bps mahila vishwavidyalaya, khanpur kalan (sonepat) school ... · 6.4 independent study / seminar /...

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BPS Mahila Vishwavidyalaya, Khanpur Kalan (Sonepat)

School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research

ORDINANCE

Bachelor of Pharmacy (w.e.f. session 2012-13)

1.Definitions:

1.1 Programme stands for Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm.). 1.2 Credit is the weightage assigned to a paper in terms of contact

hours. 1.3 Grade stands for a letter grade assigned to a student on the basis of evaluation of a paper on the 10 point scale. 1.4 Grade Point stands for the numerical equivalent of the letter grade.

2. Duration:

The normal duration of Bachelor of Pharmacy programme offered by School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research for a student admitted in I semester is four years, comprising of eight semesters and the maximum duration to complete the programme is six years.

The normal duration of Bachelor of Pharmacy programme for a student

admitted in III semester (Lateral Entry) is three years, comprising of six semesters and the maximum duration to complete the programme is five years.

3. Admissions:

3.1 Eligibility 3.1.1 For B Pharmacy I Semester: A female candidate should be pass in

10+2 examination from recognized Board/University with Physics & Chemistry as compulsory subjects and along with anyone of the following subjects:

a) Mathematics b) Biology c) Bio-Technology d) Computer Science Obtained at least 45% marks (40% in case of candidate belonging to reserved categories) marks in above subjects taken together. Eligibility Criteria may be changed time to time as per regulatory bodies/ the decisions of the University authorities. 3.1.2 For B Pharmacy III Semester: Lateral Entry to the Third Semester B. Pharmacy shall be open to the female candidate who has qualified Diploma in Pharmacy paper, from any institute approved by Pharmacy Council of India,

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New Delhi, obtaining at least 50% marks in aggregate of all semesters /Years in D. Pharmacy (45% in case of candidate belonging to reserved categories) Eligibility Criteria may be changed time to time as per regulatory bodies/ the decisions of the University authorities. 3.1.3 No female candidate who is in employment (full-time, part-time, or honorary service) shall be eligible to take admission in Bachelor of Pharmacy programme without taking leave from her office/ institution etc. from the date of admission to the termination of the examination/ including other essential requirements. She has to submit an affidavit in this regard. If found in violation of this rule her admission shall stand cancelled.

3.2 Procedure For B Pharmacy I & III Semester: Admissions will be made on the basis of merit/ entrance/ any other criteria decided by the University time to time.

4. Fee: The programme fee shall be paid by the candidate as prescribed by the University from time to time.

5. Teaching Methodology: The methods of teaching shall include classroom instructions, assignments,

practical, seminars, workshops, skill in computer, etc. The medium of instruction shall be English.

6. Credit Weightage:

Each paper has a certain number of credits which reflect its weightage. Credits of a paper are evaluated as under:

6.1 Lecture: One credit per lecture per week per semester will generally be adopted. 6.2 Tutorial: Half credit per tutorial hour per week per semester will be adopted. 6.3 Practical: Half credit per hour per week per semester will be assigned. 6.4 Independent Study / Seminar / Project: Weightage equivalent to theory paper will be assigned.

7. Examination:

7.1 At the end of the each semester, there shall be an examination where each candidate shall be examined in the paper studied by them in that semester. Each semester examination shall be designated as first semester examination, second semester examination, third semester examination and so on.

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7.2 The examination in each semester will be held according to the syllabi approved by the Board of Studies. The panel of Examiners shall be appointed for each paper and shall be recommended by the Under Graduate Board of Studies (UG BOS). 7.3 The examination shall consist of theory papers and practical examination. Theory papers are to be set by the internal/ external paper setters appointed by the Vice Chancellor from a panel of examiners submitted by the Chairperson of the B. Pharmacy Department dully approved by the BOS of the concerned department. 7.4 Practical examination shall be conducted jointly by the external & internal examiners. If an external examiner is not able to join, alternate examiner (including those of the same University Department) may be appointed by the Chairperson of the B. Pharmacy Department with the intimation to the Controller of Examination in the following preferential order: (i) From outside (ii) From BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan 7.5 The examination for all odd semesters will normally be held in December/ January and for all even semesters in May/ June on such dates as provided by the University. The concerned teacher/ paper coordinator should ensure that 100% syllabus is covered in each subject before the semester examination. 7.6 Every paper is coordinated by a member of the teaching staff of the department which is offering the paper in a given semester. This faculty member is called the paper coordinator. He/ She has the full responsibility of conducting the paper, coordinating the work of the other members of the faculty involved in the paper, holding the midterm class tests (sessionals) & other components prescribed for internal evaluation . For any difficulty, the student is expected to approach the paper coordinator for advice & clarification. All the responsibilities from teaching to the submission of awards will be of the paper coordinator. 7.7 Every student has to appear in the two midterm class tests (sessionals) & other components prescribed for internal evaluation. The marks obtained in the internal evaluation are to be submitted to the examination branch duly signed by the Chairperson of the B. Pharmacy Department before the close of semester examination. 7.8 If a candidate, after attending the classes for the paper of studies in the B. Pharmacy Department either not appeared or having appeared in any semester examination has failed in one or more papers for that examination, she can appear for such papers in supplementary examinations without attending a fresh paper of studies for that semester, such a candidate may, in the meantime, prosecute her studies for the next semesters. 7.9 Two midterm class tests will be conducted as per time table prescribed by the Chairperson of the B. Pharmacy Department. Examination of other components may be conducted by teacher concerned.

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8. Reappear / Supplementary Examination: Supplementary Examinations For:

S.No. Semester Schedule 1 I Along with regular students of I semester.

2 II Along with regular students of II semester.

3 III Along with regular students of III semester.

4 IV Along with regular students of IV semester.

5 V Along with regular students of V semester.

6 VI Along with regular students of VI semester.

7 VII In all subsequent examinations.

8 VIII In all subsequent examinations.

9. Evaluation and Grading:

9.1 The assessment will be 50% internal and 50% external 9.2 The student will have to qualify internal and external examinations separately. 9.3 The weightage for internal evaluation shall be assigned by covering following areas broadly:

For Theory Papers: Component Weightage 9.3.1 Two midterm class tests (Sessionals) =60% 9.3.2 Assignments/Quiz’s/On the Spot test

Seminars/Presentations/Group Discussions Case Studies/Minor Projects/Industry Interface =30% 9.3.3 General Performance (Active classroom participation, Attendance etc.) =10%

For Laboratory/ Practical Papers: Component Weightage 9.3.4 Day to Day assessment = 60% 9.3.5 Viva-Voce & Laboratory Record =30% 9.3.6 General Performance (Active Laboratory participation, Attendance etc.) =10 %

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9.4 Adhoc Grace:

If there is any discrepancy/ out of syllabus /printing error / untoward incident during the examination, the matter be referred to a Standing committee of:

(i) Controller of Examinations. (ii) HOD of the Pharmacy Department. (iii) One faculty member concerning the subject.

The Committee may recommend re-conduct the paper or uniform grace marks to all but that should not exceed 10% marks of that particular paper.

9.5 Moderation of Marks:

(a)Internal Examinations: If there are more than one teacher associated in any internal assessment, one of the member be made coordinator by the concerned HOD and he along with the others can moderate the marks to maintain uniformity so that no student get undue advantage or disadvantage.

(b)External Examinations: If there is unusual variation (very high or very low) in the awards, the COE may refer the matter to a Moderation Committee consisting of

(i) Controller of Examinations.

(ii) HOD of the Pharmacy Department. (iii) One faculty member concerning the subject. As per recommendation of the committee the result may be revised. 9.6 In case, the candidate is fail or has failed in the internal examination, the internal examiner may conduct the re-examination as and when feel suitable with prior approval of the Head of the Department.

9.7 Grading:

The academic performance of a student shall be graded on a scale as prescribed by the Examination Branch of the University. The department concerned shall only prescribe the pass grade. 9.7.1 After finalization of the marks, the same shall be displayed on the department notice board for duration of two days for information of students. Students, who have a specific grievance against the marks awarded to her, may discuss the same with the concerned Paper Coordinator who after consideration of the grievance of all the students shall finalize the marks to be awarded for the paper.

9.7.2 Before submission of the finalized award list in a prescribed formation to the concerned administrative office, the individual Paper coordinator shall discuss the marks distribution of his/her Faculty of Study. However, the final discussion with regard to marks will rest with the Paper Coordinator.

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9.7.3 On receipt of the award list for all papers offered by a given Faculty of Study the concerned administrative office shall put up the consolidated results for that Faculty for discussion and approval from the Department Staff Council (All Faculty Members).

9.7.4 The academic performance of a student shall be graded on a scale prescribed by the University as follows:

Academic Performance Letter Grades Grade Points (G)

Outstanding A+ 10 Extra Ordinary A 09 Excellent B+ 08 Very Good B 07 Good C+ 06 Average C 05 Poor D 04 Very Poor E 03

The award of grades based upon marks obtained out of 100 shall be made as follows:

Marks Grade Marks 90 ≤ A+ ≤ 100 80 ≤ A ≤ 89 70 ≤ B+ ≤ 79 60 ≤ B ≤ 69 50 ≤ C+ ≤ 59 40 ≤ C ≤ 49 30 ≤ D ≤ 39 20 ≤ E ≤ 29

Note: 1. The pass percentage is 50%, Pass Grade is Grade C+ and higher grades.

