4

Unit Topic Each unit has a cross-curricular and age-appropriate topic.

Students will • find the topic directly relates to their

own lives and study.

• be engaged and motivated to learn.

Reading Skill

unstated rno.in idea: \<.eS happen when

Earth qua ' surface rnoves the earth s . damage to suddenly, caustn9 \ife and property.

A very simple introduction of the targeted unit skill is followed by a skill discovery activity.

Students will • be introduced to the reading skill in

a clear and understandable way.

• discover the reading skill for themselves without the need for long explanations.

Audio CD

~ Read the passage.

Why the Earth Moves

Earthquakes ore sudden movements of the earth's surface that can sometimes have catastrophic effects. During on earthquake, the ground begins to shake violently . An earthquake can cause buildings to fall down and the ground to open up. lt"can start floods, fires and landslides. It can also cause a tsunami-a very large ocean wave that flows over the coast and destroys everyth ing .

What causes earthquakes? The earth's surface is broken up into large sections called tectonic plates. The plates meet and rub against each other along lines called faults. This rubbing puts a lot of stress on the plates. The plates finally slip against each other, causing the earth's surface to move.

Seismologists in the United States have tried to predict earthquakes by measuring how often they happen on average in some areas. Those in China do so by observing animals a nd measuring water levels in wells. There have been some successes with these methods, but not enough for scientists to say that they have definitely found a way to predict earthquakes.

Reading

Earthquakes happen all over the world daily. But most of them are too weak to get our attention. The most powerful earthquakes usually happen in places located on major fault lines. They are most likely to happen in countries like japan, Indonesia, China and the United States.

A graded, content-based reading passage, with supporting audio, sets up the main .skill practice.

Students will

• find the reading passage stimulating with topics geared to their age level.

• be exposed to a variety of text types­from academic to real-world passages.

• be able to answer comprehension questions to aid understanding.

The CD at the back of the book provides audio support for all reading passages plus the audio for the Integration listening tasks.

Answer the questions.

What can earthquakes start?

2 What are tectonic plates?

3 In which countries are earthquakes most likely to ha ppen?

Pa ragraph 2

Ear~hq,uakes ar:_e_~cau~ed by __

te2_~on_k; plates rubbi n~nd _

slippin~ainst e<!_ch o~~r.

Pa ragraph 4

Look at the highlighted words in the passage. Find out what these words mean using the Mini-d ictionary on pages 69- 72.

Practice

Read the Paragraph, Write t

In 1906 a b· he rnain idea T of San ' !g eanhquak . . . hen circle th It Francisco in th e. hu the city e correct an

Was one of th e Unued Stat swer. earthquakes in ~ .rnost Powerful es.

;eaarJy BO Percen; ~~~otrhy. It_ destroyed ny Pea 1 e C!ty

fell down p e Were killed. Bu _aldnd and brid 1 mgs

water. Almost 3Do ges fell into the

~eft Without homes,O~ho People Were

$:Qrnag~ Was Said ~~ b e COst 0{ the 0 million. e more than

Main idea: sta ted I unstat~ ~

Integration A skill practice task is followed by an independent vocabulary-building activity using the Mini-dictionary.

The reading skill is combined with listening, writing or speaking tasks.

Students will Students will • be able to apply the reading skill to the

passage through meaningful practice. • learn to use a reading passage to springboard

into productive activities.

• develop their vocabulary by learning words in context.

• develop the language skills needed for the next generation of integrated tests of English.

Review After every two core units there is a review which consolidates the reading skills already studied.

Students will • be able to see their

progress in using reading skills.

• learn to apply different reading skills to the same passage.

~ Read the passage .

Killer waves What is a tsunami? A tsunami Is

eoceanwavethatcouses ~ ~:~ge when \1 reaches the coos\. T~e word "tsunami" comes [rom the japanese words IW {harbor)

ondnomi{wave).

Most tsunamis ore cous<!d b~ ~~e earthquake under the ocean earthquake causes all the water

aboVe It to move sudd~~~'wove is

ave tho\ con travel up 10 500 k\lom~:~o!::rr~1

~:~d the sea creating o very Ia:: aut In the open ocean. but as ~~~~~vthe water up higher and not really clearly .

