borrador de tesis de alex
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIVERSIDAD ANDINA
“NÉSTOR CÁCERES VELÁSQUEZ”
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
CARRERA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE ENFERMERÍA
PROYECTO DE TESIS
CONOCIMIENTOS SOBRE LA ESTIMULACIÓN TEMPRANA
EN MADRES Y SU INFLUENCIA EN EL DESARROLLO
PSICOMOTOR EN NIÑOS CON RIESGO DE DISCAPACIDAD
DE 0 A 3 AÑOS DE EDAD QUE ASISTEN AL PROGRAMA
DE INTERVENCIÓN TEMPRANA, ULIACA! ABRIL" ULIO
DEL #0$%
PRESENTADO POR:
• SILVIA TORRES BARRAGAN• PILAR YUCRA MACHACA
DIRECTORA DE TESIS:
MG. TERESA RAMOS ROJAS
Juliaca - Per
!"#$
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%NDICE
CAPITULO I
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
A. ENUNCIADO DEL PROBLEMA
B. DELIMITACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
C. JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
D. LIMITACIONES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
E. OBJETIVOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
CAPITULO II
MARCO TE&RICO
A. BASES TEÓRICAS
B. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
CAPITULO III
HIP&TESIS Y VARIABLES
A. HIPÓTESIS GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICO
B. OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES
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CAPITULO IV
METODOLOG%A DE LA INVESTIGACI&N
A. TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN
B. POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA
C. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN Y EXCLUSIÓN
D. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS
E. TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS
F. ANALISIS Y PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS
CAPITULO V
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSI&N
A. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
B. CONCLUSIÓNES
C. RECOMENDACIONES
D. ANEXOS
E. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
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CAPITULO I
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA Se
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RIESGO DE DISCAPACIDAD
C&MO LOGRAR LA PREVENCI&N/
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TRASTORNOS DEL DESARROLLO
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A. ENUNCIADO DEL PROBLEMA
PROBLEMA GENERAL.
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PROBLEMA ESPEC%6ICOS
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D. LIMITACIONES DE INVESTIGACI&N:
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-e %1% -&+e((&,!e% -,8&(&"+% e! *#" %e!*&-, %e "#% e("10,. Te!&e!-,
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E. OBJETIVO DE LA INVESTIGACI&N
OBJETIVO GENERAL.
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CAPITULO II
MARCO TE&RICO
#. CONOCIMIENTOS DE LAS MADRES SOBRE NI;OS CON RIESGO DE
DISCAPACIDAD
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RECI=N NACIDO - > MESES
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E! /,%&(&)! 7,(# #7#, !, "e2#!*# %1 (#7e5#.
N, /1e-e -&+&g&+ %1 (#7e5# 0 %1% 8#!,% 9#( "# "3!e#
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c1,u4icai)1
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N, +e#"&5# %eg1&8&e!*, 2&%1#".
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-
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DESARROLLO DEL MOTOR GRUESO
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#+8,!&,%#8e!*e ",% 8%(1",% -e %1 (1e+/, 0 /,(, # /,(, 8#!*e!e+ e"
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DESARROLLO DEL MOTOR 6INO
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Le /e+8&*&+> #" !&, (,8/+e!-e+ +e"#(&,!#+ #-#/*#+%e # !1e2#% %&*1#(&,!e%
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-
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-&+e(*#8e!*e e" &!g+e%, e(,!)8&(, '#8&"+ ;1e /e+8&*e "# /,%&7&"&-#- , !, -e
%#*&%'#(e+ "#% !e(e%&-#-e% 7>%&(#% -e *,-,% ",% &!*eg+#!*e% -e "# '#8&" %&e!-,'1!-#8e!*#"8e!*e #"&8e!*#(&)! 2&2&e!-# 2e%*&-, %#"1- 0 e-1(#(&)!.
!.- DESARROLLO DE LA PSICOMOTRICIDAD DE LOS NI;OS CON RIESGO
DE DISCAPACIDAD.
DESARROLLO INTEGRAL DEL NI;O MENOR DE TRES A;OS.
E" -e%#++,"", &!*eg+#" -e" !&, %e e!*&e!-e (,8, 1!# %e+&e -e /+,(e%,% ;1e %e
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*+#!%',+8#(&,!e% ;1e %e %1(e-e! 0 (,!*&!#! 9#%*# "# #-1"*e5 e! "#% >+e#%
'3%&(# (,g!&*&2# "e!g1#e /%&(,8,*,+# 8,+#" %e1#" %,(" 0 #'e(*&2#.
A%&8&%8, 9#(e +e'e+e!( #" /+,(e%, (,8/"e, e! e" ;1e &!*e+#(*#! #%/e(*,%
/%&(,")g&(,% #'e(*&2,% (,g!&*&2,% #87&e!*#"e% %,(&,e(,!)8&(,% 0 (1"*1+#"e%
8e-!*e e" (1#" e" &!-&2&-1, #-;1&e+e 1!# (+e(&e!*e (#/#(&-#- /#+# 8,2e+%e
/e!%#+ (,,+-&!#+ %e!*&+ e &!*e+#(*1#+ (,! ",% ,*+,% 0 e" 8e-&, ;1e ", +,-e#. E!
%3!*e%&% e% #;1e"", ;1e "e /e+8&*e &!(,+/,+#+%e e! ',+8# #(*&2# 0 *+#!%',+8#-,+# #
"# %,(&e-#- e! "# ;1e 2&2e.
