bp spill quality assurance sampling plan, appendix b ... method summary sampling is the selection of...

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SOP#: 2001DATE: 08/11/94

REV. #: 0.0 GENERAL FIELD

SAMPLING GUIDELINES

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) is to provide general field sampling guidelinesthat will assist REAC personnel in choosing samplingstrategies, location, and frequency for properassessment of site characteristics. This SOP isapplicable to all field activities that involve sampling.

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable)operating procedures which may be varied or changedas required, dependent on site conditions, equipmentlimitations or limitations imposed by the procedure. Inall instances, the ultimate procedures employed shouldbe documented and associated with the final report.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. EPA endorsement orrecommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Sampling is the selection of a representative portion ofa larger population, universe, or body. Throughexamination of a sample, the characteristics of thelarger body from which the sample was drawn can beinferred. In this manner, sampling can be a valuabletool for determining the presence, type, and extent ofcontamination by hazardous substances in theenvironment.

The primary objective of all sampling activities is tocharacterize a hazardous waste site accurately so thatits impact on human health and the environment canbe properly evaluated. It is only through sampling andanalysis that site hazards can be measured and the jobof cleanup and restoration can be accomplishedeffectively with minimal risk. The sampling itselfmust be conducted so that every sample collectedretains its original physical form and chemicalcomposition. In this way, sample integrity is insured,quality assurance standards are maintained, and thesample can accurately represent the larger body of

material under investigation.

The extent to which valid inferences can be drawnfrom a sample depends on the degree to which thesampling effort conforms to the project's objectives.For example, as few as one sample may produceadequate, technically valid data to address theproject's objectives. Meeting the project's objectivesrequires thorough planning of sampling activities, andimplementation of the most appropriate sampling andanalytical procedures. These issues will be discussedin this procedure.

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

The amount of sample to be collected, and the propersample container type (i.e., glass, plastic), chemicalpreservation, and storage requirements are dependenton the matrix being sampled and the parameter(s) ofinterest. Sample preservation, containers, handling,and storage for air and waste samples are discussed inthe specific SOPs for air and waste samplingtechniques.

4.0 INTERFERENCES ANDPOTENTIAL PROBLEMS

The nature of the object or materials being sampledmay be a potential problem to the sampler. If amaterial is homogeneous, it will generally have auniform composition throughout. In this case, anysample increment can be considered representative ofthe material. On the other hand, heterogeneoussamples present problems to the sampler because ofchanges in the material over distance, both laterallyand vertically.

Samples of hazardous materials may pose a safetythreat to both field and laboratory personnel. Properhealth and safety precautions should be implementedwhen handling this type of sample.

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Environmental conditions, weather conditions, or The importance of making the distinction betweennon-target chemicals may cause problems and/or environmental and hazardous samples is two-fold:interferences when performing sampling activities orwhen sampling for a specific parameter. Refer to the (1) Personnel safety requirements: Any samplespecific SOPs for sampling techniques. thought to contain enough hazardous

5.0 EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS

The equipment/apparatus required to collect samplesmust be determined on a site specific basis. Due to thewide variety of sampling equipment available, refer tothe specific SOPs for sampling techniques whichinclude lists of the equipment/apparatus required forsampling.

6.0 REAGENTS

Reagents may be utilized for preservation of samplesand for decontamination of sampling equipment. Thepreservatives required are specified by the analysis tobe performed. Decontamination solutions arespecified in ERT SOP #2006, Sampling EquipmentDecontamination.

7.0 PROCEDURE

7.1 Types of Samples

In relation to the media to be sampled, two basic typesof samples can be considered: the environmentalsample and the hazardous sample.

Environmental samples are those collected fromstreams, ponds, lakes, wells, and are off-site samplesthat are not expected to be contaminated withhazardous materials. They usually do not require thespecial handling procedures typically used forconcentrated wastes. However, in certain instances,environmental samples can contain elevatedconcentrations of pollutants and in such cases wouldhave to be handled as hazardous samples.

Hazardous or concentrated samples are those collectedfrom drums, tanks, lagoons, pits, waste piles, freshspills, or areas previously identified as contaminated,and require special handling procedures because oftheir potential toxicity or hazard. These samples canbe further subdivided based on their degree of hazard;however, care should be taken when handling andshipping any wastes believed to be concentratedregardless of the degree.

materials to pose a safety threat should bedesignated as hazardous and handled in amanner which ensures the safety of both fieldand laboratory personnel.

(2) Transportation requirements: Hazardoussamples must be packaged, labeled, andshipped according to the International AirTransport Association (IATA) DangerousGoods Regulations or Department ofTransportation (DOT) regulations and U.S.EPA guidelines.

7.2 Sample Collection Techniques

In general, two basic types of sample collectiontechniques are recognized, both of which can be usedfor either environmental or hazardous samples.

Grab Samples

A grab sample is defined as a discrete aliquotrepresentative of a specific location at a given point intime. The sample is collected all at once at oneparticular point in the sample medium. Therepresentativeness of such samples is defined by thenature of the materials being sampled. In general, assources vary over time and distance, therepresentativeness of grab samples will decrease.

Composite Samples

Composites are nondiscrete samples composed ofmore than one specific aliquot collected at varioussampling locations and/or different points in time.Analysis of this type of sample produces an averagevalue and can in certain instances be used as analternative to analyzing a number of individual grabsamples and calculating an average value. It shouldbe noted, however, that compositing can maskproblems by diluting isolated concentrations of somehazardous compounds below detection limits.

Compositing is often used for environmental samplesand may be used for hazardous samples under certainconditions. For example, compositing of hazardouswaste is often performed after compatibility tests have

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been completed to determine an average value over a concentration), and basis of thenumber of different locations (group of drums). This information/data.procedure generates data that can be useful by C Technical approach including media/matrixproviding an average concentration within a number to be sampled, sampling equipment to beof units, can serve to keep analytical costs down, and used, sample equipment decontamination (ifcan provide information useful to transporters and necessary), sampling design and rationale,waste disposal operations. and SOPs or description of the procedure to

For sampling situations involving hazardous wastes, C Project management and reporting, schedule,grab sampling techniques are generally preferred project organization and responsibilities,because grab sampling minimizes the amount of time manpower and cost projections, and requiredsampling personnel must be in contact with the deliverables.wastes, reduces risks associated with compositing C QA objectives and protocols including tablesunknowns, and eliminates chemical changes that summarizing field sampling and QA/QCmight occur due to compositing. analysis and objectives.

7.3 Types of Sampling Strategies

The number of samples that should be collected andanalyzed depends on the objective of the investigation.There are three basic sampling strategies: random,systematic, and judgmental sampling.

Random sampling involves collection of samples in anonsystematic fashion from the entire site or a specificportion of a site. Systematic sampling involvescollection of samples based on a grid or a patternwhich has been previously established. Whenjudgmental sampling is performed, samples arecollected only from the portion(s) of the site mostlikely to be contaminated. Often, a combination ofthese strategies is the best approach depending on thetype of the suspected/known contamination, theuniformity and size of the site, the level/type ofinformation desired, etc.