2. Grades C, D and E are fail grades. 9.7.5 Calculation of Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) & Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA): The Grade Point Average is calculated as follows: GPA= ∑ (Number of credits x Grade Points) ∑ (Number of Credits Registered)

For the purpose of calculation of GPA for SGPA only those papers (including projects) will be taken into account in which the student has been awarded pass grade. Here S stands for the sum of (i) SGPA= ∑Ci Pi

∑Ci

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Where Ci = Number of credits earned in the ith paper of a semester for which SGPA is to be calculated. Pi = Grade point earned in ith paper I = 1, 2, 3,…………………..n, represent the number of papers in which a student is registered in the concerned semester. (ii) CGPA= ∑Cj Pj

∑Cj Where Cj = Number of credits earned in the jth paper upto the semester for which CGPA is calculated. Pj = Grade point earned in the jth paper. Any grade lower than the pass grade in a paper shall not be taken into account. J =1,2,3,………….n, represent the number of papers in which student was registered and obtained a grade not lower than C upto the semester for which CGPA is to be calculated. 9.7.6 If the candidate is not satisfied with the evaluation of the answer sheet of Semester examination, she may apply to the controller of Examinations for re-evaluation in accordance with the rules laid down by the University in this regard.

10. Promotion: 10.1 A candidate must qualify at least 50 % papers of B. Pharmacy I Sem., II

Sem., III Sem. & IV Semester (taken together) to be allowed to admit in B. Pharmacy V Semester.

10.2. A candidate must qualify at least 50 % papers of B. Pharmacy III Sem., IV Sem., V Sem. & VI Semester (taken together) to be allowed to admit in B. Pharmacy VII Semester.

11. Division:

The successful candidates shall be classified in two divisions as under:

(i) Those who obtained 60% or more of the aggregate number of marks, in all the subjects in all semesters taken together, shall be placed in first division.

(ii) Those who obtained less than 60% but not less than 50% of the aggregate number of marks, in all subjects in all semesters taken together, shall be placed in the second division.

12. Scholarship:

A candidate while appearing in the re-appear examination shall not be eligible for a scholarship, a prize or a medal.

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13. Declaration of Results:

Six weeks after the termination of the examination or as soon as possible, the controller of examination shall declare the result. After successful completion of the course, the candidate shall be awarded a degree mentioning the division.

14. Improvement Case:

(i) A person who has qualified for the award of B. Pharmacy Course from

this university may be allowed to re-appear as an ex-student in at the most two subject(s) in which she appeared earlier, with a view to improve her previous performance. The candidate shall be awarded only two consecutive chances along with the re-appear students in the subject(s) concern immediately after her passing for her degree.

(ii) No candidate shall be eligible for improvement after one year of passing the examination for the degree course.

(iii) The Candidate will have to deposit fee and form for each examination

separately.

(iv) The higher score in the subject(s) in which she re-appears for improvement will be taken into account towards the final result and the marks already obtained by the candidate in the subjects in which she has not opted to improve her result shall be carried forward. The candidate shall be awarded a new DMC clearly mentioning ‘Improvement case’ subject(s) with improved marks, only and the new grand total.

(v) In case the candidate does not improve her result, it shall be declared as ‘Previous Result Stands’.

15. Attendance:

15.1 No candidate shall be considered to have pursued a regular paper of the study unless she has attended not less than 75% of the classes in each paper. A deficiency up to 10% may be condoned by the Chairperson of the department. In some special cases the Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor may condone a further 5%. 15.2 If a student is absent from the Department for more than four weeks without intimating to the Chairperson/Paper coordinator of the department, her name will be struck off from the department rolls with information to the Academic Branch. 15.3 In case the student name is struck off due to nonpayment of fee and is re- admitted later, her attendance shall not be counted for that period.

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16. General Guidelines:

16.1 Where this document is silent about any rule, the University Policy/Regulations from time to time will be applicable. 16.2 Admission, teaching schedule, preparatory holidays, examination, winter, summer vacation, shall be followed as specified in academic calendar of the university. 16.3 A student is deemed to have completed the requirements for the degree and is eligible for the award of degree if:

16.3.1 She has satisfied all the academic requirements as per the regulations; and

16.3.2 She has pay all fees due from her; and 16.3.3 There is no case of indiscipline pending against her.

16.3.4 Satisfied the minimum academic and residence requirements; 16.3.5 Satisfactorily completed the requirements for the sort duration

across-curricular paper, industry internship and NCC/NSS as may be prescribed by the Academic council;

16.3.6 A student who has completed the entire graduation requirement listed above shall be eligible for award of degree / certificate. However, under extremely exceptional circumstances, where gross violation of the graduation requirements is detected at any later stage, the Academic Council may recommend to withdraw the degree/PG diploma already awarded.

16.4 The gap of one/two semesters missed by the student(s), as the case may be, will count towards the total duration of the programme permissible under the regulations. 16.5 Absence of registered students from classes during a semester shall be discouraged. However, for bonafied reasons such as illness, maternity, a student may grant leave of absence as per provision of leave rules for students framed by the Academic Council. 16.5 All academic problems of the students other than those affecting the University rules and regulations framed from time to time may be looked into by a committee constituted by the Dean Academic Affairs.

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Paper Code: BPL-101 PHARMACEUTICS-I (Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy)

L -- T -- P Total Credits:04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Pharmaceutical dispensing, practice and pharmacy: It is essential for a pharmacist to know while working in a pharmacy as how to prepare and supply medicines. This requires the knowledge of stability of medicines and their ingredients, principle of compounding, dosage, chemical, physical and therapeutic incompatibility, packaging methods, labeling procedures, legal requirements affecting drug storage, supply and records, containers and labeling of substances and misuse of drugs. UNIT I

Definitions and General Dispensing Procedures. Sources of information required for Pharmacists and History of Pharmacopoeias (I.P.,

B.P., and U.S.P.). Sources of error and care required in dispensing prescriptions. Pharmaceutical Latin-Latin Terms used in prescriptions and their English equivalents. Types of Dispensed products. Containers, closures and labelling for dispensed products. Colours, Flavours, Sweeteners and other additives used in prescriptions.

UNIT II

Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of typical preparations like mixtures, emulsion, creams, ointments, powders, pastes, jellies, suppositories, ophthalmics, pastilles, lozenges, pills, lotions, liniments, inhalations, paints, sprays etc.

Incompatibilities: Physical and chemical, occurrence and methods adopted in corrections.

UNIT III: Pharmaceutical Calculations

Percentage solutions, enlarging and reducing recipes, calculation of doses, alligation, alcohol dilutions, proof spirit, isotonic solutions, milli-equivalents, displacement value etc.

UNIT IV: Hospital and its organisation:

Pharmacy, organisation and personnel Hospital formulary Purchasing and inventory control Drug distribution Dispensing to inpatients Dispensing to outpatients

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Drug charges Pre-packaging Central sterile supply Drug information centre Maintenance of records Safe use of medicines

Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions)

1. Cooper and Gunn’s, “Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.

2. R. M. Mehta, “Dispensing Pharmacy”, New Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan. 3. B.M. Mithal, “A Text book of Pharmaceutical Formulations”, Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan. 4. John E. Hoover, “Dispensing of Medication”, Easton: Mack Publishing Co. 5. William E. Hassan, “Hospital Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 6. M. J. Stoklosa, “Pharmaceutical Calculation”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 7. Joel L. Zatz, “Pharmaceutical Calculations”, New York: John Wiley and Sons. 8. M. C. Attwood and J. T. Fell, “Text Book of Hospital Pharmacy”, Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific Publications. 9. Mitchell J. Stklosa & Howard C. Ansel, “Pharmaceutical Calculations”, Philadelphia:

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins publisher.

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Paper Code: BPL-103 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (Inorganic Chemistry)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Inorganic chemicals have been used in pharmacy and medicine for New York reasons ranging from therapeutic to nutritional supplements to pharmaceutical necessities. The paper is designed to study the principles of inorganic chemistry to pharmaceuticals and to study those inorganic agents used as pharmaceutical aids and necessities or as therapeutics and diagnostic agents. UNIT I

Impurities, Limit test for iron, lead, heavy metals, chloride & sulphate. An outline of the methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests for purity

and identity and special tests if any, of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in Indian Pharmacopoeia monograph details: Gastrointestinal agents: Acidifying agents, antacids, protectives and

adsorbents, cathartics; Major extra and intra cellular electrolytes: Physiological anions,

electrolytes used for replacement therapy, acid base balance and combination therapy.

Acids & Bases: Buffers, Water;

UNIT II

Essential and trace elements: Transition elements and their compounds of pharmaceutical importance: iron and haematinics, mineral supplements. Cationic and anionic compounds of inorganic drug useful for systemic effects.

Topical agents: Protectives, astringents and anti-infectives.

UNIT III

Gases and vapours: Oxygen, anesthetics and respiratory stimulants.8. Dental products: dentifrices, anti-caries agent.

Complexing and chelating agents used in therapy. Miscellaneous agents: Sclerosing agents, expectorants, emetics, poisons and

antidotes, sedatives etc. UNIT IV

Pharmaceutical aids used in pharmaceutical industry: Antioxidants,preservatives, filter aids, adsorbents, diluents, excipients, suspending agents, colorants etc.

Inorganic radiopharmaceuticals: Nuclear radiopharmaceuticals, reactions, nomenclature, methods of obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurement of activity, clinical applications and dosage, hazards and precautions.

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Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. A. I. Vogel, “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis”, London: ELBS/ Longman.

2. J. H. Block, E. Roche, T. O. Soine and C. O. Wilson, “Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemsitry”, Philadelphia PA: Lea and Febiger.

3. “Pharmacopoeia of India”, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health. 4. L.A. Diseher, “Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry”. New Delhi:

Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health, (All Edns.)