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De%-e e" /1!*, -e 2&%*# "# Ne1+,(&e!( #/,+*# 1!# 2&%&)! -&'e+e!*e -e" -e%#++,"",
-e" !&,. E!*e!-e8,% (,8, !e1+,(&e!(% #" (,!1!*, -e (&e!(% (10, %1e*, -e
&!2e%*&g#(&)! e% e" %&%*e8# !e+2&,%, (,8, /#+*&(1"#+ &!*e+% e! (,8, "# #(*&2&-#-
-e" (e+e7+, %e +e"#(&,!# (,! "# (,!-1(*# 0 e" #/+e!-&5#e.
Seg! #!-e" S(9#+*5 0 Je%%e"" %1 ,7e*&2, 6e% e!*e!-e+ ()8, e" e!('#",
/+,-1(e "# 8#+(9# &!-&2&-1#" -e "# #((&)! 918#!#:.
L,% #2#!(e% e! !e1+,(&e!( 9#! (,!'&+8#-, /,%&(&,!e% *e)+&(#% #-e"#!*#-#% /,+
"# /%&(,",g3# -e" -e%#++,"", /,+ #,% *#"e% (,8, "# &8/,+*#!( -e "# e/e+&e!(
*e8/+#!# e! e" -e%#++,"",.
E" #/+e!-&5#e (#87 "# e%*+1(*1+# '3%&(# -e" (e+e7+,. L,% (#87&,% e%*+1(*1+#"e%
#"*e+#! "# ,+g#!&5#(&)! '1!(&,!#" -e" (e+e7+, E! ,*+#% /#"#7+#% e" #/+e!-&5#e
,+g#!&5# 0 +e,+g#!&5# e" (e+e7+,. E" (e+e7+, e% 1! )+g#!, -&!>8&(, 8,"-e#-, e!
g+#! /#+*e /,+ "# e/e+&e!(. L# ,+g#!&5#(&)! '1!(&,!#" -e" (e+e7+, -e/e!-e -e "#
e/e+&e!( 0 %e 7e!e'&( /,%&*&2#8e!*e -e e""# $B+#!%',+- B+,! 0 (,(9&!g
4.
6E" (e+e7+, e% 8,"-e#-, /,+ ",% ge!e% e" -e%#++,"", 0 "# e/e+&e!( /e+, "
8,"-e# %1% e/e+&e!(% 0 "# (1"*1+# -,!-e 2&2e:. S0"e%*e+ $ A;OS.
L#% (#+#(*e+3%*&(#% -e ",% !&,% 0 "#% !&#% -e # #,% %e 17&(#! e! "#% >+e#%
, >87&*,% -e" -e%#++,"", e" '3%&(,8,*,+ E" -e%#++,"", &!*e"e(*1#" , (,g!&*&2, e"
"e!g1#e 0 e" e8,(&,!#" e" -e%#++,"", e! (#-# >+e# , >87&*, e%*> e! e%*+e(9#
+e"#(&)! (,! "#% ,*+#% /,+ ", ;1e ",% ",g+,% e! 1!# /+,2,(#! ",g+,% e! "# ,*+# .
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!.#. (REA MOTORA:
E" *+8&!, 8,*,+ %e +e'&e+e # (1#";1&e+ 8,2&8&e!*, ee(1*#-,. L#% /+&8e+#%
+e#((&,!e% -e" +e(&! !#(&-, *&e!e (#+>(*e+ 8,*,+ 0 %e (#+#(*e+&5#! /,+ %e+
#((&,!e% -&'1%#% ;1e (#+e(e! -e /+,/)%&*, ""#8#-#% +e'"e,%. /,%*e+&,+8e!*e /,+
e'e(*, -e "# 8#-1+#(&)! g+#-1#" -e" %&%*e8# !e+2&,%, ",% 8,2&8&e!*,% ",g+#! 1!
%e!*&-, e/",+#*,+&, 0 e% # *+#2% -e e"",% ;1e e" /e;1e, ,7*&e!e &!',+8#(&)!
#(e+(# -e %3 8&%8, 0 -e" 81!-, ;1e ", +,-e#. $ ;1e e" !&,K# (,!%&g#
1! 8#0,+ -,8&!&, %,7+e %1 /+,/&, (1e+/, 0 /,+ *#!*, ",g+e 8>% #1*,!,83# e"
*+#7#, *e+#/1*&(, %e 9#+> &!(&-&e!-, *#!*, %,7+e e" /+,/&, (1e+/, (,8, %,7+e "#%
+e"#(&,!e% ;1e %*e e%*#7"e(e (,! e" e!*,+!,.
