bookix-cutlip.fm page 709 thursday, august 16, 2007 8:54...

709

I N D E X

A

Acentric factor, 39, 249, 264Activation energy, 94, 423, 424, 472, 473,

519, 626determination in a batch reactor using

half-life method, 471Active catalyst boundary condition for mass

transfer, 419Adiabatic flame temperature, 46Adiabatic reactor, 512Advanced techniques in problem solving,

203– 242estimating model parameters involving

ODEs using fermentation data, 235

expediting the solution of systems of nonlinear algrbraic equations, 223

iterative solution of an ODE boundary value problem, 209

method of lines for partial differential equations, 229

multiple steady states in a system of ordinary differential equations, 207

shooting method for solving two-point boundary value problems, 218

solution of stiff ordinary differential equations, 203

solving differential algebraic equations (DAEs), 226

stiff ordinary differential equations in chemical kinetics, 206

Air-to-fuel ratio in combustion, 47Anaerobic digester, 663, 668Annulus fluid flow, 294Antoine equation, 36, 41, 45, 57, 95, 268

linearization, 37linearized form, 96multiple linear regression with

Excel, 95nonlinear regression, 58, 61

Arrhenius equation, 94, 423, 472, 510alternate form, 94

Arrhenius number, 423

B

Baseball trajectories as a function of elevation, 322

BookIX-Cutlip.fm Page 709 Thursday, August 16, 2007 8:54 AM

710 INDEX

Basic principles and calculations, 15–56(See also Table I-1 on page 720)

Batch distillation, 559dynamics, 563

Batch reactor, 203, 206, 465, 467, 468, 470, 471, 474, 496, 498, 519, 617, 622, 626, 628, 638

enzymatic reaction, 496heated, 502material and energy balances, 502

Binary activity coefficients, 81, 86, 272Bingham fluid, 291Biochemical engineering, 617– 672

(See also Table I-9 on page 727)Black body, 209Book web site information, 12Boundary layer

stream function, 329thickness, 329

Boundary layer velocity profiles, 325Bubble point, 227

ideal binary mixture, 41, 523ideal multicomponent mixture, 45,

267, 271nonideal binary mixture, 527, 535, 541,

551, 558nonideal multicomponent mixture, 544

Bubble point from binary azeotropic data, 542

Bubble point of an ideal binary mixture, 523Buckingham method for dimensional

analysis, 73

C

Calculation of molar volume and specific volume, 257

Catalyst activity decay, 488Catalyst activity, 514Catalyst deactivation

coking, 491packed bed reactor, 488poisoning, 492sintering, 492

straight-through reactor, 491Catalyst particles

diffusion with heat transfer and reaction, 423

diffusion with reaction, 400Catalytic activity, 491Categorizing problems requiring numerical

solutions, 5Chemical equilibrium calculations, 144, 195,

223, 280Chemical reaction engineering, 445– 521

(See also Table I-6 on page 723)Clapeyron equation, 25, 26, 29, 33, 36Comparison of reaction rate models, 90Comparison of variances, 75Compressibility factor, 15, 19, 243, 248,

255, 265Excel calculation, 101MATLAB calculation, 153

Conductionin a triangular fin subject to convection

from the surface, 355in a wire with electrical heat source and

insulation, 338in radial direction for pipe flange with

convective losses, 347through one-dimensional multilayered

wall, 333unsteady-state in a semi-infinite

slab, 370unsteady-state within a solid in two

dimensions, 378unsteady-state within a solid sphere in

a water bath, 373with convection and radiation

losses, 353Confidence intervals, 57, 61, 63, 75, 87Consistency testing for activity

coefficients, 274Control Station, 615Controlled drug delivery, 396Convective heat transfer

between solids and fluids, 333


INDEX 711

Convective heat transfer (Cont.)convection from surface to ambient

air, 353due to natural convention, 365forced, 366from sphere to water bath, 376from triangular fin, 355from uninsulated tank, 365from vertical plane, 335from wire surface, 339natural convention, 366

Convective mass transfer, 389Correlation

thermodynamic and physical property data, 72

Correlationsbinary activity coefficients using the

Margules equations, 81, 86change in reaction rate constant with

temperature, 94heat capacity, 62heat transfer data using dimensionless

groups, 79, 80latent heat of vaporization, 62, 70thermal conductivity, 62, 64vapor pressure by Clapeyron and

Antoine equations, 36vapor pressure data, 25vapor pressures for sulfur compounds in

petroleum, 33viscosity, 62, 67

Critical values for selected substances, 249Critically damped system, 568CSTR, 574

biochemical chemostat, 626, 640predator-prey dynamics, 647two stages, 652

bioreactor, 635cooled with exothermic reaction, 504dynamic modeling of chemostat, 643dynamics and stability, 574enzymatic reactor, 628

multiple steady states, 507, 574optimal conversion, 513rate data analysis, 476reactors in series, 462, 488

approximating fluidized bed reactor, 516

temperature control and start up, 604use in modeling catalytic packed bed re-

actor with catalyst deactiva-tion, 488

well-mixed fermenter, 660Cubic spline, 35

D

DAE problem, 319 (See also Differential algebraic equations)

Dead time in process control, 576, 586, 593, 596

Density, temperature dependency of water and various liquids, 297

Determination of reaction order, 470Deviation variables in process control,

580, 613Dew point

for an ideal binary mixture, 44for an ideal multicomponent mixture,

45, 267Differential algebraic equations (DAEs), 8,

11, 226, 317, 319, 320Differential method of rate data

analysis, 465Differential rate data analysis for a

plug-flow reactor, 477Differentiation of tabular data, 465, 474,

477, 479Diffusion

approximating multicomponent with binary, 413

binary, A through stagnant B, 383, 391in isothermal catalyst particles with

reaction, 400in spherical immobilized enzyme

particles, 630multicomponent, gases, 413, 418


712 INDEX

Diffusion (Cont.)multicomponent, gases in a porous

layer, 419Stefan tube, 383Stefan-Maxwell equations, 414unsteady-state, with reaction in a

semi- infinite slab, 434unsteady-state, within a slab, 428with concurrent reaction of A and B in

liquid film, 422with first-order reaction, 218with first-order reaction in a slab,

analytical solution, 218with first-order reaction in a slab,

cylinder, and sphere, 404with multiple reactions in catalyst

particles, 514with reaction in fall laminar liquid film

of finite thickness, 438with reaction in spherical enzyme

particles, 630with reversible reaction in a catalytic

layer, 406with second order reaction in finite

liquid film, 421Diffusivity

binary, 385, 414effect of temperature, 386effective, 406for porous materials, 400, 631molecular, 384thermal, 229, 378