7.4 QA Work Plans (QAWP)

A QAWP is required when it becomes evident that afield investigation is necessary. It should be initiatedin conjunction with, or immediately following,notification of the field investigation. This plan shouldbe clear and concise and should detail the followingbasic components, with regard to sampling activities:

C Objective and purpose of the investigation.C Basis upon which data will be evaluated.C Information known about the site including

location, type and size of the facility, andlength of operations/abandonment.

C Type and volume of contaminated material,contaminants of concern (including

be implemented.

Note that this list of QAWP components is not all-inclusive and that additional elements may be addedor altered depending on the specific requirements ofthe field investigation. It should also be recognizedthat although a detailed QAWP is quite important, itmay be impractical in some instances. Emergencyresponses and accidental spills are prime examples ofsuch instances where time might prohibit thedevelopment of site-specific QAWPs prior to fieldactivities. In such cases, investigators would have torely on general guidelines and personal judgment, andthe sampling or response plans might simply be astrategy based on preliminary information andfinalized on site. In any event, a plan of action shouldbe developed, no matter how concise or informal, toaid investigators in maintaining a logical andconsistent order to the implementation of their task.

7.5 Legal Implications

The data derived from sampling activities are oftenintroduced as critical evidence during litigation of ahazardous waste site cleanup. Legal issues in whichsampling data are important may include cleanup costrecovery, identification of pollution sources andresponsible parties, and technical validation ofremedial design methodologies. Because of thepotential for involvement in legal actions, strictadherence to technical and administrative SOPs isessential during both the development andimplementation of sampling activities.

Technically valid sampling begins with thoroughplanning and continues through the sample collectionand analytical procedures. Administrativerequirements involve thorough, accurate

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documentation of all sampling activities.Documentation requirements include maintenance ofa chain of custody, as well as accurate records of fieldactivities and analytical instructions. Failure toobserve these procedures fully and consistently mayresult in data that are questionable, invalid andnon-defensible in court, and the consequent loss ofenforcement proceedings.

8.0 CALCULATIONS

Refer to the specific SOPs for any calculations whichare associated with sampling techniques.

9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

Refer to the specific SOPs for the type and frequencyof QA/QC samples to be analyzed, the acceptancecriteria for the QA/QC samples, and any other QA/QCactivities which are associated with samplingtechniques.

10.0 DATA VALIDATION

Refer to the specific SOPs for data validationactivities that are associated with samplingtechniques.

11.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY

When working with potentially hazardous materials,follow U.S. EPA, OSHA, and corporate health andsafety procedures.

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SOP#: 2006DATE: 08/11/94

REV. #: 0.0

SAMPLING EQUIPMENTDECONTAMINATION

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) is to provide a description of the methods usedfor preventing, minimizing, or limitingcross-contamination of samples due to inappropriateor inadequate equipment decontamination and toprovide general guidelines for developingdecontamination procedures for sampling equipmentto be used during hazardous waste operations as per29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.120.This SOP does not address personneldecontamination.

These are standard (i.e. typically applicable) operatingprocedures which may be varied or changed asrequired, dependent upon site conditions, equipmentlimitation, or limitations imposed by the procedure.In all instances, the ultimate procedures employedshould be documented and associated with the finalreport.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Removing or neutralizing contaminants fromequipment minimizes the likelihood of sample crosscontamination, reduces or eliminates transfer ofcontaminants to clean areas, and prevents the mixingof incompatible substances.

Gross contamination can be removed by physicaldecontamination procedures. These abrasive andnon-abrasive methods include the use of brushes, airand wet blasting, and high and low pressure watercleaning.

The first step, a soap and water wash, removes al lvisible particulate matter and residual oils and grease.This may be preceded by a steam or high pressure

water wash to facilitate residuals removal. Thesecond step involves a tap water rinse and adistilled/deionized water rinse to remove thedetergent. An acid rinse provides a low pH media fortrace metals removal and is included in thedecontamination process if metal samples are to becollected. It is followed by another distilled/deionizedwater rinse. If sample analysis does not includemetals, the acid rinse step can be omitted. Next, ahigh purity solvent rinse is performed for traceorganics removal if organics are a concern at the site.Typical solvents used for removal of organiccontaminants include acetone, hexane, or water.Acetone is typically chosen because it is an excellentsolvent, miscible in water, and not a target analyte onthe Priority Pollutant List. If acetone is known to bea contaminant of concern at a given site or if TargetCompound List analysis (which includes acetone) isto be performed, another solvent may be substituted.The solvent must be allowed to evaporate completelyand then a final distilled/deionized water rinse isperformed. This rinse removes any residual traces ofthe solvent.

The decontamination procedure described above maybe summarized as follows:

1. Physical removal2. Non-phosphate detergent wash3. Tap water rinse4. Distilled/deionized water rinse5. 10% nitric acid rinse6. Distilled/deionized water rinse7. Solvent rinse (pesticide grade)8. Air dry9. Distilled/deionized water rinse

If a particular contaminant fraction is not present atthe site, the nine (9) step decontamination procedurespecified above may be modified for site specificity.For example, the nitric acid rinse may be eliminatedif metals are not of concern at a site. Similarly, thesolvent rinse may be eliminated if organics are not of

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concern at a site. Modifications to the standard bristle scrub brushes or long-handled bottle brushesprocedure should be documented in the site specific can be used to remove contaminants. Largework plan or subsequent report. galvanized wash tubs, stock tanks, or buckets can hold

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

The amount of sample to be collected and the propersample container type (i.e., glass, plastic), chemicalpreservation, and storage requirements are dependenton the matrix being sampled and the parameter(s) ofinterest. More specifically, sample collection and analysis ofdecontamination waste may be required beforebeginning proper disposal of decontamination liquidsand solids generated at a site. This should bedetermined prior to initiation of site activities.


C The use of distilled/deionized watercommonly available from commercialvendors may be acceptable fordecontamination of sampling equipmentprovided that it has been verified bylaboratory analysis to be analyte free(specifically for the contaminants ofconcern).

C The use of an untreated potable water supplyis not an acceptable substitute for tap water.Tap water may be used from any municipalor industrial water treatment system.

C If acids or solvents are utilized indecontamination they raise health and safety,and waste disposal concerns.

C Damage can be incurred by acid and solventwashing of complex and sophisticatedsampling equipment.


Decontamination equipment, materials, and suppliesare generally selected based on availability. Otherconsiderations include the ease of decontaminating ordisposing of the equipment. Most equipment andsupplies can be easily procured. For example, soft-

wash and rinse solutions. Children's wading pools canalso be used. Large plastic garbage cans or othersimilar containers lined with plastic bags can helpsegregate contaminated equipment. Contaminatedliquid can be stored temporarily in metal or plasticcans or drums.

The following standard materials and equipment arerecommended for decontamination activities:

5.1 Decontamination Solutions

C Non-phosphate detergentC Selected solvents (acetone, hexane, nitric

acid, etc.)C Tap waterC Distilled or deionized water

5.2 Decontamination Tools/Supplies

C Long and short handled brushesC Bottle brushesC Drop cloth/plastic sheetingC Paper towelsC Plastic or galvanized tubs or bucketsC Pressurized sprayers (H O)2

C Solvent sprayersC Aluminum foil

5.3 Health and Safety Equipment

Appropriate personal protective equipment (i.e., safetyglasses or splash shield, appropriate gloves, aprons orcoveralls, respirator, emergency eye wash)

5.4 Waste Disposal

C Trash bagsC Trash containersC 55-gallon drumsC Metal/plastic buckets/containers for storage

and disposal of decontamination solutions

6.0 REAGENTS

There are no reagents used in this procedure asidefrom the actual decontamination solutions. Table 1(Appendix A) lists solvent rinses which may berequired for elimination of particular chemicals. In

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general, the following solvents are typically utilized contaminants by neutralization, chemical reaction,for decontamination purposes: disinfection, or sterilization.

