mics will be cmeter model will then be deconstruction considered w

otors.

a Lumcal Axer, Bill LeithMarine Energy

ge Building, Uteer@strathclyd

Abines are usedrbines (HAWand rotor, andequencies ano the dynamiequivalent m

carried out anwill be analoeveloped for of a Simulin

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PhD Semina

meter Murbinen Feuchtwanof Strathclyd

lasgow, G1 1Jrath.ac.uk

amic propertblished and inmodels need c physical paturbines andind turbines (

model develophat currently

AWT. The twInitially, a s

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Model e ng

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ties and designclude repreto faithfully arameters su

d the relation(VAWTS).

oped for the sy exist for HAwo lumped psimple, two bThe project m

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

of a

gning their sentations ofrepresent thch as inertiasships betwee

structure of thAWTS. A arameter

bladed V rotomay be exten

rope 2015

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m reliability rthe electric decornerstone

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REFERENCES Energinet – wwwEU FP7

PhD Semina

Reliabiunitie

y of Denmark

e (Denmark)

r to generate These scenariof reality due tation of the psociated to th

in order tational plannin

III. MULTIPLE

power generatTSO perspec

nsidering the the need foreanalysis techlogical variabcan be subseqpower curves

ure expansions

V. FEASIBLE AP

nsionality of thfeasible approtractability. characterizati

ture between ws i.e. region/to assess the eonents and thesuch as compoopen the po

uch as big dat

w.energinet.dk GARPUR pr

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

ility Stes

k

plausible fuos do not necto the partial phenomena unhe model predto support dng.

E STRATEGIES

tion representctive. Neverth

wide geograpr alternative hniques can pbles with thequently transfos. Plus, it offes of the wind g

PPROXIMATION

he problem at oximations inThis will inv

ions of the temwind power p/country-wiseeffects of weaeir possible reonent failure r

ossibility to mta and machin

roject – w

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

tudies

ture scenariocessarily repreignorance ornder study. Tdictions also ndecision mak

ts the most cruheless, the lacphical area tosolutions. In provide histor

e desired leveormed into poers the possibgeneration fle

NS

hand requiresn order to envolve testing mporal and spplants at diffe. Furthermore

ather on the reelation with wrates and outa

make use ofne learning.

www.garpur-proje

rope 2015

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Keywords –Srbine, Experi

This paper nchronous gen

a direct-drivisted PM macondly, by an erred from the

PRINCIPLE OF

AN

For salient poue. To reduce h an acceptab

mit due to saisted by PM ia classical saladjacent rotorotor pole i

erefore rotor puced which imt of PM flctromotive for

Fig. 1 Principle of

The studied mnchronous gens made. Expeiod of time widate a semiategy applied d

. EQUIVALEN

The model nchronous Diris equivalent work. Thanksmagnetic satuFig.2.a and quisition of sha

ynchroMagne

Maxime PEC Lille, L2E

2

3Univers

Synchronous imental analy

proposes annerator assisteve wind turbachine is expoptimization

e experimental

F SALIENT POL

AND PROTOTYP

ole generatorthe machine s

ble level of saturation effecis investigatedlient pole mac

or pole shoes. in opposite wpole saturationmprove the geluxes cross rce [1], [2].

f Synchronous G

machine is a 4nerator assisteerimental meawith the machi-analytical mduring the test

NT MODEL AND

is a first hrect-Quadratucircuit mode

s to these moduration is well

b illustrate aft speed and

onous Mets forPloyard12, A

EP, Cité Scient2JEUMONT E

sité de Cergy P

Generator, Dysis, Efficienc

n analysis oed by Permanbine. Firstly,plained and problem, the

l acquisitions.

LE GENERATO

PE CHARACTE

r, magnetic ssize, the rotorsaturation [1].cts, the syncd [1], [2]. Thechine with PMThe flux geneway to the mn is decreasedenerator efficie

the airgap

enerator assisted

8 poles directed by PM. Asurements arehine. The me

model and tot.

D EXPERIMENT

harmonic moure (D-Q) refel employs a

dels, the influeconsidered. respectively active power.

Machr Direymen Ammatifique, F-5965

Electric, 367 r

Pontoise, SAT

Direct Drive Wcy, Optimizat

f a salient nent Magnets , the principa model is bcontrol strate

.

R ASSISTED BY

RISTICS

aturation is apoles are des

. To overcomchronous genee structure is bM inserted beterated by PM main flux (Fd and DC currency. In additand increase

by PM

t drive woundA 900kW prote performed oeasures are uso find the co

TAL VALIDATI

odel based ference framea D-Q reluctence of assiste

the experim

ine Asect-Dri

ar2, Frederic 650 Villeneuve

rue de l’indust

TIE, Rue d’Era

Wind tion

pole (PM)

ple of build. egy is

Y PM

a key signed

me the erator based tween cross

Fig.1). rent is tion, a e the

d rotor totype over a sed to ontrol

IONS

on a e [3]. tances ed PM

mental

Fig

Usform( ,( ,currestrateimpleoptim

A a dirbriefcalculaws an exbe doptimstrate

R[1]

[2]

[3]

0.5

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ssistedive WGillon1, Lio

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trie, F-59640

agny, F-95031

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sing data frommulated. The

) cos

ent. In additionegy in the D-Qemented in

mizations are p

synchronous ect drive wind

fly discussed. ulation results

and the perfoxperimental wetailed. Final

misation probegy to improv

REFERENCES K. Yamazaki, K“Estimation of aspole synchronouno. 6, pp. 2515–2T. Gundogdu anconcentrated wigenerators & deSyst. Res., vol. 10Y. Amara, L. VidLecrivain, “Hybrsolution for vehi58, no. 5, pp. 213

05

6

7

8

0

2

4

6

0

4

6

8

08

6

4

2

b.

a.

d.

c.

PhD Semina

d by PWind Tu

nel Vido3, Dnce, maxime.p

Jeumont, Fra

1 Cergy Ponto

al measurements a

m measuremenaim is t

) which sa). Fig.2.c sh

n the optimisaQ axis for a un

the controperformed for

III. CONC

machine assid turbine. The

A comparisowas done to v

formance of thwind cycle. In

ly, the validablem to det

ve the provided

K. Nishioka, K. ssist effects by ads generators,” In2523, 2012. nd G. Komurgozinding techniqueevelopment with 05, pp. 57–70, 20do, M. Gabsi, E. Hrid excitation synicles propulsion,”37–2149, 2009.

5000

5000

5000

5000

T

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Stu

Permanurbine

Daniel Laloy2

ployard@ec-li

ance

oise, France

and control laws

nts, an optimito find theatisfied the hows the calcations allow f

unity power faol of the r each time ste

CLUSION

isted by PM ie specificity oon between validate the mhis machine athe final pape

ated model wtermine the d energy by th

Shima, T. Fukdditional permanend. Electron. IEE

z, “Implementate to large salie

h permanent mag013. Hoang, A. Hami

ynchronous mach” Veh. Technol.