Dilatant fluid, 289, 295Dissolution of pill coating, 396Distillation column, 544, 551, 558Dittus-Boelter correlation, 362Drag coefficient, 323Drag coefficient on a spherical particle at

terminal velocity, 299Draining time for a tank

laminar flow, 320turbulent flow, 317

E

Effect of round-off errors in ill-conditioned algebraic and differential systems, 207

Effective diffusivity, 514for catalyst particle, 400for porous catalyst layer, 407for porous layer, 419for substrate in an enzymatic

reaction, 630Effective emissivity, 353Effectiveness factor

catalytic layer, 410enzyme catalyst on porous support, 630general calculation for first-order

reactions, 404nonisothermal, 425, 427porous catalyst particles with various

geometries, 400similarity of solutions for first-order

reactions, 404Elemental balances used in equilibrium

calculations, 281Elementary steps in enzymatic reaction, 496Endothermic reaction, 122, 502Energy balance, 46, 122, 230, 334, 338, 342,

348, 349, 353, 354, 355, 357, 369, 376, 424, 506

batch reactor, 502control, 575, 586, 610distillation, 551, 552, 558fermenter, 610flash evaporator, 525heat exchanger, 361, 363lumped unsteady-state, 374mechanica, 110, 165, 307, 308, 315,

317, 318, 320packed bed catalytic reactor, 511series of heated tanks, 54steady-state, 209unsteady-state, 53, 207

Enthalpy estimation, 523


INDEX 713

Enzymatic reaction, 496Enzyme

catalyst, 496, 617, 626, 628effectiveness factor, 632supported, 630

complex with substrate, 618degradation, 628immobilized, 630inhibition, 623kinetics, 626, 628, 638

modeling inhibition, 622Michaelis-Menten kinetics, 622temperature deactivation, 626, 628

Enzyme kinetics,Lineweaver-Burk linearized

expression, 622Lineweaver-Burk plot, 622

Equation of stateBeattie-Bridgeman, 38, 248Peng-Robinson, 38, 248, 264Redlich-Kwong, 19, 101, 153, 251, 255,

258, 259, 263Soave-Redlich-Kwong, 38, 248van der Waals, 15, 38, 243, 263Virial, 248

Equilibrium calculations, expediting the solution, 223

Equilibrium constant, 88, 455, 458, 664variation with temperature, 280, 510

Error function, 326, 677, 678Excel detailed problem solving examples,

adiabatic operation of a tubular reactor for cracking of acetone, 119

calculation of the flow rate in a pipeline, 110

complex chemical equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization, 144

correlation of the physical properties of ethane, 128

molar volume and compressibility from Redlich-Kwong equation, 101

problem solving, 101– 152

Excel ten problem examples, 17, 18, 24, 32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

Excess Gibbs energy expression, 81, 272Exothermic reversible reaction, 509, 512Expediting the solution of nonlinear equa-

tions, 224

F

Fanning friction factor, 301, 303, 309, 310Fenske correlation, 544, 546, 550Fick’s law, 384, 407, 423, 437

neglecting bulk flow terms, 423Finite difference, 435

approximation formulas, 676implicit, 408second-order backward, 376, 408, 441second-order central, 435second-order forward, 409, 430,

437, 443First-order linear system, 565First-order plus dead-time model, 576,

593, 596Fitting a polynomial to rate data in a batch

reactor, 465, 474Flash evaporation, 267, 523Fluid mechanics, 283– 332

(See also Table I-3 on page 721)Fluidized bed reactor

dynamic model leading to multiple steady states, 207

Fourier’s law, 209, 333, 338, 356, 376, 424Free radicals, 499Friction factor correlations for turbulent

pipe flow, 301Fugacity coefficients

calculatio, 265from experimental data, 265

G

Gas absorptioninto a liquid film with chemical

reaction, 421


714 INDEX

unsteady-state, into a falling laminar liquid film of finite thickness, 438

Generalized enthalpy and entropy departure for ideal gas, 261

Gibbs-Duhem equation, 274Gilliland correlation, 544, 548, 550Growth of biomass from substrate, 203

H

Half-life method for rate data analysis, 471Heat capacity, 34

mean, 34Heat exchanger

cocurrent and countercurrent operation, 361

double-pipe, 361with convective heat transfer on tube

side, 357Heat of reaction, 424Heat source due to electrical current, 338Heat transfer, 333– 382

(See also Table I-4 on page 722)Heat transfer coefficient

for natural convection from a top surface under calm conditions, 365

for natural convection from surface of cylinder to air, 346

for natural convection from vertical side of cylinder, 366

for top and side of cylindrical tank, 366natural convection, 335, 339

I

Implicit finite difference, 408Initial rate method of data analysis, 470Integral control, 580, 586, 593, 604, 605,

609, 612Integral method in plug-flow reactor, 479Integral method of rate data analysis, 468

batch reactor, 467, 468plug-flow reactor, 479

Integral time, 582, 587, 593, 605, 613Integration of fitted polynomials, 34Integration of higher-order ordinary

differential equations, 219Internal model control (IMC) controller

tuning, 593Isothermal compression of gases, 251

L

l’Hôpital’s rule, 274, 276Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate, 328Latent heat of vaporization, 36Least-squares objective function, 26, 58Linear equations, 23Linear regression, 25, 33, 36, 73, 79, 80,

93, 94, 95, 272confidence intervals, 96detailed calculations, 95half-life data in a batch reactor, 471identification of possible dependency

among variables, 89rate data in a batch reactor, 465,

467, 468rate data in a catalytic reaction, 481rate data in a plug-flow reactor,

477, 479variance, 96

Linearizationcatalytic rate expression, 93, 483heat transfer correlation from

dimensional analysis, 74, 80nth order rate expression, 465

Linearization of nonlinear functions, 580Log mean area for heat transfer, 344Log mean temperature difference in heat

exchanger, 357Lumped analysis in heat transfer, 373

M

Maple ten problem examples, 17, 18, 24, 32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

