bot 3: bryophytes
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
1/25
ES:NON-
VASCULAR
PLANTS tjmedina
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
2/25
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Terrestrial organismsEukaryotic
PhotosyntheticOrgan formingWith diplohaplontic life cycleHeteromorphic gametophyteand sporophyte generations
tjmed
ina
bot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
3/25
Closely related to the greenalgae: Charophyceae: Chara andColeochaete
Cellulosic cell wall
Chl a and b as pigments
Starch as stored food
Phragmoplast type of cytokinesisSimilarities in nuclear genes and rRNA
KINGDOM PLANTAE
tjmed
ina
bot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
4/25
Adaptations to the life on land:Sterile jacket of cells surrounding
egg-sperm producing structures
Protective layers of cells coveringspore producing structures
Protected embryo
Waxy coating cuticleSpecialized cells for water and food
conduction
KINGDOM PLANTAE
tjmed
ina
bot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
5/25
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Kingdom Plantae
VascularPlants
Non-vascularPlants
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
6/25
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS:BRYOPHYTES
earliest land plants
well-adapted to moist habitats (low-lying)
the only land plants that have a dominant
gametophyte (the sporophyte is parasitic tothe gametophyte).
Sporophyte
(2n)
Gametophyte (n)
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
7/25
lack Vascular Tissue
Impact on Structurea few have modified water transport cells, calledhydroids and solute conducting cells, called
leptoids , but this is rare.size restriction depends on cell to cell diffusion for
transport
often grow in prostrate masses or clumps (Novascular tissues for strength for upright growth)
attach to substrate with rhizoids which anchor(no true roots)
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS:BRYOPHYTES
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
8/25
Three divisions:
Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
Bryophyta (Mosses)
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS:BRYOPHYTES
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
9/25
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA Sporophyte
non-photosynthetic, parasitic on the gametophyte (foot)
with spores (with elaters for dispersal); borne on acapsule-seta;
Gametophyte green, small, flat, ribbon like;
no xylem and phloem, cuticle and stomata
two forms: thallose hepatics- many cells thick; dorsal part is
chloroplast rich and ventral part is colorless with rhizoid leafy hepatics- well-branched and form small mats;
arranged in 3 ranks: a pair of lateral appendages and amedian appendage (amphigastria); leaf no midrib or costa.
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
10/25
Reproductionasexually: by fragmentation (wherein older
central portions die leaving growing tips as
new individuals), and gemmae formation(multicellular asexual propagule, stored ingemmae cups)
sexually: gametophyte produces antheridiaand archegonia
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
11/25
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA
ThalloseLiverworts
LeafyLiverworts
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
12/25
Thallose LiverwortsMarchantia
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA
With gemmaecups
archegoniophore
antheridiophore
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
13/25
Thallose LiverwortRicciaCyathodium
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
14/25
Leafy liverworts Plagiochila
Bazzania
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
DIVISION HEPATOPHYTA
www.chem.gla.ac.uk
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
15/25
Sporophyte elongated, horn-like, photosynthetic structure
arising from the gametophyte
cylindrical sporangium; spores with
pseudoelaters (slightly coiled strands) Gametophyte resemble thallose hepatics
each cell has a single chloroplast and pyrenoid
with stomatawith extensive internal cavities filled with
mucilage, and occupied by cyanobacteria(Nostoc).
DIVISIONANTHOCEROPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
16/25
Reproductionasexually: spore formation in
capsules (with reduced or no seta)
sexually:gametophyte(monoecious)produces archegonia
and antheridia (clustered) on thedorsal side; the sperm isbiflagellated and facilitated by water.
DIVISIONANTHOCEROPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
17/25
Anthoceros
DIVISIONANTHOCEROPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
18/25
Sporophyteonly the female moss produces an erect
sporophyte (at the terminal end of thestem exhibiting a long seta and shortcylindrical capsule) and bears spores
Gametophytegreen, leafy (occur in 2 or 3 ranks; with
costa or midrib) and generally, uprightwater flows by simple diffusion (epidermis,
cortex, medulla); for the familyPolytrichaceae: hydroids and leptoids arepresent in the medulla.
DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
19/25
2 patterns of growth:cushiony- gametophyte is erect and
sporophyte is terminal
feathery- gametophyte is creeping, sporophyte
lateral.
Reproductionasexually: spore formation in capsules
(with calyptra, operculum and peristome
teeth)sexually: gametophyte (dioecious)
produces archegonia and antheridia(biflagellated sperm)
DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
20/25
DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
21/25
Cushiony mossMnium
Fissidens
Pogonatum
DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
22/25
Feathery mossesThuidium
Sphagnum
DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
ROLE OF
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
23/25
ROLE OFBRYOPHYTES pioneer plants, growing on bare rock and
contributing to soil development.
in mountain forests they form a thick carpet,reducing erosion.
in forest ecosystems they act like a spongeretaining and slowly releasing water
provide habitat for other plants and smallanimals as well as microorganisms like N2-
fixing cyanobacteria
can serve as bioindicators of pollution andenvironmental degradation
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
-
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
24/25
REFERENCES
http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/FPAS/bcs/bl14ap
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/index
http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectu
tjmed
inab
ot3'0
8
http://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/FPAS/bcs/bl14apl/bryo1.htmhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul98/jpmoss.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul98/jpmoss.htmlhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul98/jpmoss.htmlhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul98/jpmoss.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/rkr/Botany110/lectures/bryophytes.htmlhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjul98/jpmoss.htmlhttp://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/FPAS/bcs/bl14apl/bryo1.htm -
8/8/2019 BOT 3: Bryophytes
25/25
ENDtjm
ed
inab
ot3'0
8