L#% 8#!&'e%*#(&,!e% -e (#-# *+#%*,+!, %,! 810 &!-&2&-1#"e% -e (#-# (#%, /e%e #
(#+#(*e+&5#+%e /,+ 1!,% +#%g,% 7>%&(,% (,81!e%. Pe+, e% 810 &8/,+*#!*e +e#"&5#+
1! 71e! -g!)%*&(, e! e" !&,K# /#+# 2e+ %& %1'+e -e #"g! *+#%*,+!, ,
-&%(#/#(&-#- '3%&(#: /#+# e!',(#+ (,++e(*#8e!*e e" *+#*#8&e!*, , +ee-1(#(&)!. $
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L# 8#0,+ /#+*e -e" -e%#++,"", (e+e7+#" ,(1++e #!*e% -e ;1e e" !&, (18/"# #,%
-e e-#-. A" 8&%8, *&e8/, ;1e "#% !e1+,!#% -e" !&, /+,"&'e+#! 0 "#% %&!#/%&%
e%*#7"e(e! !1e2#% (,!e&,!e% # g+#! 2e",(&-#- %e -e'&!e! "#% /#1*#% /#+# e"
+e%*, -e "# 2&-#. E! e%e "#/%, -e 8e%e% ",% !&,% #-;1&e+e! "# (#/#(&-#-
-e /e!%#+ 9#7"#+ #/+e!-e+ +#5,!#+ 0 %e e%*#7"e(e! ",% '1!-#8e!*,% -e ",%
(,8/,+*#8&e!*,% %,("e% 0 7&,")g&(,% ;1e ", 8#+(#+>! -1+#!*e *,-# "# 2&-#
#-1"*#. $
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AUDICI&N: e" %e!*&-, -e" ,3-, (,!%*&*10e 1! 8e-&, &8/,+*#!*e # *+#2% -e"
(1#" e" !&, %e +e"#(&,!# (,! %1% #87&e!*e #/+e!-e e" "e!g1#e 0 #" e%*&81"#+
e%*e %e!*&-, " 7e7e ,7*&e!e 7e!e'&(&,% (,8, %,! -e%#++,"", &!*e"e(*1#"
-&%(+&8&!# 0 /+,-1(e %,!&-,% ;1e e%(1(9#.
TACTO: /,+ 8e-&, -e" %e!*&-, -e" *#(*, e" !&, e/e+&8e!*# "# ',+8# *e*1+#
*#8#, -1+e5# 0 ,*+#% (#+#(*e+3%*&(#% -e ",% ,7e*,% (,! ",% ;1e %1 /&e" e!*+# e!
(,!*#(*,. E% 1!, -e ",% 2#"&,%,% 8e-&,% -e ;1e -&%/,!e " 7e7e /#+# e/",+#+ e"
81!-, 0 #/+e!-e+. E% # *+#2% -e "# /&e" ;1e e" 7e7 +e(&7e e" 8#0,+ !8e+, -e
e%*381",% #'e(*&2,% e! e*#/#% *e8/+#!#% 0 ",% 7e!e'&(&,% ;1e ,7*&e!e %,!
-e%#++,"", -e %1 %eg1+&-#- #01-# #" e;1&"&7+&, '3%&(, 0 e8,(&,!#".
OL6ATO: e%*e %e!*&-, e% 1!, -e "#% 8>% -e%#++,""#-,% #" !#(e+ e" +e(&!
!#(&-, -&'e+e!( e" ,",+ -e %1% 8#-+e #" -e (1#";1&e+ ,*+# /e+%,!#. E! "#
8#0,+3# -e ",% #87&e!*e% e" #/#+#*, ,"'#*,+&, -e" !&, %e ee+(&*# (,!%*#!*e8e!*e 0
e%*e %e (,!%*&*10e e! ,*+, (#!#" -e #/+e!-&5#e &8/,+*#!*e.
GUSTO: e" 7e7 /,%ee #" !#(e+ #"g1!# %e!%&7&"&-#- g1%*#*&2# ;1e %e ,7%e+2# e!
%1 +e#((&)! #!*e e%*381",% -&'e+e!*e% # "# "e(9e. L#% e/e+&e!(% ,'+e(&-#% e!
e%*e #%/e(*, "e /e+8&*e! /,%*e+&,+8e!*e +e(,!,(e+ -&%(+&8&!#+ e &!*e+/+e*#+ (,!
/+e(&%&)! 1!# #8/" g#8# -e e%*381",% g1%*#*&2,%.
E" -e%#++,"", 0 e" #/+e!-&5#e -e ",% !&,% , !&#% (,! -&%(#/#(&-#- (,g!&*&2# e!
e-#- *e8/+#!# +e;1&e+e! -e #(*&2&-#-e% /+,g+#8#-#% (,8, +1*&!#% 1eg,% -e
+e/e*&(&)! %e(1e!(% 0 )+-e!e% %e!(&""#% -e #(*&2&-#-e%. $4
E% &8/,+*#!*e g#+#!*&5#+ "# %eg1+&-#- -e" !&, 0 "# !&# /+,(1+#!-, #87&e!*e%
%#"1-#7"e% 0 %eg1+,% e% -e(&+ ;1e !, /+e%e!*e! +&e%g,% -e #((&-e!*e%.
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E" ,7e*&2, -e "# e-1(#(&)! !, (,!%&%*e e! #(e"e+#+ , #/+e%1+#+ e" -e%#++,"",
8e!*#" -e" !&, , !&# %&!, e! #/+,2e(9#+ *,-, %1 /,*e!(" -e%-e e" /+&!(&/&,.