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Paper Code: BPL-105 PHARMACOLOGY- I (Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: In this subject emphasis is given to anatomy of different organs of human body. The students are familiarized with basic structures, location of different organs which play a role in the normal function of human body and applied aspects of developmental, gross and microscopic anatomy without burdening the students with unnecessary details of basic anatomy. Students are taught the general principles of functions of human body with emphasis on practical applications and basic physiological consideration of different systems of human body. Functional study of different organs and their inter-relationship and basic histological study of human cells and different organs is another important objective. UNIT I

Introduction Scope of anatomy, physiology and basic Terminology used in these subjects. Introduction to human body & organization of human body. Functional & structural characteristics of cell, cell components and their

function. Detailed structure of cell membrane & physiology of transport process. Structural & functional characteristics of elementary tissues of human body:

epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue, and their sub-types. Osseous system: Structure, composition & functions of skeleton. Classification of

joints, types of movements at joints, disorders of joints. Skeletal muscles: Their gross anatomy & physiology of muscle contraction,

physiological properties of skeletal muscles and their disorders. Haemopoetic system: Composition & function of blood and its elements, their

disorders, blood groups, and their significance, mechanism of coagulation, disorders of platelets and coagulation.

Lymph and lymphatic system: Composition, formulation and circulation of lymph, disorders of lymph and lymphatic system, basic physiology and functions of spleen.

Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs, functions of respiration mechanism and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes and vital capacity.

UNIT II

Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy of heart, physiology of heart, blood vessels and circulation. Basic understanding of cardiac cycle, heart sounds and electrocardiogram. Blood pressure and its regulation, Brief outline of cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, hypotension, arteriosclerosis, angina, myocardial infraction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

Digestive system: Gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, function of its different parts including those of liver, pancreas and gallbladder, various gastrointestinal secretions and their role in the absorption and digestion of food.

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Autonomic nervous system: Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous system. Mechanism of neurohumoral transmission in the autonomic nervous system.

Central nervous system: Functions of different parts of brain and spinal chord. Neurohumoral transmission in the central nervous system, reflux action, electroencephalogram, specialized functions of the brain, cranial nerves and their functions.

UNIT III

Endocrine system: basic anatomy and physiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, testes and ovary, their hormones and functions.

Urinary system: various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of the urine formation and acid base balance. Disease of urinary system.

Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive systems and their hormones, physiology of menstruation, coitus and fertilization. Sex differentiation, spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Pregnancy its maintenance and parturition.

Sense organs: Basic anatomy and physiology of the eye (vision), ear (hearing), taste buds, smell and skin (superficial receptors).

UNIT IV: Health Education:

Classification of food requirements, balance diet, nutritional deficiency disorders, their treatment and prevention, specification of drinking water.

Demography and family planning: Demography cycle, family planning, and various contraceptive methods. Medical Termination of pregnancy.

Communicable Diseases: Brief out line of communicable diseases, their causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention (chicken pox, influenza, diphtheria, cough, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid, food poisoning, helminthiasis, malaria, filariasis, rabies, trachoma, tetanus, leprosy, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS).

First aid: emergency treatment of shock, snakebites, burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods.

Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks.

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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. C. C. Chatterjee, “Human Physiology”, Calcutta: Medical Allied Agency 2. G. J. Tortora , “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology”, New York:Harper & row

Publishers,. 3. N. S. Parmar, “Health Education and Community Pharmacy”, New Delhi: CBS

Publishers and Distributors. 4. Guyton, “Textbook of Medical Physiology”, New York: W B Sannders Company. 5. “Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology”, Oxford University Press. 6. “Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice”, Baltimore: William and

Willkins. 7. B. D. Chaurasia, “Human Anatomy”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors.

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Paper Code: BPL-107 REMEDIAL BIOLOGY (REMEDIAL BIOLOGY) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 2 -- -- Total Marks: 50 External Marks: 25 Internal Marks: 25 Paper Objectives: This paper is for the students who did not have Biology at 10+2 level. The paper envisages studying the elementary biological science which includes study of general botany, Biotechnology, evolution of human life, sex determination, structure and function of human systems which find further application is pharmaceutical science. UNIT I

Methods of classification of plants. Plant cell: its structure and non-living inclusions, mitosis and meiosis, different types

of plant tissues and their functions. UNIT II

Morphology and histology of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed. Modification of root and stem.

UNIT III

General survey of animal kingdom, structure and life history of parasites as illustrated by amoeba, trypanosoma, plasmodium, taenia, ascaris.

UNIT IV

General structure and life history of insects like mosquito, houseflies and silkworm.

Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in this theory subject shall be of 25 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 05 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. A Fahn , “Plant Anatomy”, London: Pergamon Press. 2. B. M. Johri, “Reproductive Biology of Plants”, Mumbai: Narosa publishing House. 3. S. C. Rastogi, “Concepts in Molecular Biology”, Mumbai: Willey eastern Ltd. 4. Claude a. Villee, “Introduction to Animal Biology”, Philadelphia: W. D. Saunders co.

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Paper Code: BPL-109 REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS (REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: This paper is for the students who did not have Mathematics at 10+2 level. Mathematics is the language of science. The study of mathematics is important as all the equations used in pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics are in the mathematical forms and studies of such results are in logarithmic and integration forms. UNIT-I Algebra : Revision on equation reducible to quadratics and simultaneous equations (linear and quadratic) up to two variable only. Determinants and their six important properties, solutions of simultaneous equations by Cramar's rule. UNIT-II Matrices: Definition of special matrices (like unit, singular, diagonal matrices etc.) arithmetic operation on matrices, transpose, adjoint reciprocal and inverse of a matrix, solution of simultaneous equations using matrices. Partial fractions and resolution of linear and quadratic (non-repeated) partial functions. Evaluation of En, En2 and En3

UNIT-III

Trigonometry: Revision on angle measurement and T-ratios addition, subtraction and transformation formulae. T-ratio of multiple, sub multiple and allied angles, solution of simple trigonometric identities based on above concepts. UNIT-IV Pharmaceutical application of logarithms. Analytical plane geometry: Cartesian co-ordinates, distance between two points, area of triangle, locus of a point, straight line, slope and intercept form, general equation of first degree. Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks.

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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. Dinodoia, J and Chugh, “Elements of Pharmaceutical Mathematics” (Vol.I and

Vol.II), New Delhi: Jeevonsons Publications. 2. G. D. Dhall , S.N. Chhibbar , H.O. Trivedi and S. Chandra , “Frank Mathematics for

B.Pharma”, New Delhi: Frank Bros. & Co. Ltd. 3. Bradley and Smith, “Calculus”, New Jersey USA: Prentice Hall. 4. W. Hungerford Thomas , “Algebra” ,New York: Springer. 5. N. Piskunov , “Differtial and Integral Calculus”, Vol-II, Noida: G K Publishers Pvt.

Ltd. 6. S. T.Rizvi, “Algebra and its Applications”, New Delhi: Narosa Book Distributors Pvt.

Ltd.

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Paper Code: BPP-111 PHARMACEUTICS-I Practical (Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion including dispensing of preparations like

Emulsions Suspensions Solutions Creams Ointments Inhalations Liniments Paints Syrups Mixtures Pastes Powders

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. Cooper and Gunn’s, “Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.

2. M. C. Attwood and J. T. Fell, “Text Book of Hospital Pharmacy”, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

3. Mitchell J. Stklosa & Howard C. Ansel, “Pharmaceutical Calculations”, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins publisher.

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Paper Code: BPP-113 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I Practical (Inorganic Chemistry) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

The background and systemic qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures up to 4 radicals. Six mixtures to be analyzed, preferably by semi-micro methods. All identification tests for pharmaceutical, inorganic pharmaceutical and qualitative tests for cations and anions as included in the appendix of IP should be carried out. Limit tests for iron, lead, heavy metals, chloride & sulphate should be performed..


1. Y.D. Jigyasu, S.R. Upendra & B.B.Sharma,Systemic Modern Practical Chemistry, Part-I, New Delhi, Kalyani Publishers.

2. “Pharmacopoeia of India”, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health. 3. Dhake & Belsare, “Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Practical)”, U.S.A: Oxford

University Press.

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Paper Code: BPP-115 PHARMACOLOGY- I Practical (Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion, some of them may as follows:

Study of human skeleton. Study of different systems with the help of charts and models. Microscopic study of different tissues. Estimation of hemoglobin in blood. Determination of bleeding time, clotting time,

R.B. C. count, T. L. C., D. L. C., and E. S. R. Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure, basic understanding of

electrocardiogram-PQRST waves and their significance. Simple experiments involved in the analysis of normal and abnormal urine: collection

of specimen, appearance, and determination of pH, sugar, proteins, urea and creatinine.

Physiological experiments on nerve-muscle preparations. Determinations of vital capacity, experiments on spirometery.


1. G. J. Tortora , “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology”, New York:Harper & row Publishers,.

2. B. D. Chaurasia, “Human Anatomy”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors. 3. C. L. Ghai, “A text book of practical physiology”, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers

Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4. Van de Graaff and J.L. Crewley, “A photographic atlas for the anatomy and

physiology lab.” Englewood (U.S.A): Mortan Publishing. 5. R. K. Goyal, “Practical anatomy Physiology and biochemistry”, Ahmedabad: B. S.

Shah Prakashan. 6. F.J. Baker and R.E, “Silverton, Introduction to Medical Laboratory Technology”,

London: Butterworth & Co. Ltd.

