boopendranath ecolabelling 2010

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EcolabellingEcolabelling and Sustainable Fisheriesand Sustainable FisheriesManagement in India:Management in India:

The Technology PerspectiveThe Technology Perspective

National Workshop on Ecolabelling and Sustainable Fisheries

Management: the Road Ahead for India, 30 March 2010, Cochin

Dr. M.R. BoopendranathDr. M.R. Boopendranath

Principal ScientistPrincipal Scientist

Central Institute of Fisheries TechnologyCentral Institute of Fisheries TechnologyP.O. Matsyapuri, CochinP.O. Matsyapuri, Cochin--682 029682 029


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Central Institute of Fisheries Technology

EcolabellingEcolabelling

EcoEco--labels and related certification havelabels and related certification have

become an important feature ofbecome an important feature ofinternational trade and marketing of fishinternational trade and marketing of fishand fish products, in recent years.and fish products, in recent years.

EcolabellingEcolabelling is a system of voluntaryis a system of voluntaryproductproduct labellinglabelling conveying environmentalconveying environmentalinformation to consumers that seeks toinformation to consumers that seeks tocreate a marketcreate a market--based incentive forbased incentive forsustainable management of fisheries.sustainable management of fisheries.


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EcoEco--labelslabels

NaturlandNaturland

KRAVKRAV

Friend of the SeaFriend of the Sea

(FOS)(FOS)

Marine StewardshipMarine Stewardship

Council (MSC)Council (MSC)


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EcolabellingEcolabellingGuiding documentsGuiding documents

FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing (FAO,FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing (FAO,

1995) and International Plans of Action (1995) and International Plans of Action (IPOAsIPOAs) on (i)) on (i)

reducing incidental catch of seabirds in long line fisheriesreducing incidental catch of seabirds in long line fisheries

(FAO, 1999), (ii) conservation and management of sharks(FAO, 1999), (ii) conservation and management of sharks

(FAO, 1999), (iii) management of fishing capacity (FAO,(FAO, 1999), (iii) management of fishing capacity (FAO,

1999) and (iv) prevention of illegal, unreported and1999) and (iv) prevention of illegal, unreported and

unregulated (IUU) fishing (FAO, 2001).unregulated (IUU) fishing (FAO, 2001).Guidelines for theGuidelines for the EcolabellingEcolabelling of Fish and Fisheryof Fish and Fishery

Products from Marine Capture Fisheries (FAO, 2005).Products from Marine Capture Fisheries (FAO, 2005).

World TradeWorld Trade OrganisationOrganisation (WTO)(WTO) -- Technical Barriers toTechnical Barriers toTrade (TBT) AgreementTrade (TBT) Agreement


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Management of stocks using the best available science;

Application of the precautionary principle, using conservativemanagement approaches when the effects of fishing practices areuncertain;

Avoiding overfishing and preventing or eliminating excess fishingcapacity;

Minimisation of bycatch and discards;

Prohibition of destructive fishing methods;

Restoration of depleted fish stocks;

Implementation of appropriate national laws, management plans, andmeans of enforcement;

Monitoring the effects of fishing on the ecosystem;

Working cooperatively with other states to coordinate managementpolicies and enforcement actions;

Recognizing the importance of artisanal and small-scale fisheries, andthe value of traditional management practices

FAO CCRFFAO CCRF Key PrinciplesKey Principles


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PrinciplesPrinciples

General considerationsGeneral considerations

Terms and definitionsTerms and definitions

Minimum substantive requirements and criteriaMinimum substantive requirements and criteria

Procedural and institutional aspectsProcedural and institutional aspectsSetting of standards

Accreditation

Certification

FAO Guidelines for theFAO Guidelines for the EcolabellingEcolabelling of Fish and Fisheryof Fish and Fishery

Products from Marine Capture Fisheries (FAO, 2005)Products from Marine Capture Fisheries (FAO, 2005)


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Objective, thirdObjective, third--party fishery assessment usingparty fishery assessment usingscientific evidence.scientific evidence.

Transparent processes with builtTransparent processes with built--in stakeholderin stakeholder

consultation and objection procedures.consultation and objection procedures.Standards based on the three factorsStandards based on the three factors --

sustainability of target species,sustainability of target species,

ecosystems andecosystems and management practices.management practices.