• L#% 9#7&"&-#-e% &!*e"e(*1#"e% 8e8,+ /e+(e/(&)! &8&*#(&)! #*e!(&)! 0
%,"1(&)! -e /+,7"e8#%.• L#% 9#7&"&-#-e% /#+# -e%e8/e#+%e e! "# 2&-# (,*&-!# 7##+%e 2e%*&+%e
0 (,8e+ %,",.• L#% 9#7&"&-#-e% %,("e% e/+e%&)! -e #'e(*, +e"#(&,!e% 0 /#+*&(&/#(&)!• L# %#"1- '3%&(# 0 8e!*#" !1*+&(&)! %#"1- ,+#" %#"1- 2&%1#" 0 %#"1- #1-&*&2#.• E" (,!*e*, e" #/,0, -e "# '#8&" e! ",% /+,(e%,% -e #/+e!-&5#e -e" !&, ,
!&# 1! #87&e!*e e%(,"#+ 0 +e(+e#*&2, &!("1%&2, ;1e +e%/e*e "#% -&'e+e!(%
e! e" #/+e!-&5#e g1%*,% 9#7&"&-#-e% e!*+e ,*+,%.• E" !&, , !&# (,! -&%(#/#(&-#- (,g!&*&2# e% #!*e *,-, 1! %e+ 918#!, /,+
", *#!*, %e +e(,8&e!-# !, 1*&"&5#+ e/+e%&,!e% !eg#*&2#% ;1e /1e-#! #'e(*#+
%1 %eg1+&-#- #/+e!-&5#e 0 -&g!&-#-. $. (REA LENGUAJE:
E! e" /+,(e%, -e #-;1&%&(&)! 0 -e%#++,"", -e" "e!g1#e e% &8/,+*#!*e -&%*&!g1&+ *+e%
g+#!-e% >+e#% e" "e!g1#e +e(e/*&2, e" "e!g1#e e/+e%&2, 0 e" "e!g1#e #+*&(1"#-,
/+,(e%,% -e #/+e!-&5#e -e g+#! &8/,+*#!( /#+# %1 -e%#++,"", /,%*e+&,+ e!*+e ",%
;1e %e /1e-e %e#"#+ "# #-;1&%&(&)! -e "# (#/#(&-#- /#+# (,81!&(#+%e # *+#2%
-e -&'e+e!*e% 8,-#"&-#-e% 8,2&8&e!*,% 8&+#-#% ge%*,% 7#"71(e, 0
/,%*e+&,+8e!*e 8e-!*e "# /#"#7+# 9#7"#-#. $4
A *+#2% -e "# (,81!&(#(&)! 2e+7#" e" !&, , !&# e%*#7"e(e 1! (,!*#(*, (e+(#!,
0 #(*&2, (,! ",% #-1"*,% (,!*#(*,% %&g!&'&(#*&2,% 1g#!-, 1! &8/,+*#!*e +," e! e"
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-e%#++,"", -e" 23!(1", #'e(*&2, 0 e! e" (,!,(&8&e!*, -e" 81!-, ;1e ", +,-e#. L#
#8/"(&)! -e" 2,(#71"#+&, e% 1! &8/,+*#!*e #/+e!-&5#e -e e%*e /e+&,-, 0 "#
"e(*1+# (,8/#+*&-# e% 1!# e%*+#*eg (+1(" /#+# e"",.
E" (1e!*, , !#++#(&)! e% 1! e%/#(&, 1!# ,/,+*1!&-#- -e #*e!(&)! (,8/#+*&-#
e!*+e e" !&, , !&# 0 e" #-1"*,. A *+#2% -e "# "e(*1+# -e (1e!*,% #/+e!-e #
/#+*&(&/#+ 2e+7#"8e!*e # 8#!&/1"#+ ",% "&7+,%. A/+e!-e "# +e"#(&)! ;1e e&%*e e!*+e
e"",% 0 e" 81!-, ;1e ", +,-e# 0 "# +e"#(&)! e!*+e ",% *e*,% ;1e %e "e "ee! 0 "#%
&8>ge!e%. A-e8>% -e "# "e(*1+# -e (1e!*,% -e7e (,!%&-e+#+%e %&e8/+e "#
&8/,+*#!( -e" "e!g1#e e! "#% #(*&2&-#-e% (,*&-!#% -e ",% !&,% 0 !&#%. E%*e
#/+e!-&5#e e% ;1&5>% e" ;1e *&e!e 8>% ,/,+*1!&-#-e% !#*1+#"e% /#+# %e+
#7#+7#-, 8#0,+e% (,!*e*,% 8#0,+ (#!*&-#- -e +e(1+%,% # "# 8#!, /#+#
e!%e#+",. $4
!.. (REA SOCIO- A6ECTIVA:
El sostén emocional se da en el marco de un vínculo estable, un vínculo
de aego, con los cuidadores rimarios. Este vínculo se establece desde
el momento del nacimiento ! ermite construir un la"o emocional íntimo
con ellos.
#esarrollo emocional.
$a regulaci%n a&ectiva solo uede tener lugar en el conte'to de una
relaci%n con otro ser umano. El contacto &ísico ! emocional ablar,
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abra"ar, tran*uili"ar+ ermite al nio establecer la calma en situaciones
de necesidad e ir arendiendo a regular or sí mismo sus emociones.
-nte todo, ara la observaci%n del desarrollo emocional
./ 0bservar la &orma en *ue el nio se vincula con sus cuidadores !
ersonas de su entorno.
1./ Evaluar el estado de 2nimo, los sentimientos *ue redominan
(alegría, eno3o, interés, diversi%n, celos, amor), la variedad, la
ro&undidad ! la adecuaci%n de esos sentimientos, así como la
caacidad de regularlos.4./ 0bservar si el nio resenta estados de ansiedad e'resados en su
conducta, 3uego o verbali"aciones, ! la resencia de miedos.
5./$os nios e'resan en el 3uego, ! luego verbali"ando, los temas *ue
corresonden al momento del desarrollo *ue atraviesan ! las situaciones
*ue viven. (15)
B. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACI&N
#. A 4i)el I4er4aci14al.