Margules equations, 81, 86, 273


INDEX 715

Mass balances, 49Mass transfer, 383– 444

(See also Table I-5 on page 722)membrane reactor, 455surface boundary condition using mass

transfer coefficient, 430Mass transfer coefficient

change with velocity, 456dependent upon concentration, 389from surface of sphere, 393packed bed, 389to surface of slab, 435, 437

Material and energy balances for the unsteady-state model of a fluidized bed reactor, 207

Material and energy balances in combustion, 46

Material balance and phase equilibrium equations for a flash evaporator, 268

Material balances, 23unsteady-state, 49

MathCAD examples, 17, 18, 24, 32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

Mathematica ten problem examples, 17, 18, 24, 32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

MATLAB, problem solving 153–202MATLAB detailed problem solving

examplesadiabatic operation of a tubular reactor

for cracking of acetone, 173calculation of the flow rate in a

pipeline, 165complex chemical equilibrium by Gibbs

energy minimization, 195correlation of the physical properties of

ethane, 182molar volume and compressibility from

Redlich-Kwong equation, 153MATLAB ten problem examples, 17, 18, 24,

32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

Mechanical energy balance, 308, 315, 317

unsteady-state, 318MESH equations, 552Method of excess for rate data analysis in a

batch reactor, 474Method of false position, 209Method of lines, See numerical method

of linesMichaelis-Menten kinetics, 496Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic

reaction, 617, 622, 626, 630, 638Molar heat capacity, 46Molar volume, 15, 19, 38, 101, 153, 244,

251, 255, 259Monod equation, 638, 658

fitting parameters, 638Multiple steady states

exothermic reaction in a CSTR, 504method to determine, 507

N

Newton formula, 210Newton’s law, 284Newtonian fluid, 289, 291, 325

laminar flow down a vertical wall, 438Nonlinear regression, 57, 58, 73, 79, 80,

86, 87, 93, 94, 272identification of possible dependency

among variables, 93rate data for catalytic reaction, 481rate data in a batch reactor, 465, 467,

470, 474rate data in a CSTR, 476rate data in a plug-flow reactor, 477using linear regression results as initial

estimates, 70Non-Newtonian fluid

laminar flow in a horizontal pipe, 289laminar flow in annulus, 295

Numerical method of lines, 229, 325, 370, 373, 379

unsteady-state diffusion with reaction in a finite falling film, 439

BookIX-Cutlip.fm 15 Thursday, August 16, 2007 8:54 AM

716 INDEX

Numerical method of lines (Cont.)unsteady-state diffusion with reaction

in a semi infinite slab, 434unsteady-state diffusion within a finite

slab, 429Nusselt number, 73

O

Overall variance, 57, 61Overdamped system, 567

P

Packed bed mass transfer coefficient, 389Packed bed reactor modeled by series of

CSTRs, 488Packed bed reactor design, 485Pade approximation to dead time in

control, 586Partial differential equations, 229,

325, 328Particle Reynolds number, 393Phase equilibria and distillation, 523– 564

(See also Table I-7 on page 725)Photochemical reactions, 498Photolysis reactions, 498PI control, 580, 586, 593, 597, 604,

605, 612POLYMATH

avoiding division by zero, 286, 403change of variable to allow the

independent variable to decrease during the integration of ODEs, 252

conversion of a nonlinear equation to a differential equation for a continuous solution, 248

displaying values from current regres-sion, 74

intrinsic sign function, 500plotting results on same figure, 246purchasing educational version, 13 saving a variable value at a particular

condition, 324

POLYMATH (Cont.)use of logical variable, 46useful techniques for examining

multiple solutions of systems of simultaneous equations, 280

using the stiff algorithm, 203POLYMATH examples

Linear Equation Solver, 21, 24, 98Polynomial, Multiple Linear and Non-

linear Regression Program, 26, 82

Polynomial, Multiple Linear, and Non-linear Regression Program, 26, 275, 483, 540

Simultaneous Algebraic Equations Solver, 16, 40, 42, 48, 223, 225, 227, 244, 256, 257, 269, 537

Simultaneous Differential Equations Solver, 50, 54, 203, 219, 220, 227, 231, 245, 253, 259, 277, 350

POLYMATH ten problems examples, 17, 24, 32, 55, 60, 222, 225, 228, 300, 511, 592

Porous layer, diffusion with simultaneous reaction, 406

Power law fluids, 289Prandtl number, 73, 79Pressure change in a batch reactor, 467Pressure drop, gas phase catalytic reactor,

485, 509, 511Problem solving with mathematical soft-

ware packages, 1– 13Process dynamics and control, 565– 615

(See also Table I-8 on page 725)Proportional control, 580, 586, 593, 597,

604, 605, 609, 612Proportional gain, 582, 587, 593, 597,

605, 613Pseudoplastic fluid, 289, 295Pseudo-steady-state hypothesis, 496, 618Pseudo-steady-state assumption, 394


INDEX 717

Q

Quasi-steady-state assumption, See Pseudo-steady-state hypothesis

Quasi-Steady-State model for enzymatic reaction, 618

R

Radiation, unsteady-state to a thin plate, 368

Radiative heat transfer, 209Raoult’s law, 44Rate data analysis

catalytic reaction rates, 87CSTR, 476differential method in a plug-flow

reactor, 477differential method in batch

reactor, 465half-life method in batch reactor, 471initial rate method in batch reactor, 470integral method in batch reactor,

467, 468method of excess in a batch reactor, 474

Reaction order determinationbatch reactor, 465, 474CSTR, 476plug-flow reactor, 477, 479

Reaction rate constant determinationCSTR, 476plug-flow, 480

Reaction rate expressioncatalytic, 481elementary, 455, 458, 498first order, 450, 453, 468, 479lumped parameter, 491power-law, 482reversible, 458, 512reversible catalytic, 457second order, 450selection of best model, 483third order, 450

zero order, 450, 468Reaction rate expressions, enzymatic, 496Reactor

adiabatic plug-flow, 513batch, 223, 467, 498, 502continuous stirred tank reactor,