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Paper Code: BPP-117 REMEDIAL BIOLOGY Practical (REMEDIAL BIOLOGY) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 50 External Marks: 25 Internal Marks: 25 Number of practicals based on theory portion, some of them may as follows:

Morphology of plant parts indicated in theory. Care, use and type of microscope. Gross identification of slides of structures and life cycle of lower plants/animals

mentioned in theory. Preparation, microscopic examination of stem, root and leaf of monocot and dicot

leaf. Structure of human parasite and insects mentioned in theory with the help of

specimen. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. A Fahn , “Plant Anatomy”, London: Pergamon Press. 2. Claude a. Villee, “Introduction to Animal Biology”, Philadelphia: W. D. Saunders co.

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Paper Code: BPL-102 Pharmaceutics-II (General Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The objective of this subject is to give an exposure to the students about the basic Terminologies used in pharmacy, basic techniques used in the field of pharmacy, knowledge about history and origin of pharmacy, different types of properties of pharmaceuticals and knowledge about physical processes used in pharmacy UNIT I

Extraction: Various methods of extraction of crude drugs namely percolation (various types including processes for concentrated preparations, constant hot percolation), maceration (various types including processes for organized and unorganized drugs, for concentrated preparations, double and triple maceration processes), Decoction. Formulation, preparation and uses of various Formulation, preparation and uses of pharmaceutical extracts.

UNIT II

Liquid Preparations: Formulation, preparation and uses of various liquid products namely syrups, aromatic waters, spirits, solutions, mucilage, elixirs, glycerin, mouthwashes, gargles, nasal drops, ear drops.

Semisolid dosage forms (ointments and suppositories): ointment, ointment bases, and factors governing selection of ideal base, preparation of ointments. Suppositories-suppositories bases, selection of ideal base, preparation of suppositories.

UNIT III

Glandular Products: Introduction, extraction methods and preparation of thyroid, liver, pancreas and pituitary gland.

Surgical dressings: like fibers, fabrics, bandages, surgical ligatures and sutures i.e. catgut and other absorbable and non-absorbable products.

UNIT IV

Immunology: General introduction, infection, factors influencing infection, kinds of immunity, vaccines (i.e. Tetanus vaccine, Diphtheria vaccine, BCG vaccine, small pox vaccine), virus immunity, toxoids, toxins, diagnostic preparation, sera, antitoxins (i.e. Diphtheria antitoxins, Botulinium antitoxins), brief control of immunological products-identification tests, toxicity tests, sterility tests, potency tests and storage of immunological products.

Blood and related products: Whole human blood, concentrated human RBC, dried human plasma, dried human serum, human plasma protein fraction, human fibrinogen, human thrombin, plasma substitute, ideal plasma substitute properties,

35

products i.e. PVP, Dextran, absorbable gelatin, sponge, oxidized cellulose, calcium gluconate.


1. Cooper and Gunn’s, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers. 2. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Mack Publishing Co. 3. B.M. Mithal, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Formulations”, Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan. 4. “British National Formulary”, Great Britain: Published Jointly by British Medical

Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 5. “Pharmacopoiea of India”, Delhi: Published by the Controller of Publications. 6. “British Pharmacopoiea”, Cambridge: Her Majesty Stationary Office, University

Press. 7. “The United States Pharmacopoeia”, Easton, PA: The United States Pharmacopoeial

Convention, Mack Pub Co.

36

Paper Code: BPL-104 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Organic Chemistry I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 3 -- 2 -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: By studying this subject, the students usually understand different organic reactions and their mechanisms. Knowledge about different organic molecules, their use in pharmacy and basic Terms and techniques in organic chemistry are highlighted. UNIT-I Structure and properties: Atomic structure, atomic orbital, molecular orbital, hybridization, sigma & pi bond, covalent, electrovalent & co-ordinate bond, inductive effect, resonance, Classification and Nomenclature of organic compounds. UNIT-II Isomerism, geometric isomerism, stereochemistry including optical activity, stereoisomerism, specification of configuration & conformational analysis, Organometallic Compounds-Grignard reagent organo-lithium compounds, their preparation & synthetic application. UNIT-III Important methods of preparation, reactions with special reference to mechanism of the following classes of compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes & dienes, free radical substitution reaction, alkyl halides, alcohols. UNIT-IV Aromatic compound ,aromatic character, structure of benzene, resonance, orientation of aromatic substitution, arenes ,amines (aliphatic & aromatic), phenols, aryl halides. Aldehydes & ketones (aliphatic & aromatic), carboxylic acids &their derivatives, di & tricarboxylic acids , hydroxy acids. Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks.

37

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. T. R. Morrison and R. Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India

Pvt. Ltd. 2. I. L. Finar, “Organic Chemistry”, (Vol. I and II) London: ELBS/ Longman 3. P. Sykes, “A Guide Book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, New Delhi: Orient

Longman. 4. J. D. Roberts and M. C. Caserio, “Basic Principle of Organic Chemistry”, Inc.: New

York. 5. E. L. Eliel, “Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds”, New York: Macgraw Hill Book

Company, Inc. 6. P. Sykes, “A Guide Book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, New Delhi: Orient

Longman. 7. J. D. Roberts and M. C. Caserio, “Basic Principle of Organic Chemistry”, Inc.: New

York.

38

Paper Code: BPL-106 Pharmacognosy-I (Pharmacognosy-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The study of Pharmacognosy is to give knowledge about crude drugs, their cultivation, evaluation and use etc. Different methods used for extraction and purification of crude drugs from different plant and animal source. The study includes medicinal plants of Pakistan, their habitat, collection and biological source of the drug. Allergens and allergenic preparations, enzymes, plant growth hormones as well as pesticides and poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan shall are also included. UNIT I Introduction:Definition, history, development and scope of Pharmacognosy. Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, pharmacological,

chemical and chemo taxonomical with their merits and demerits. Quality control of crude drugs: Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by

organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical, and biological methods of evaluations.

UNIT II Plant taxonomy: Study of the following families with special reference to medicinally

important plants- Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Labiate, Cruciferae.

Study of pharmaceutical aids like talc, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite, gelatin, and natural colorants.

UNIT III An introduction to active constituents of drugs: Isolation, classification and properties

of active constituents of drugs. Systematic Pharmacognostical study of the following: o Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Guar gum, Gum acacia, Honey, Isabgol,

Pectin, Starch and Tragacanth. o Lipids: Bees wax, Castor oil, Cod liver oil, Linseed oil, Shark liver oil and Wool fat.

UNIT IV Study of drugs containing resins and resin combinations: ColophoNew York,

Podophyllum, Jalap, Cannabis, Capsicum, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Balsam of tolu, Balsam of peru, Benzoin, Turmeric, Ginger.

Volatile oil: General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants, study of volatile oils of Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Lemon peel, Orange peel, Lemon grass, Caraway, Cumin, Dill, Spermint, Clove, Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Cardamom, Valerian, Palmarosa, Gaultheria, Sandal wood.

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Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks.

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions) :

1. C. K. Kokate,A.P. Purohit and S.B. Kokhale, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, Pune: Nirali Publication.

2. G.E.Treese and Evans, W. C., “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, U. K.: Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne.

3. S.S.Handa and V.K.Kapoor, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, New Delhi: C.B.S. Publisher.

4. Mohammad Ali, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distribution.

5. Shah and Quadry, “Pharmacognosy” ,Ahmedabad: B. S. Shah Prakashan. 6. A. Fahn, “Plant Anatomy”, Oxford: Pergamon Press. 7. E.C.G.Clarke, “Isolation and Identification of Drugs”, London: the Pharmaceutical

Press. 8. Jean Brunton, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Medicinal

Plants”, England, U.K.: Intercept Limited.

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Paper Code: BPL-108 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Physical Chemistry) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 3 -- 2 -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The aim is to learn about various Physico-Chemical factors involved with the three states of matter. UNIT I

Behavior of Gas: Kinetic Theory of Gas, deviation from ideal behavior & Explanation.

Liquid State: Physical properties (Surface tension, parachor, viscosity, rheochor, refractive index, optical rotation, dipole moment.)

Amorphous and Crystalline solids: Geometry of crystals, miller indices, types of crystals, physical properties of crystals, crystal diffraction.

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals- First, Second, Third and Zeroth law, joule Thomson effect, absolute temperature scale.

UNIT II

Thermo Chemistry: Definition and convention –heat of reaction, heat of formation, heat of neutralization, heat of solution, heat of combustion, Hess’s law of constant summation, Bombs calorimeter, and energy Kirchoff’s law.

Electro Chemistry: Faraday’s law of electrolysis, Electrolytic conductance,& its measurement, its variation with dilutions, Kolrausch law, Arrhenius theory, Degree of ionization, Ostwald dilution law, transport no., migration of ions, Hittorfs theoretical device, Theory of strong electrolyte (DebyeHuckle theory)

UNIT III

Solution: Ideal & real solution, Solution of gases in liquids, Colligative properties. PH: Its determination, buffer, theory of buffers. Adsorption: Freudlich and Gibbs adsorption isotherm theory, Langmuir theory of

adsorption.

UNIT IV

Chemical Kinetics: Zero, first and second order reaction, complex reaction, elementary idea of reaction, kinetic characteristics, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid base and enzyme catalysis.

Phase Equilibrium: Phase , component, degree of freedom, phase rule, (excluding deviation, cooling curves, phase diagram for one & two component system involving eutectics, congruent, incongruent melting point (examples- water , sulphur, KI-H2O, NaCl-H2O system), Distribution law & application to solvent extraction.