El1 J. Pi4e2a Pre*F El0a Guirre* Bar+ +e#"&5#+,! e% e%*1-&, *&*1"#-, 6V&%&)! 0
Pe+%/e(*&2# -e%-e e" (,!*e*, '#8&"+ e! e" (3+(1", &!'#!*&" e%/e(": (10, ,7e*&2,
'1e
(,!%*#*#+ e" (,!,(&8&e!*, ;1e *&e!e! ",% /#-+e% 0 "#% 8#-+e% %,7+e "#
e2,"1(&)! 0 /,%&7&"&-#-e% '1*1+#% -e ",% !&,% /,+*#-,+e% -e e%*# e!'e+8e-#-
ge!*&(# "#% -&'&(1"*#-e% -e" -e%#++,"", !e1+,/%&(,8,*,+ 0 ",% -&'e+e!*e% *&/,% -e
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8&!1%2#"3#. Se +e#"&5) 1!# &!2e%*&g#(&)! (1#%& e/e+&8e!*#" -e &!*e+2e!(&)! (,!
-&%e, -e e%*1-&, #!*e%-e%/1% (,! g+1/, (,!*+," !, e;1&2#"e!*e e! e" C3+(1",
I!'#!*&" E%/e(" Z1!5! -e" 81!&(&/&, P"#0# C&1-#- -e L# H#7#!# -e%-e
8#+5, # 1!&, -e" #, Q. L# /,7"#(&)! 0 "# 81e%*+# ", (,!%*&*10e+,! *,-#% "#%
8#-+e% , /#-+e% -e ",% !&,% %3!-+,8e D,! 8#*+&(1"#-,% e! "# &!%*&*1(&)!
%e#"#-#. L, (,!%*&*10e+,! 8#-+e% 0 /#-+e% ;1e 2&2e! e! 2#+&,% 81!&(&/&,%
-e C&1-#- -e L# H#7#!#. Se +e#"&5) e! '#%e% 0 %e #/"&(#+,! *#""e+e%.
A!*e% -e &8/#+*&+ ",% *#""e+e% e" @ -e ",% /#-+e% +e(,!,(3# ;1e %1 9&,
/+e%e!*#7# 1!# 8&!1%2#"3# /e+, -e%/1% -e &8/#+*&+ ",% *#""e+e% e" < @ -e ",%
/#-+e% +e(,!,(3# #"g1!# ,*+# ',+8# -e 8&!1%2#"3# e! %1 9&,.
A!*e% -e ",% *#""e+e% "# -&'&(1"*#- 8>% &8/,+*#!*e %e#"#-# /,+ ",% /#-+e% '1e e! e"
>+e# -e" "e!g1#e $ @4 -&'&(1"*#- e! e" #1*,2#"&-&%8, e! e" @ 0
-&'&(1"*#-e% /#+# (18/"&+ )+-e!e% e! e" @. De%/1% -e ",% *#""e+e% e! *,-#%
"#% >+e#% e!(1e%*#-#% #18e!*) , %e 8#!*12, e" (,!,(&8&e!*, %,7+e "#%
8&!1%2#"3#% , -&%(#/#(&-#-e%. E! e" >+e# -e" "e!g1#e ""eg) #" < @ e"
#1*,2#"&-&%8, #" ? @ 0 "#% -&'&(1"*#-e% /#+# +e"#(&,!#+%e (,! ,*+#% /e+%,!#% #"
@. E" ? @ -e ",% /#-+e% (+ee e! %1 9&, "#% /,%&7&"&-#-e% -e &!*eg+#+%e # "#
%,(&e-#- %,", /#-+e% !, ", (+ee! #%3. De%/1% -e ",% *#""e+e% #18e!*) #"
@. L,% /#-+e% 0 "#% 8#-+e% -e%e#! +e(&7&+ 8>% &!',+8#(&)! %,7+e ()8, e%*&81"#+
#" !&, e! #%/e(*,% *#! &8/,+*#!*e% (,8, e" "e!g1#e $< @4 e" #/+e!-&5#e
$? @4 "# %,("&5#(&)! $
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(,!,(e+ %,7+e *,-#% "#% >+e#% -e e%*&81"#(&)! 0 "# !e(e%&-#- 8#0,+ '1e e! e"
"e!g1#e e! < /#-+e% 0 8#-+e% $< @4 e" #/+e!-&5#e $Q @4 #%/e(*,% -e
%#"1- $ @4 0 "# e%'e+# %e1#" $? @4. Se +e(,8&e!-# A/"&(#+ *#""e+e% ;1e
8e,+e! "# &!',+8#(&)! #18e!*#!-, "# (#!*&-#- 0 "# (#"&-#- e! "#% ,+&e!*#(&,!e% #
",% /#-+e% -e !&,% (,! %3!-+,8e D,! &!("10e!-, 1! 23!(1", 8>% e%*+e(9,
e!*+e ",% (e!*+,% e%/e("&5#-,% 8-&(,% 0 e-1(#*&2,% (,! "# '#8&". L,% *#""e+e%
/1e-e! (,!%*&*1&+ 1!# e%*+#*eg -e &!*e+2e!(&)! e! "#% '#8&"% -e ",% !&,% (,!