See CSTRCSTR, 462, 476enzymatic, 496fluidized bed, 80, 207gas phase catalytic, 485, 509material and energy balances, 502, 505membrane, 455monolithic with catalytic layer, 406moving bed, 491multiple elementary reactions, 498multiple steady-state operation, 504packed bed, 453, 509plug-flow, 445, 477, 479, 513semibatch, 458straight-through with deactivation, 491

Reactor designbased on equilibrium conversion, 460batch with kinetic model which leads to

stiff ODEs, 206batch with multiple reactions, 498change in moles, 453, 457CSTRs in series, 462dynamics of a catalytic fluidized bed

reactor, 207effect of reaction order on conversion in

a plug-flow reactor, 450gas-phase catalytic with reversible

exothermic reaction, 509isothermal plug-flow reactor, 445material and energy balances, 502, 505multiple steady-state operation, 504pressure drop, 453, 456semibatch with either equilibrium or

rate-controlling assumption,458

straight-through reactor, 491


718 INDEX

Reduced pressure, 16, 243Reduced temperature, 243Reduction of a higher order differential

equation to a system of first-order differential equations, 328

RegressionAntoine equation parameters, 57catalytic rate data, 93catalytic reaction rate expression for

reforming, 88comparing variances, 32comparison of data correlations, 30comparison of two models for rate data

correlation, 89confidence interval, 27cubic spline, 35degrees of freedom, 27error distribution of the residual

plot, 30least-squares objective function, 26linearization, 36parameters in the Margules

equations, 86polynomial as an empirical correlation

equation, 25polynomials of various degrees, 25, 33,

34residual plot, 29thermodynamic and physical properties

of n-propane, 62vapor pressure versus temperature

data, 25variable transformations, 25, 33

Regression and correlation of data, 57–100Residual plot, 29, 60, 64, 75, 87, 89Reversible gas phase reaction, 509Reynolds number, 73, 301Riedel equation, 25, 26, 29, 33

S

Schmidt number, 393Secant method, 209Second-order linear system, 566

numerical and analytical solutions, 573, 582

Selectivity in multiple catalytic reactions with diffusion, 515

Set of ten problemsproblem 1, 18problem 2, 24problem 3, 32, 60problem 4, 225problem 5, 300problem 6, 55problem 7, 222problem 8, 228problem 9, 511problem 10, 592

Shear stresslaminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in

horizontal annulus, 294Newtonian fluid in laminar flow in a

horizontal pipe, 283non-Newtonian fluid in laminar flow in

a horizontal pipe, 289Sherwood number, 393, 396Shooting method, 218

secant method for boundary condition determination, 221

Shooting technique, 328, 346, 347, 394, 408Sieder-Tate equation, 73, 79, 357Simultaneous heat and mass transfer within

catalyst particles, 423Single variable optimization

method of false position, 209secant method, 209

Solar radiation, 498Specific growth rate, 638, 640, 643, 663Stability of exothermic reaction, 574Steady state, time to reach, 55Stefan-Boltzmann law, 210, 353, 369Stefan-Maxwell equations, 413, 418, 419Step function response

first-order linear system, 567second-order linear system, 568, 572


INDEX 719

Stiff ordinary differential equations in chemical kinetics, 206

Stoichiometric equations, 47Stoichiometric table, 510Sublimation, 391Surface roughness, 301

T

Techniques for problem solvingdetermination of all solutions of a

system of nonlinear algebraic equations, 207

examining possible multiple solutions in systems of nonlinear equations, 223

expediting the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations, 223

nth-order ODEs, 219shooting method for two-point boundary

value problems, 218stiff ordinary differential equations, 203

Terminal velocity of falling particles, 299Thermal conductivity variation with

temperature, 209, 333, 346Thermodynamics, 243– 282

(See also Table I-2 on page 720)Thiele modulus, 401, 425Transformation of data, 87

binary activity coefficients, 86catalytic rate expression, 483for viscosity data, 68half-life data regression, 471integral method, 468logarithmic, 77

U

Underdamped system, 568Underwood correlation, 544, 547, 550Unsteady-state energy balances, 53

Unsteady-state material balances, 49, 52Useful finite difference approximations, 676

V

van der Waals, 5, 16van der Waals equation, 243van Laar equations, 272, 541van’t Hoff equation, 280, 510Vapor liquid equilibrium calculations, 45Vapor liquid equilibrium data from total

pressure measurements, 274, 279Vapor pressure data correlation by Antoine

equation, 57Variance, 27, 60, 63

calculation, 58lowest, 30, 483

Variation of reaction rate constant with temperature, 94

Velocity profilefully established flow of fluids down a

vertical surface, 291laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in

horizontal annulus, 294Newtonian fluid in laminar flow in a

horizontal pipe, 283Newtonian fluid in laminar flow near a

wall that is suddenly set in motion, 325

non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow in horizontal pipe, 289

Viscosity temperature dependency, 297

W

Web-based resources, 13Wilson equation for activity coefficients, 535

Z

Zeolite diffusion, 514Ziegler-Nichols tuning parameters, 597, 615


720 INDEX

Problems Listed by Subject Areas

Table I-1 Problems in Basic Principles and Calculations

NO. PROBLEMS IN BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CALCULATIONS PAGE2.1 MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM VAN DER WAALS EQUATION 152.2 MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 192.3 STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS 202.4 STEADY-STATE MATERIAL BALANCES ON A SEPARATION TRAIN 232.5 FITTING POLYNOMIALS AND CORRELATION EQUATIONS TO VAPOR PRESSURE DATA 252.6 VAPOR PRESSURE CORRELATIONS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM 332.7 MEAN HEAT CAPACITY OF n-PROPANE 342.8 VAPOR PRESSURE CORRELATION BY CLAPEYRON AND ANTOINE EQUATIONS 362.9 GAS VOLUME CALCULATIONS USING VARIOUS EQUATIONS OF STATE 382.10 BUBBLE POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 412.11 DEW POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 442.12 BUBBLE POINT AND DEW POINT FOR AN IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE 452.13 ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE IN COMBUSTION 462.14 UNSTEADY-STATE MIXING IN A TANK 492.15 UNSTEADY-STATE MIXING IN A SERIES OF TANKS 522.16 HEAT EXCHANGE IN A SERIES OF TANKS 534.1 EXCEL—MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 1015.1 MATLAB—MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 153