C 10% nitric acid is typically used for Physical decontamination techniques can be groupedinorganic compounds such as metals. An into two categories: abrasive methods andacid rinse may not be required if inorganics non-abrasive methods, as follows:are not a contaminant of concern.

C Acetone (pesticide grade)(1)

C Hexane (pesticide grade)(1)

C Methanol(1)

- Only if sample is to be analyzed for organics.(1)

7.0 PROCEDURES

As part of the health and safety plan, adecontamination plan should be developed andreviewed. The decontamination line should be set upbefore any personnel or equipment enter the areas ofpotential exposure. The equipment decontaminationplan should include:

C The number, location, and layout ofdecontamination stations.

C Decontamination equipment needed.

C Appropriate decontamination methods.

C Methods for disposal of contaminatedclothing, equipment, and solutions.

C Procedures can be established to minimizethe potential for contamination. This mayinclude: (1) work practices that minimizecontact with potential contaminants; (2)using remote sampling techniques; (3)covering monitoring and sampling equipmentwith plastic, aluminum foil, or otherprotective material; (4) watering down dustyareas; (5) avoiding laying down equipment inareas of obvious contamination; and (6) useof disposable sampling equipment.

7.1 Decontamination Methods

All samples and equipment leaving the contaminatedarea of a site must be decontaminated to remove anycontamination that may have adhered to equipment.Various decontamination methods will removecontaminants by: (1) flushing or other physicalaction, or (2) chemical complexing to inactivate

7.1.1 Abrasive Cleaning Methods

Abrasive cleaning methods work by rubbing andwearing away the top layer of the surface containingthe contaminant. The mechanical abrasive cleaningmethods are most commonly used at hazardous wastesites. The following abrasive methods are available:

Mechanical

Mechanical methods of decontamination include usingmetal or nylon brushes. The amount and type ofcontaminants removed will vary with the hardness ofbristles, length of time brushed, degree of brushcontact, degree of contamination, nature of the surfacebeing cleaned, and degree of contaminant adherenceto the surface.

Air Blasting

Air blasting equipment uses compressed air to forceabrasive material through a nozzle at high velocities.The distance between nozzle and surface cleaned, airpressure, time of application, and angle at which theabrasive strikes the surface will dictate cleaningefficiency. Disadvantages of this method are theinability to control the amount of material removedand the large amount of waste generated.

Wet Blasting

Wet blast cleaning involves use of a suspended fineabrasive. The abrasive/water mixture is delivered bycompressed air to the contaminated area. By using avery fine abrasive, the amount of materials removedcan be carefully controlled.

7.1.2 Non-Abrasive Cleaning Methods

Non-abrasive cleaning methods work by forcing thecontaminant off a surface with pressure. In general,the equipment surface is not removed usingnon-abrasive methods.

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Low-Pressure Water

This method consists of a container which is filledwith water. The user pumps air out of the container tocreate a vacuum. A slender nozzle and hose allow theuser to spray in hard-to-reach places.

High-Pressure Water

This method consists of a high-pressure pump, anoperator controlled directional nozzle, and a high-pressure hose. Operating pressure usually rangesfrom 340 to 680 atmospheres (atm) and flow ratesusually range from 20 to 140 liters per minute.

Ultra-High-Pressure Water

This system produces a water jet that is pressuredfrom 1,000 to 4,000 atmospheres. Thisultra-high-pressure spray can remove tightly-adheredsurface films. The water velocity ranges from 500meters/second (m/s) (1,000 atm) to 900 m/s (4,000atm). Additives can be used to enhance the cleaningaction.

Rinsing

Contaminants are removed by rinsing throughdilution, physical attraction, and solubilization.

Damp Cloth Removal

In some instances, due to sensitive, non-waterproofequipment or due to the unlikelihood of equipmentbeing contaminated, it is not necessary to conduct anextensive decontamination procedure. For example,air sampling pumps hooked on a fence, placed on adrum, or wrapped in plastic bags are not likely tobecome heavily contaminated. A damp cloth shouldbe used to wipe off contaminants which may haveadhered to equipment through airborne contaminantsor from surfaces upon which the equipment was set .

Disinfection/Sterilization

Disinfectants are a practical means of inactivatinginfectious agents. Unfortunately, standardsterilization methods are impractical for largeequipment. This method of decontamination istypically performed off-site.

7.2 Field Sampling EquipmentDecontamination Procedures

The decontamination line is setup so that the firststation is used to clean the most contaminated item.It progresses to the last station where the leastcontaminated item is cleaned. The spread ofcontaminants is further reduced by separating eachdecontamination station by a minimum of three (3)feet. Ideally, the contamination should decrease as theequipment progresses from one station to anotherfarther along in the line.

A site is typically divided up into the followingboundaries: Hot Zone or Exclusion Zone (EZ), theContamination Reduction Zone (CRZ), and theSupport or Safe Zone (SZ). The decontamination lineshould be setup in the Contamination ReductionCorridor (CRC) which is in the CRZ. Figure 1(Appendix B) shows a typical contaminant reductionzone layout. The CRC controls access into and out ofthe exclusion zone and confines decontaminationactivities to a limited area. The CRC boundariesshould be conspicuously marked. The far end is thehotline, the boundary between the exclusion zone andthe contamination reduction zone. The size of thedecontamination corridor depends on the number ofstations in the decontamination process, overalldimensions of the work zones, and amount of spaceavailable at the site. Whenever possible, it should bea straight line.

Anyone in the CRC should be wearing the level ofprotection designated for the decontamination crew.Another corridor may be required for the entry andexit of heavy equipment. Sampling and monitoringequipment and sampling supplies are all maintainedoutside of the CRC. Personnel don their equipmentaway from the CRC and enter the exclusion zonethrough a separate access control point at the hotline.One person (or more) dedicated to decontaminatingequipment is recommended.

7.2.1 Decontamination Setup

Starting with the most contaminated station, thedecontamination setup should be as follows:

Station 1: Segregate Equipment Drop

Place plastic sheeting on the ground (Figure 2,Appendix B). Size will depend on amount of

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equipment to be decontaminated. Provide containers pool with tap water. Several bottle and bristle brusheslined with plastic if equipment is to be segregated. should be dedicated to this station. ApproximatelySegregation may be required if sensitive equipment or 10-50 gallons of water may be required initiallymildly contaminated equipment is used at the same depending upon the amount of equipment totime as equipment which is likely to be heavily decontaminate and the amount of gross contamination.contaminated.