The standards include all parts of the chain ofThe standards include all parts of the chain of

custody from the fishery to the retailers.custody from the fishery to the retailers.

FAO Guidelines for theFAO Guidelines for the EcolabellingEcolabelling of Fish andof Fish and

Fishery Products from Marine Capture FisheriesFishery Products from Marine Capture Fisheries

Key PrinciplesKey Principles


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Marine fish production in India has reached 3.2 milliontonnes in 2008 which forms about 84% of the potential yieldfrom the Exclusive Economic Zone.

More than 80% of the current fish production comes fromthe intensively fished coastal waters.

Fleet size in marine waters consists of 104,000 traditionalnon-motorised vessels, 76,000 motorised vessels and

59,000 mechanised vessels.Great diversity in resources, craft-gear combinations,technology and scale of fishing operations.

Dual system of management in the EEZ by the union andstate governments.

Predominantly open access system with prevailing excesscapacity and insufficient means of MCS.

Marine fisheries in IndiaMarine fisheries in India


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10998

784

3694

2014

1558

19048

14862

29241

983

14183

8862

5642

58911

75591

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000

Mechanised trawlers

Mechanised purse seiners

Mechanised gill netters

Mechanised bag netters

Other mechanised boats

Total mechanised boats

Total motorised boats

Optimum fleet size (Kurup and

Devaraj, 2000)

Present fleet size (CMFRI, 2005)

Excess Capacity in Marine FisheriesExcess Capacity in Marine Fisheries--IndiaIndia


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Management interventions forManagement interventions for EcolabellingEcolabelling

and Sustainable Fisheries in India whichand Sustainable Fisheries in India whichrequire technology inputsrequire technology inputs


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Evolve regionalized consensus Code of ConductEvolve regionalized consensus Code of Conduct

for Responsible Fishing, in close participation withfor Responsible Fishing, in close participation with

all stake holdersall stake holders,, within a cowithin a co--managementmanagementregime.regime.

Traditional, motorized and mechanized fishermenTraditional, motorized and mechanized fishermen

organizations sharing the same fishing ground andorganizations sharing the same fishing ground and

resourcesresources

Fisheries research organizationsFisheries research organizationsFisheries managersFisheries managers


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Take measures to facilitate transition from free and openTake measures to facilitate transition from free and openaccess regime to rights based controlled access coaccess regime to rights based controlled access co--

management regime, with strict enforcement of a system ofmanagement regime, with strict enforcement of a system oflicenses in traditional, motorized and mechanized sectorslicenses in traditional, motorized and mechanized sectorsand promote cooperative movement among stakeholders.and promote cooperative movement among stakeholders.

Maintain registry of all fishing vessels operating in watersMaintain registry of all fishing vessels operating in waters

under jurisdiction of the Union and State Governments withunder jurisdiction of the Union and State Governments withall essential details using a centralised ITall essential details using a centralised IT--based system.based system.

Periodically revalidate maximum sustainable yield ofPeriodically revalidate maximum sustainable yield ofresources in the existing fishing grounds and determineresources in the existing fishing grounds and determine

fishing units and their capacities in each category andfishing units and their capacities in each category andfishing zones for sustainable harvesting of resources.fishing zones for sustainable harvesting of resources.


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Address the question of excess capacity and take steps toAddress the question of excess capacity and take steps toremove excess capacity over a time schedule.remove excess capacity over a time schedule.

Standardize the capacities, dimensions and specificationsStandardize the capacities, dimensions and specificationsfishing systems operating in different sectors and preventfishing systems operating in different sectors and preventunauthorized technological changes affecting capacitiesunauthorized technological changes affecting capacitiesand fishing power.and fishing power.

Conduct periodic audit of craftConduct periodic audit of craft--gear combinations operatinggear combinations operatingon the fishery in terms economics of operation, energyon the fishery in terms economics of operation, energyconsumption, selectivity, ecological and environmentalconsumption, selectivity, ecological and environmentalimpacts and promote the use of those systems whichimpacts and promote the use of those systems which

minimizes cost of fish production, energy use, ecologicalminimizes cost of fish production, energy use, ecologicaland environmental impacts, by effective managementand environmental impacts, by effective managementstrategies.strategies.