10000

10000

10000

10000

ime (s)

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

nent e 2 ille.fr

isation probleme only solu

operating pculated excitafinding the conctor (Fig.2.c &prototype.

ep.

is investigatedof this generatoexperimental

model. The conare obtained fer, the model

will be used inoptimal con

he generator.

kami, and K. Sent magnets in sa

EE Trans. On, vo

ion of fractionalent-pole synchrognets,” Electr. P

d Ben Ahmed, anhines: Energy-effiIEEE Trans. On

rope 2015

many er 39

m is ution point ation ntrol & b) The

d for or is and

ntrol from will

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Shirai, alient-l. 59,

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Keywords – ucture, Stand

The offshore sometimes e

n cause slamring a short time of the struaking waves

ucture [2]. In mming loads o account. Hoematics, an ad to achieve, ctice is also chThis study inthods used fond applicationthods and the

perimental rese

The slammingd guidelines auses not only slamming loa

ds in the strucThe assumptiosummarized, experimental :8 scale truss mnnover, possib

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support strucexposed to pl

mming loads me [1]. When ucture or in

shall be covarious stan

from the plunowever, due accurate estimand how to inhallenging. ntends to givor slamming ns. It also disc

potential for earch.

II. AP

g load consideare reviewed on the recomads, but also ctural design. ons and the paand the knowdata from the model was tesbilities for im

III. RESULTS A

ads are mentiuidelines. A

ded in some one of them, thdicated load ct can play ane structure. g coefficient Cion. However,

is still goin

Slammfor Of

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PPROACH

eration parts oand compared

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re Wind, Sup

the wind indking waves, whigh impact

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ew of the curation for offwledge gaps obased on on-

of various stand. The compaulation methods to include

d in these mere discussed. Broject [5], in wrge Wave Fluof the method

ON

nsidered in astimate the lords and guide) breaking wathe slamming

role in the fa

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ermine an acc

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ous standards encounters

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ACKNOWLEDG

his work hmmunity’s Sev

t to the budgewithin the Tra520. inancial suppncil of Norw

nowledged.

REFERENCES Alagan Chella, Impact Forces Procedia, vol. 20 “Design of OffAS, Offshore St“Wind TurbinesTurbines”, InterEdition 1.0, 200“Guideline for Renewables CerTu, Y., MuskuSlamming LoadApplications,” J

PhD Semina

deratiouctureng, NTNU

rway

ude the (plunity of occurrwledge of oceload estimatiidelines are f

her structures, o e.g. non-s

reaker [5]. ons conductedstimation of thwere conducteo validate the ethods for trus

how that mostds overestimerimental resuhe wave hits aas in reality t

IV. CONC

mportance of offshore wind

and guidelinmany chall

a, the estimatproved.

EMENTS

has been suventh Framewet of the Inteansnational A

port from Nway, contrac

M., Tørum, A., Mon Offshore W

0, pp. 217–226, 2fshore Wind Turandard DNV-OSs – Part 3: Desirnational Electro9 the Certification

rtification, 2012 ulus, M., Arntsed Characteristics fournal of Ocean

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

ons es

nging) breakinrence should eanography. ion methods for cylindrica the accuracy simultaneous

d in the Wavehe slamming ed with a truapplicability

ss structures. st approaches mate the slults. This is, all parts of ththese are hit

CLUSION

f slamming loapplications

nes, the applicllenges. Withtion of the sl

upported bywork Programegrating ActivAccess Activit

NOWITECH ct no. 19382

Myrhaug, D., “AWind Turbine Su2012 rbine Structures”

S-J101, 2014 ign Requirement

otechnical Comm

n of Offshore W

en, Ø.A., “Expefor Truss Structuand Wind Energy

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ng wave as a be known. T

mentioned inal structures. of the methodimpact on

eSlam projectcoefficient. S

uss structure, of the slamm

described inlamming for

e.g., due tohe structure atin a more or

ads in the deis emphasizedcation in prach the help lamming load

y the Europmme through vity HYDRALties, Contract

FME (Rese23) is gratef

An Overview of Wubstructures”, En

”, Det Norske V

ts for Offshore Wmission, IEC 614

Wind Turbines”

rimental Analysures in Offshore Wy, 2015 [accepted

rope 2015

many er 40

load This

n the For

ds is the

t can Since

this ming

n the rces, the t the less

esign d by ctice

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In this work a rectly the incr

atial correlatioume CFD Cject is the corctuations and d fatigue calcu

Of crucial impdes are complbulent atmospnverting system

entire rotor blow. Unsteadyfts between exve not been weAt the presenor-aerodynam

mulations are mulations (LE

program Pcedure, anoth

ssing intermiluded in all s

ents of high wervall which culations [3].

g.1 Torque incremand the CT

In order to avoled Continuoueinhans/Friedrensource Codferent meteoro

SIMUTU

Turbulent inf

probabilistic rement statistons, shall be

Code OpenFOrrect descriptiextreme even

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portance with lex and unste

pheric inflow ms (WECS).

blade radius vy aerodynamicxcitation and rell described bnt state, atmo

mic Computatgenerated by S) under a hig

PALM [2]. Bher drawbackittent statisticsimulations if wind speed fare highly i

ment statistics of TRW model (righ

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ULATURBU

Sebastian E#Unive

Amme

flow, Intermi

inflow modeltics on small te implemente

OAM [1]. Thion and simulants which are ind turbines.

ODUCTION

respect to theeady interactio

and the flowThe effectivearies stronglyc effects are thresulting loadby models yetospheric wintional Fluid

precursoringgh computatioBesides this

k of those wcs (Fig.1) wf one wants tofluctuations wimportant for

f the IEC Standardht) compared to m

ues, a probabilndom Walk (will be impM. This moditions and win

ION OULENT

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ersity of Olden

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within a shortload and fa

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OF UNT ROnhard Stoeve

enburg, Institu

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oduces nd the finite f this t scale r load

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effects

ta for (CFD)

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Oldenburg

w model. For modified in tha

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RW model, anpared to CFD

he goal of thisel in OpenFOain and the coause the veloindependent orgence free alled at the begthe correctionsformation of tre the spectrurier transform ifferent meteobe tested and

surements. n addition to tpared to CFD

ACKNOWLEDG

he authors woung und Forser Saxony, Gehe simulationsility for Lar

earch), locatedfunded by th

ure ConservatiUmwelt, Naturt number 0325

REFERENCES http://www.openhttp://palm.mukMücke T., Kleiinfluence on theKleinhans D, Fnew approach. DKleinhans D. Sden theoretischWindfelder. PhD2008

E PhD Semina

EADY LOADchim Peinke

ForWind

Germany

industrial usaat way, such thbe transportthe simulatio

idation of thend load meassimulated dat

II. GOALS AN

s project is theOAM as an inforrect transporcity compone

of each other,and the Nav

ginning. One on of this mothe generated

um is correcteleads to a diveorological cond a validation

that, load mesimulated dat

EMENTS

ould like to thachung and thermany. s were performrge-Scale Comd at the Univehe Federal Mion and Nuclerschutz und R5220.

nfoam.com .uni-hannover.deinhans D., Peink alternating loadsriedrich R. Simu

DEWEK 2006 Prtochastische Mohen GrundlagenD Thesis, Westfä

aron Wind E23-25

Stu

ANDDS e#*3

age, an LES suthat the small ted through on area. LIDAe stochastic p

asurements onta.

