borrelia spirochetes imaged from human blood – case studies

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Borrelia Spirochetesimaged fromHuman blood:::::Case studies

Human Fetal MiscarriageDarkfield Video MicroscopyOf Fresh Placental bloodAlan B. MacDonald MDYear 1988Southampton HospitalMotile Borrelia burgdorferiSpirochetes in Fresh PLACENTALBLOOD

Darkfield Microscopy 1000x oil immersion darkfield condenserMotile Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochete in Fresh Blood, with background of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and mixed bacteria. Specimen obtained immediately from the delivery room Miscarriage of twins, placental blood not clottedCopyright Alan B. MacDonald MD 1988 all rights reserved




Image by Alan B. MacDonald MD Copyright 1987- all rights reserved

For ComparisonA videoBorrelia burgdorferi(motile)[darkfield]In human spinal fluid


A Series of Stop Action Clips from a VideoOf Borrelia Burgdorferi [motile] in human spinal fluidCopyright Alan B. MacDonald MD Year 1987Magnification 1000x darkfield imageImage by Alan B. MacDonald MD Copyright 1987- all rights reserved

For ComparisonVarious Non Coiled Borrelia burgdorferiIsolated fromHuman tissue andFrom Aged Pure cultures ofReference Bb strain B31ATCC35210


Image by Alan B. MacDonald MD Copyright 1987- all rights reservedNonCoiled forms of BorreliaBurgdorferi from aged pure cultures ofATCC strain 35210

Borrelia burgdorferi inside humanNeurons of Central Nervous SystemImage by Alan B. MacDonald MD Copyright 1987- all rights reserved





Pure Cultures of theReference Strain B31ATCC 35210Of Borrelia burgdorferiDemonstrate Noncoiled [straightened]Spirochetes and attached Round Bodies

South AfricaMicroscopic ExaminationOf Fresh Human bloodPatientWith diagnosis of schizophrenia

Human Blood demonstrating elongated Classical coiled Spirochetal profiles Presumptively Borrelia Species ( Leptospires are excluded morphologically) (Treponemes are excluded by length and irregularity of coil formation)Red Blood cells and Platelets are present. Phase Contrast Microscopy.PATIENT DIAGNOSIS = SCHIZOPHRENIA

Two distinctVery elongatedSpirochetesPresumptively Borrelia species based on length and of Irregularity of CoilingIndicated by 2 arrows

Tangle groupings of Elongated SpirochetesSome of which are Associated with attachedRound bodies attached to the Axis of the spirochetes - The Presumptive classificationOf these spirochetes is based on :LengthIrregularity of Coils along the axis3. Attached Round bodiesHuman Blood demonstrating elongated Classical coiled Spirochetal profiles Presumptively Borrelia Species ( Leptospires are excluded morphologically) (Treponemes are excluded by length and irregularity of coil formation)Red Blood cells and Platelets are present. Phase Contrast Microscopy.PATIENT DIAGNOSIS = SCHIZOPHRENIA

Human Blood demonstrating elongated Classical coiled Spirochetal profiles Presumptively Borrelia Species ( Leptospires are excluded morphologically) (Treponemes are excluded by length and irregularity of coil formation)Red Blood cells and Platelets are present. Phase Contrast Microscopy.PATIENT DIAGNOSIS = SCHIZOPHRENIA

Human Blood demonstrating elongated Classical coiled Spirochetal profiles Presumptively Borrelia Species ( Leptospires are excluded morphologically) (Treponemes are excluded by length and irregularity of coil formation)Red Blood cells and Platelets are present. Phase Contrast Microscopy.PATIENT DIAGNOSIS = SCHIZOPHRENIAA Tangle ofSpirochetes::PresumptivelyBorrelia species(red arrows)

A Single ElongatedMainly uncoiledSpirochete::Presumptively Borrelia Species(Green arrow)

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Human Blood demonstrating elongated Classical coiled Spirochetal profiles Presumptively Borrelia Species ( Leptospires are excluded morphologically) (Treponemes are excluded by length and irregularity of coil formation)Red Blood cells and Platelets are present. Phase Contrast Microscopy.PATIENT DIAGNOSIS = SCHIZOPHRENIAElongated Spirochete(blue), Short spirochete (green)And ring form (red)Associated with attachedRound bodies (Yellow)attached to the Axis of the Ring form - The Presumptive classification Of these spirochetes is based on ::::::::::Length::::::Irregularity of Coils ::::::along the axisAND Attached Round bodies::::::::::

Conclusion:Borrelia SpirochetesIn Fresh human bloodAre expected in Relapsing Fever.But are visible only duringFEVER SPIKES

Borrelia burgdorferiSpirochetes have been Observed in Fresh human Blood from patientsWith Lyme Borreliosis.but Visualization dependsOn Proper Optical Systems(Darkfield or Phase ContrastMicroscopy by experiencedMicroscopists)

Direct visualization ofBorrelia burgdorferi species[either SS or SL] is a researchTool and is not usefulFor the Diagnosis of aSpecific Borrelia species

Respectfully SubmittedAlan MacDonald MDEmail:[email protected]

The Images inThis PresentationAre Copyright2012All rights reserved

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borrelia spirochetes imaged from human blood – case studies

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