%3!-+,8e -e D,! -,!-e %e *e!g#! e! (1e!*# %1% !e(e%&-#-e% 0 "#%
,+&e!*#(&,!e% ge!e+#"e% 0 e%/e(3'&(#% /#+# e" (,!,(&8&e!*, -e "# e!'e+8e-#- /,+
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-e" . C10, ,7e*&2, 7e!e'&(+ # "#% &!%*&*1(&,!e% ;1e ", /,!g#! e! /+>(*&(#
/#+# ;1e ",% !&,% #%&%*e!*e% (,!,5(#! e" 8e-&, ;1e "e +,-e# -e%#++,""e! %1%
9#7&"&-#-e% 8,*,+#% %e!%,+"e% (,g!,%(&*&2#% &!(+e8e!*#!-, %1 "e!g1#e 0
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e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# e! ",% !&,% S3!-+,8e -e D,! P#-+e% @ P#-+e% 0
8#e%*+,% @. L# e%*&81"#(&)! -e7e #7#+(#+ e" >+e# A'e(*&2# @ C,g!&*&2# @
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L# 8#e%*+# @ L# '#8&" @ N&, S3!-+,8e -e D,! T,-#% "#% #!*e+&,+e%
@ .E% &8/,+*#!*e &!',+8#+ # /#-+e% %,7+e "# ',+8# -e e%*&81"#+ # %1 9&,
S3!-+,8e -e D,! !-,%e # "#% !e(e%&-#-e% 0 ",g+,% -e
(#-# !&,. Re#"&5#+ -e ',+8# /e+&)-&(# "&%*#% -e (,*e, e! "#% (1#"e% %e +eg&%*+e e"
/+,g+e%, -e ",% !&,% (,! e" '&! -e Re -g!,%*&(#+ "#% >+e#% e%*&81"#-#%.
C#/#(&*#+ 0 #(*1#"&5#+ #" /e+%,!#" -,(e!*e (,! e" M#!1#" -e E%*&81"#(&)! /#+#
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!&,% e! "#% -&'e+e!*e% >+e#% #'e(*&2# (,g!&*&2# 0 /%&(,8,*+&5 1*&"&5#!-, e" M#!1#"
-e E%*&81"#(&)! Te8/+#!# /#+# !&,% S3!-+,8e -e D,! #-#/*#-, # (#-# (#%,.
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&8/"e8e!*#(&)! -e" M#!1#" -e E%*&81"#(&)! Te8/+#!# /#+# !&,% S3!-+,8e -e
D,! e! -&'e+e!*e% &!%*&*1(&,!e% ;1e #*&e!-#! # e%*# /,7"#(&)!. Ge!e+#+ &!*e+%
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#/"&(#+"# e! %1% 9&,%. D&'1!-&+ ",% 7e!e'&(&,% -e" M#!1#" -e E%*&81"#(&)!
Te8/+#!# e! !&,% S3!-+,8e -e D,! /#+# ge!e+#+ &!*e+% e! "# (,81!&-#-.
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#(*&*1-e% 0 /+>(*&(#% ;1e /,%ee! "#% 8#-+e% %,7+e e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# e!
!&,% 8e!,+e% -e #,% (,! %3!-+,8e -e D,! ;1e #(1-e! #" INFA -e "# (&1-#-
-e I7#++# e! "# /+,2&!( -e I87#71+# e! e" /e+&,-, (,8/+e!-&-, -e -&(&e87+e #
%e/*&e87+e -e"
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S3!-+,8e -e D,! %e e!(1e!*+#! e! e-#-e% /,+ -e7#, -e ",% ? #,% -e" *,*#"
-e "#% /e+%,!#% (,! SD e" @ !, 9# +e(&7&-, #*e!(&)! /%&(,/e-#g)g&(#. Seg!
-#*,% -e "# M&%&)! M#!1e"# E%/e, 0 -e" .@ !, *&e!e 23!(1", "#7,+#" e!
!1e%*+# %,(&e-#-. L,% +e%1"*#-,% ;1e %e 9#! *,8#-, 9# %&-, 8e-!*e "# e!(1e%*#
'1e #/"&(#-# # /#-+e% -e '#8&" ;1e #(1-e! (,! %1% !&,% #" (e!*+, -e
+e9#7&"&*#(&)! $I!%*&*1*, De L# N&e5 Y L# F#8&" INFA "# 8&%8# ;1e #7#+(# "#%
>+e#% #'e(*&2# (,g!&*&2# 0 /%&(,8,*+&5 -e" !&,. Re%1"*#-,% %e ,7%e+2# ;1e e"
.@ ;1e (,++e%/,!-e # /e+%,!#% e!*+e2&%*#-#% (,!,(e #(e+(# -e ", ;1e e%
"# e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!#. Se ,7%e+2#+ e" .@ -e ",% /#-+e% -e '#8&"
e!*+e2&%*#-,% !,% -&(e! ; "# e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# "# 9&(&e+,! 0 "# -e7e! # 9#(e+
# /#+*&+ -e" !#(&8&e!*, -e" !&, %&! e87#+g, "&%&% &!*e+!,
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e! "#% (1#"e% %e +eg&%*+e e" /+,g+e%, -e ",% !&,% (,! e" '&! -e -e*e+8&!#+ 0
+e',+5#+ %& %,! !e(e%#+% "#% >+e#% e%*&81"#-#%. C#/#(&*#+ 0 #(*1#"&5#+ #" /e+%,!#"
-,(e!*e (,! e" M#!1#" -e E%*&81"#(&)! /#+# !&,% (,! S3!-+,8e -e D,!
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-&'e+e!*e% >+e#% -e ",% !&,%.
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#'e(*&2# (,g!&*&2# 0 /%&(,8,*+&5 1*&"&5#!-, e" M#!1#" -e E%*&81"#(&)! Te8/+#!#
/#+# !&,% S3!-+,8e -e D,! #-#/*#-, # (#-# (#%,.
!. A 4i)el Naci14al.