AND ISSUES

e implementatflow model inrt behaviour wents are calc, the velocityvier-Stokes eqof the main poodel. An anvelocity field

ed in that wayvergence free f

nditions and n is done by m

easurements ota.

ank the Bundhe federal stat

med at the HPomputations iersity of OldeMinistry for tear Safety (BuReaktorsicherh

e ke J. Atmosphers on wind turbineulation of intermroceedings, Brem

odellierung kompn zur Simulatälische Wilhelms

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

D

ubgrid model scale intermitdifferent m

AR measuremproperties of

n WECS will

tion of the CTn a 3 dimensiwithin this domculated separa

field will noquations are oints will ther

nsatz can be d to Fourier spy that the invfield. wind behavi

means of LID

on WECS wil

esministeriumte governmen

PC Cluster FLin Wind Eneenburg (Germathe Environmundesministerheit, BMU) un

ric turbulence anes mittent wind fieldmen, Germany, 20plexer Systeme -tion atmosphäris-Universität Mün

rope 2015

many er 41

will ttent

mesh ments f the l be

TRW onal

main. ately ot be

not refor

the pace, verse

ours DAR

ll be

m für nt of

LOW ergy any)

ment, rium nder

nd its

ds: A 006.

Von ischer nster,

87

K

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Keywords liability, Sens

In structural bine (OWT) scertainties in passessment o

ny cases, theding to a lackeral problemessment is preerly site-depenirdly, even whnditions for eaust assessm

plicability. While quite babilistic meability in parta smaller nume computationcessity of varies are not malargest impa

o the sensitivection of para

der to have a mn be based.

To facilitate support structure been constr

mulations for tite element messment of thd cases, wh

mpared with mlude environmture paramete

milar studies. Ehere availablameters and aUsing Monte Cetailed assessmboth fatigue

om this, a sensven a level of

broad soffsho

Department of

– Supportsitivity analys

I. MO

analysis and support structparameters thof both fatiguese parameterk of robustnessms: Firstly, thesent. Secondlndent, which mhere site-depenach location i

ments implies

some work hethods applieticular [1, 2], mber of non-nal demand able reduction

ade on a solid ct. To this en

vity of the prameters, manymore solid fou

II. METHOD

uch a study, ae for an OWT,ructed. The mthe rotor and model of th

he system resphile still promore involvedmental, structuers that are oEmphasis has le) probabilia discussion ofCarlo samplinment of the prand ultimate

sitivity analysiuncertainty fo

sensitore wi

L

of Civil and Tr

H

t structuresis, Offshore

TIVATION

optimization tures, there is at can have aue and ultimars are treateds in the assesshe possibilityly, the structumakes mass-pndency is necin a wind pars designs w

has gone intd to these ssuch analysis

deterministic of such analn, but the chobasis of whic

nd, we proposrobability of

y of these not undation on w

S AND RESULT

a simplified m, based on themodel featurewave loads, a

he monopile. ponse to an exoviding fairlyd methods. Thural and modoften not take

been put intostic models f the choices mng of these difrobability of flimit states

is for each paror a parameter

ivity and tur

Lars Einar S.

ransport Engin

Høgskoleringe1la

e, Uncertai

of offshore a large numb

a significant imate limit stated deterministisment. This cr

y of errors inral design bec

production diffcessary, the vark means thatwith too li

to developmesystems, strus is usually liparameters [

lyses leads toices made in ch parametersse an investigfailure to a usually studi

which future st

TS

model of a mone OC3 monopies decoupled applied to a s

This allowsxtensive numby accurate rhe variables stdel parametersen into accouo selecting rea

for the vamade is includfferent distribufailure with recan be perforrameter is obtr, it is then po

analysrbine s

Stieng#1, Mi

neering, Norw

en 7A, 7491 Trars.stieng@ntnu

inties,

wind ber of mpact es. In ically, reates n the comes fficult. arying t non-imited

ent of uctural imited [3, 4]. to the

these s have gation

large ied, in tudies

nopile ile [5],

d load simple s fast ber of results tudied s, and unt in alistic arious ded. utions, espect rmed. tained.

ossible

to gitakenof ro

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sis of usuppoichael Musku

wegian Univer

rondheim, Noru.no

ive a recommn as determinibustness in th

he results demeneral, and a scular, when

mization is to e recommende results in fur

ACKNOWLEDG

his work has bearch Counci

Danish Councvancing BeYgn of offshore

REFERENCES Melchers, R. E. 2nd Ed. John WilTarp-Johansen, Ronold, K. (20reliability of o1420(EN). RoskSørensen, J. D. dynamic loads. Structural DynaCarswell, W. A(2015). Soil-strfoundations. WiVorpahl, F., StNichols, J. 201design codes un

PhD Semina

uncertrt struulus#

rsity of Scienc

rway

mendation for istic while stil

he analysis.

III. CONC

monstrate the nensitivity base

any accurbe performed

ations for howrther work is in

EMENTS

been partly sul of Norway,il for Strategiond Shallow wind turbine

(1999). Structurley, Chichester; NN.J., Kozine, I.,

005). Optimised offshore wind tkilde: Risø Nation(2014). ReliabilitProceedings of

mics, EURODYNArwade, S. R., Ducture reliabilitynd Energy 18: 48trobel, M., Jonk3. Verification oder IEA Wind Ta

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

taintieuctures

ce and Techno

whether the ll maintaining

CLUSION

need for probed variable se

urate design d for OWT sw to implemenincluded.

upported by N, contract no.ic Research th

waterS (AB support struc

ral Reliability AnNew York. , Rademakers, Land balanced s

turbines. Technnal Laboratory. ty analysis of win

f the 9th InternaN 2014. DeGroot, D. J., y of offshore w83-498. kman, J., Larsenof aero-elastic o

ask XXIII. Wind E

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

es for s

ology

parameter cang a desirable l

babilistic methelection proces

assessment upport structunt, and expand

NOWITECH F 193823) and

hrough the proBYSS) - Optictures”.

alysis and Predic

L., Sørensen, J.Dstructural and syical Report Ris

nd turbines expostional Conferenc

and Lackner, Mind turbine mon

n, T., Passon, P.offshore wind tuEnergy 17: 519-54

rope 2015

many er 42

n be level

hods ss in

or ures. d on,

FME d by oject imal

ction,

. and ystem sø-R-

sed to ce on

M. A. nopile

. and urbine 47.

88

11th EAWE PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe 23-25 September 2015

Stuttgart, Germany Poster 43

Application of meteorological databases for wind resources estimation in dispersed wind energy

Anna Chudy Łódź University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Łódź, Poland

156908@edu.p.lodz.pl

Keywords: dispersed energy, historical meteorological

databases, estimation wind resources The civic energy sector in last year’s is developing more

dynamically. Dispersed and integrated sources are gaining importance because of the lack of problems with the transmission, as well stimulation of civic engagement. However, the biggest problem and often the cause of application failures is the suboptimal implementation of such solutions due to miss proper or even lacking resources estimation.