Table I-2 Problems in Thermodynamics

NO. PROBLEMS IN THERMODYNAMICS PAGE2.1 MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM VAN DER WAALS EQUATION 152.2 MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 192.5 FITTING POLYNOMIALS AND CORRELATION EQUATIONS TO VAPOR PRESSURE DATA 252.6 VAPOR PRESSURE CORRELATIONS FOR SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM 332.7 MEAN HEAT CAPACITY OF n-PROPANE 342.8 VAPOR PRESSURE CORRELATION BY CLAPEYRON AND ANTOINE EQUATIONS 362.9 GAS VOLUME CALCULATIONS USING VARIOUS EQUATIONS OF STATE 382.10 BUBBLE POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 412.11 DEW POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 442.12 BUBBLE POINT AND DEW POINT FOR AN IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE 452.13 ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE IN COMBUSTION 463.1 ESTIMATION OF ANTOINE EQUATION PARAMETERS USING NONLINEAR REGRESSION 573.2 ANTOINE EQUATION PARAMETERS FOR VARIOUS HYDROCARBONS 613.3 CORRELATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF n-PROPANE 623.4 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF SELECTED PROPERTIES 723.8 CORRELATION OF BINARY ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS USING MARGULES EQUATIONS 813.9 MARGULES EQUATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS CONTAINING TRICHLOROETHANE 863.14 CALCULATION OF ANTOINE EQUATION PARAMETERS USING LINEAR REGRESSION 954.1 EXCEL—MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 1014.4 EXCEL—CORRELATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANE 1284.5 EXCEL—COMPLEX CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM BY GIBBS ENERGY MINIMIZATION 144


INDEX 721

NO. PROBLEMS IN THERMODYNAMICS PAGE5.1 MATLAB—MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 1535.4 MATLAB—CORRELATION OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANE 1825.5 MATLAB—COMPLEX CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM BY GIBBS ENERGY MINIMIZATION 1956.6 EXPEDITING THE SOLUTION OF SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 2237.1 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR VARIATION FROM VAN DER WAALS EQUATION 2437.2 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR VARIATION FROM VARIOUS EQUATIONS OF STATE 2487.3 ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION OF GAS USING REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION OF STATE 2517.4 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF STEAM FROM REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 2557.5 ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY DEPARTURE USING THE REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION 2587.6 FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS OF PURE FLUIDS FROM VARIOUS EQUATIONS OF STATE 2637.7 FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS FOR AMMONIA—EXPERIMENTAL AND PREDICTED 2657.8 FLASH EVAPORATION OF AN IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE 2677.9 FLASH EVAPORATION OF VARIOUS HYDROCARBON MIXTURES 2717.10 CORRELATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS WITH THE VAN LAAR EQUATIONS 2727.11 VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA FROM TOTAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS I 2747.12 VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA FROM TOTAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS II 2797.13 COMPLEX CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 2807.14 REACTION EQUILIBRIUM AT CONSTANT PRESSURE OR CONSTANT VOLUME 281

Table I-3 Problems in Fluid Mechanics

NO. PROBLEMS IN FLUID MECHANICS PAGE4.2 EXCEL—CALCULATION OF THE FLOW RATE IN A PIPELINE 1105.2 MATLAB—CALCULATION OF THE FLOW RATE IN A PIPELINE 1658.1 LAMINAR FLOW OF A NEWTONIAN FLUID IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE 2838.2 LAMINAR FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE 2898.3 VERTICAL LAMINAR FLOW OF A LIQUID FILM 2918.4 LAMINAR FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A HORIZONTAL ANNULUS 2948.5 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS 2978.6 TERMINAL VELOCITY OF FALLING PARTICLES 2998.7 COMPARISON OF FRICTION FACTOR CORRELATIONS FOR TURBULENT PIPE FLOW 3018.8 CALCULATIONS INVOLVING FRICTION FACTORS FOR FLOW IN PIPES 3038.9 AVERAGE VELOCITY IN TURBULENT SMOOTH PIPE FLOW FROM MAXIMUM VELOCITY 3068.10 CALCULATION OF THE FLOW RATE IN A PIPELINE 3078.11 FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN A PIPELINE NETWORK 3098.12 WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 3138.13 PIPE AND PUMP NETWORK 3158.14 OPTIMAL PIPE LENGTH FOR DRAINING A CYLINDRICAL TANK IN TURBULENT FLOW 3178.15 OPTIMAL PIPE LENGTH FOR DRAINING A CYLINDRICAL TANK IN LAMINAR FLOW 3208.16 BASEBALL TRAJECTORIES AS A FUNCTION OF ELEVATION 3228.17 VELOCITY PROFILES FOR A WALL SUDDENLY SET IN MOTION—LAMINAR FLOW 3258.18 BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OF A NEWTONIAN FLUID ON A FLAT PLATE 32810.15 DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A FALLING LAMINAR LIQUID FILM 438