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Identify and delimit Protected Areas in marine ecosystems.Identify and delimit Protected Areas in marine ecosystems.

Evolve a system for marking of fishing vessels and fishingEvolve a system for marking of fishing vessels and fishing

gear (both traditional and mechanized).gear (both traditional and mechanized).Evolve regulations for mandatory survey of mechanizedEvolve regulations for mandatory survey of mechanized

fishing vessels and fishing gears.fishing vessels and fishing gears.

Evolve appropriate catch reporting system, for the fishingEvolve appropriate catch reporting system, for the fishingvessels.vessels.


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Develop and promote fishing gear andDevelop and promote fishing gear and

practices to minimise bycatch andpractices to minimise bycatch andimpact on environment.impact on environment.


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Bycatch Reduction TechnologiesBycatch Reduction Technologies

Bycatch reduction inBycatch reduction in TrawlingTrawling

Choice of fishing areaChoice of fishing depth

Choice of fishing timeand season

Trawl design improvementsMesh size optimization

Bycatch reduction devicesand turtle excluder devicesJuvenile and trash fishexcluder devices

Operation relatedapproaches

Gear design relatedapproaches


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Bycatch reduction inBycatch reduction in Purse seiningPurse seining

Choice of fishing areaChoice of fishing depth

Choice of fishing time andseasonCapability of vessel andcrew to use selective

back-down manoeuvres.

Seine design and seinedepth appropriate for

schools of target species

Mesh size selection

Aprons for protection of

dolphins




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Bycatch reduction in GillnettingBycatch reduction in Gillnetting

Choice of fishing area

Choice of fishing depth

Choice of fishing time andseason

Use of scaring devicesand acoustic deterrents

for cetaceans

Optimization of gillnetdimensionsOptimization mesh size

Choice of netting materialChoice of colour of nettingOptimization of hangingratio

Use of biodegradablematerials in rigging andconstruction to preventghost fishing




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Bycatch reduction in liningBycatch reduction in lining

Choice of bait type and baitsizeChoice of fishing area and

fishing depth, fishing timeand fishing seasonUse of dyed baits, side sets,subsurface line setting chutes

and bird scaring steamers todeter birdsUse of deep setting of line tominimize sea turtle bycatch

Hook design

Hook shape and size

Hook spacing

Use of circle hook tominimise sea turtlebycatch

Use of rare earthmagnets in the proximityof hooks to detersharks.




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Bycatch reduction in trap operationsBycatch reduction in trap operations

Choice of bait type

Choice of fishing area

Choice of fishing depth

Choice of fishing time andseason

Trap design

Optimized trap mouth

Escape windows

Use of biodegradablematerials in rigging and

construction to preventghost fishing

Operation related

approaches

Gear design related

approaches


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Technologies for minimizingTechnologies for minimizingenvironmental impact of trawlsenvironmental impact of trawls

Semi-pelagic trawl systems

Benthic release panels

Ground gear modifications

Otter board, bridles and sweeps


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Develop and implement National Plans of Action (Develop and implement National Plans of Action (NPOAsNPOAs) for) for(i) management of fishing capacity, (ii) prevention of illegal,(i) management of fishing capacity, (ii) prevention of illegal,unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, (iii) conservation andunreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, (iii) conservation andmanagement of sharks, and (iv) reducing incidental catch ofmanagement of sharks, and (iv) reducing incidental catch ofseabirds in long line fisheriesseabirds in long line fisheries

Evolve an efficient monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS)Evolve an efficient monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS)

system. Evolve and adopt costsystem. Evolve and adopt cost--effective vessel monitoring systemeffective vessel monitoring system(VMS) and automatic vessel identification system (AIS), especial(VMS) and automatic vessel identification system (AIS), especiallylyfor the large mechanised fleet.for the large mechanised fleet.

Effectively use Geographical Information System for fisheriesEffectively use Geographical Information System for fisheries

management; for generation and maintenance of databases on themanagement; for generation and maintenance of databases on thegeographical distribution ofgeographical distribution of stocks under considerationstocks under consideration and theirand theirenvironmental and biological attributes; monitoring and controlenvironmental and biological attributes; monitoring and control ofoffishing effort and energy use.fishing effort and energy use.