Present work is therefore an attempt to validate the possibility of applying meteorological data bases for estimation of wind resources in citizen driven dispersed energy systems development.

I. COMPARISON OF METEOROLOGICAL AND WIND ENERGY

STANDARDS

This study involves the comparison of meteorological and wind energy standards concerning wind measurements and based on high resolution wind measurements will discuss and show the discrepancies with special focus on small scale energy systems applications.

The study aims at: determination of the differences between the methods

of measurement and analysis of wind data, definition of the meteorological requirements for

how to measure parameters of wind measuring instruments and their accuracy, the location of equipment, duration of measurement in meteorology and wind energy and to demonstrate the differences between them,

specification of the data needed to analyse and extrapolate the wind data from meteorological data bases,

determination of the difference extrapolated values of meteorological data in relation to the experimental data from location turbines.

identification of limitations that may exist in estimating the energy potential using meteorological data.

II. ANALYSIS

Restrictions and discrepancies in estimating the potential energy primarily relate to:

insufficient density of meteorological stations, the availability of wind measurements on most

meteorological stations in only 3 times of the day, the need for measurement data extrapolation from a

standard height of 10 m a.g.l at hub height. These discrepancies can cause very big difference between

the estimated and real wind speed. Should be remembered that wind power is dependent on the wind speed in the 3 power. Therefore, each discrepancy radically affects the amount of energy gained.

III. CONCLUSIONS

Public historical meteorological databases (National Wether and Meteorology Agencies) can be used as a first, initial layer of input for wind based renewable systems efficiency, they are not ready for direct application.

Due to important discrepancies between the methods of measurement and analysis of wind data for weather forecast and climatology [1] and wind energy applications [2,3] such a concept has to be treated with caution.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study has been realized at Lodz University of Technology at the Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering.

REFERENCES [1] Guide, W. M. O. (2006). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and

Methods of Observation. Genf, Schweiz, Secretariat of the WMO: sn.

[2] MEASNET Procedure „Evaluation on Site-Speciffic Wind Conditions“ , Measnet 2009.

[3] IEC 61400-1

89

K

MI A

simwinWethirthe nesdowutilresoexasystESMinteWR21 At JanThestorcomCouSyspoininclHeiFinocemodthe reso

A w

Keywords – wKE 21 SW

A coupled winmulate the costnd farm desigeather Researcrd generation

atmospheric ting function

wnscale fromization of unolution at the ample of the tem. Since thMF regriddierpolation weRF transfers 10SW feeds bacpresent, the

nssen (1991)[3]

e coupling syrms of particumparison, the upled-Ocean-Astem (COAWnt measuremluding open oidrun, and co

no 1 and Hornean where thedel coupling i

terrain and olution is mor

wind-w

wind-wave c

nd-wave modtal wind and wgn and mainch and Forecspectral windmodel and

n in WRF m tens of ki

structured mecoastal area lmeshes and

e two modelsing softwareeights betwee0 m wind speeck sea surface

approaches ], Fan et al (2

ystem has beeular conditionsame storms Atmosphere-WST)[6,7]. The r

ments of windocean, deep woastal, relativens Rev. When e winds and wis important. W

bathymetry re important.

wave c

Jiant#Departme

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oupling, stor

delling systemwaves during ntenance purpasting (WRF

d-wave model wave model,enables the ilometres to esh in MIKE less than 0.1 k

domains thas are using dife is used en them. Dured to MIKE 2e roughness leof paramete

2012)[4], Drenen applied to ns using differhave also bee

Wave-Sedimeresults have bd and waves water sites suely shallow w the storms pwaves are strWhile in the cis complex,

couplisim

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ent of Wind E

rederiksborgv

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rm, coastal, W

m is implementstorms for off

poses. We us) Model[1] anMIKE 21 SWrespectivelymodel resol1 km. And

21 SW allowkm. Fig. 1 showat are used ifferent mesheto generate

ring the coup21 SW while Mength (z0) to Wrizing z0 incnnan (2005)[5

model a serirent z0 schemen simulated bnt Tran

been validatedin the North

uch as Ekofiskwater sites suass by, in therong and highcoastal zone, w

the high sp

ng sysmulatio

aoli Larsén#2

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. The lution d the

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R[1]

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, Dudhia, J., Gill,2005). A descrip

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oupling system

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Center oscale

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eering IETY

ration 1(11),

Global -wave

2005). ysical

ango, upled s &

2010). iment 230-

90

KS

Kthe meaextrIECwinsho

Istabare are atminvtestthe metwinSmspeare meawinpowparmea

A.

FandstraexpThez1/L

Waccconproovepredstraspestra

EvapD

Keywords –Stability, Pow

Knowing meadesign proc

asurements atrapolated to th

C 61400-3 [1] nd turbines aortcomings in In this study, bility such as t

compared tocommonly u

mospheric stabestigated andted and compRichardson G

thods are testend profile intro

medman-Högsted data, meas

extrapolatedasurement datnd profiles duwer output caameters such asurement hei

Comparison profiles

Figure 1 showd predicted atification of pressed by theerefore, z1/LO

LO>0 to stableWind profilesount show

nditions highfiles as the

erestimate thdiction throug

atification is peds. The sca

atification for

aluatioprofileDepartment of

– Vertical Wwer output pr

I. INTR

an wind speedcess of windt this height,he necessary hand DNV-OS

are based on adaptation to vertical windthe Monin-Ob

o non-stabilityused in wind bility at the d five differared. The Ob

Gradient Methed: Power Lawoduced by Peñtröm and Högsured by 2D-Ud to 70 m ta. This analy

ue to atmosphalculations. Tas wind shearight are invest

II. R

of predicted

ws the wind spwind speedsthe atmosphee non-dimens<0 refers to u

e conditions. s which takeespecially in

h accuracy. Power Law

he wind spegh stability-copoorly. Thoseattering increall wind profi

on of es: A cf Energy and P

Wind Profilrediction

RODUCTION

ds at hub-heighd turbines. D, wind measuheight. CurrenS-J101 [2] for

onshore expmaritime envi

d profiles inclbukhov similay corrected w

industry. ForSkipheia me

ent extrapolabukhov-lengthhod. The follow, Logarithmiña and a pow

gström [4]. 10Ultrasonic anand compare

ysis focuses oheric stability Therein, the sr exponent, rotigated.