De)icier Palaci10' Li0e Cri0i4a Reali*ar14 e" e%*1-&, +e#"&5#-, /,+ "#
U!&2e+%&-#- N#(&,!#" M#0,+ -e S#! M#+(,% e! "&8# Pe+ *&*1"#-,
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e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# # !&,% 8e!,+e% -e ? #,% -g!,%*&(#-,% (,! %3!-+,8e
-e D,! ;1e #(1-e! #" (e!*+, -e +e9#7&"&*#(&)! !1e%*+# '#8&" e! "# (&1-#- -e "#
/+,2&!( -e e%8e+#"-#% /e+3,-, #7+&" # 1"&, " (,!*) (,! 1!# 81e%*+#
-e
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8#-+e% 0 /#-+e% e! "# #/"&(#(&)! -e '&(9#% -e ,7%e+2#(&)!. Seg! e%*1-&,%
+e#"&5#-, /,+ "# U!&2e+%&-#- N#(&,!#" M#0,+ -e S#! M#+(,% e! "&8# Pe+
-e*e+8&!#! ;1e e" !&2e" -e (,!,(&8&e!*, -e "#% 8#-+e% %,7+e "# e%*&81"#(&)! e%
-e 8e-&, $Q.@4 e! %1 g+#! 8#0,+3# 0 e% !e(e%#+&, +e',+5#+ "#% /1!*,% ;1e
e%*>! e! -'&(&* 0# ;1e e%*, ge!e+#+3# 1! /+,7"e8# e! e" -e%#++,"", &!*eg+#" -e"
!&,. A (,8/#+#(&)! -e "# /+e%e!*e &!2e%*&g#(&)! ;1e 81e%*+# -e 8#!e+#
,7e*&2# ;1e 1! /+,8e-&, #/+,&8#-, -e" ?@ -e ",% /#-+e% 0 8#-+e% -e '#8&"
%#7e! 0 (,!,(e! %,7+e "# e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# ;1e %e -e7e -#+ -e 8#!e+#
,/,+*1!# # %1% 9&,% /e+, %&! e87#+g, 1!# -e "#% -e7&"&-#-e% ;1e %e /1-,
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+e#"&5#! , !, ", ee(1*#! -e 8#!e+# #-e(1#-# ", ;1e &8/"&(# e" !, *e!e+
8#*e+"e% -&->(*&(,% *#8/,(, e" (,!*#+ (,! 1! >+e# -&%/,!&7"e %,", /#+# %1%
9&,% e! e" 8,8e!*, -e e%*&81"#+", 0 "# '#"*# -e (,!*+," -e ",% /#-+e% 9#( #"
8e!,+ e! (#-# 1!# -e "#% #(*&2&-#-e% ", ;1e 2# # -&'&(1"*#+ ;1e ",% /#-+e% ",g+e!
e%*&81"#+",% (,8, %e +e;1&e+e -,!-e #-e8>% -e e%*e e%*1-&, *+#*# -e
(,8/+,8e*e+ # ",% /#-+e% # 1!# /#+*&(&/#(&)! 8>% #(*&2# %&+2&e!-, e%*, -e
&!(e!*&2, # ,*+,% /#-+e% ;1e +e(&! e8/&e(e! e! e%*# "#+g# e*#/# -e #/+e!-&5#e 0
-e g13# -e e%*1-&, 0 -e8>% &!%*&*1(&,!e% /7"&(#% , /+&2#-#% ;1e &8/#+*#!
e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!#.
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8#-+e% 0 /#-+e% -e '#8&" e! "# e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# *#87&! -e/e!-e -e
8"*&/"e% '#(*,+e% ;1e /1e-e! &8/e-&+ ;1e ",% /#-+e% (,!,5(#! 0 %e &!',+8e!
%,7+e (,8, e%*&81"#+ #-e(1#-#8e!*e # %1% 9&,% 0# %e#! e%*,% e(,!)8&(,%
%,("e% 0 7&,")g&(,% e &8/,%&7&"&*e! ;1e %1% 9&,% +e(&7#! e%*# e%*&81"#(&)! -e%-e
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%1 9,g#+ 0 %,", %e "&8&*e! #" &8/#+*&-, /,+ -e*e+8&!# &!%*&*1(&)! , e! ,*+,%
%&8/"e8e!*e !, "# +e(&7#!. C#7e (,!("1&+ ;1e #" /+&!(&/&, !, 2# # %e+ '>(&" 7+&!-#+
e%*# e%*&81"#(&)! /e+, (,! e" *&e8/, ",% !&,% $#%4 %e 2#! # #(,%*187+#+ 0
',+8#+e8,% e! e"",% 1!# +1*&!# ;1e "e% %e+2&+> (,8, &!%*+18e!*, /#+# e" '1*1+,
-e%e!2,"2&8&e!*, e! %1 2&-# e%(,"#+.
CAPITULO III
A. HIP&TESIS Y VARIABLES
HIP&TESIS GENERAL
E" *&/, -e (,!,(&8&e!*, -e "#% 8#-+e% ;1e &!'"10e! e! e" -e%#++,"", /%&(,8,*,+ e!
!&,% (,! +&e%g, -e -&%(#/#(&-#- -e # #,% ;1e #%&%*e! #" P+,g+#8# -e
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I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!# J1"(#. E%*1--,% e!*+e ",% 8e%e% -e A7+&" J1"&, -e" #,
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#.-C141ci,ie4102e la0 ,a2re0
#.#C141ci,ie410013reE0i,ulaci+4e,7ra4a
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METODOLOG%A DE LA INVESTIGACI&N
A. TIPO DE INVESTIGACI&N:
E" /+e%e!*e *+#7#, -e &!2e%*&g#(&)! e% (#1%#" e/"&(#*&2, 0 -e e!',;1e (1#"&*#*&2,.
