book of groundwater

8/3/2019 Book of Groundwater

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Sustainable Groundwater

Management

Action and Implementation Strategiesfor Uttar Pradesh

EditorsR N Bhargava

R S Sinha

V Dutta


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Ranjeet Sen Gupta, Executive Engineer, U. P. Water Management & Regu-latory Commission, UP.

S. K. Sharma, Former Member, Central Ground Water Board & PresentlyConsultant (Groundwater), Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India.

Suhas P. Wani, International Crops Research institute for the Semi Arid Trop-ics (ICRISAT), Patancheru PO., Andhra Pradesh.

Venkatesh Dutta, Assistant Professor, School for Environmental Sciences,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP.

Vivek Singh Chauhan, Research Scholar, Center for Environmental Sciencesand Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP

CONTENTS

1. Editorial Summary R N Bhargav, R S Sinha, V Dutta

2. Groundwater Management in Uttar Pradesh: Recommendations andStrategies for ActionSWARA

3. Strategies for Groundwater Management in State of UP

S K Sharma

4. Groundwater Management in Uttar Pradesh: Present Scenario andEmerging ChallengesR S Sinha

5. Legislative Governance for Groundwater Regulation in UPRanjeet Sen Gupta

6. A Critical Assessment of the Proposed U.P. Groundwater Bill 2010and its Implementation StrategiesVenkatesh Dutta

7. Groundwater Regulation: Towards a new Framework (with SpecialReference to Uttar Pradesh)Philippe Cullet

8. Groundwater Management : The Crit ical issue dealing withNormative Concerns of Equity and Sustainability in WatershedDevelopment in India

Eshwar Kale

9. Today's Groundwater Issues: Technical vs. AdministrativeB B Trivedi

10. Sustainable Groundwater Development through Integrated

Watershed Management for Food SecuritySuhas P Wani, Raghavendra Sudi and P Pathak

11. Emerging Scenario of Depleting Urban Groundwater in U.P. with


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Groundwater Management in UttarPradesh: Recommendations and Strategiesfor Action

SWARA Resolution, STATE WATER RESOURCES AGENCY,U.P.

ABSTRACT

The haphazard development of groundwater in the state of U.P. has led toover-exploitation resulting into depletion of groundwater regime andscarcity in resource availability, while due to improper irrigation practicesin canal commands, problem of rising water levels and water logging hasemerged in some areas of the state, whereas deterioration of groundwaterquality is also an issue of concern. Because of such situations, the issues ofGroundwater Management and its Governance have come to the forefront.

Unless, appropriate groundwater management policy and efficient strategies,(supported by suitable regulation and, economic and administrative systems)are brought into implementation, groundwater related problems willcontinue to rise in the state. This paper envisages diversifiedrecommendations and suggestions covering almost all the issues related togroundwater management and its governance and focusing, in particular,the future management needs for the state of U.P. As the state is presentlyfacing set of multiple problems, this is the high time that we should now actseriously to manage our stressed resource, both in terms of quality andquantity. The efficient implementation of suggested recommendations andstrategies may hopefully change and improve the present groundwaterscenario, which is quite alarming. In the background, it is relevant to mentionthat though groundwater resource has attained a vital position in the overallwater-resource development plans and programmes of the state, on the otherside, it is also important to mention that groundwater is one of the mostneglected, unregulated, indiscriminately exploited and non-conjunctivelyutilized natural resource in the state.

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This paper was prepared by R.S. Sinha, Groundwater Expert, SWARA, UP


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can be provide specific directives on ground water remediation and aug-


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can be provide specific directives on ground water remediation and aug-mentation measures.9. Consider setting up of ``Ground Water Citizen Advisory Commit-tee'' particularly with regard to Health aspects of ground water manage-ment. Increase surveillance over nitrate, pesticides, Arsenic and fluoride richground water areas.10. Educate water operators, water stakeholders rural and urban home

owners and institutions regarding ground water impacts from landscape prac-tices.11. Evolve policy to use deeper ground water resource based upon con-cept of `Usable Ground Water Storage'', which is present in enormous quan-tity in Central Ganga Basin of the State. Developing usable ground waterstorage to a depth of 300 m would be good measure.12. Management strategy components are considered essential and theseincludes:? Designating ground water management areas and defining targetsustainable water yields.? Establishing ground water conservation districts and Aquifer Man-agement committees.? Institutional strengthening? Programme to address/prevent ground water pollution and con-tamination to aquifers.? Provide Community Education.

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Groundwater Management in UttarPradesh: Present Scenario and EmergingChallenges

R. S. Sinha

ABSTRACTGroundwater resource is a distinguished and vital hidden component ofthe hydrologic cycle and therefore scientific approach is needed for itscomprehensive understanding. Leonardo de Vinci has rightly envisionedthis invisible natural resource as The greatest river of the earth flowsunderground, which signifies the magnitude of groundwater resource andits availability as well as the importance the planners must envisage for itssustainable development and protection of stressed aquifers. But, the major

challenge is the proper understanding of the dynamics of groundwater flowunder different hydrogeological conditions both in space and time, with aview to manage the resource more sustainably for maintaining the futurewater supplies and also the demands of agriculture, domestic and industrysectors. Therefore, the issues of groundwater management and itsgovernance have come to the forefront.

In Uttar Pradesh, groundwater, being a dynamic, more dependableand assured natural resource which can be exploited with ease and greaterflexibility, has attained a vital position in overall water resource development

plans and programmes of the state, but in the process of unregulatedabstraction and development, the increasing groundwater crisis has becomean issue of management concern. The groundwater scenario in the state hassignificantly changed over the last three decades and various criticalsituations have also emerged related to groundwater quality and quantity.With the mindset that the state of U.P., extending largely over the Gangabasin, is endowed with richest repository of groundwater resource and alsocomprising the largest aquifer systems in the world, the resource has beenindiscriminately exploited in both urban and rural segments without

thinking that this may have adverse impact on the sustainability of theresource. The impact is that a glaring imbalance between recharge anddischarge of groundwater has occurred within the shallow dynamic zone,

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NCR PART OF UTTAR PRADESH

The National Capital Region (Meerut , Ghaziabad & Bulandsahar) of UttarPradesh was scanned for identifying the superior aquifers which can remain


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Pradesh was scanned for identifying the superior aquifers which can remainsustainable for all the foreseeable years to come to augment drinking waterneeds of Delhi. Nearly 40 geophysical logs in the area were correlated toevaluate the 4 tier aquifer system . It was found that an area measuring 1000km2 surrounding Hastinapur (Meerutdist.) encompassingBabugarh,ShatabdiNagar,Macchara,GangaNagar,Lawad Khas & Hastinapurunderlies prolific aquifers down to 300 m bgl .Even 50 tubewells of 300 mdepth under standard inter-spacing norms can yield 300 MLD water, whileDelhi itself is able to augment 500 MLD from groundwater , against around4000 MLD requirement.This area was recommended for development in the depth interval 100 to300 m bgl to furnish 300 MLD water for Delhi.

MATHURAThe area lying between Yamuna river and 1500 ohm-m 2 contour underliesfresh quality groundwater down to bedrock , occurring minimum down to150 and maximum down to 234 m bgl. This total tract measures 6 sq. kms inarea and on an average, underlies 150 m thick fresh water column. The areais getting recharged from the adjoining Yamuna river , which carries fullstream of water at least for one to two months in a year.As per conservative estimates , keeping a modest specific yield of 10% in

view of fine sediments , the 6 sq. kms area is computed to house 72 MCMfresh water. Out of this the safely exploitable resource comes out to be 50MCM. For 20 lacs projected population of Mathura city the net drinking

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