RESULTS

d and meas

peed ratio betws (um/up) agere. The thermsional stabilityunstable, z1/L

the atmosphn very unsta

Non-stabilityw and the eed at 70 morrected wind

e profiles oveeases from uiles.

methocase st

S. FProcess Engin

74911 soeren.fec

les, Atmosp

hts is necessarDue to a lacurements are nt standards su

designing offperience and ironment. luding atmosparity theory (M

wind profiles wr this purposeeasurement sation methodh is calculatedowing extrapoic Law, MOSTer law expone-min average emometer, at ed to the aon the deviatiand the impa

sensitivity of ughness lengt

sured wind s

ween the meaainst the th

mal stratificatiy parameter z

LO≈0 to neutra

heric stabilityable and unsy corrected Logarithmic

m. Contrarilyd profiles in srestimate the unstable to s

ods to tudy o

Fechner1, L. neering, Norw

1 Trondheim, chner@campus

pheric

ary for ck of often

uch as fshore show

pheric MOST) which e, the

site is ds are d with olation T, the ent by wind 10 m

actual ion of act on input

th and

speed

asured hermal ion is z1/LO. al and

y into stable wind Law

, the stable wind

stable

F

Thto caestimmethlowe

T

u(z=PowLogaMOWinPow

ItresulespecstratiintroadditfoundMOS

A

ThTU possi

R[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

11th EAWE

calcuon FrøSætran

wegian Univers

Norway

.tu-berlin.de

Figure 1: Bin-ave70m

he predicted aalculate the pomation shows hods as MOSTest errors. The

Table 1: Power o

=70 m)wer Law

arithmic LawST

nd Profile by Peñawer Law exponent

is found thlts in reducedcially, in uification. Conduced by Peñtion, the lowed with the inST. Both mod

ACKNOWLEDG

his research wBerlin and ibility.

REFERENCES IEC, "Wind turturbines, GenevaDNV GL AS, "Dj101, "Det NorskA. Pena, S.-E.Gthe Wind SpeedBoundary LayerA.S. Smedman-Determining WRoutine Meteoropp. 942-954, 197

PhD Semina

ulate wøya, N

sity of Science

eraged ratio of mem versus stability

and measured ower output fo

that using stT and the wintable below s

utput of predicted

at by SH

III. CONC

at models ind deviations nstable and sidering all stña [4] resulteest error on ntroduced winels achieve an

EMENT

was realized thNTNU. I w

rbines-Part 3: Dea, Switzerland, 20Design of Offshoke Veritas, 2014

Gryning, B.Hasagd Profile in the Mr Meteorology No-Högström and U

Wind Frequency ological Data", Jo78

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

wind spNorway

e and Technol

easured and prediy parameter at 10

d wind speeds or a Vestas Vtability correcnd profile by Psummarizes th

d and measured wPower output [

1314 1245 1279 1284 1285 1156

CLUSION

ncluding atmoto the actuavery unsta

tability classeed in the higha power outp

nd profile by n error of 2.4%

through a coowould like to

esign requiremen009. ore Wind Turbine

ger, "MeasuremeMarine Atmospho. 129, pp. 479-4U. Högström, "A

Distribution forournal of Applied

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

peed y logy,

icted wind speeds0m

at 70 m are u100 1.8 MW. cted extrapolaPeña result in

he results:

wind speeds at 70[kW] Error

5.4%2.8%2.4%2.4%12.1%

ospheric stabal measuremeable atmosphs the wind prohest accuracyput calculatio

Peña as wel%.

operation betwo thank for

nts for offshore

e Structure, DNV

ents and Modellinheric Boundary L95 December 200 practical Metho

Lowest 200m d Meteorology no

rope 2015

many er 45

s at

used The

ation n the

0 m

%

bility ents; heric ofile y. In on is ll as

ween this

wind

V-OS-

ng of Layer, 08 od for

form o. 17,

91

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airb

ThighhighcomresorenbeinpotHowundimp

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InveWith R

Keywords – borne in-situ

The German h priority soch-efficiency

mpete economources. Windewable electrng made in ential sites wever the wderstood, and portant for renIn a joint efforww.windfors.darpment in thail as a potentinstruments

teorological toars, and a sodrking group oborne in-situ

mperature andcraft (MASC:

estigatRegard

Ale

complex ter measuremen

I. AB

government cial task in therenewable en

mically with d energy isricity generat

the field. Infor wind en

wind flow init is not easy

newable electrrt by several rde) competenhe Swabian Atial site for a wis installed

ower equippeddar/RASS systof the Unive

u measuremed humidity wMulti-purpos

tion Od To W

Remexander Raut

#Center for Ap

rrain, flow nts, remotely

BSTRACT

has made sue 21st centurynergy technonuclear and

s of primarytion and largn Southern Gnergy are in n complex tey to model oricity generatioresearch groupnce cluster, Alb is currenwind turbine ton site, inc

d with sonic atem. The Enviersity of Tübients of 3D-with multiplese Airborne Se

Of TheWind-E

motely tenberg#1, No

pplied Geosci

Tü1alexander.ra

over escarpmpiloted aircr

stainable eney, and this reqologies which

fossil fuel eny importancege investmentGermany the

complex teerrain is not r predict, whon. ps of the Windthe flow ove

ntly investigattest field. A vcluding a 10anemometers, ironmental Phingen is colle-wind vectore remotely pensor Carrier [

e FlowEnergPiloteorman Wildm

ience, Eberha

Tübingen, Germautenberg@uni

ment, raft

ergy a quires h can energy e for ts are e best errain.

well hich is

dForS er an ted in

variety 00 m wind hysics ecting r, air iloted [1]).

Fig. 1

The gstabidifferoughof in simuundisMASover poten

Revalidsever

DespeedAreaor thinflu

Ththe Fon a

[1]

11th EAWE

w Overy Res

ed Aircmann#, Joe S

ard Karls Univ

many -tuebingen.de

: MASC in front

goal is to studlity, different rent seasons hness, in this tensive measu

ultaneously. Osturbed airflowSC is measuri

the cliff anntial flow acceesults of thesedate a CFD mral days of me

ependant on td, characteris

as with increashe approxima

uence of the lif

ACKNOWLED

he projects “LFederal Minisdecision of th

REFERENCE

Wildmann, N., Aircraft (RPA) doi:10.5194/asr-

PhD Semina

r An Eearch craft. mith#, Jens B

versität Tübing

of wind turbines

dy the airflow wind speeds with varyin

complex terraurements, two

One is measurw upstream thing in a fine vd further dowelerations, sepe measuremenmodel of theeasurements w

II. CONC

he wind directics of the flosed turbulenceate distance tfted flow is att

DGEMENTS

Lidar complex”try for Econo

he German Bu

S and Bange, J.:

for Wind Energy-11-55-2014, 201

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

EscarpUsing

Bange#

gen

at the test-site in

in different reand wind dire

ng land-use aain. As a fligho MASCs are o

ring the vertihe escarpmenvertical racet

ownstream, inparation, and rnts will be use area. Prelimwill be present

CLUSION

ction and meaow over the e, lower horizto the escarptenuated, can

” and “KonTeomic Affairs aundestag.

MASC - A smy Research., Adv14.

