Boy in the plastic bubble

The process of blood clotting

Blood vessels damaged Presence of blood platelets,

Calcium ions, vitamin K, several blood clotting factors

Soluble fibrinogen insoluble fibrinogen form a meshwork,catching blood cells and seal off the

wound

Physical barrier e.g. skin

Chemical barrier e.g. gastric juice

White blood cells

pathogens

Latent period

Antigen presenting cells

T -helper cell

T-killer cell

B cell

Plasma cell

T -helper cell

lymphokines

T-suppressor cell

T-memory cell

Rh-ve mother

Her 1st Rh +ve child

Anti Rh antibody produced in mother

Contact of blood at birth

Her subsequent child will be acted on by the antibody

1. If the mother is Rh-ve and her first child is

Rh+ve.

Would the mother have problem ?

2. If the mother is Rh+ve and her first child is

Rh-ve.

I) Would the mother have problem ?

II) Would her subsequent children have problem ?

Compare this with the blue line depicting the mortality from infections since 1900. In the first 4-5 decades of the use of antimicrobial agents, there was a dramatic fall in the mortality from infections but since the mid-80's deaths due to resistant infections is slowly increasing.

AZT

(A)

(B)

A sulphonamide

PABA - a substrate required for the formation of bacterial cell wall

( PABA )

( protonsil )

The pathogenic bacteria unable to multiply