Develop a dynamic Fisheries Information System providing easyDevelop a dynamic Fisheries Information System providing easyaccess to authentic information and facilitate fisheries researcaccess to authentic information and facilitate fisheries research,h,management and business.management and business.


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Evolve and promote a package of practicesEvolve and promote a package of practicesfor energy conservation in fish harvesting.for energy conservation in fish harvesting.

Low energy fishing techniquesLow energy fishing techniques

Low drag trawlsLow drag trawlsPair trawlingPair trawling

Economic vessel speedEconomic vessel speed

Hull design and displacement optimisationHull design and displacement optimisation

AntiAnti--fouling measuresfouling measures

Choice of enginesChoice of enginesRight sizing of enginesRight sizing of engines

Emission standardsEmission standards

Preventive maintenance of enginesPreventive maintenance of engines

Reduction gear, propeller size and propeller nozzleReduction gear, propeller size and propeller nozzleSailSail--assisted propulsionassisted propulsion

Use of advanced technology (Use of advanced technology (EchosounderEchosounder, GPS, PFZ, GPS, PFZinformation, GIS)information, GIS)

Fleet managementFleet management


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Evolve a mandatory programme of training,Evolve a mandatory programme of training,

certification and logcertification and log--keeping for nonkeeping for non--

motorised, motorised and mechanisedmotorised, motorised and mechanised

fishermen in:fishermen in:

Safe navigationSafe navigationResponsible fishingResponsible fishing

Fisheries regulationsFisheries regulations

Log keeping and reportingLog keeping and reporting


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Chain of custody certificationChain of custody certification

Chain of custody certification is an integral part ofecolabelling process.

The catch shall be stored in fish boxes labelled toensure complete traceability. Label may includevessel ID, gear, species, fishing area, time for catch,quality indicators, bycatch information, etc.

Critical Traceability Points need to be determined andrecords for internal (within company) and externaltraceability (chain traceability) need to be maintained.

Technologies such as use of RFID (Radio Frequency

Identification) tags and computerized networking canbe used for automated traceability.


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Conclusion andConclusion and Recommendations..Recommendations..

A range of technologies are readily available forA range of technologies are readily available foradoption for (i) bycatch reduction, (ii) minimizingadoption for (i) bycatch reduction, (ii) minimizingenvironmental impacts and (iii) energy conservationenvironmental impacts and (iii) energy conservation

which will facilitate sustainable fishing.which will facilitate sustainable fishing.Enabling policy initiatives and legislation based onEnabling policy initiatives and legislation based onCCRF and a rights based regulated access systemCCRF and a rights based regulated access systembased on a strong inclusive participatorybased on a strong inclusive participatory

management are necessary for facilitating largemanagement are necessary for facilitating largescale adoption of responsible fishing technologies.scale adoption of responsible fishing technologies.

Existing fisheries legislation need to be harmonizedExisting fisheries legislation need to be harmonizedin order to facilitate sustainable fisheriesin order to facilitate sustainable fisheries

management on regional basis, depending onmanagement on regional basis, depending ongeographical extent of distribution of the stocksgeographical extent of distribution of the stocksunder consideration.under consideration.


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Conclusion andConclusion and RecommendationsRecommendations

HACCP system needs to be integrated into the chainHACCP system needs to be integrated into the chain

of custody of fish and fish based products, to ensureof custody of fish and fish based products, to ensurequality.quality.

CostCost--effective system of traceability of fish andeffective system of traceability of fish andfishery products needs to be evolved andfishery products needs to be evolved andimplemented.implemented.

Automated systems for Chain of Custody may beAutomated systems for Chain of Custody may beevolved indigenously using RFID technology.evolved indigenously using RFID technology.

Small pelagic stocks seems to be more amenable toSmall pelagic stocks seems to be more amenable to

immediate certification, in view of their knownimmediate certification, in view of their knownresilience to fishing pressure due to high fecundity,resilience to fishing pressure due to high fecundity,lowlow trophictrophic level, high growth rate and shortlevel, high growth rate and shortgeneration cycle.generation cycle.


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Thank YouThank You

boopendranath ecolabelling 2010

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