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

pment g Sma

n Schnittlingen

egimes of therections, as weand thus sur

ht strategy on doperated

cal profile ofnt, while the orack grid dire

n order to dereattachment.sed to initiate minary resultted.

n horizontal wescarpment v

zontal wind sppment, where

be identified.

est” are fundeand Energy ba

mall Remotely Pi. Sci. Res., 11, 5

rope 2015

many er 46

all

rmal ell as rface days

f the other ectly etect

and s of

wind vary. peed,

the

d by ased

iloted 55-61,

92

C

K

Wihavturbthewin

Thiopequafrom Wisamdet

OCharac

Keywords – F

nd turbines ve put lifetimbine allows turbine andnd turbine.

is project exerational fatiantities to bem simulated

nd turbine sme values oftermine whet

Operaticterist

Fatigue, LiDA

are huge finme extensionfor predictiv

d its compone

xplores the pigue damagee measured d data.

simulations if mean windther wind wi

ional Ftics fo

Wi

AR, GH Blad

nancial assetn high on thve schedulingents. These f

possibility ofe to a wind during operat

n GH Bladed speed, turbth the above

Fatiguor Win

Edward Hind and Marin

1Edwa2D.M

ded

A

s exposed toheir agendas.g of maintenfactors will p

f using meanturbine’s towtion, leading

ed are condubulence inten

parameters

ue Calnd Tur

Hart1, David ne CDT, Unive

Glasgoward.Hart@strath

Mcmillan@strath

ABSTRAC

o very extrem. Accuratelynance and repplay a key ro

an wind speewer and blad

g to the possi

ucted for winnsity and shein common r

11th EAWE

lculatirbine T

MacMillan2

ersity of Strath

h.ac.uk

h.ac.uk

CT

me conditiony determiningpairs, as welole in any at

ed, turbulencdes. LiDAR ibility of a lo

nd files geneear profile. Fresults in sim

PhD Semina

on froTower hclyde

ns; as a resug the fatiguell as the predttempt to ext

ce intensity atechnology

ookup table a

erated from dFatigue damamilar values o

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

om Wir and B

ult of this, ute damage acdiction of retend the oper

and shear prmakes it po

approach to

different seeage analysisof fatigue da

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

ind Blade

tility companccumulated bemaining liferational life

rofile to preossible for thfatigue dama

ds, but with is then used

amage.

rope 2015

many er 47

s

nies by a e for of a

edict hese age,

the d to

93

I

mot Tt

I. INTRODU

Renewaand wind enthesis is to existing elecsystem usingfunctions whsystem (suppassociated representing a

Figure1. W

Field bbetween manwireless technand will also between fixedmust respectsystem.

The promechanical sobtained via transferred bet

The rotating pthermal variati

UCTION

able energies nergy even machieve a te

ctromechanicag wireless techile freeing tpression of co

lubrication a significant p

Wired Signal T

buses made cn and machinologies will reduce the co

d and mobile t the workin

oject is part oystems. In ta wire commtween a stator

part is subjecions in a rang

EA

are at the cenmore. The ma

chnological lal system wchnology thatthe constrainontact and pr

and annupart of the sys

Transfer Syste

communicatioine simple. Tmake the syst

ost of implemeparts). Howe

ng parameter

of electric trathis thesis wmunication br to a rotor of

ct to mechanie from - 40°C

SamplAWE P

yacine.bo

Université P

MERS

Djerome

Dvalery

Université P

Dolivier

MERSE

nter of discusain purpose oleap to replac

with an embeensures the

nts of the orrecious metalual maintentem’s cost).

em (MERSEN

on and interfThe integratiotems more fleentation (no wver this integr

rs of the ex

ansfers in comwe focus on us that shoua wind turbine

ical vibrationC to +100°C.

le AbstPhD Sem

Yacine Bouanouanba@etud.u-

Picardie Jules

SEN Amiens F

Dr. Jérôme Due.dubois@u-pic

Dr. Valéry Bo.bourny@u-pic

Picardie Jules

Dr. Olivier Berr.bernard@mersEN Amiens FR

ssions of the ce an edded same

riginal s, the nance

N)

facing on of

exible, wiring ration

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mplex data

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ns and

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sedanusycoexofex

aufiesyththco

III.

e

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11th EAWE

tract fominar 2nba -picardie.fr

s Verne-INSSE

FRANCE

ubois cardie.fr

urny cardie.fr

s Verne-INSSE

rnard sen.com RANCE

OBJECTIV

The objeelf-configurablata between aumber and theystem. For thisommunicationxisting wired sf useful informxchanged.

Figure2. Em

The systutomatically deld buses connystem are: to rat incorporatee operating

onfiguration sy

PROSPECT

The mainethernet 1GBp

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Optical and Ranalysis of trdiagnose tool.

PhD Semina

r 2015

ET

ET

VES

ective is to inle system to aa fixed and type of conne

s purpose it mprotocols. F

system, it needmation to red

mbedded system

em must be detecting the pnected to the ireduce the fai

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TS

n Scientific hups channel us

st important RF solutions,racks in real t.

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

integrate intelallow wireless a moving paected buses to

must consider For a better ind to optimize

duce the volu

m using wirel

capable of spresence, numinput. The ob

ailure risks, bygnostic system

ation costs d

urdle to unlocsing wirless co

directions to , we will addtime and thu

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

lligence withtransmission

art regardless o the input of tthe constraint

ntegration intothe encapsula

ume of data to

less technolog

self-diagnosember and typbjectives of suy using a prom, and to decrdue to the

k is to transfeommunication

explore willd also a tools creating a

rope 2015

many er 48

in a of the

the ts of o an ation o be

gy

and pe of uch a duct

rease auto

er an n.

l be l for self-

94

K

Die

Thethe chairrePolpotvary

•

discproof abe Ma

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•

Poldiel

2Indu

Keywords –electric Mode

e aim of this pderivative o

arging sequencegular sea statyWEC devicentially maximying sea state

• Model continuous anper time-doma frequency dotime consum

atlab/Simulink• Model ymer with reut sinusoidal f• Design quence and lim• Combindel and test op• Test the

I

yWEC deviclectric elasto

DerivHe

Roy

ustrial Contro3In

– PolyWECelling

I. AB

project is to inof the motionce for a dielete. The aim ise outside of mise the ener.

II. OBJECTIV

the WEC dend therefore

main model of omain model.

ming and so k time-domain

the changingespect to varyforce variation

the contromits, voltages ane the controperation. e model for an

II. ADDITIONA

es operate byomer (DE).

vativeeaving

Ben M1 CDT Wind

yal College Bu

ol Centre, Dep

nstitute for Ene

C, Control,

BSTRACT

nvestigate the pn of a buoy ctric polymers to expand th

ideal sinusoirgy productio

VES AND TASK

evice. The Pnonlinear. Ta buoy will b ConstructingDavid Foreh

n model of a hg capacitanceying physical n.

ol strategy and material sol strategy w

n irregular inpu

AL INFORMATI

y the varyingWhen a D

Actiog Buo

McGilton#1, Wd and Marine E

uilding, room 31ben.m

partment of El

ergy Systems,

Heaving B

possibility of to determin

r PTO device he operation oidal waves an

on available o

KS

PTO force wThis means te necessary ing such a modeand will supeaving buoy.

e of the dielparameters f

including cstress limits.

with the Poly

ut.