41


1. Bahl and Tuli, “Physical Chemistry”, New Delhi: S. Chand & Co. 2. W.S. Brey, “Physical Chemistry and its Biological Applications”, New York:

Academic Press. 3. K.J. Laidler, “Physical Chemistry with Biological Applications”, Benzman: Academic

Press. 4. V. R. Williams and H. S. Williams, “Basic Physical Chemistry for Life Sciences”,

San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 5. J. A. Kitckener, “Findly’s Physical Chemistry”, (Ed.), London: Green and Company. 6. Jenkin’s, “Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, New York: Mcgraw Hill Book Company.

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Paper Code: BPP-110 PHARMACEUTICS-II Practical (General Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of practicals based on theory portion, preparations of some of them may as follows:

Peppermint water, cinnamon water, camphor water, chloroform water, concentrated peppermint water, concentrated cinnamon water.

Simple syrup, syrup of ginger, syrup of orange, syrup of tolu, compound syrup of ferrous sulphate, spirit of peppermint, spirit of chloroform, spirit of ether.

Strong solution of ammonium acetate, surgical solution of chlorinated soda, solution of cresol with soap, solution of ferric chloride, strong solution of iodine, solution of hydrogen peroxide, tannic acid glycerin, boric acid glycerin, mouth washes, nasal drops, ear drops, elixirs, mucilage of acacia, mucilage of tragacanth

Tincture of orange, capsicum tincture, strong tincture of ginger, tincture of lemon, tincture of tolu, tincture of nuxvomica.

liquid extract of liquorice, liquid extract of ipecacuanha, liquid extract of belladona, liquid extract of senna, concentrated infusion of clove, concentrated infusion of quassia, concentrated infusion of senna, liver extract.


1. Cooper and Gunn’s, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers. 2. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Mack Publishing Co. 3. B.M. Mithal, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Formulations”, Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan. 4. “British National Formulary”, Great Britain: Published Jointly by British Medical

Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 5. “Pharmacopoiea of India”, Delhi: Published by the Controller of Publications. 6. “British Pharmacopoiea”, Cambridge: Her Majesty Stationary Office, University

Press. 7. “The United States Pharmacopoeia”, Easton, PA: The United States Pharmacopoeial

Convention, Mack Pub Co. 8. Gaud & Gupta, “Practical Pharmaceutics”, New Delhi: CBS Publisher.

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Paper Code: BPP-112 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Practical (Organic Chemistry I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Introduction of various laboratory techniques including : o Calibration of thermometer o Determination of melting point o Determination of boiling point o Determination of mixed melting point. o Distillation o Crystallization

Identification of organic compounds and their derivatization. The student should be introduced to the various laboratory techniques through

demonstrations involving synthesis of selected organic compounds (e.g. Picric Acid, Acetanilide, Dibenzal acetone, Benzylidine aniline & Iodoform)

Introduction to the use of stereomodels to study : o R and S configuration of enantiomers. o E and Z configuration of geometric isomers.


1. F. C. Mann, and B. C. Saunders, “Practical Organic Chemistry”, London: The English Language Book Society and Longman group Ltd.

2. B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith and A.R. Tatchell, “Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry”, Singapore: Pearson Education Limited.

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Paper Code: BPP-114 PHARMACOGNOSY-I Practical (PHARMACOGNOSY-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Morphological characteristics of plant families mentioned in theory. Microscopic measurements of cells and cell contents and determination of leaf

constants. Morphological and microscopical study of crude drugs mentioned in theory. Chemical examination for the identification of crude drugs mentioned in theory.


1. E.C.G.Clarke, “Isolation and Identification of Drugs”, London: the Pharmaceutical Press.

2. Jean Brunton, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants”, England, U.K.: Intercept Limited.

3. G. Malti Chauhan and A.P.G. Pillai , “Microscopic profile of powdered drugs used in Indian systems of medicine, volume 1, Leaf drugs,” Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

4. G. Malti Chauhan and A.P.G. Pillai , “Microscopic profile of powdered drugs used in Indian systems of medicine”, volume 2, bark drugs, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

5. W. C. Evans, Trease and Evans, “Pharmacognosy , W. B. Saunders Limited. 6. G. E. Trease, “A Textbook of Pharmacognosy”, London: Bailliere Tindall.

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Paper Code: BPP-116 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III Practical (Physical Chemistry) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Determination of Surface tension, Viscosity, Rheochor, Optical rotation, Dipole moment.

Determination of molar mass by Rast method. Determination of refractive index of given liquids and find out the contribution of

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in molar refraction of a compound. Determination of molar mass of volatile liquids by Victor-Meyer method. Determination of the specific rotation of sucrose at various concentrations and

determination of the intrinsic rotation. Determination of the heat of solution, heat of hydration and heat of neutralization. Determination of the cell constant, verify Ostwald dilution law. Determination of rate constant of simple reaction. Determination of pH& study the influence of pH on degradation of a drug. Study of the solubility of binary system of phenol and water at different temperatures

and concentrations. Study of influence of a third component on the UCT of phenol-water binary system. Study of ternary phase system using given solvent combinations.


1. S. R. Pali and S. K.D.E. Prabartak, “Practical Physical Chemistry”, Calcutta: Haltone Ltd. 2. Jenkin’s, “Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, New York: Mcgraw Hill Book Company. 3. Yadav, “Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry”, Delhi: Goel Publications. 4. R.C. Dass and B. Behere, “Experimental Physical Chemistry”, London: Tata McGraw- Hill. 5. V.V. Nadkarnay, A. N. Kothore, Y. V. Lawande, “Practical Physical Chemistry”, Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 6. J.A. Kitchener, “Findlay's Physical Chemistry”, London: Longmans, Green and Co.

46

Paper Code: BPL-201 Pharmaceutics-III (Pharmaceutical Engineering-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: This subject deals with the various techniques involved in development, commercialization and manufacturing of components within the pharmaceuticals industry.

UNIT I

Flow of fluids: Introduction, mechanism of fluid flow, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli's theorem, manometers and friction losses in pipes, measurement of flow rate using direct weighing or measuring, hydrodynamic methods, displacement meters and dilution methods. Regulation of flow using plug cocks, globe valves, gate valves, unidirectional valves, automatic regulating valve, butterfly valve and diaphragm valve, and water hammer.

Refrigeration: Principle and equipment employed for vapor compression refrigeration, lithium bromide absorption refrigeration and steam jet refrigeration. Applications of refrigeration in Pharmacy.

UNIT II

Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer, Fourier's law, overall heat transfer coefficient, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law, single pass heater, multi pass heater, liquid-liquid heat interchanger and finned tubes.

Drying: Theory, behavior of solids during drying, static bed dryers, moving bed dryers, fluidized bed dryer and pneumatic bed dryers.

UNIT III

Size reduction: Mechanism, factors influencing, energy requirements, applications in pharmacy, grinders i.e. fluid energy mill, hammer mill, ball mill and its variants, centrifugal mill, attrition mill, edge runner mill, colloid mill, squirrel cage disintegrator, Buhrstone mill.

Centrifugation: theory, industrial centrifugal filters and industrial centrifugal sedimenters.

Filtration: Theory, filter aids, filter media, industrial filters i.e. sand filter, washing and non-washing type filter presses, rotary drum filter, leaf filters, edge filter.

UNIT IV

Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation, natural circulation evaporators e.g. evaporating pan, evaporating still, horizontal and vertical tube evaporators, forced

circulation evaporators, film evaporators, multiple effect evaporation, material and energy balance of evaporators.

Humidification, dehumidification and air conditioning: Principles of Humidification, dehumidification and air conditioning, psychrometry, humidity

47

measurement, large-scale equipment for humidification and dehumidification, cooling towers.


1. “Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics”, New York: ELBS Bacilliere Tindall. 2. W. L. Badger and J T Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, London:

McGraw Hill International Book Co. 3. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co. 4. Leon Lachman, H A Liberman and J L Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 5. W. L. MaCabe and J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London:

McGraw Hill International Book Co 6. R. H. Perry and C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers Handbook”, London: McGraw

Hill and Co. 7. Cooper and Gunns, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.

48

Paper Code: BPL 203 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV (Pharmaceutical Analysis-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Analysis of Pharmaceuticals play a very important role in industry as it relies upon both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used meets Pharmacopoeial specifications and also ensures a quality of finished product in Terms of proportion of components. UNIT I

Introduction: Significance of quantitative analysis in quality control, different techniques of analysis, significant figures, rules for retaining significant digits, types of errors, mean deviation and standard deviation, precision and accuracy, fundamentals of volumetric analysis: law of mass action, activity and activity coefficient, pH, buffers, method of expressing concentration, primary and secondary standards.

Neutralization Titrations: Acid base concepts, strength of acids and bases, hydrolysis of salts, ionic product of water, neutralization curves, neutralization indicators, theory of indicators, choice of indicators, mixed indicators. Analysis of boric acid, mixture of sodium carbonate and bicarbonate.

UNIT II

Non-aqueous Titrations: Theory of non-aqueous titrations, titration of alkali metal salts of organic acids, titration of amines and amine salts of organic acids, titration of halogen acid salts of bases and titration of acidic substances.

Oxidation Reduction Titrations: Concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, strength and equivalent weights of oxidizing and reducing agents. Theory of redox titrations, General principles of potassium permanganate titrations, potassium dichromate titrations potassium iodate titrations, potassium bromate titrations, cerric sulphate titrations and iodometric titrations. Analysis of ferrous sulphate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium bromide, ascorbic acid, sodium thiosulphate, copper sulphate, phenol, sodium sulphite.

UNIT III

Precipitations Titrations: Precipitation reactions, common ion effect, solubility product, effects of acids, temperature and solvent upon the solubility of a precipitate. Determination of end points in precipitation titrations by Mohr’s method, Volhards method and Fajans method.