E7licai)1: P,+;1e %e 71%(# e!(,!*+#+ "# &!'"1e!( -e "# 2#+"e &!-e/e!-&e!*e
e! "# 2#+"e -e/e!-&e!*e.
Tra40)er0al: P,+;1e %e 9#(e 1! (,+*e e! e" *&e8/, /#+# e" -e%#++,"", -e "#
&!2e%*&g#(&)!.
B. POBLACI&N:
L# /,7"#(&)! -e" /+e%e!*e e%*1-&, e%*12, (,!%*&*1&-# /,+ e" *,*#" -e 8#-+e% -e
!&,% (,! +&e%g, -e -&%(#/#(&-#- -e #,% ;1e #%&%*e! #" P+,g+#8# -e
I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!# 6D&2&!, N&, Je%%:. S&e!-, 1! *,*#" -e ? 8#-+e%
C. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSI&N Y ECLUSI&N:
CRITERIOS DE INCLUSI&N
•
M#-+e% -e !&,% -e #,% -e e-#-.• N&,% 8#*+&(1"#-,% 0 ;1e *e!g#% #%&%*e!( +eg1"#+ # "#% #(*&2&-#-e%
e-1(#*&2#% -e" P+,g+#8# -e I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!# 6D&2&!, N&, Je%%:.• M#-+e% ;1e 2,"1!*#+e!*e 81e%*+e! %1 -e%e, e! /#+*&(&/#+ e! e" /+e%e!*e
*+#7#, -e &!2e%*&g#(&)!.
CRITERIOS DE ECLUSI&N
• M#-+e% ;1e 2,"1!*#+e!*e 8#!&'&e%*e! %1 2,"1!*#- -e !, /#+*&(&/#+ e! e"
/+e%e!*e *+#7#, -e &!2e%*&g#(&)!.
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D. MATERIAL Y M=TODOS:• Se %,"&(&*) "# #1*,+&5#(&)! #" D&+e(*,+ -e" P+,g+#8# -e I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!#
6D&2&!, N&, Je%%: J1"(#. P#+# /+,(e-e+ "# #/"&(#(&)! -e" &!%*+18e!*, -e "#
+e(,"e((&)! -e -#*,%.• Se #/"&() e" (1e%*&,!#+&, # 8#-+e% %,7+e ",% (,!,(&8&e!*,% ;1e *&e!e # (e+(#
-e "# e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!#.• L# e2#"1#(&)! -e" -e%#++,"", /%&(,8,*,+ '1e 8e-&-, /,+ e" $9&%*,+" -e
-e%#++,"", /%&(,8,*,+ "&%*# -e (,*e,% e2#"1#(&)! /%&(,/e-#g)g&(, &!',+8e
/%&(,/e-#g)g&(,4 &!%*+18e!*,% -e e2#"1#(&)! ;1e 8#!e#! e! e" P+,g+#8#
-e I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!# 6D&2&!, N&, Je%%: J1"(#.
• Se /+,(e-&) # &!g+e%#+ ",% -#*,% #" %&%*e8# , /#;1e*e e%*#-3%*&(, /#+# %1
/,%*e+&,+ #!>"&%&% e &!*e+/+e*#(&)! -e +e%1"*#-,%.
E. T=CNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS:
T=CNICAS PARA LA RECOLECCI&N DE DATOS
P#+# e" ",g+, -e ",% ,7e*&2,% -e" /+e%e!*e *+#7#, -e &!2e%*&g#(&)! %e #/"&() "#
*(!&(# -e "# e!*+e2&%*# # "# 8#-+e. A *+#2% -e "# #/"&(#(&)! -e 1! (1e%*&,!#+&,
e%*+1(*1+#-, /,+ ,*+, "#-, /#+# %#7e+ %1 -e%#++,"", /%&(,8,*,+ -e" !&, %e
,7%e+2) -&+e(*# e &!-&2&-1#"8e!*e # ",% !&,% (,! +&e%g, -e -&%(#/#(&-#- # *+#2%
-e" $9&%*,+" -e -e%#++,"", /%&(,8,*,+ "&%*# -e (,*e,% e2#"1#(&)!
/%&(,/e-#g)g&(, &!',+8e /%&(,/e-#g)g&(,4 ;1e %e #/"&(# e! e" P+,g+#8# -e
I!*e+2e!(&)! Te8/+#!#. P#+# e2#"1#+ e" (,!,(&8&e!*, %e 9#! (,!%&-e+#-, 1! *,*#"
-e /+eg1!*#% %,7+e e%*&81"#(&)! *e8/+#!# $#!e, '&(9# -e +e(,"e((&)! -e
-#*,%4
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Se (,!%&-e+# "# %&g1&e!*e 2#",+#(&)! e! e" (,!,(&8&e!*, %,7+e "# e%*&81"#(&)!
*e8/+#!#.
• BUENO Q
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!,+8#" 0 ", /#*,",g&(,. I!
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CUESTIONARIO
FEC6- 7777777777777777
FIC6- N87777777777
S*+&'!
- nombre de la Carrera -cadémico 9ro&esional de En&ermería de la universidad-ndina Néstor C2ceres :el2s*ue" de ;uliaca.
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#.#.#. E2a2 2e la ,a2re:
•
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G. Considera imortante ara su desarrollo del nio+imitar gestos, e'resiones sociales ! sonidos.
1B. Considera imortante ara su desarrollo del nio+ *ueél se recono"ca en &otos o en el ese3o así mismo.