ION

g capacitanceDE expands

on Chay, Pol

W E LeitheadEnergy System

3.15, 204 Geo

mcgilton@str

lectronic and E

School of Ed

Buoy,

using ne the

in an of the

and to over a

will be that a nstead el will pply a

lectric for an

charge

yWEC

e of a s, its

capac

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In

has binterv

Asdisplexpeassumthe wminim

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wher

woulthrouappliexam

R[1] Phand EGenerVol.16

11th EAWE

arge ClyWEC

d#2, David Foms, University

orge Street, G

ath.ac.uk

Electrical Eng

dinburgh, Univ

citance, C, in

ged when expn contracted, tenergy genera

0.5

n previous Polybeen controllvals. ssuming a hlacement, z, rience a 0 pming a sinusowave crests amum capacitais the objectiv

re the chargin

ld theoreticalugh a varyingication in an

mined.

REFERENCES han Cong Binh, DExperimental Inrator, Intenaional6, No. 5, 2015

PhD Semina

ControC Dev

orehand*3 y of Strathclyd

lasgow G1 1X

gineering, Un

versity of Edin

ncreases (aspanded and ththe voltage, Vated is then:

yWEC designled through p

eaving buoy depending onoint of the doidal force. Tand troughs aance of the DEve of this proj

g and dischar

lly allow fog amplitude ann irregular or

Doan, Ngoc Chi nvestigation on l Journal of Prec

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

ol for avice

de.

XW, UK

iversity of Str

nburgh

)

hen kept at thVout, will incre

ns the charginpressure sens

device whicn the wave adisplacement These points wand thus to thE respectivelyject to design

rging is determ

or optimal ennd phase sinur random sea

i Nam, Kyoung KDielectric Ele

cision Engineerin

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

a

rathclyde

[1]. If the D

he same chargease (as Q = C

(1)

g and dischargors and set t

ch experienceamplitude, it

w/r/t time twwill be relatehe maximum

y. a control stra

mined by . T

nergy harvesusoid and thena state could

Kwan Ahn, Modectro-Active Polng and Manufact

rope 2015

many er 49

E is

ge Q CV).

ging time

es a will

wice ed to

and

ategy

This

sting n its d be

deling lymer turing

95

K

stu

Tan inteof wnumhasdayThubendiffThiWEand

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a hPerthe extedammotforcthe

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Keywords – Wdy, heaving b

The Wave Eninternationall

erested in the wave energy merical or phy annual one-d

y meeting waursday 16th Anchmarking stferent array mis test case coECs which wod radiated wav

The WEC to bemispherical

rAWaT [2] procylinder is c

ernal force inmper, which tion of the cylce should be tpower captur

The simple timated exploitin

EC Ar

Wave energybuoy

I. AB

nergy Convertly leading gr

hydrodynamconverters. T

ysical (i.e. in wday meetings aas held in Q

April. As parttudy was prop

modelling toolonsisted of twould interact wves that they p

be modelled iend, as was uojects. To simconstrained ton the heave applies a co

linder. In eachthe same for bre of the isolatme domain mg the Cummin

rray M

#Wind and M

Royal Coll

*InstiAlrick Buildin

y converter a

BSTRACT

ter Array Netwouping of re

mic modelling his modelling

wave tanks). Tand this year tQueen’s Univt of this meetposed to comls applied to awo closely-spawith each otheproduce.

s an axisymmused in the W

mplify the anao move in hdirection is

onstant force h sea-state theboth WECs anted WEC.

model used forns’ equation [

Model

G. Zo

Marine Energ

ege Building, 1giorg

itute for Energng, King's Build

2D.F

array, benchm

work (WECAsearchers whof arrays or

g can be analyThe WECAN gthe 8th annualversity Belfaing, a compa

mpare the resua specific testaced heaving r due the diffr

metric cylinderWECwakes [1alysis the motieave and thedue to a cou

that opposee coulomb damnd set to max

r the benchm3] in the form

lling B

orzi #1, D. For

gy Systems CD

204 George Sgio.zorzi@strath

gy Systems, Udings, West Ma

Forehand@ed.a

mark

AN) is ho are farms ytical, group l one-

ast on arative ults of t case.

buoy racted

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sea-s Th

studythe compcompappli

R

[1]

[2]

[3]

11th EAWE

Bench

rehand *2

DT, University

Street, Glasgoh.ac.uk

University of Edains Road, Edinb

ac.uk

∙

erformances ostates using a m

he aim of they using a numresults of thputational effpared againstied to this prob

REFERENCES

V. StratigakiFolley, M. BExperiments Interactions bthe Sea and tFeb. 2014.

M. Folley anWave EnergyRenewable E

W. E. CummMotions,” Sc

PhD Semina

hmark

y of Strathclyd

ow, G1 1XW

dinburgh burgh EH9 3JL

∙

of the WEC armodel develop

e project is tmerical modelhis project, tficiency of tht those of oblem.

, P. Troch, T. Staenoit, A. Babarit,with Large Wave

between the Convhe Coastal Area,”

d T. Whittaker, “y Converter Array

Energy, 2013, p. V

mins, “The Impulschiffstechnik, vol.

ar on Wind E23-25

Stu

king S

de

L

∙

rray are calcuped in Matlab

to perform thl of the abovthe suitabilithe numerical other compu

allard, D. Forehant, and J. Kirkegaave Energy Conververters and Effec” Energies, vol. 7

“Preliminary Crosay Interactions,” iV008T09A055.

se Response Func. 9, no. 1661, pp.

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

Study

∙

lated for diffeb and Simulink

his benchmarkve equation. Fy, accuracy

method willutational meth

nd, J. Kofoed, M.rd, “Wave Basin

rter Arrays to Stuts on Other Users7, no. 2, pp. 701–

ss-Validation of n Volume 8: Oce

ction and Ship 101–109, 1962.

rope 2015

many er 50

(1)

erent k.

king From

and l be hods

dy s in

–734,

an

96

CW

K

me T

nonmetonlyby no Gentechbe failthe submor

Sthe torqHowsento alostequbee14%are duewhiprotrac

Aenvthe in scurrgenprois a

FWTfouthe spe

CondiWind

1,2Centre for

Keywords –chanical failu

The work repn-intrusive conthods for winy the electricathe control anadditional sennerator outpuhniques have adopted by thures in the ge

drive train. bassemblies byre challenging

Several methomost promin

que, acoustic wever, each

nsors or speciaaccess each Wt revenue duuipment instalen demonstrat% of the total

turned off ane to the wronich are used ven as a viab

cking of electr

A WT modvironment. Va

fault types sustator windingrent signals w

nerator is invcessing algor

applied to extr

Figure 1a givT. It can be und near the fu

power spectructrum of W

ition Turbi

r Renewable

– Condition ures, signal p

orted here is ndition monitd turbines (Wal measuremend protection nsors or data ut signals-bagreat econom

he wind energenerator, gearb

However, dy the analysisg.