Gravimetry: Introduction, precipitation methods, the colloidal state, supersaturation, co-precipitation, post-precipitation, conditions of precipitation, precipitation from homogeneous solution, precipitation reagents, washing and ignition of the precipitate. Determination of nickel as dimethylglyoximate and aluminium as 8-hydroxyquinolate.

49

UNIT IV

Complexometric Titrations: Complex ions, complexation, stability of complexes, factors influencing the stability of complexes, Warner’s co-ordination number, complexones, titration curves, types of EDTA titrations, titrations of mixtures including use of masking and demasking agents, metal ion indicators. Analysis of magnesium and calcium.

Miscellaneous methods of analysis: Diazotization titration, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, Karl Fischer titration, determination of alcohol in liquid galenicals, oxygen flask combustion.



2. I. M. Kolthoff and V. A. Stenger, “Volumetric Analysis, Vol. II Titration Methods”, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc.

3. K. A. Connors, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis”, New York: Wiley Interscience.

4. Skoog, Hollar and Nieman, “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, Philadelphia: Harcourt College Publishers.

5. T. Higchi, “Pharmaceutical Analysis”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers. 6. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I andII”,

London: The Athlon Press of the University of London.

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Paper Code: BPL-205 Pharmacognosy-II (Pharmacognosy-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The study of Pharmacognosy is to give knowledge about crude drugs, their cultivation, evaluation and use etc. Different methods used for extraction and purification of crude drugs from different plant and animal source. The study includes medicinal plants of Pakistan, their habitat, collection and biological source of the drug. Allergens and allergenic preparations, enzymes, plant growth hormones as well as pesticides and poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan shall are also included. Separation and isolation of plant constituents by special techniques like chromatography, ion exchange, electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is introduced. Detailed study of carbohydrates and related products, alkaloids, volatile oils, fixed oils, tannins, glycosides, etc., is included. The students know the Unani system of medicine, phyto-pharmacology, Traditional Medicine and Alternative System of Medicine. UNIT I

Phytochemical screening: (a) Preparation of extracts. (b) Screening tests for alkaloids, glycosides, resins, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in plant extracts.

Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial verities, chemical constituents, substituents, adulterants, diagnostic microscopic and macroscopic features and specific chemical tests of following group of Glycosides containing drugs: Saponins: Liquorice, Ginseng, Dioscorea and Senega. Cardio-active sterols: Digitalis, Squill, strophanthus and Thevetia. Anthraquinones : Aloe, Senna, Rhubarb and Cascara.

UNIT II

Study of Tannins and tannin containing drugs: Study of Tannins and tannin containing drugs like gambir, black catechu, gall and myrobalan.

Studies of traditional drugs, common vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief constituents, pharmacology, categories and common uses and marketed formulations of following indigenous drugs: Amla, Shatavari, Aamarg, Gokhru, Shankhpushpi, Gaduchi, Brahmi, Arjuna, Methi, Lehsun, Guggal, Gymnema and Neem.

Holistic concepts of Drugs administration in traditional systems of medicine. Introduction to Ayurvedic preparations like Arishtas, Asavas, Gutikas, Tailas,

Churnas, Lehas and Bhasmas. UNIT III Systematic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following alkaloid containing drugs:

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Pyridine-piperidine: tobacco, areca and lobelia. Tropane: belladonna, hyoscymous, datura and withania. Quinoline and isoquinoline : Cinchona, ipecac, opium. Indole: ergot, rauwolfia, catharanthus and physostigma. Imidazoles: pilocarpus. Steroidal: vertrum, kurchi. Alkaloidal amines: ephedra and colchicum. Glycoalkaloids: solanum. Purines: Coffee, tea and cola.

UNIT IV

Biological sources, preparation, identification test and uses of the following enzymes: Diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin and pancreatin..

Introduction and study of plant bitters and sweeteners. Plant based pesticides and insecticides.


1. S.S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Herbal Drug Technology”, New Delhi: University Press. 2. S.S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Clinically Useful Herbal Drugs”, New Delhi: Ahuja Publishers. 3. C.K. Kokate , A.P. Purohit and S.B. Kokhale , “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, Pune: Nirali Publication. 4. G.E. Trease and W.C. Evans, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, U. K: Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne. 5. V.C. Tyler, L.R. Brady and J.E. Robers, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, 8th Ed. , Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. 6. T.E. Wallis, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, London: J. and A Churchill limited. 7. A. Fahn , “Plant Anatomy”, Oxford : Pergamon Press. 8. Jean Brunton, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, England, U.K.: Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants, Intercept Limited.

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Paper Code: BPL-207 Pharmaceutics-IV (Forensic Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: Study of this subject enables the students to become aware about the regulatory control of manufacturing and sale of drugs. The students are able to know about the laws and procedures regarding Registration and sale of drugs, establishment of retail, wholesale and distribution set ups. Knowledge of Rules and legislation about controlled, poisonous and dangerous drugs is also provided. UNIT I

A brief review of evolution of Pharmaceutical legislation in India.

Pharmacy Act, 1948.

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and rules there under.

UNIT II

AICTE Act, 1987.

Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties Act), 1955.

Shops and Establishments Act of the state.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 and Rules 1975.

UNIT III

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and rules.

Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act, 1954.

DPCO, 1995.

UNIT IV

Pharmaceutical Ethics

Patents Act, 1970 and rules.

Minimum Wages Act, 1948 and rules.

Poisons Act, 1919.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animal Act 1960.

The teaching of all the above acts should cover the latest amendments.

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Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions) : 1. B. M. Mithal, “Text Book of Forensic Pharmacy”, Calcutta: National Bank Centre. 2. N. K. Jain, “Text Book of Forensic Pharmacy”, Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan. 3. Original Acts published on behalf of Government of India. 4. H. K. Bharati, “Drug and Pharmacy Laws in India”, Indore: Sadhana Mandir.

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Paper Code: BPL-209 Environmental Studies (Environmental Studies) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 00 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: Paper Objectives is to become familiar with the Natural Resources, Ecosystems, Biodiversity and its Conservation, Environmental Pollution, Environment Protection Act etc. UNIT I

The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, scope and importance. Need for public awareness

Natural Resources: Renewable and non- renewable resources. Natural resources and associated problems, (a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people. (b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems. (c) Mineral resources: Use and over-exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. (d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and over-grazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. (e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non- renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, case studies. (f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation man induced land slides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources foe sustainable life styles.

UNIT II

Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem. Producers, consumers and decomposers. Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession. Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem: Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystem (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Biodiversity and its Conservation: Introduction-Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Biogeographically classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, national and local levels. India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT III

Environmental Pollution: Definition. Causes, effects and measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution,

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nuclear hazards, Solid waste management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies. Disaster management: floods, earthquakes, cyclone and landslides.

Human Population and Environment: Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion-Family Welfare Programme. Environment and human health. Human rights. Value education.HIV/AIDS. Women and Child Welfare. Pole of Information Technology in Environment and human health.

UNIT IV

Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy. Water conservation, rain water harvesting, water shed management. Resettlement and rehabilitation of people: its problems and concerns. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case studies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products.

Environment Protection Act: Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.

Field Work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets-river, forest grassland/hill/mountain. Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/ rural/ Industrial/ Agricultural. Study of common plants, insects and birds. Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes etc.


1. Y. Anjaneyulu, “Introduction to Environmental Science”, Hyderabad: BS Publications.

2. H. Kaur, “Environmental Studies”, Meerut: Pragati Prakashan. 3. R.W. Andrew, Jackson & M. Julie, “Environmental Science – The Natural 4. Environment and Human Impact”, England: Addison Wesley Longman 5. S.C. Santra,“Environmental Science”, Kolkata: New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. 6. Richard T.Wright,“Environmental Chemistry”, South Asia: Pearson Education Inc. 7. B.K. Sharma, “Environmental Chemistry”, Meerut: Goel Publ. House. 8. K.D. Wanger,“Environmental Management”,Philadelphia,USA: W.B.Saunders Co.

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Paper Code: ENG-201 Communication Skills in English L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 2 -- --- Total Marks:50 External Marks: 25 Internal Marks: 25 Paper Objective: Paper objective is to improve the language proficiency of science graduates as skill oriented. The main objectives are:

To enable the learners to be able to communicate in real life contexts using video and audio teaching material.

Enabling the learners to become communicatively competent by using listening, speaking, writing and reading.

Introducing the learners to non verbal communication strategies. To prepare the learners for successfully clearing the international examinations of

proficiency in English like IELTS, BEC, and TOEFL etc.

UNIT-I: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION – I

Business English as a genre Importance of effective communication in business context Face to face communication with customers and visitors Basic skills for talking to people in transactional situations Booking hotel accommodation Making small talk and telling stories

UNIT-II: ENGLISH GRAMMER

Need for grammar Parts of speech Articles Tenses Subject-verb Concord Common Errors

UNIT-III: BASIC PHONETICS

Sounds of English Word Stress Intonation

UNIT-IV: EFFECTIVE LISTENING

What is listening?

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Types of listening Strategies for effective listening

NOTE:

Semester will carry 50 marks with equal weightage ( 25 each ) to Theory & Practical assessment.

Theory Assessment will be done by the University’s Controller of Examinations by conducting a theory paper of 25 marks in each semester (External Marks).

Practical Assessment will be done by the Learning Resource Centre by conducting Listening & Speaking tests of 25 marks in each semester (Internal Marks).