722 INDEX

Table I-4 Problems in Heat Transfer

NO. PROBLEMS IN HEAT TRANSFER PAGE2.16 HEAT EXCHANGE IN A SERIES OF TANKS 533.5 HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATIONS FROM DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS 733.6 HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATION OF LIQUIDS IN TUBES 793.7 HEAT TRANSFER IN FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR 806.8 METHOD OF LINES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2299.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH A MULTILAYERED WALL 3339.2 HEAT CONDUCTION IN A WIRE WITH ELECTRICAL HEAT SOURCE AND INSULATION 3389.3 RADIAL HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION WITH CONVECTION AT BOUNDARIES 3449.4 ENERGY LOSS FROM AN INSULATED PIPE 3469.5 HEAT LOSS THROUGH PIPE FLANGES 3479.6 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A HORIZONTAL CYLINDER ATTACHED TO A HEATED WALL 3529.7 HEAT TRANSFER FROM A TRIANGULAR FIN 3559.8 SINGLE-PASS HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER ON TUBE SIDE 3579.9 DOUBLE-PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER 3619.10 HEAT LOSSES FROM AN UNINSULATED TANK DUE TO CONVECTION 3659.11 UNSTEADY-STATE RADIATION TO A THIN PLATE 3689.12 UNSTEADY-STATE CONDUCTION WITHIN A SEMI-INFINITE SLAB 3709.13 COOLING OF A SOLID SPHERE IN A FINITE WATER BATH 3739.14 UNSTEADY-STATE CONDUCTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS 37810.12 SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CATALYST PARTICLES 42311.22 MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES ON A BATCH REACTOR 50211.23 OPERATION OF A COOLED EXOTHERMIC CSTR 50411.24 EXOTHERMIC REVERSIBLE GAS PHASE REACTION IN A PACKED BED REACTOR 50911.25 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS WITH EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS 51213.6 DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A STIRRED TANK HEATER 58613.7 CONTROLLER TUNING USING INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL (IMC) CORRELATIONS 59313.8 FIRST ORDER PLUS DEAD TIME MODELS FOR STIRRED TANK HEATER 59613.9 CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER TUNING–THE ZIEGLER-NICHOLS METHOD 59713.10 PI CONTROLLER TUNING USING THE AUTO TUNE VARIATION “ATV” METHOD 60013.11 RESET WINDUP IN A STIRRED TANK HEATER 60313.12 TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND START-UP OF A NONISOTHERMAL CSTR 60413.14 PI CONTROL OF FERMENTER TEMPERATURE 609

Table I-5 Problems in Mass Transfer

NO. PROBLEMS IN MASS TRANSFER PAGE6.5 SHOOTING METHOD FOR SOLVING TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS 21810.1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL BINARY MASS TRANSFER IN A STEFAN TUBE 38310.2 MASS TRANSFER IN A PACKED BED WITH KNOWN MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT 38910.3 SLOW SUBLIMATION OF A SOLID SPHERE 39110.4 CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY BY DISSOLUTION OF PILL COATING 39610.5 DIFFUSION WITH SIMULTANEOUS REACTION IN ISOTHERMAL CATALYST PARTICLES 40010.6 GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR CALCULATIONS FOR FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS 40410.7 SIMULTANEOUS DIFFUSION AND REVERSIBLE REACTION IN A CATALYTIC LAYER 40610.8 SIMULTANEOUS MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION OF GASES 413


INDEX 723

NO. PROBLEMS IN MASS TRANSFER PAGE10.9 MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION OF ACETONE AND METHANOL IN AIR 41810.10 MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION IN A POROUS LAYER COVERING A CATALYST 41910.11 SECOND-ORDER REACTION WITH DIFFUSION IN LIQUID FILM 42110.12 SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CATALYST PARTICLES 42310.13 UNSTEADY-STATE MASS TRANSFER IN A SLAB 42810.14 UNSTEADY-STATE DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A SEMI-INFINITE SLAB 43410.15 DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A FALLING LAMINAR LIQUID FILM 43811.4 CATALYTIC REACTOR WITH MEMBRANE SEPARATION 45511.26 DIFFUSION WITH MULTIPLE REACTIONS IN POROUS CATALYST PARTICLES 51414.5 DIFFUSION WITH REACTION IN SPHERICAL IMMOBILIZED ENZYME PARTICLES 63014.16 DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 66314.17 START-UP AND CONTROL OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 668

Table I-6 Problems in Chemical Reaction Engineering

NO. PROBLEMS IN CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING PAGE3.10 RATE DATA ANALYSIS FOR A CATALYTIC REFORMING REACTION 873.11 REGRESSION OF RATE DATA–CHECKING DEPENDENCY AMONG VARIABLES 893.12 REGRESSION OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC RATE DATA 933.13 VARIATION OF REACTION RATE CONSTANT WITH TEMPERATURE 944.3 EXCEL—ADIABATIC OPERATION OF A TUBULAR REACTOR FOR CRACKING OF ACETONE 1194.5 EXCEL—COMPLEX CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM BY GIBBS ENERGY MINIMIZATION 1445.3 MATLAB—ADIABATIC OPERATION OF A TUBULAR REACTOR FOR CRACKING OF ACETONE 1735.5 MATLAB—COMPLEX CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM BY GIBBS ENERGY MINIMIZATION 1956.1 SOLUTION OF STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2036.2 STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN CHEMICAL KINETICS 2066.3 MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN A SYSTEM OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2076.5 SHOOTING METHOD FOR SOLVING TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS 2186.6 EXPEDITING THE SOLUTION OF SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 22310.5 DIFFUSION WITH SIMULTANEOUS REACTION IN ISOTHERMAL CATALYST PARTICLES 40010.6 GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR CALCULATIONS FOR FIRST-ORDER REACTIONS 40410.7 SIMULTANEOUS DIFFUSION AND REVERSIBLE REACTION IN A CATALYTIC LAYER 40610.11 SECOND-ORDER REACTION WITH DIFFUSION IN LIQUID FILM 42110.14 UNSTEADY-STATE DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A SEMI-INFINITE SLAB 43410.15 DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A FALLING LAMINAR LIQUID FILM 43811.1 PLUG-FLOW REACTOR WITH VOLUME CHANGE DURING REACTION 44511.2 VARIATION OF CONVERSION WITH REACTION ORDER IN A PLUG-FLOW REACTOR 45011.3 GAS PHASE REACTION IN A PACKED BED REACTOR WITH PRESSURE DROP 45311.4 CATALYTIC REACTOR WITH MEMBRANE SEPARATION 45511.5 SEMIBATCH REACTOR WITH REVERSIBLE LIQUID PHASE REACTION 45811.6 OPERATION OF THREE CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTORS IN SERIES 46211.7 DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF RATE DATA ANALYSIS IN A BATCH REACTOR 46511.8 INTEGRAL METHOD OF RATE DATA ANALYSIS IN A BATCH REACTOR 46711.9 INTEGRAL METHOD OF RATE DATA ANALYSIS—BIMOLECULAR REACTION 46811.10 INITIAL RATE METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 470