1 5 the wove down and pu . 1 10 meters or more.

becomes shallower. Thts_s ~:r to the shore. it con get os hlgl :~estroys everything in

~;:~:~~~ ~~~ :vc:~~::~;hic, 05 it crashes onto the coast 011

ttspoth.

The world hos lived through big I nami disasters. In 2004.. tsunom s

~~uthe indian ocean hit~~d:~~s::ne Thailand. Sri Lonkof~~unotely, there places in Afrl:; ~:rning system for

:;: ~~~~~~n~(e<ll'l . As 0 resu~l, more than zso,OOO people were k1Ued.

soon afterword. o tsunami wo~ni~g system for the Indian _oceon~s~~~~; to the one for the f'oclfic Oc I s developed by the United Not on .

MoJo,;;; -- - -j -...: stated lunst:;;:.l- - -.. -

c ---- Moln::~ - -- ----~- -Orrtplete thech . - -----._ . srat<'dlun~tated - -

am to show - - ...... cause and effect

CQuse •

Unit Subject Reading skill Text type

Theme: Music

How does it sound? Culture and People

Classifying information

Content-based passage p. 39

Bands and Clubs Social Studies

Understanding advertisements

Advertisement p. 43

Review 4 p. 47

Theme: Exploration

Voyages of Discovery History/Social Studies

Critical thinkingContent-based passage p. 49

Exploring the World History/Social Studies

Understanding point of view

Diary p. 53

Review 5 p. 57

Theme: Studying Abroad

School LifeSocial Studies/Culture and People

Making generalizations

Content-based passage p. 59

Your details, please! Social Studies

Understanding forms

Form p. 63

Review 6 p. 67

Mini-dictionary p. 69

6 7

Evaluation p. 8

Unit Subject Reading skill Text type

Theme: Natural Disasters

The Shaking Earth Science and Nature

Finding the unstated main idea

Content-based passage p. 9

Fire and Ice Science and Nature

Identifying cause-and-effect chains

Web article p. 13

Review 1 p. 17

Theme: Games

Fun with GamesSports and Leisure/Culture and People

Comparing and contrasting information

Content-based passage p. 19

Hooked on Computers

Culture and People

Identifying plot Story p. 23

Review 2 p. 27

Theme: Smaller and Taller

View from the Top Social Studies

Solving word problems

Content-based passage p. 29

Small Stuff Social Studies

Identifying the writer’s opinions

Web article p. 33

Review 3 p. 37

Contents

8

E lu tion

1 Unit Find ing the unstated main idea

2 Unit I den tifying cause-and-effect chains

- -3 Unit

Com infor

paring and contrasting mation

4 Unit I den tifying plot

5

--

Unit Solv ing word problems

6 Unit I den tifying the writer's opinions

7 Unit Clas sifying information

8 Unit Und erstanding advertisements

9 Unit Criti cal thinking

10

-

erstanding point of view

11 Unit Mak ing generalizations

12 Unit Und erstanding forms

.

eeds to review Comments

the skill

l ----- -- -- -------

I

'

I --------

-- ----------- -- ---

-

-----

Finding the unstated main idea A main idea that is not written out directly is called an unstated main idea. To find an unstated main idea, summarize the details.

Underline details that show the unstated main idea.

Earthquakes are sudden movements of the earth's surface. During an earthquake, the ground begins to shake violently. An earthquake can cause buildings to fa ll down and the ground to open up. It can start floods, fires and landslides. It can also cause a tsunami-a very large ocean wave that flows over the coast and destroys everything. The effects can really be catastrophic .

Unstated main idea:

Earthquakes happen when the earth's surface moves suddenly, causing damage to life and property.

9

What should you do in an earthquake? Discuss your answers.

Earthquakes are sudden movements of the earth’s surface. During an earthquake, the ground begins to shake violently. An earthquake can cause buildings to fall down and the ground to open up. It can start floods, fires and landslides. It can also cause a tsunami—a very large ocean wave that flows over the coast and destroys everything. The effects can really be catastrophic.

Underline details that show the unstated main idea.

Finding the unstated main ideaA main idea that is not written out directly is called an unstated main idea. To find an unstated main idea, summarize the details.