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Paper Code: BPP-211 Pharmaceutics-III Practical (Pharmaceutical Engineering-I)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Experiments based on different unit operations studied in theory such as: Flow of fluids, Refrigeration, Heat Transfer Humidification, dehumidification and air conditioning Evaporation, Filtration, Centrifugation, Drying, Size reduction etc. including some exercises on Pharmaceutical Engineering Drawing like:

Introduction: Significance of Engineering Drawing in Pharmaceutical Industry, drawing instruments and their uses, lines, lettering and dimensioning.

Scales: Construction of plain scales, vernier scale, diagonal scale, comparative scale and isometric scale

Isometric projections: Theory, isometric views and projections, construction of isometric projections/views of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

Orthographic projections: Theory, types, and construction of drawing in both first angle and third angle. Various methods of sectioning i.e. full section, half section, removed section, partial section, and offset section.

Drawing of machine parts and simple pharmaceutical equipment Methods of depicting layouts of various sections of a pharmaceutical unit.

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. N. D. Bhatt, “Machine Drawing”, Gujarat: Charotar Publishing House. 2. N. D. Bhatt, “Engineering Drawing”, Gujarat: Charotar Publishing House. 3. French and Vierck, “A Manual of Engineering Drawing for Students and Draftsman”,

New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 4. Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer, “Technical Drawing”, New York: Macmillan

Publishing Company. 5. W. L. Badger and J T Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, London:

McGraw Hill International Book Co. 6. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co. 7. Leon Lachman, H A Liberman and J L Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial

Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 8. W. L. MaCabe and J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London:

McGraw Hill International Book Co 9. R. H. Perry and C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers Handbook”, London: McGraw

Hill and Co.

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Paper Code: BPP-213 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IV Practical (Pharmaceutical Analysis-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

The students should be introduced to the main analytical tools through demonstrations. They should have a clear understanding of a typical analytical balance, the requirements of a good balance, weights, care and use of balance, methods of weighing and errors in weighing. The students should also be acquainted with the general apparatus required in various analytical procedures. Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus. Acid Base Titrations : Preparation and standardization of acids and bases; some

exercises related with determination of acids and bases separately or in mixture form, some official assay procedures e.g. boric acid should also be covered.

Oxidation Reduction Tltrations: Preparation and standardization of some redox titrants e.g. potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, iodine, sodium thiosulphate, etc. Some exercises related to determination of oxidizing and reducing agents in the sample shall be covered. Exercises involving potassium iodate, potassium bromate, iodine solution, titanous chloride, and ceric ammonium sulphate.

Precipitation titrations: Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate and, ammonium thiocyanate, Titrations according to Mohr's, Volhard's and Fajan's methods.

Gravimetric Analysis: Some exercises related to gravimetric analysis should be covered.

Non aqueous Titrations: Preparation and standardization of perchloric acid and sodium/potassium/lithium methoxides solutions; Estimations of some pharmacopoeial products.

Complexometric Titrations: Preparations and standardization of EDT A solution, some exercises related to pharmacopoeial assays by complexometric titrations.



2. I. M. Kolthoff and V. A. Stenger, “Volumetric Analysis, Vol. II Titration Methods”, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc.

3. Skoog, Hollar and Nieman, “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, Philadelphia: Harcourt College Publishers.

4. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I and II”, London: The Athlon Press of the University of London.

5. L. G. Chatten, “Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, New York: Marcel Dekker.

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Paper Code: BPP-215 PHARMACOGNOSY-II Practical (Pharmacognosy-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows: Identification of crude drugs mentioned in theory, Microscopic studies of selected crude drugs & General chemical tests for the different classes of drugs. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. V.E. Tyler, L.R. Brady & J.E. Robbers, “Pharmacognosy”, Bombay: K.M. Varghese Company. 2. Egon Stahl, “Thin-Layer Chromatography”, New York: Springer Verlag. 3. E.J. Shellard, “Quantitative Paper and Thin Layer Chromatography”, New York: Academic Press. 4. C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapur, “Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants”, India: CSIR. 5. H. Wagner, S. Bladt, E.M. Zgainski, “Plant Drug Analysis”, New York: Springer- Verlag.

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Paper Code: BPL-202 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V (Pharmaceutical Biochemistry) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Students are taught those areas of biochemistry which are important for the understanding of metabolic disorders relevant to common disturbances of body functions, gene structure and functions. General introduction and basic biochemistry of proteins, carbohydrates, bioenergetics, lipids, etc., including biochemistry of enzymes and metabolic fate of nitrogen is also taught. The syllabus also includes replication and expression of genetic information. Metabolic basis of biochemistry in relation to human metabolism, digestion and intestinal absorption are also taught. UNIT I

Introduction: Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane.The concept of free energy, determination of change in free energy - from equilibrium constant and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of A TP and its biological significance.

Enzymes: Nomenclature, enzyme kinetics and its mechanism of action, mechanism of inhibition, enzymes and iso-enzymes in clinical diagnosis, immobilization of enzymes. Co-enzymes: Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance. Metals as co-enzymes and their significance.

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Conversion of polysaccharide to glucose-I-phosphate, Glycolysis and fermentation and their regulation, Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, Metabolism of galactose and galactosemia, Role of sugar nucleotides in biosynthesis, and Pentosephosphate pathway.

UNIT II

The Citric Acid Cycle: Significance, reactions and energetic of the cycle, Amphibolic role of the cycle, and Glyoxalic acid cycle.

Lipids Metabolism: Oxidation of fatty acids, oxidation & energetic, β-oxidation, Biosynthesis of ketone bodies and their utilization. Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Control of lipid metabolism, Essential fatty acids & eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes), phospholipids, and sphingolipids.

Biological Oxidation : Redox-potential, enzymes and co-enzymes involved in oxidation reduction & its control, The respiratory chain, its role in energy capture and its control, Energetics of oxidative phosphorylation, Inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

UNIT III

Nitrogen & Sulphur Cycle: Nitrogen fixation. ammonia assimilation, nitrification and nitrate assimilation, Sulphate activation. sulphate reduction. Incorporation of sulphur in organic compounds, Release of sulphur from organic compounds.

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Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen Containing Monomers: Nitrogen balance. Biosynthesis of amino acids. Catabolism of amino acids. Conversion of amino acids to specialized products, Assimilation of ammonia. Urea. cycle, metabolic disorders of urea cycle. Metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids. Porphyrin biosynthesis. formation of bile pigments. hyperbilirubinemia. Purine biosynthesis. Purine nucleotide interconversion. Pyrimidine biosynthesis. and Formation of deoxyribounucleotides.

UNIT IV

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Brief introduction of genetic organization of the mammalian genome, alteration and rearrangements of genetic material, Biosynthesis of DNA and its replication. Mutation. Physical & chemical mutagenesis / carcinogenesis. DNA repair mechanism. Biosynthesis of RNA.

Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis: Genetic code. Components of protein synthesis. and Inhibition of protein synthesis. Brief account of genetic engineering and polymerase chain reactions.

Regulation of gene expression. Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. “Harper’s Review of Biochemistry”, California: Lange Medical Publications. 2. A. L. Lehninger, “Principles of Biochemistry”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers. 3. L. Stryer, “An Introduction to Biochemsitry”, San Francisco: Freeman and Company. 4. B. Harrow and A. Mazur, “Textbook of Biochemistry”, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders

Company 5. E. E. Conn and P. K. Stumpf, “Outlines of Biochemistry”, New York: Jone Wiley &

Sons.

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Paper Code: BPL-204 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Organic Chemistry-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: The area of application of Organic Chemistry is vast and includes Pharmaceuticals. The objective of the paper is to review and study fundamentals of Organic Chemistry in identifying and synthesizing organic compounds essentially employed as drugs and pharmaceuticals. By studying this subject, the students usually understand different organic reactions and their mechanisms. Knowledge about different organic molecules, their use in pharmacy and basic Terms and techniques in organic chemistry are highlighted. UNIT I: Heterocyclic compounds:

Study of fundamentals of heterocyclic compounds, nomenclature, method of synthesis and important chemical reactions of the following: Five membered Heterocycles: Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole, Thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, Pyrazole. Six membered Heterocycles: Pyridine, pyridazine, Pyrimidine, Pyrazine, Pyrones. Benz-fused Heterocycles: Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Indole.

UNIT II

Carbohydrates: An account of the chemistry of Arabonose, Ribose, mannose, Glucose, fructose, Sucrose, Lactose, Cellulose, starch, Glycogen and dextrans, Structure elucidation of glucose, sucrose, starch.

Lipids: Study of chemistry of fixed oils, fats and waxes.

UNIT III

Proteins and Amino Acids: Isolation and general methods of synthesis of amino acids and physico-chemical properties. General classification of proteins and end group analysis.

Structural features of DNA and RNA.

UNIT IV

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Electrocyclic, Cycloaddition andsigmatropic reactions. Neighbouring group effects. Catalysis by transition metal complexes. Stereoselective and stereospecific reactions.

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1. I. L. Finar, “Organic Chemistry” (Vol. I and II), London: ELBS/ Longman. 2. R. N. Acheson, “An Introduction to Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds”, New

Delhi: Interscience Publications. 3. P. Sykes, “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, New Delhi: Orient

Longman. 4. J. D. Roberts and M. C. Caserio, “Basic Principle of Organic Chemistry”, New York:

W.A. Benjamin Inc. 5. Jerry March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanism and Structure New

Chemistry”, U.S.A: Carrier publications.