11.11 HALF-LIFE METHOD FOR RATE DATA ANALYSIS 471


724 INDEX

Table I-6 (Continued) Problems in Chemical Reaction Engineering

NO. PROBLEMS IN CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING PAGE11.12 METHOD OF EXCESS FOR RATE DATA ANALYSIS IN A BATCH REACTOR 47411.13 RATE DATA ANALYSIS FOR A CSTR 47611.14 DIFFERENTIAL RATE DATA ANALYSIS FOR A PLUG-FLOW REACTOR 47711.15 INTEGRAL RATE DATA ANALYSIS FOR A PLUG-FLOW REACTOR 47911.16 DETERMINATION OF RATE EXPRESSIONS FOR A CATALYTIC REACTION 48111.17 PACKED BED REACTOR DESIGN FOR A GAS PHASE CATALYTIC REACTION 48511.18 CATALYST DECAY IN A PACKED BED REACTOR MODELED BY A SERIES OF CSTRS 48811.19 DESIGN FOR CATALYST DEACTIVATION IN A STRAIGHT-THROUGH REACTOR 49111.20 ENZYMATIC REACTIONS IN A BATCH REACTOR 49611.21 ISOTHERMAL BATCH REACTOR DESIGN FOR MULTIPLE REACTIONS 49811.22 MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES ON A BATCH REACTOR 50211.23 OPERATION OF A COOLED EXOTHERMIC CSTR 50411.24 EXOTHERMIC REVERSIBLE GAS PHASE REACTION IN A PACKED BED REACTOR 50911.25 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS WITH EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS 51211.26 DIFFUSION WITH MULTIPLE REACTIONS IN POROUS CATALYST PARTICLES 51411.27 NITRIFICATION OF BIOMASS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR 51611.28 STERILIZATION KINETICS AND EXTINCTION PROBABILITIES IN BATCH FERMENTERS 51913.3 DYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF AN EXOTHERMIC CSTR 57413.12 TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND START-UP OF A NONISOTHERMAL CSTR 60413.14 PI CONTROL OF FERMENTER TEMPERATURE 60913.15 INSULIN DELIVERY TO DIABETICS USING PI CONTROL 61214.1 ELEMENTARY STEP AND APPROXIMATE MODELS FOR ENZYME KINETICS 61714.2 DETERMINATION AND MODELING INHIBITION FOR ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS 62214.3 BIOREACTOR DESIGN WITH ENZYME CATALYSTS—TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 626

14.4 OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE IN BATCH AND CSTR ENZYMATIC REACTORS 62814.5 DIFFUSION WITH REACTION IN SPHERICAL IMMOBILIZED ENZYME PARTICLES 63014.6 MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN A CHEMOSTAT WITH INHIBITED MICROBIAL GROWTH 63514.7 FITTING PARAMETERS IN THE MONOD EQUATION FOR A BATCH CULTURE 63814.8 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF KINETICS IN A CHEMOSTAT 640

14.9 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT 64314.10 PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS OF MIXED CULTURES IN A CHEMOSTAT 64714.11 BIOKINETIC MODELING INCORPORATING IMPERFECT MIXING IN A CHEMOSTAT 65014.12 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT SYSTEM WITH TWO STAGES 65214.13 SEMICONTINUOUS FED-BATCH AND CYCLIC-FED BATCH OPERATION 65514.14 OPTIMIZATION OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN A BATCH FERMENTER 65814.15 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN A WELL-MIXED FERMENTER WITH CELL RECYCLE 66014.16 DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 66314.17 START-UP AND CONTROL OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 668


INDEX 725

Table I-7 Problems in Phase Equilibria and Distillation

NO. Problems in Phase Equilibria and Distillation Page2.10 BUBBLE POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 412.11 DEW POINT CALCULATION FOR AN IDEAL BINARY MIXTURE 442.12 BUBBLE POINT AND DEW POINT FOR AN IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE 453.8 CORRELATION OF BINARY ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS USING MARGULES EQUATIONS 813.9 MARGULES EQUATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS CONTAINING TRICHLOROETHANE 863.14 CALCULATION OF ANTOINE EQUATION PARAMETERS USING LINEAR REGRESSION 957.8 FLASH EVAPORATION OF AN IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURE 2677.9 FLASH EVAPORATION OF VARIOUS HYDROCARBON MIXTURES 2717.10 CORRELATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS WITH THE VAN LAAR EQUATIONS 2727.11 VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA FROM TOTAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS I 2747.12 VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA FROM TOTAL PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS II 27912.1 THREE STAGE FLASH EVAPORATOR FOR RECOVERING HEXANE FROM OCTANE 52312.2 NON-IDEAL VAPOR-LIQUID AND LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM 52712.3 CALCULATION OF WILSON EQUATION COEFFICIENTS FROM AZEOTROPIC DATA 535

12.4 VAN LAAR EQUATION COEFFICIENTS FROM AZEOTROPIC DATA 54112.5 NON-IDEAL VLE FROM AZEOTROPIC DATA USING THE VAN LAAR EQUATION 54212.6 FENSKE-UNDERWOOD-GILLILAND CORRELATIONS FOR SEPARATION TOWERS 54412.7 FENSKE-UNDERWOOD-GILLILAND CORRELATIONS IN DEPROPANIZER DESIGN 55012.8 RIGOROUS DISTILLATION CALCULATIONS FOR A SIMPLE SEPARATION TOWER 55112.9 RIGOROUS DISTILLATION CALCULATIONS FOR HEXANE-OCTANE SEPARATION TOWER 55812.10 BATCH DISTILLATION OF A WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURE 55912.11 DYNAMICS OF BATCH DISTILLATION OF FERMENTER BROTH 563

Table I-8 Problems in Process Dynamics and Control

NO. Problems in Process Dynamics and Control PAGE2.14 UNSTEADY-STATE MIXING IN A TANK 492.15 UNSTEADY-STATE MIXING IN A SERIES OF TANKS 522.16 HEAT EXCHANGE IN A SERIES OF TANKS 536.1 SOLUTION OF STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2036.2 STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN CHEMICAL KINETICS 2066.3 MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN A SYSTEM OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2076.8 METHOD OF LINES FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2296.9 ESTIMATING MODEL PARAMETERS INVOLVING ODEs USING FERMENTATION DATA 2358.14 OPTIMAL PIPE LENGTH FOR DRAINING A CYLINDRICAL TANK IN TURBULENT FLOW 3178.15 OPTIMAL PIPE LENGTH FOR DRAINING A CYLINDRICAL TANK IN LAMINAR FLOW 3208.16 BASEBALL TRAJECTORIES AS A FUNCTION OF ELEVATION 3228.17 VELOCITY PROFILES FOR A WALL SUDDENLY SET IN MOTION—LAMINAR FLOW 3259.11 UNSTEADY-STATE RADIATION TO A THIN PLATE 3689.12 UNSTEADY-STATE CONDUCTION WITHIN A SEMI-INFINITE SLAB 3709.13 COOLING OF A SOLID SPHERE IN A FINITE WATER BATH 3739.14 UNSTEADY-STATE CONDUCTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS 37810.3 SLOW SUBLIMATION OF A SOLID SPHERE 39110.4 CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY BY DISSOLUTION OF PILL COATING 39610.13 UNSTEADY-STATE MASS TRANSFER IN A SLAB 428