Station 2: Physical Removal With A High-PressureWasher (Optional) Fill a low-pressure sprayer with distilled/deionized

As indicated in 7.1.2, a high-pressure wash may be the water during the rinsing process. Approximatelyrequired for compounds which are difficult to remove 10-20 gallons of water may be required initiallyby washing with brushes. The elevated temperature of depending upon the amount of equipment tothe water from the high-pressure washers is excellent decontaminate and the amount of gross contamination.at removing greasy/oily compounds. High pressurewashers require water and electricity. Station 6: Nitric Acid Sprayers

A decontamination pad may be required for the high- Fill a spray bottle with 10% nitric acid. An acid rinsepressure wash area. An example of a wash pad may may not be required if inorganics are not aconsist of an approximately 1 1/2 foot-deep basin contaminant of concern. The amount of acid willlined with plastic sheeting and sloped to a sump at one depend on the amount of equipment to becorner. A layer of sand can be placed over the plastic decontaminated. Provide a 5-gallon bucket or basin toand the basin is filled with gravel or shell. The sump collect acid during the rinsing process.is also lined with visqueen and a barrel is placed in thehole to prevent collapse. A sump pump is used to Station 7: Low-Pressure Sprayersremove the water from the sump for transfer into adrum. Fill a low-pressure sprayer with distilled/deionized

Typically heavy machinery is decontaminated at the water during the rinsate process. end of the day unless site sampling requires that themachinery be decontaminated frequently. A separate Station 8: Organic Solvent Sprayersdecontamination pad may be required for heavyequipment. Fill a spray bottle with an organic solvent. After each

Station 3: Physical Removal With Brushes And A distilled/deionized water and air dried. Amount ofWash Basin solvent will depend on the amount of equipment to

Prior to setting up Station 3, place plastic sheeting on collect the solvent during the rinsing process. the ground to cover areas under Station 3 throughStation 10. Solvent rinses may not be required unless organics areFill a wash basin, a large bucket, or child's swimming a contaminant of concern, and may be eliminated frompool with non-phosphate detergent and tap water. the station sequence. Several bottle and bristle brushes to physically removecontamination should be dedicated to this station . Station 9: Low-Pressure SprayersApproximately 10 - 50 gallons of water may berequired initially depending upon the amount of Fill a low-pressure sprayer with distilled/deionizedequipment to decontaminate and the amount of gross water. Provide a 5-gallon bucket or basin to collectcontamination. water during the rinsate process.

Station 4: Water Basin Station 10: Clean Equipment Drop

Fill a wash basin, a large bucket, or child's swimming Lay a clean piece of plastic sheeting over the bottom

Station 5: Low-Pressure Sprayers

water. Provide a 5-gallon bucket or basin to contain

water. Provide a 5-gallon bucket or basin to collect

solvent rinse, the equipment should be rinsed with

decontaminate. Provide a 5-gallon bucket or basin to

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plastic layer. This will allow easy removal of the Using a spray bottle rinse sampling equipment withplastic in the event that it becomes dirty. Provide nitric acid. Begin spraying (inside and outside) at onealuminum foil, plastic, or other protective material to end of the equipment allowing the acid to drip to thewrap clean equipment. other end into a 5-gallon bucket. A rinsate blank may

7.2.2 Decontamination Procedures

Station 1: Segregate Equipment Drop

Deposit equipment used on-site (i.e., tools, samplingdevices and containers, monitoring instruments radios,clipboards, etc.) on the plastic drop cloth/sheet or indifferent containers with plastic liners. Each will becontaminated to a different degree. Segregation at thedrop reduces the probability of cross contamination.Loose leaf sampling data sheets or maps can be placedin plastic zip lock bags if contamination is evident.

Station 2: Physical Removal With A High-PressureWasher (Optional)

Use high pressure wash on grossly contaminatedequipment. Do not use high- pressure wash onsensitive or non-waterproof equipment.

Station 3: Physical Removal With Brushes And AWash Basin

Scrub equipment with soap and water using bottle andbristle brushes. Only sensitive equipment (i.e., radios,air monitoring and sampling equipment) which iswaterproof should be washed. Equipment which isnot waterproof should have plastic bags removed andwiped down with a damp cloth. Acids and organicrinses may also ruin sensitive equipment. Consult the 1. Collect high-pressure pad and heavymanufacturers for recommended decontamination equipment decontamination area liquid andsolutions. waste and store in appropriate drum or

Station 4: Equipment Rinse collection process. Refer to the Department

Wash soap off of equipment with water by immersing appropriate containers based on thethe equipment in the water while brushing. Repeat as contaminant of concern.many times as necessary.

Station 5: Low-Pressure Rinse equipment decontamination area solid waste

Rinse sampling equipment with distilled/deionized Refer to the DOT requirements forwater with a low-pressure sprayer. appropriate containers based on the

Station 6: Nitric Acid Sprayers ( required only ifmetals are a contaminant of concern) 3. Empty soap and water liquid wastes from

be required at this station. Refer to Section 9.


Rinse sampling equipment with distilled/deionizedwater with a low-pressure sprayer.

Station 8: Organic Solvent Sprayers

Rinse sampling equipment with a solvent. Beginspraying (inside and outside) at one end of theequipment allowing the solvent to drip to the otherend into a 5-gallon bucket. Allow the solvent toevaporate from the equipment before going to the nextstation. A QC rinsate sample may be required at thisstation.


Rinse sampling equipment with distilled/deionizedwater with a low-pressure washer.

Station 10 : Clean Equipment Drop

Lay clean equipment on plastic sheeting. Once airdried, wrap sampling equipment with aluminum foil,plastic, or other protective material.

7.2.3 Post Decontamination Procedures

container. A sump pump can aid in the

of Transportation (DOT) requirements for

2. Collect high-pressure pad and heavy

and store in appropriate drum or container.

contaminant of concern.

basins and buckets and store in appropriate

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drum or container. Refer to the DOT equipment to test for residual contamination. Therequirements for appropriate containers blank water is collected in sample containers forbased on the contaminant of concern. handling, shipment, and analysis. These samples are

4. Empty acid rinse waste and place in rinsate blank is used to assess cross contaminationappropriate container or neutralize with a brought about by improper decontaminationbase and place in appropriate drum. pH procedures. Where dedicated sampling equipment ispaper or an equivalent pH test is required for not utilized, collect one rinsate blank per day per typeneutralization. Consult DOT requirements of sampling device samples to meet QA2 and QA3for appropriate drum for acid rinse waste. objectives.

5. Empty solvent rinse sprayer and solvent If sampling equipment requires the use of plasticwaste into an appropriate container. Consult tubing it should be disposed of as contaminated andDOT requirements for appropriate drum for replaced with clean tubing before additional samplingsolvent rinse waste. occurs.

6. Using low-pressure sprayers, rinse basins,and brushes. Place liquid generated fromthis process into the wash water rinsecontainer.

7. Empty low-pressure sprayer water onto theground.

8. Place all solid waste materials generatedfrom the decontamination area (i.e., glovesand plastic sheeting, etc.) in an approvedDOT drum. Refer to the DOT requirementsfor appropriate containers based on thecontaminant of concern.

9. Write appropriate labels for waste and makearrangements for disposal. Consult DOTregulations for the appropriate label for eachdrum generated from the decontaminationprocess.

8.0 CALCULATIONS

This section is not applicable to this SOP.

9.0 QUALITYASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

A rinsate blank is one specific type of quality control substitutions should be made to eliminate the hazard.sample associated with the field decontamination The choice of respiratory protection based onprocess. This sample will provide information on the contaminants of concern from the site may not beeffectiveness of the decontamination process appropriate for solvents used in the decontaminationemployed in the field. process.