Unstated main idea:

Earthquakes happen when the earth’s surface moves suddenly, causing damage to life and property.

9

The Shaking Earth

Why the Earth Moves

Earthquakes are sudden movements of the earth’s surface that can sometimes have catastrophic effects. During an earthquake, the ground begins to shake violently .An earthquake can cause buildings to fall down and the ground to open up. It can start floods, fires and landslides. It can also cause a tsunami—a very large ocean wave that flows over the coast and destroys everything.

What causes earthquakes? The earth’s surface is broken up into large sections called tectonic plates. The plates meet and rub against each other along lines called faults. This rubbing puts a lot of stress on the plates. The plates finally slip against each other, causing the earth’s surface to move.

Earthquakes happen all over the world daily. But most of them are too weak to get our attention. The most powerful earthquakes usually happen in places located on major fault lines. They are most likely to happen in countries like Japan, Indonesia, China and the United States.

Seismologists in the United States have tried to predict earthquakes by measuring how often they happen on average in some areas. Those in China do so by observing animals and measuring water levels in wells.There have been some successes with these methods, but not enough for scientists to say that they have definitely found a way to predict earthquakes.

2 Read the passage.

10

Paragraph 2

Write the unstated main idea for each paragraph.

Answer the questions.

1 What can earthquakes start?

2 What are tectonic plates?

3 In which countries are earthquakes most likely to happen?

Look at the highlighted words in the passage. Find out what these words mean using the Mini-dictionary on pages 69–72.

Paragraph 4

Paragraph 3

Earthquakes are caused by

tectonic plates rubbing and

slipping against each other.

Look for details and summarize them using simple words and short sentences.

Answer the questions.Answer the questions.

11

3 Read the paragraph. Write the main idea. Then circle the correct answer.

4 Listen to the passage about the earthquake in San Francisco. Write the details on a separate piece of paper.

In 1906, a big earthquake hit the city of San Francisco in the United States. It was one of the most powerful earthquakes in history. It destroyed nearly 80 percent of the city and many people were killed. Buildings fell down and bridges fell into the water. Almost 300,000 people were left without homes. The cost of the damage was said to be more than $400 million.

Complete the table. Then tell the class.

Main idea: stated / unstated

1 What happened to the buildings and bridges?

2 What happened to the people?

1 What caused the huge fires?

2 Why couldn’t firefighters get water to stop the fires?

Information from Activity G Information from Activity H

12

Read the paragraph. Write the main idea. Then circle the correct answer.

In 1906, a big earthquake hit the city of San Francisco in the United States. It was one of the most powerful earthquakes in history. It destroyed nearly 80 percent of the city and many people were killed. Buildings fell down and bridges fell into the water. Almost 300,000 people were left without homes. The cost of the damage was said to be more than $400 million.

Main idea: stated I unstated

Listen to the passage about the earthquake in San Francisco. Write the details on a separate piece of paper.

Complete the table. Then tell the class.

Information from Activity G Information from Activity H

1 What happened to the buildings and 1 What caused the huge fires? bridges?

2 What happened to the people? 2 Why couldn't firefighters get water to stop the fires?

Identifying cause-and-effect chains

A cause-and-effect chain begins with an event that produces an effect, which then becomes the "cause" of another effect, and so on. Identifying this chain in a passage helps you link events.

Complete the chain to show cause and effect.

A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines hove canceled or diverted flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.

Cause

1 volcanic

eruption

in Iceland

-- Effect/ Cause

2 ash ___ _

Effect/ Cause Effect

3 airlines 4 passengers

13

ingilizdili.org

semester n one of the two periods (of 15 to 18 weeks each) into which a school year is divided p. 24

