The innovation in the plan of the current floor: Zoning in blocks of flats for the middle class in

the first half of the 20th century

Maria BOSTENARU DAN

ERGOROM ’99

and

“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning

Overview

Introduction Research methodology

Originality and innovative nature of the project Timeliness of the project Research results

Romania Italy Greece

Conclusions

Introduction

Morphological elements of a system Container: the frame of spaces, related in

functional-spatial co-operation into the spatial structure (physical level)

Contents: activities (phenomenologic level) The activity dimensions a space Modern Movement: look for new housing

more solving of society problems than aesthetics

Introduction

1933 Athens Charter 1934 Master Plan in Bucharest

Reinforced concrete and flexibility – materials, multidisciplinarity

In this study: blocks of flats for the middle class – sociology of architecture

State of the art in research

Ákos Moravánszky: former Austro-Hungarian empire

János Bonta and John Macsai (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland)

Richard Etlin, Annegret Burg (Novecento): Italy, Bruno Zevi and Daniel Libeskind: Giuseppe Terragni

State of the art in research

Horia Creangă, Marcel Janco centenaries, Duiliu Marcu own book

Last year: NEC seminar on Modernism in the Balkans, Rudolf Fränkel exhibition, urban route Marcel Janco (e-cart.ro)

Greek architecture in the 20th century (Savos Condaratos)

Research methodologyNr.

Objective Method Instruments

1 Documentation LiteratureFieldarchive

Check-listsPhotographyschemes

2 Comparison Comparison tree criteria

3 Model Systemic analysis Inventory of spacesProject management

4 Definition of the character of a zone

texture morphology

5 Characteristics to be maintained

Classification of elements Data tablesdrawings

6 Lessons learned Social participation indicators

7 Dissemination Public presentation Conferences, journals, web

Originality and innovation

Former studies: facade and style Fostering innovation in the employment of

construction materials, especially in housing construction

Switch of values: Novecento instead Italian Rationalism

Originality and innovation

Other Modernisms Difference Modernism – Avantgarde Multi-family condominium housing as field of the

modern architecture and not siedlungen as in classic modernism

Character of the zone Textures, human activities

Social purposes today: participatism, environmental problems

Timeliness of the project

Other focus than existing publications Comparative study of typologically related

buildings (architectural programme: block) not in geographically close areas

Lessons for restoration interventions today Lessons for new buildings

Research results: Romania

Impact of apartment buildings bigger than any other housing Strong economy, private enterprise Deviations from mainstream movement dicated by

the market Condominium, like in Greece, until today Double entrance

Ottulescu building: free plan in an apartment block

Research results: Romania

Romania

Research results: Romania

Elena Ottulescu building, architect Horia Creangă, 1934-35

Bedroom/ nightzone

Livingroom, includingdinning

Corridors/ circulationzone

Bathrooms, toillets

Kitchen

Hall / vertical circulation

Deposit / external circulation

Legend:

Research results: Italy

Two directions Rationalism (contextual Modernism)

Giuseppe Terragni Novecento

Decorative Geometrical

Novecento: function bound housing typologies, condominium

Zoning: function groups, double entrance

Research results: Italy Giuseppe Terragni - Como

Photos 2005

Research results: Italy Giuseppe Terragni - Milano

Photos 2005

Research results: Italy Novecento

Photos 2007

Research results: Italy Novecento

Photos 2007

Research results: Italy Novecento

Building in Via Domenichino, architects Lancia şi Ponti1928-30

Living room, dinning

Bathroom, toilets

Kitchen

Hall

Corridors / circulation zone

Deposit

Bedroom / Night zone

Research results: Greece 1929 – ownership system for multistorey

apartments Housing in private hand, seen to be unique, but

similar to Romania and Portugal Training in Germany, little in France zonation

Zaimi and Stournary street example: „ressemble Italian rationalism“ – to be investigated

Double entrance

Research results: GreecePhotos 2005

Greece

Bedroom/ nightzone

Livingroom, includingdinning

Corridors/ circulationzone

Bathrooms, toillets

Kitchen

Hall / vertical circulation

Deposit / external circulation

Legend:

building on Zaimi and Stournari streets, architects Valentis and Michailidis, 1933 – 1934

Discussion

Seismic vulnerability: Flexibility of RC, irregular parcels Irregularity of plan

Integrate modern buildings into city routes across Europe (Bucharest, Ivrea, Ljubljana)

Retrofit and restoration More aging restoration at Rationalism than Novecento Example for social multifamily: Germany

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion Social block housing in Vienna, Austria

(photos 2009)

Discussion

Social block housing in Germany (photos 2002)

Conclusions

PIANO project set-up and first results Other modernisms: social housing in the

West, rapid economic development in Bucharest, Athens, Milan but also Lisbon

Break with single family housing Reinforced concrete: subject of another

paper

Acknowledgements

PIANO project

MERG-CT-2007-200636European Commission (Marie Curie)

Thank you for your attention