Rinsate blanks are samples obtained by running Safety considerations should be addressed when usinganalyte free water over decontaminated sampling abrasive and non-abrasive decontamination

treated identical to samples collected that day. A


Results of quality control samples will be evaluatedfor contamination. This information will be utilizedto qualify the environmental sample results inaccordance with the project's data quality objectives.


When working with potentially hazardous materials ,follow OSHA, U.S. EPA, corporate, and otherapplicable health and safety procedures.

Decontamination can pose hazards under certaincircumstances. Hazardous substances may beincompatible with decontamination materials. Forexample, the decontamination solution may react withcontaminants to produce heat, explosion, or toxicproducts. Also, vapors from decontaminationsolutions may pose a direct health hazard to workersby inhalation, contact, fire, or explosion.

The decontamination solutions must be determined tobe acceptable before use. Decontamination materialsmay degrade protective clothing or equipment; somesolvents can permeate protective clothing. Ifdecontamination materials do pose a health hazard,measures should be taken to protect personnel or

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equipment. Maximum air pressure produced byabrasive equipment could cause physical injury.Displaced material requires control mechanisms.

Material generated from decontamination activitiesrequires proper handling, storage, and disposal.Personal Protective Equipment may be required forthese activities.

Material safety data sheets are required for alldecontamination solvents or solutions as required bythe Hazard Communication Standard (i.e., acetone,alcohol, and trisodiumphosphate).

In some jurisdictions, phosphate containing detergents(i.e., TSP) are banned.

12.0 REFERENCES

Field Sampling Procedures Manual, New JerseyDepartment of Environmental Protection, February,1988.

A Compendium of Superfund Field OperationsMethods, EPA 540/p-87/001.

Engineering Support Branch Standard OperatingProcedures and Quality Assurance Manual, USEPARegion IV, April 1, 1986.

Guidelines for the Selection of Chemical ProtectiveClothing, Volume 1, Third Edition, AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,Inc., February, 1987.

Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual forHazardous Waste Site Activities,NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA, October, 1985.

9

APPENDIX A

Table

Table 1. Soluble Contaminants and Recommended Solvent Rinse

TABLE 1Soluble Contaminants and Recommended Solvent Rinse

SOLVENT EXAMPLES OF SOLUBLE(1)

SOLVENTS CONTAMINANTS

Water Deionized water Low-chain hydrocarbonsTap water Inorganic compounds

SaltsSome organic acids and other polarcompounds

Dilute Acids Nitric acid Basic (caustic) compounds (e.g., aminesAcetic acid and hydrazines)Boric acid

Dilute Bases Sodium bicarbonate (e.g., Acidic compoundssoap detergent) Phenol

ThiolsSome nitro and sulfonic compounds

Organic Solvents Alcohols Nonpolar compounds (e.g., some(2)

Ethers organic compounds) Ketones Aromatics Straight chain alkalines(e.g., hexane) Common petroleumproducts (e.g., fuel, oil,kerosene)

Organic Solvent Hexane PCBs(2)

- Material safety data sheets are required for all decontamination solvents or solutions as required(1)

by the Hazard Communication Standard

- WARNING: Some organic solvents can permeate and/or degrade the protective clothing(2)

10

APPENDIX B

Figures

Figure 1. Contamination Reduction Zone Layout

11

APPENDIX B (Cont’d.)

Figures

Figure 2. Decontamination Layout

1

SOP#: 2013DATE: 11/17/94

REV. #: 0.0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,

This standard operating procedure (SOP) is applicableto the collection of representative liquid samples, bothaqueous and non-aqueous from streams, rivers, lakes,ponds, lagoons, and surface impoundments. Itincludes samples collected from depth, as well assamples collected from the surface.

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable)operating procedures which may be varied or changedas required, dependent upon site conditions,equipment limitations or limitations imposed by theprocedure or other procedure limitations. In allinstances, the ultimate procedures employed should bedocumented and associated with the final report.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Sampling situations vary widely, therefore, nouniversal sampling procedure can be recommended.However, sampling of both aqueous and non-aqueousliquids from the above mentioned sources is generallyaccomplished through the use of one of the followingsamplers or techniques:

C Kemmerer bottleC Bacon bomb samplerC Dip samplerC Direct method

These sampling techniques will allow for thecollection of representative samples from the majorityof surface waters and impoundments encountered.

CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

Once samples have been collected, the followingprocedure should be followed:

1. Transfer the sample(s) into suitable, labeledsample containers.

2. Preserve the sample if appropriate, or usepre-preserved sample bottles. Do not overfillbottles if they are pre-preserved.

3. Cap the container, place in a ziploc plasticbag and cool to 4 C.o

4. Record all pertinent data in the site logbookand on field data sheets.

5. Complete the Chain of Custody record.

6. Attach custody seals to cooler prior toshipment.

7. Decontaminate all sampling equipment priorto the collection of additional samples withthat sampling device.


There are two primary interferences or potentialproblems with surface water sampling. These includecross contamination of samples and improper samplecollection.

2

1. Cross contamination problems can beeliminated or minimized through the use ofdedicated sampling equipment. If this is notpossible or practical, then decontamination ofsampling equipment is necessary. Refer tothe Sampling Equipment DecontaminationSOP.

2. Improper sample collection can involve usingcontaminated equipment, disturbance of thestream or impoundment substrate, andsampling in an obviously disturbed area.

Following proper decontamination procedures andminimizing disturbance of the sample site willeliminate these problems.


Equipment needed for collection of surface watersamples may include (depending on techniquechosen):

C Kemmerer bottlesC Bacon bomb samplerC Dip samplerC Line and messengersC Sample bottles/preservativesC Ziploc bagsC IceC CoolersC Chain of Custody records, custody sealsC Field data sheetsC Decontamination equipmentC Maps/plot planC Safety equipmentC CompassC Tape measureC Survey stakes, flags, or buoys and anchorsC Camera and filmC Logbook/waterproof penC Sample bottle labels

6.0 REAGENTS

Reagents will be utilized for preservation of samplesand for decontamination of sampling equipment. Thepreservatives required are specified by the analysis tobe performed.

7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the extent of the sampling effort,the sampling methods to be employed, andthe types and amounts of equipment andsupplies needed.

2. Obtain the necessary sampling andmonitoring equipment.

3. Decontaminate or pre-clean equipment, andensure that it is in working order.

4. Prepare scheduling and coordinate with staff,clients, and regulatory agency, if appropriate.

5. Perform a general site survey prior to siteentry, in accordance with the site specificHealth and Safety Plan.

6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify andmark all sampling locations. If required theproposed locations may be adjusted based onsite access, property boundaries, and surfaceobstructions. If collecting sediment samples,this procedure may disturb the bottom.

7.2 Representative SamplingConsiderations

In order to collect a representative sample, thehydrology and morphometrics of a stream orimpoundment should be determined prior to sampling.This will aid in determining the presence of phases orlayers in lagoons, or impoundments, flow patterns instreams, and appropriate sample locations and depths.

Water quality data should be collected inimpoundments, and to determine if stratification ispresent. Measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, andtemperature can indicate if strata exist which wouldeffect analytical results. Measurements should becollected at one-meter intervals from the substrate tothe surface using the appropriate instrument (i.e., aHydrolab or equivalent).