I. INTRO

ods for WT Cent techniqueemission, fib

technique reqalized tools. MWT in order tue to the pllation and mted that senso failures in W

nd contribute ng informatiofor CM. Genble CM methrical faults in t

II. AP

del is built arious fault such as breakings are studied, which measuvestigated to

rithm based onract the amplit

III. R

es the power easily observ

fundamental frrum indicates

WT under m

Moniines U

e Energy SystLoughbo

1R.Ibr

monitoring,processing, ele

concerned intoring (CM) a

WTs). The propents that have systems of Wacquisition d

ased CM anmic benefits agy industry tobox or indeeddetecting fauls of potential f

ODUCTION

CM have evols are vibrationbre optic, andquires additioMoreover, therto install the ower outage

maintenance. For failures con

WTs [1]. In sudowntime ev

on collected fnerator output hod for the ethe generators

PPROACH

using the Mscenarios thatng in gear teeth

and then the ured from theo detect the n Fast Fourietude of fault fr

RESULTS

spectrum of ved that no srequency in ththat WT is fre

mechanical an

itoringUsingRaed Khalaf

tems Technorough Unive

rahim@lboro

, wind turbectrical gener

developing oand fault deteposed methodalready been

WTs; meaningdevices are nend fault deteand the potent detect mecha

d other elemenlts in these fault frequenc

lved over timn, oil, temperd electrical ouonal and expere is a price tsensors, as ws associated

Furthermore, intribute more

uch cases, the ven at simple from those se

signals haveearly detections [2].

MATLAB/Simt involve chanh and short cipossibility of e terminals o

faults. A sr Transform (requencies.

FFT for a heideband frequhe spectrum. ee from faults

nd electrical

(b

(c

(a

g andg Gen

f Ibrahim1, S

ology, Schoolersity, LE11 3

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bines, rator

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ensive to pay

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amental freqcation of the p

Fig. 1 FFT ana (b) me

imulation resals have charahanical and eact properly thuencies. FurthT drive trainratory.

eferences J. Ribrant and Lwith focus on swEngineering So2007. J. P. Barton andcondition monitGeneration, vol.

0

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trum

0

0.002

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XY

X: 44.07Y: 0.02955

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trum

0

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0.03

0.035

0.04

X: 15.14Y: 0.04448

X: 19.9Y: 0.02841

X: 24.29Y: 0.020

X: 3Y: 0

PhD Semina

ult Dr Out

on 2

ic, Electricald Kingdom

oro.ac.uk

own in Figure early indicateuency. Theseresence of fau

alysis of statorechanical faul

IV. CONC

ults have shacteristic freqelectrical faulhe features relher work will bn test rig to i

L. Bertling, “Survwedish wind powciety General M

d S. J. Watson, “toring of a small 7, no. 4, pp. 341

50 10

X: 49.95Y: 0.01659

100 150 200

: 54.2: 0.02667

X: 59.69Y: 0.0192

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hown that thquencies that lt. Moreover,lated with chabe validated einvestigate C

vey of failures inwer plants during Meeting, 2007. IE

“Analysis of elecwind turbine,” I

1–349, 2013.

Frequency (Hz)100 150

Frequency (Hz)00 250 300

Frequency (Hz)150 200

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

osis oSigna

ms Engineerin

re 1c respectivcomponents components

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he stator curgive evidenc FFT is usedaracteristic deexperimentallyM signals in

n wind power sys1997-2005,” in PEEE, pp. 1–8, I

ctrical power datET Renewable P

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he MHiL apprn and experimnt project. Thher and adapt

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ACKNOWLEDG

his research isnomic Affairs

REFERENCES Helmedag, A., Jacobs, G., Monware in the looMagazine, vol. 1Jassmann, U., RInertia Emulatio19th IFAC WorldJassmann, U., Hcy Emulation fIEEE Internatio(AIM), 2015

PhD Semina

e LoopTest B

rk Abel#*

University

many

University

2: HiL Concept o

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mprises the aeency emulatioe wind loads btch and yaw dynamic torquor so as to repvior adequate [2]. Furtherm

towards an ina state feedba

uency of the c

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roach has beementally on a e aim of the cit to the new

unted and run L concept.

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s funded by thand Energy (B

Isermann, T., Jnti, A., „Testing nop test bench“, IE17, pp. 26-33, 20Reiter, M., Abel, on at Wind Turbid Congress, pp. 1

Hakenberg, M., “Afor Full-Scale Wnal Conference o

ar on Wind E23-25

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ND FUTURE W

en proved corrsmaller similcurrent projectest bench. F

n in all operat

he German FeBMWi).

Jassmann, U., Rnacelles of windEEE Instrumenta14 D., „An Innovat

ine Test Benches10107-10112, 201An Extended Iner

Wind Turbine Naon Advanced Int

Energy in EurSeptember 2

uttgart, GermPoste

mulatioh

st Bench

CY EMULATION

imulation andodynamic simgiven wind spinertia emulartia-related torriginal drive t

nt an unstable ure inertia emdamper systemo that the first m are also re

WORK

rect both in silar test bench ct is to develo

Finally, a 2.7 Mtion condition

ederal Ministr

Radner, D., Abeld turbines with a ation & Measure

tive Method for Rs“, Proceedings o14 rtia and Eigenfreqacelle Test Benctelligent Mechatr

rope 2015

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on

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d the mula-peed ation rque train WT

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Keywords – ult detection.

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commerciallyrequired for mticularly lengtperformed in fThe Universityck to back, wiformed usingrmocouples foctrum, pickinluence of the tadded to the ro

REFERENCES Yang, W., TavWind Energy CFaulstich, S., H337, 2011.

M

wind turbine

cost of energneration. Currresult conditioility and reducy available comeaningful outhy downtimefavourable wey of Strathclyith a mechani

g a National for temperaturng out gear mtorque loadingotating compo

vner, P. J., CrabtrConference, MarHahn, B., Tavner

VMulti-S

Wind & M

Roya

e, gearbox, c

gy is a key irently in the on monitoringce operation aondition monitutput [1]. Stues due to comeather conditioyde’s gearbox ical loop to cInstruments Cre measureme

meshing frequeg and the oil tonents and the

ree, C. J., “An Intrseille, France, 20r, P. J., “Wind Tu

VibratioStage E

OwainMarine Energy

al College Buiowain

condition mo

ssue if wind UK there is

g of wind turband maintenantoring system

udies of windmplex logistica

ons. Commoncondition mo

circulate poweCompactRIO,ent. The mainencies, whichtemperature one acceleromete

telligent Approac009. urbine Downtime

on AnEpicycn Roberts, My Systems CDT

ilding, 204 Gen.roberts@strath

onitoring, tor

power is to a trend towar

bines is an incnce costs. Con

ms are limited d turbine reliaal and technicn gearbox failuonitoring test rer, and is cap, which has fn analysis of h will vary win the vibrationers will be mo

ch to the Conditio

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11th EAWE

nalysisclic G

Max Parker T, University o

eorge Street, Gh.ac.uk

rque loading,

become a mards bigger macreasingly impndition-based by the time cability show cal repair procures include torig consists of

pable of loop four high-banthe captured

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on Monitoring of

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PhD Semina

s of Gearbo

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, vibration an

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cedures [2]. Oooth wear andf two 3-stage powers up to

ndwidth acceldata will inv

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Large Scale Win

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Energy in EurSeptember 2

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uency spectr

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100

University of Stuttgart (Vaihingen)

1. PhD Seminar, Pfaffenwaldring 472. Lunch, Universitätsstraße 343. Cafeteria

Stairways to S-Bahn station „Universität“

University of Stuttgart (Vaihingen)

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1

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1

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