···· ····· ····· ······· ·· ········ ············ ······ ········· ······· ··········· ···· ···· ······· ·········· ··· ···· ······ ··· ···· ············ ··· ····· ···· ··· ······ ····· ··· settlement n a group of houses and buildings where people live, in an

area where no group lived before ······· ··· ···· ······ ····· ······ ·· ···· ········ ···· ····· ···· ········ ··· ···· ··· ······· ···· ··· ···· ············ ···· ·· ····· ····· ······· ····· ····· ·········· ·· signature n the special writing of a name p. 64 ········ ··· ········· ···· ··· ········ ······· ··· ···· ··· ···· ··· ····· ················ ··· ···· ···· ···· ··· ····· ········ ······· ··· ············· ·· ········ ·· ···· ··· ····· ··· · skyscraper n a very tall modern city building p. 31 ······· ········ ··· ····· ·· ······ ··· ··· ···· ·· ···· ··· ········· ······· ··· ····· ········· ·· ·· ··· ···· ······ ···· ············· ··· ······· ········· ······· ·· ········ ········· space shuttle n a vehicle that goes into space and back to Earth p. 50 ·· ······· ····· ········ ············ ···· ·· ······· ······ ········ ······· ······ ···· ···· ··· ······ ····· ···· ···· ····· ······ ··· ···· ··················· ·········· ··········· stable adj not changing ; safe p. 14 ···· ······ ······· ······· ···· · ········ ····· ······· ······· ······· ··· ···· ·· ···· ···· ··········· ···· ····· ···· ··· ··· ··· ···· ······· ·············· ········ ······· ···· ·· ··· stadium n a large area with a field surrounded by rows of seats, for

watching sports events or concerts ·· ······ ·········· ··· ···· ·· ·········· ········· ·· ····· ········ ········· ······· ···· ·········· ···· ······ ······ ··· ··· ·· ·· ·· ····· ······ ······ ·············· ········ ··· stress n force or energy on an object ···· ······· ······· ··· ·· ········ ······ ····· ······· ··· ···· ·· ···· ···· ···· ·········· ····· ··········· ··· ···· ······ ········ ·········· ········· ··········· ······· ······· · stretch v to continue over a wide and open space or area; to go on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . student exchange program n a program in which a student, usually in high school, chooses

to live in a another country to learn language and culture p. 60 ·· ·· ··· ····· ·· ·· ············· ··· ····· ·· ·········· ········ ······ ······ ·········· ······ ··· ···· ········· ···· ·· ····· ··· ··· ···· ··· ····· ···· ··· ······· ··· ···· ··· ····· ··· sudden adj happening quickly and unexpectedly ·· ········· ······· ···· ········ ···· ····· ··· ····· ····· ···· ··· ······· ··· ····· ······· ······ ··· ···· ··· ···· ······· ··· ··· ···· ······ ····· ·· ········ ·· ··· ·· ··········· ···· ·

p.50

p.34

p. 10

p.54

p. 10

eading 4 Audio CD

theme n the main subject or idea; style p.20 ················· ······ ······ ···· ······ ·· ·· ··· ··· ·· ····· ··· ····· ········· ················· ··············· ··········· ·· ··············· ·····

transport v to take goods or people from one place to another in a vehicle p. 30 ····· ··· ···· ······· ········· ····· ······ ···· ··· ······· ··········· ··· ··· ···· ··· ······· ···· ······· ······ ··· ·· ················· ··· ··· ····· ··· ······ ····· ····· ···· ·· ··· troll n a very large or very ugly creature from folklore p. 24 ······· ······· ········· ··· · ···· ···· ··· ··· ···· ············ ·········· ····· ·· ······ ··· ··· ···· ··········· ··· ··· ··· ············ ···· ······· ····· ···· ··· ··· · ··· ······· ·· tune

n a series of musical notes that are played or sung to make a pattern of sound; melody

p.44 ······· ··· ·· ···· ··· ······· ·········· ··· ·· · ···· ····· ··· ·· ···· ··· ······· ··· ···· ···· ··· ······ ············· ······· ······· ······· ········· ··· ······· ·· ········ typhoon

adj of or relating to a typhoon-a very strong and dangerous storm in the western Pacific or Indian oceans p. 31 ··· ············ ······ ·· ····· ·· ···· ·· ··· ··· ···· ········ ·········· ·····.·· ······· ··· ········· ········ ·················· ············ ········· ·········· ····

m ultra prefix/adv very; extremely p. 34 ·· ······ ········· ····· ······ ···· ······· ··· ······· ············ ····· ······· ·· ······ ············· ···· ··· ···· ····· ··· ········· ··· ·· ········· ··· ······· ··· ······· ·· ··· ' up-and-coming adj likely to be successful and popular p. 44 ···· ···· ······· ·············· ····· ···· ··· ·· ············· ······ ·· ·· ······· ············ ····· ·· ···· ···· ···· ··· ······ ······· ········· ···· ··· ······ ···· ···· ········ ··· ·