3

Water quality measurements such as dissolved 3. When the Kemmerer bottle is at the requiredoxygen, pH, temperature, conductivity, and oxidation- depth, send down the messenger, closing thereduction potential can assist in the interpretation of sampling device.analytical data and the selection of sampling sites anddepths when surface water samples are collected. 4. Retrieve the sampler and discharge from the

Generally, the deciding factors in the selection of a potential contamination of the valve.sampling device for sampling liquids in streams, Transfer the sample to the appropriaterivers, lakes, ponds, lagoons, and surface sample container.impoundments are:

1. Will the sample be collected from shore orfrom a boat?

2. What is the desired depth at which you wishto collect the sample?

3. What is the overall depth and flow directionof river or stream?

4. What type of sample will be collected (i.e.,water or lagoon liquids)?

7.2.1 Sampler Composition

The appropriate sampling device must be of a proper sampler.composition. Selection of samplers constructed ofglass, stainless steel, PVC or PFTE (Teflon) should be 3. Transfer the sample to the appropriatebased upon the analyses to be performed. sample container by pulling up on the trigger.

7.3 Sample Collection

7.3.1 Kemmerer Bottle

A Kemmerer bottle (Figure 1, Appendix A) may beused in most situations where site access is from aboat or structure such as a bridge or pier, and wheresamples at depth are required. Sampling proceduresare as follows:

1. Use a properly decontaminated Kemmererbottle. Set the sampling device so that thesampling end pieces (upper and lowerstoppers) are pulled away from the samplingtube (body), allowing the substance to besampled to pass through this tube.

2. Lower the pre-set sampling device to thepredetermined depth. Avoid bottomdisturbance.

bottom drain the first 10-20 mL to clear any

7.3.2 Bacon Bomb Sampler

A bacon bomb sampler (Figure 2, Appendix A) maybe used in situations similar to those outlined for theKemmerer bottle. Sampling procedures are asfollows:

1. Lower the bacon bomb sampler carefully tothe desired depth, allowing the line for thetrigger to remain slack at all times. Whenthe desired depth is reached, pull the triggerline until taut. This will allow the sampler tofill.

2. Release the trigger line and retrieve the

7.3.3 Dip Sampler

A dip sampler (Figure 3, Appendix A) is useful insituations where a sample is to be recovered from anoutfall pipe or along a lagoon bank where directaccess is limited. The long handle on such a deviceallows access from a discrete location. Samplingprocedures are as follows:

1. Assemble the device in accordance with themanufacturer's instructions.

2. Extend the device to the sample location andcollect the sample by dipping the samplerinto the substance.

3. Retrieve the sampler and transfer the sampleto the appropriate sample container.

4

7.3.4 Direct Method

For streams, rivers, lakes, and other surface waters, This section is not applicable to this SOP.the direct method may be utilized to collect watersamples from the surface directly into the samplebottle. This method is not to be used for samplinglagoons or other impoundments where contact withcontaminants is a concern.

Using adequate protective clothing, access thesampling station by appropriate means. For shallowstream stations, collect the sample under the watersurface while pointing the sample container upstream;the container must be upstream of the collector.Avoid disturbing the substrate. For lakes and otherimpoundments, collect the sample under the watersurface avoiding surface debris and the boat wake.

When using the direct method, do not use pre-preserved sample bottles as the collection method maydilute the concentration of preservative necessary forproper sample preservation.

8.0 CALCULATIONS

This section is not applicable to this SOP.

9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activities U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1984.which apply to the implementation of these Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites - Aprocedures. However, the following general QA Methods Manual: Volume II. Available Samplingprocedures apply: Methods, Second Edition. EPA/600/4-84-076.

1. All data must be documented on field datasheets or within site logbooks.

2. All instrumentation must be operated inaccordance with operating instructions assupplied by the manufacturer, unlessotherwise specified in the work plan.Equipment checkout and calibrationactivities must occur prior tosampling/operation and they must bedocumented.



When working with potentially hazardous materials,follow U.S. EPA, OSHA and corporate health andsafety procedures.

More specifically, when sampling lagoons or surfaceimpoundments containing known or suspectedhazardous substances, adequate precautions must betaken to ensure the safety of sampling personnel. Thesampling team member collecting the sample shouldnot get too close to the edge of the impoundment,where bank failure may cause him/her to lose his/herbalance. The person performing the sampling shouldbe on a lifeline and be wearing adequate protectiveequipment. When conducting sampling from a boat inan impoundment or flowing waters, appropriateboating safety procedures should be followed.

12.0 REFERENCES

U.S. Geological Survey. 1977. National Handbook orRecommended Methods for Water Data Acquisition.Office of Water Data Coordination Reston, Virginia.(Chapter Updates available).

5

APPENDIX A

Figures

FIGURE 1. Kemmerer Bottle

6

APPENDIX A (Cont’d)

Figures

FIGURE 2. Bacon Bomb Sampler

7

APPENDIX A (Cont’d)

Figures

FIGURE 3. Dip Sampler

SOP 0010.01 GROUP Database Management System

SUB-GROUP Data Collection and Acquisition TITLE Sample Nomenclature DATE 02/26/2009 FILE 0110-20060227.DOC PAGE 1 of 2

INTRODUCTION

The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) presents the sample nomenclature for analytical samples that will generate unique sample names compatible with most data management systems. The sample nomenclature is based upon specific requirements for the reporting of these results. A site specific sampling plan should be prepared prior to sample collection. PROCEDURE

SAMPLE NOMENCLATURE – SUBSURFACE WATER Area of Concern – Depth – Collection Type + QC Type

Where:

Area of Concern: A four-digit identifier used to designate the particular Area of Concern (AOC) that the location where the sample was collected.

Depth: A two-digit code used to designate what depth the sample was collected:

01 1 METER 02 2 METERS 10 10 METERS

Collection Type: A one-digit code used to designate what type of sample was collected:

1 Surface Water 6 Oil 2 Ground Water 7 Waste 3 Leachate 8 Other 4 Field QC/water sample 9 Drinking Water 5 Soil/Sediment

QC Type: A one-digit code used to designate the QC type of the sample:

1 Normal 2 Duplicate 3 Rinsate Blank 4 Trip Blank 5 Field Blank 6 Confirmation

Examples:

SW01-01-11: Represents the normal subsurface water sample collected from AOC SW01 from 1 meter below surface.

SW01-01-12: Represents the duplicate subsurface water sample collected from AOC SW01 from 1 meter below surface.

SW01-01-43: Represents the rinsate water sample collected after the last sample of the day if last sample was collected from AOC SW01 from 1 meter below surface.

SOP 1501.01 GROUP Field Documentation

SUB-GROUP TITLE Field Logbook DATE 5/14/2010 FILE 1501-01.DOC PAGE 1 of 3

INTRODUCTION The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) presents the procedures for documenting activities observed or completed in the field in a field logbook. The documentation should represent all activities of WESTON personnel and entities under WESTON’s supervision. TERMS FSP - Field Sampling Plan SAP - Sampling and Analysis Plan QAPP - Quality Assurance Project Plan HASP - Health and Safety Plan PROCEDURE Field logbooks will be used and maintained during field activities to document pertinent information observed or completed by WESTON personnel or entities that WESTON is responsible for providing oversight. Field logbooks are legal documents that form the basis for later written reports and may serve as evidence in legal proceedings. The Site Manager or Field Team Leader will review field log entries daily and initial each page of entries. Field logbooks will be maintained by the Site Manager or Field Team Leader during field activities and transferred to the project files for a record of activities at the conclusion of the project. General logbook entry procedures are listed below.