726 INDEX

Table I-8 (Continued) Problems in Process Dynamics and Control

NO. Problems in Process Dynamics and Control PAGE10.14 UNSTEADY-STATE DIFFUSION AND REACTION IN A SEMI-INFINITE SLAB 43411.5 SEMIBATCH REACTOR WITH REVERSIBLE LIQUID PHASE REACTION 45811.6 OPERATION OF THREE CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTORS IN SERIES 46211.11 HALF-LIFE METHOD FOR RATE DATA ANALYSIS 47111.18 CATALYST DECAY IN A PACKED BED REACTOR MODELED BY A SERIES OF CSTRS 48811.20 ENZYMATIC REACTIONS IN A BATCH REACTOR 49611.21 ISOTHERMAL BATCH REACTOR DESIGN FOR MULTIPLE REACTIONS 49811.22 MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCES ON A BATCH REACTOR 50211.28 STERILIZATION KINETICS AND EXTINCTION PROBABILITIES IN BATCH FERMENTERS 51912.10 BATCH DISTILLATION OF A WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURE 55912.11 DYNAMICS OF BATCH DISTILLATION OF FERMENTER BROTH 56313.1 MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF FIRST- AND SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS 56513.2 DYNAMICS OF A U-TUBE MANOMETER 57213.3 DYNAMICS AND STABILITY OF AN EXOTHERMIC CSTR 57413.4 FITTING A FIRST-ORDER PLUS DEAD-TIME MODEL TO PROCESS DATA 57613.5 DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A FLOW-THROUGH STORAGE TANK 58013.6 DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF A STIRRED TANK HEATER 58613.7 CONTROLLER TUNING USING INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL (IMC) CORRELATIONS 59313.8 FIRST ORDER PLUS DEAD TIME MODELS FOR STIRRED TANK HEATER 59613.9 CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER TUNING–THE ZIEGLER-NICHOLS METHOD 59713.10 PI CONTROLLER TUNING USING THE AUTO TUNE VARIATION “ATV” METHOD 60013.11 RESET WINDUP IN A STIRRED TANK HEATER 60313.12 TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND START-UP OF A NONISOTHERMAL CSTR 60413.13 LEVEL CONTROL OF TWO INTERACTIVE TANKS 60513.14 PI CONTROL OF FERMENTER TEMPERATURE 60913.15 INSULIN DELIVERY TO DIABETICS USING PI CONTROL 61214.1 ELEMENTARY STEP AND APPROXIMATE MODELS FOR ENZYME KINETICS 61714.4 OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE IN BATCH AND CSTR ENZYMATIC REACTORS 62814.6 MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN A CHEMOSTAT WITH INHIBITED MICROBIAL GROWTH 63514.7 FITTING PARAMETERS IN THE MONOD EQUATION FOR A BATCH CULTURE 63814.8 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF KINETICS IN A CHEMOSTAT 640

14.9 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT 64314.10 PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS OF MIXED CULTURES IN A CHEMOSTAT 64714.12 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT SYSTEM WITH TWO STAGES 65214.13 SEMICONTINUOUS FED-BATCH AND CYCLIC-FED BATCH OPERATION 65514.16 DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 66314.17 START-UP AND CONTROL OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 668


727 INDEX

Table I-9 Problems in Biochemical Engineering

NO. Problems in Biochemical Engineering PAGE2.3 STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS 206.1 SOLUTION OF STIFF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 2036.9 ESTIMATING MODEL PARAMETERS INVOLVING ODEs USING FERMENTATION DATA 23511.20 ENZYMATIC REACTIONS IN A BATCH REACTOR 49611.27 NITRIFICATION OF BIOMASS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR 51611.28 STERILIZATION KINETICS AND EXTINCTION PROBABILITIES IN BATCH FERMENTERS 51912.11 DYNAMICS OF BATCH DISTILLATION OF FERMENTER BROTH 56313.14 PI CONTROL OF FERMENTER TEMPERATURE 60913.15 INSULIN DELIVERY TO DIABETICS USING PI CONTROL 61214.1 ELEMENTARY STEP AND APPROXIMATE MODELS FOR ENZYME KINETICS 61714.2 DETERMINATION AND MODELING INHIBITION FOR ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS 62214.3 BIOREACTOR DESIGN WITH ENZYME CATALYSTS—TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 626

14.4 OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE IN BATCH AND CSTR ENZYMATIC REACTORS 62814.5 DIFFUSION WITH REACTION IN SPHERICAL IMMOBILIZED ENZYME PARTICLES 63014.6 MULTIPLE STEADY STATES IN A CHEMOSTAT WITH INHIBITED MICROBIAL GROWTH 63514.7 FITTING PARAMETERS IN THE MONOD EQUATION FOR A BATCH CULTURE 63814.8 MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF KINETICS IN A CHEMOSTAT 640

14.9 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT 64314.10 PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS OF MIXED CULTURES IN A CHEMOSTAT 64714.11 BIOKINETIC MODELING INCORPORATING IMPERFECT MIXING IN A CHEMOSTAT 65014.12 DYNAMIC MODELING OF A CHEMOSTAT SYSTEM WITH TWO STAGES 65214.13 SEMICONTINUOUS FED-BATCH AND CYCLIC-FED BATCH OPERATION 65514.14 OPTIMIZATION OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN A BATCH FERMENTER 65814.15 ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN A WELL-MIXED FERMENTER WITH CELL RECYCLE 66014.16 DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 66314.17 START-UP AND CONTROL OF AN ANAEROBIC DIGESTER 668


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