version n a form that is different from an earlier or original type p. 20 ······· ········· ···· ···· ··· ········ ····· ····· ········· ··· ·· ····· ········ ········· ··· ········· ······ ··· ···· ······ ··· ·········· ······ ···· ··· ··· ······ ····· vie v to compete very hard p. 34 ·· ···· ············ ·· ······ ··· ···· ··· ···· ·· ·· ·· ········ ······· ··············· ····· ···· ··· ··· ···· ··· ·· ··· ·· ······· ····· ········ ·· ········ ···· ········ ··········· ··· · Viking adj of or from the Vikings-ancient people from Scandinavia in

...... ... .... ..... .... ... ................. .... ...... . ~~r?P.: .. vv~? .~~il.~~ . in .. s~iP.s . ~n·d· .t.o.o.k . 1.a.n~~ .bY. fi.g.~ti~9 ... .... ........ ........ . P:. ~~ violently adv with great force or power p. 1 0 ······ ········ ····· ·· ··········· ······· ······· ··· ··· ····· ··· ··· ···· ······ ··· ····· ······ ······· ···· ··· ······ ··· ···· ··· ··· ··· ··· ···· ··· ······ ·· ···· ···· ·· ··········· vocal n the part of a piece of music that is sung p. 40 ········ ···· ···· ··· ·············· ······· ··············· ··· ······· ·· ······ ········· ··········· ······· ···· ···· ············ ·········· ······ ······ ············ ····· ··· volcanic eruption n explosion of a volcano, where smoke, fire and rock burst out

from inside the volcano and up into the sky p. 14 ···· ·· ··········· ···· ··· ······ ··· ····· ·········· ········ ··· ······· ········· ··· ······· ······· ···· ······ ··· ···· ··· ·· ···· ···· ··· ··· ······· ···· ········· ······ ··· ····· voyage n a long journey in a ship p. 54 ··· ······· ······· ······ ······ ···· ····· ····· ······· ···· ··· ······· ···· ·· ···· ·· ···· ········· ··············· ······ ·· ··· ······· ·· ··· ···· ·········· ········· ···· ········

Unit Activity I Track Duration

c 2 2:02

1 G 3 0:37

H 4 0:49 c 5 2:07

2 G 6 0:43

Review 1 A 7 1:54 c 8 2:08

3 G 9 0:47 c 10 2:24

4 H 11 1:12

Unit Activity I Track Duration

c 18 2:08

7 G 19 0:24

H 20 0:29

c 21 3:09 8

G 22 0:56

A 23 1:19 Review4 c 24 1:29

c 25 2:07

9 G 26 0:34

H 27 0:47

warrior n a fighter or soldier p.24 ···· ····· ······ ··· ···· ····· ··· ·········· ·· ······ ····· ···· ··· ······· ········ ······· ···· ·· ·· ··· ··· ···· ······ ······ ··· ·· ····· ··· ······· ···· ····· ····· ········ ··· ··· · windsurfing n the sport of sailing across water by standing on a board and

holding on to a large sail p. 64 · · ·· · ··· · ·· · ·· · ··· · ··· · · · · ···· ··· ··· ···· ··· ··· ···· ······· ··· ····· ·········· ······· ··· ··· ···· ··· ·· ····· ··· ·········· ··· ···· ··· ······ ······ ···· ···· ···· ····· ··· ···· wireless adj without wires; of or relating to data communications using

radio waves p. 34 ···· ··········· ········· ··· · ··· ··············· ··· ··········· ······· ···· ···· ······················ · ······· ··········· ······ ·· ··· ···· ···· ····· ······· ······ ···· ····

A 12 0:57 Review 2

D 13 1:14

c 14 2:49 5

E 15 0:57

6 c 16 2:13 Review 3 A 17 2:19

10 c 28 2:29 A 29 1:23

Review 5 D 30 0:59

c 31 2:26 11

G 32 0:57

12 c 33 4:13

A 34 1:20 Review 6

E 35 2:08

••• ••• PEARSON ------­Longman • •