Logbooks must be permanently bound with all pages numbered to the end of the book. Entries should begin on page 1.

Only use blue or black ink (waterproof) for logbook entries. Sign entries at the end of the day, or before someone else writes in the logbook. If a complete page is not used, draw a line diagonally across the blank portion of the page and

initial and date the bottom line. If a line on the page is not completely filled, draw a horizontal line through the blank portion. Ensure that the logbook clearly shows the sequence of the day’s events. Do not write in the margins or between written lines, and do not leave blank pages to fill in

later. If an error is made, make corrections by drawing a single line through the error and initialing

it. Maintain control of the logbook and keep in a secure location.



Field logbooks will contain, at a minimum, the following information, if applicable: General Information

Name, location of site, and work order number Name of the Site Manager or Field Team Leader Names and responsibilities of all field team members using the logbook (or involved with

activities for which entries are being made) Weather conditions Field observations Names of any site visitors including entities that they represent

Sample Collection Activities

Date(s) and times of the sample collection or event. Number and types of collected samples. Sample location with an emphasis on any changes to documentation in governing documents

(i.e., SAP, FSP). This may include measurements from reference points or sketches of sample locations with respect to local features.

Sample identification numbers, including any applicable cross-references to split samples or

samples collected by another entity. A description of sampling methodology, or reference to any governing document (i.e., FSP,

SAP, QAPP). Summary of equipment preparation and decontamination procedures. Sample description including depth, color, texture, moisture content, and evidence of waste

material or staining. Air monitoring (field screening) results. Types of laboratory analyses requested.

Site Health and Safety Activities

All safety, accident, and/or incident reports.



Real-time personnel air monitoring results, if applicable, or if not documented in the HASP. Heat/cold stress monitoring data, if applicable. Reasons for upgrades or downgrades in personal protective equipment. Health and safety inspections, checklists (drilling safety guide), meetings/briefings. Calibration records for field instruments.

Oversight Activities

Progress and activities performed by contractors including operating times. Deviations of contractor activities with respect to project governing documents (i.e.,

specifications). Contractor sampling results and disposition of contingent soil materials/stockpiles. Excavation specifications and locations of contractor confirmation samples. General site housekeeping and safety issues by site contractors.

SOP 1101.01 GROUP Sampling Handling

SUB-GROUP Sample Custody TITLE Sample Custody in the Field DATE 5/14/2010 FILE 1101-01.DOC PAGE 1 of 4

INTRODUCTION The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) presents procedures for maintaining sample chain of custody (COC) during activities where samples are collected. PROCEDURE Sample custody is defined as being under a person's custody if any of the following conditions exist:

it is in their possession, it is in their view, after being in their possession, it was in their possession and they locked it up, or it is in a designated secure area.

A designated field sampler will be personally responsible for the care and custody of collected samples until they are transferred to another person or properly dispatched to the laboratory. To the extent practicable, as few people as possible will handle the samples. Sample tags or labels will be completed and applied to the container of each sample. When the tags or labels are being completed, waterproof ink will be used. If waterproof ink is not used, the tags or labels will be covered by transparent waterproof tape. Sample containers may also be placed in Ziploc-type storage bags to help keep them clean in the cooler. Information typically included on the sample tags or labels will include the following:

Project Code Station Number and Location Sample Identification Number Date and Time of Sample Collection Type of Laboratory Analysis Required Preservation Required, if applicable Collector's Signature Priority (optional) Other Remarks

Additonal information may include:

Anticipated Range of Results (Low, Medium, or High) Sample Analysis Priority



A COC form will be completed each time a sample or group of samples is prepared for transfer to the laboratory. The form will repeat the information on each of the sample labels and will serve as documentation of handling during shipment. The minimum information requirements of the COC form are listed in Table 1101.01-A. An example COC form is shown in Figure 1101.01-A. The completed COC must be reviewed by the Field Team Leader or Site Manager prior to sample shipment. The COC form will remain each sample shipping container at all times, and another copy will be retained by the member of the sampling team who originally relinquished the samples or in a project file.



TABLE 1101.01-A CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM

INFORMATION COMPLETED BY

DESCRIPTION

COC Laboratory enter a unique number for each chain of custody form

SHIP TO Field Team enter the laboratory name and address

CARRIER Field Team enter the name of the transporter (e.g., FedEx) or handcarried

AIRBILL Field Team enter the airbill number or transporter tracking number (if applicable)

PROJECT NAME

Field Team enter the project name

SAMPLER NAME

Field Team enter the name of the person collecting the samples

SAMPLER SIGNATURE

Field Team signature of the person collecting the samples

SEND RESULTS TO

Field Team enter the name and address of the prime contractor

FIELD SAMPLE ID

Field Team enter the unique identifying number given to the field sample (includes MS, MSD, field duplicate and field blanks)

DATE Field Team enter the year and date the sample was collected in the format M/D (e.g., 6/3)

TIME Field Team enter the time the sample was collected in 24 hour format (e.g., 0900)

MATRIX Field Team enter the sample matrix (e.g., water, soil)

PRESERVATIVE Field Team enter the preservative used (e.g., HNO3) or “none”

FILTERED/ UNFILTERED

Field Team enter “F” if the sample was filtered or “U” if the sample was not filtered

CONTAINERS Field Team enter the number of containers associated with the sample

MS/MSD Field Team or Laboratory

enter “X” if the sample is designated for the MS/MSD

ANALYSES REQUESTED Field Team enter the method name of the analysis requested (e.g., SW6010A)

COMMENTS Field Team enter comments

SAMPLE CONDITION

UPON RECEIPT AT

LABORATORY

Laboratory enter any problems with the condition of any sample(s)

COOLER

TEMPERATURE Laboratory enter the internal temperature of the cooler, in degrees C, upon opening

SPECIAL

INSTRUCTIONS/COMME

NTS

Laboratory enter any special instructions or comments

RELEASED BY (SIG) Field Team and Laboratory

enter the signature of the person releasing custody of the samples

COMPANY NAME Field Team and Laboratory

enter the company name employing the person releasing/receiving custody

RECEIVED BY (SIG) Field Team and Laboratory

enter the signature of the person receiving custody of the samples

DATE Field Team and Laboratory

enter the date in the format M/D/YY (e.g., 6/3/96) when the samples were released/received

TIME Field Team and Laboratory

enter the date in 24 hour format (e.g., 0900) when the samples were released/received



FIGURE 1101.01-A CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM

SOP 1005.03 GROUP Sampling Procedures

SUB-GROUP Field QA/QC Sampling TITLE Field Blank Preparation DATE 5/14/2010 FILE 1005-03.DOC PAGE 1 of 1

INTRODUCTION

The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) presents the procedure to prepare a field blank. A field blank is a type of quality control sample prepared during the collection of normal samples. The field blank consists of target analyte-free, deionized, or distilled water that is poured directly into appropriate sampling containers at a particular sampling location. These samples are then submitted to the laboratory for analyses similar those conducted for other samples collected during the investigation. The results for the field blank are evaluated to determine if sample integrity may have been compromised through air borne entry of contaminants or from the sample glassware. PROCEDURE A field blank will be prepared by placing (pouring) a sample of target analyte-free, deionized, or distilled water (as appropriate to the project) into a clean sample container during collection of the samples in the field. This sample will then be sealed, labeled, and placed in a cooler with other samples collected during the investigation. The field blank sample will typically be submitted to the laboratory for analysis similar to those being performed for other samples collected during the investigation. The frequency for collecting field blanks should be determined prior to engaging in field activities, and communicated in site-specific quality assurance project plans, sampling and analyses plans, or a type of work plan. Field blanks should be collected at a rate relative to each type of sample collection procedure (i.e., groundwater, surface water). Typically, field blanks will be collected at a rate of 1 per 20 samples of a given environmental media. Reference should be made to the contract or sampling and analysis plan for site-specific requirements.


SUB-GROUP Field QA/QC Sampling TITLE Rinse Blank Preparation DATE 5/14/2010 FILE 1005-02.DOC PAGE 1 of 1

INTRODUCTION The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) presents a method to prepare a type of quality control sample specific to the field decontamination process, the equipment rinse blank. The rinse blank provides information on the effectiveness of the decontamination process employed in the field. When used in conjunction with field blanks and trip blanks, the rinse blank can be used to assist in evaluating possible compromise of samples from field related activities. PROCEDURE The equipment rinse blank is prepared by passing target analyte-free (i.e., deionized) water over and through a field decontaminated sampling device, then collecting the rinse water in appropriate clean sample containers. Rinse blanks will typically be collected from equipment that comes in contact with samples, such as auger buckets, split spoons, bailers, shelby tubes, and stainless steel spoons/trowels. The collected sample will be coded appropriately prior to logging and shipping. Equipment blanks are not required if dedicated sampling equipment is used. Equipment blanks will be collected periodically during the day immediately after decontamination of the sampling equipment being used. The frequency for collecting equipment blanks will be determined prior to engaging in field activities, and communicated in site-specific quality assurance project plans, sampling and analyses plans, or a type of work plan. Equipment blanks will be collected at a rate relative to each type of sample collection procedure (i.e., surface sample, sample at depth using a hand auger). Equipment blanks will generally be collected at a frequency of 1 per 20 (normal) samples of a given matrix.


SUB-GROUP Field QA/QC Sampling TITLE Field Duplicate Collection DATE 4/27/2005 FILE 1005-01.DOC PAGE 1 of 2

INTRODUCTION

The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) describes the procedure for collecting field duplicate soil and water samples. When samples are collected for analysis, it is typically desired that independent data allowing evaluation of laboratory precision (i.e., the degree to which a laboratory result can be repeated) on site-specific samples be collected. A field duplicate sample is a second sample collected at the same location as the original sample. Duplicate samples are collected simultaneously or in immediate succession, using identical recovery techniques, and treated in an identical manner during storage, transportation, and analysis. The sample containers are assigned an identification number in the field such that they cannot be identified (blind duplicate) as duplicated samples by laboratory personnel performing the analysis. Specific locations are designated for collection of field duplicate samples prior to the beginning of sample collection. The duplicate soil sampling procedure is closely related to SOP Nos. 1001.01, 1001.03, and 1001.10 regarding soil sampling procedures. This procedure serves as an alternative method or extension of sample preparation prior to placing the samples in containers, as described in the 1001 series of the SOPs (e.g. 1001.01 and 1001.03).

DUPLICATE SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURE The procedure to be used to physically collect soil samples are described in SOP Nos. 1001.01 and 1001.03. Reference should be made to these SOPs for specific sampling equipment, procedures, and other general guidelines. As soil is collected, the following procedure will be used to prepare a field duplicate sample:

• The soil will be collected in general accordance with SOP 1001.01 or 1001.03, with the exception that samples will generally not be immediately placed into sample containers and an additional preparation step (i.e., sample splitting) will be performed.

• As they are collected, soil samples to be submitted as field duplicates will be staged in a clean

mixing bowl or mixing bucket. • For samples that will be analyzed for volatile organic compounds, the soil sample will be

split in half and an equal portion of soil will be placed directly into two or more different sample containers, each container representing a different sample for laboratory analysis. The soil will not be homogenized to minimize the potential for volatilization of the organic compounds potentially in the sample.

• For analyses of chemicals other than volatile organic compounds, the soil removed from the

discrete sample location will be homogenized in a clean mixing bowl using a clean scoop or spatula (as described in SOPs 1001.01 and 1001.03). Homogenization will generally continue until the discrete samples being combined are reasonably indistinguishable as individual samples in the soil mixture. However, it is recognized that homogenization can be difficult for highly plastic clays. In this case, equal amounts of the soil core of each clay sample will be cut into small, roughly cubical pieces using a stainless steel knife and placed into a bowl and homogenized to extent practical.


SUB-GROUP Field QA/QC Sampling TITLE Field Duplicate Collection DATE 4/27/2005 FILE 1005-01.DOC PAGE 2 of 2

• The field duplicate sample (except for volatiles as note above) will be collected from the mixing bowl containing the homogenized samples after homogenization is performed. The composited sample will be collected using a stainless steel or disposable plastic scoop or similar tool. The sample will be placed in a clean sample container and then handled in accordance with soil sampling SOPs 1001.01 and 1001.03.

Another difference from the referenced SOPs is that additional soil volume may need to be collected from a discrete sample location during the sampling process to provide sufficient sample volume for two or more sets of laboratory analyses. If the collection of additional sample volume will result in the sample interval expanding to greater depths or laterally outward, the sampling tools identified in 1001 series of the SOPs can be used at two immediately vertically or laterally adjacent locations, as appropriate. If sampling from two adjacent but distinct locations is necessary to obtain adequate sample volume, the soil from the two locations should be composited in accordance with SOP 1001.10. Field duplicates of composited samples may also be performed using this SOP for field duplicate samples. Variations on this procedure are allowable to accommodate different soil conditions and any site requirements specifically identified in the site-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan. Equipment that may be used as part of the soil compositing procedure is identified under SOP Nos. 1001.01 and 1001.03 where soil sampling methods are described. DUPLICATE WATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES The procedure to be used to physically collect water samples are described in 1002 series of the SOPs (e.g. 1002.01 and 1002.02). Reference should be made to these SOPs for specific sampling equipment, procedures, and other general guidelines. A duplicate water sample will be collected from the same location as the parent sample and within 15 minutes of the collection of the parent sample. The number of samples that may be submitted as blind field duplicates for the project in question will be specified in the site-specific sampling plan. Blind field duplicates are typically collected at a frequency of 1 per 10 samples of a given environmental media at sites, especially where laboratory analytical data will be used for evaluating regulatory compliance and other engineering judgments. Sampling in support of a routine monitoring program may not require field duplicates. Reference should be made to the site-specific contract and work plans. REFERENCES SOP No. 1001.01 - Standard Operating Procedure, Surface Soil Sampling SOP No. 1001.03 - Standard Operating Procedure, Soil Sampling - Hand Auger Method SOP No. 1001.10 - Standard Operating Procedure, Soil Compositing

bp spill quality assurance sampling plan, appendix b ... method summary sampling is the selection of...

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