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Paper Code: BPL-206 Pharmaceutics-V (Pharmaceutical Microbiology) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Students are taught the principles of Microbiology with special reference to Pharmaceutical Microbiology including environmental Microbiology and other relevant aspects. The modern concepts of microbiological application are taught to students. The staining of slides and preparation of culture media, etc., including microbiological assays of pharmaceuticals is also taught. Sensitivity test and other necessary pharmaceutical tests are also included. The students are trained about sterilization, disinfection and fermentation with reference to their use and application in the pharmaceutical industry. Knowledge of immune system is also imparted. UNIT I

Introduction to the science of microbiology: ancient theories concerning the origin of life, contribution of great scientists to this science, with particular reference to the contributions of the following scientists: A.V. Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, Alexander Fleming, Joseph Lister.

Microscopy: Microscopes, their magnification, resolution, illumination and filters, working of different types of microscopes, micrometry.

UNIT II

Classification of microbes and their taxonomy. Bacteria, fungi and viruses: Nutrition, cultivation, isolation and identification. Bacterial enzymes – classification, nomenclature, production by fermentation,

extraction methods, immobilization techniques and applications of bacterial enzymes in general and detailed account of following bacterial enzymes: alpha amylase (diastase) and proteases.

UNIT III

Disinfection: factors affecting disinfection, dynamics of disinfection, disinfectants and antiseptics and their evaluation.

Sterilization: Different methods, applications and evaluation of sterilization methods, aseptic technique.

UNIT IV

Microbial standardization: Microbial standardization of antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin), Vitamins (Vitamin B-12, Niacin) and calcium pentothenate.

Fermentation: Types of media used; factors affecting, control of various parameters during fermentation. A detailed account of the industrial fermentation process for manufacture of penicillin, streptomycin, glutamic acid; Lysine, citric acid, Vit.B12.

66

Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. L. E. Casida, “Industrial Microbiology”, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. 2. Pelczar, Chan and Krieg, “Microbiology”, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Company Ltd. 3. R.Y. Stanier, Ingrham, Wheelis and Painter, “General Microbiology”, London:

Macmillan Press Ltd. 4. Hugo and Russel, “Pharmaceutical Microbiology”, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Publications. 5. G. Sykes, “Disinfection and Sterilization”, England: Pitman Press. 6. Davis, Dulbetco, Eisen, “Microbiology”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers. 7. Benzamin Lewin, Gene V, “Microbiology”, New York: Jones and Barlett Publishers. 8. Prescott and Dunn, “Industrial Microbiology”, New York: Mcgraw Hill Book

Company Inc. 9. Peppler, “Microbiology Technology” (Vol.I & II), New York: Mcgraw Hill Book

Company Inc.

67

Paper Code: BPL-208 Computer Sciences (Computer Sciences) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Knowledge of FUNDAMENTALS & WINDOWS is essential for anyone working in the computer field. This paper is designed to meet the needs of beginners who wish to communicate with computers via windows. This paper gives the beginners a good understanding of windows & ms-office, which are now days the most important tools for the computer users. The students are required to learn basic introduction of computer with reference to their application in pharmacy. UNIT I

Introduction: Importance of computers, history of computers (generations), types of computers, classification of computers, components of a computer, applications of computers including Pharmaceutical applications, hardware description, Languages like assembly, machine, and common high-level languages, computer viruses.

Introduction to Internet: Concepts of Internet, WWW, Gopher, e-mail and applications of Internet.

UNIT II

Programming in BASIC: Introduction to BASIC, flowcharting, BASIC statements, constants and variables, expressions in BASIC, print control, jumping and looping, subscripted variables, functioning and subroutines, histogram and graphs, programme design, file management in BASIC and computer graphics.

UNIT III

Introduction to operating system with a special emphasis on Windows. MS-Word- Introduction to Word processing, Introduction to MS word, Editing,

formatting,, previewing and printing a document, advanced features of MS word (Find and replace, grammar and spelling, auto correct, word count, mail merge, table and charts.

UNIT IV

MS- excel- Worksheet basics, creating, formatting, previewing and printing a worksheet, graphs and charts, working with formulas and cell referencing, database creation, sorting, database functions (Mathematical and trigonometrical, statistical and logical functions).

MS-PowerPoint- Features and various versions, creating presentations, working with different views and menus of PowerPoint, editing and formatting a text, working with slides, printing a presentation, inserting objects, slide sorter and animation effects.

68


1. E. Balaguruswamy , “Programming in ANSI”, New Delhi: Tata Mac Graw Hill. 2. S. Thakur Praveen , “Computers in Pharmacy”, New Delhi: Birla Publication PVT

Ltd. 3. P. K. Sinha , “Computer Fundamentals”, New Delhi: BPB Publications. 4. V.K. Jain ,“Basic Computer Programming”, New Delhi: Pusthak Mahal Publications. 5. Gottfried S. Byron , “Schaum’s Outline series: Programme With Basic”, New York:

Mcgraw-Hill, INC 6. R.P.Soni, Harshal Arolkar and Sonal Jain, “Working with personal computer

software”, New Delhi: Books India Publications. 7. Ed. Bott. & Woddy Leohad, “MS – Office”, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.

69

Paper Code: BPL-210 Pharmaceutical Mathematics and Statistics (Pharmaceutical Mathematics and Statistics)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Mathematics is the language of science. The study of mathematics is important as all the equations used in pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-dynamics are in the mathematical forms and studies of such results are in logarithmic and integration forms. UNIT I

Matrices and Determinants: Definition of matrix, types of matrices, arithmetic operations on matrices, determinants and its expansion, important properties of determinants, solutions of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s rule.

Differentiation: Concepts of functions, limits and differentiation; differentiation of standard functions (without using first principle), including function of a function (chain rule), differentiation of implicit functions, logarithmic differentiation, parametric differentiation, elements of successive differentiation.

UNIT II

Integration: Integration as inverse of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, integration- by parts and substitution methods, formal evaluation of definite integrals.

Differential equations: definition, formation and solution of ordinary differential equations of first order and first degree (variable separable technique only).

Laplace transforms: definition, properties of linearity and shifting, transforms of elementary function (without proof) and inverse Laplace transforms not involving Euler’s theorem.

UNIT III

Measures of central tendency and dispersion: Requisites of an ideal measure, arithmetic mean, median, mode, range, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficients of variation.

Linear correlation: Bi-variant data scatter diagrams, correlation, types of correlation, Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s methods, coefficients of correlation and its important properties (without proof).

Linear regression: Regression, method of least squares, lines of regression, regression coefficients and their important properties (without proof).

UNIT IV

Probability: Events, classical and statistical definitions of probabilities, addition and multiplication laws of probability, conditional probability, Bayer’s theorem (statement only) and its applications.

70

Standard probability distribution: Definitions, important properties (without proof) and applications of binomial, Poisson and normal distribution/ normal curves. Central limit theorem (statement only).

Statistical inference: Concepts of parameter, statistic, sampling distribution, standard error, hypothesis, type-I and type-II errors; testing of hypothesis, t- test (paired and unpaired), Z-test(for means only).

Note: Emphasis on Pharmaceutical applications, wherever possible, of the above-mentioned concepts and results (without proof). Note: Instruction for Examiner: The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. A. M. Goon,M. K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta , “Basic Statistics”, Kolkata: World Press. 2. S. P. Gupta , “Statistical Methods”, New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons. 3. Dinodoia, J and Chugh, “Elements of Pharmaceutical Mathematics” (Vol.I and

Vol.II), New Delhi: Jeevonsons Publications. 4. G. D. Dhall , S.N. Chhibbar , H.O. Trivedi and S. Chandra , “Frank Mathematics for

B.Pharma”, New Delhi: Frank Bros. & Co. Ltd. 5. Bradley and Smith, “Calculus”, New Jersey USA: Prentice Hall. 6. W. Hungerford Thomas , “Algebra” ,New York: Springer. 7. A.M. Mood , F.A. Graybill ,D.C. Boes , “Introduction of the Theory of Statistics”,

New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw Hill. 8. P.L. Meyer, “Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications”, New Delhi:

Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd. 9. N. Piskunov , “Differtial and Integral Calculus”, Vol-II, Noida: G K Publishers Pvt.

Ltd. 10. S. T.Rizvi, “Algebra and its Applications”, New Delhi: Narosa Book Distributors Pvt.

Ltd.

71

Paper Code: BPP-212 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-V Practical (Pharmaceutical Biochemistry) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows: Quantitative reactions for carbohydrates, color reactions of proteins and amino acids, estimations of blood-cholesterol, blood sugar (glucose) blood-urea and blood-creatinine, Quantitative estimation of glucose and uric acid in urine, Quantitative analysis of sugar, ketone bodies, bile salts, bile pigments, albumin, creatinine in clinical urine samples.


1. J. Jayaraman, “Laboratory Manual in Biochemsitry”, Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd. 2. D. T. Plumer, “An Introduction to Practical Biochemstry”, New Delhi: Tata Mcgraw

Hill. 3. S.K. Sawhney, “Introductory to Practical Biochemistry”, New Delhi: Narosa

Publications. 4. E. E. Conn and P. K. Stumpf, “Outlines of Biochemistry”, New York: Jone Wiley &

Sons.

72

Paper Code: BPP-214 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI Practical (Organic Chemistry-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows:

Analysis of different organic binary mixtures. Preparation of some pharmaceutically important organic compounds having

heterocyclic moiety mentioned in the theory syllabus. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. A. I. Vogel, “A Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry”, London: The English Language Book Society and Longman group Ltd.

2. R. N. Acheson, “An Introduction to Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds”, New Delhi: Interscience Publications.

3. P. Sykes, “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, New Delhi: Orient Longman.

4. F. C. Mann, and B. C. Saunders, “Practical organic Chemistry”, London: The English Language Book Society and Longman group Ltd.

5. Brian Furnis and Antony Hannaford, “Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, Singapore: ELBS Publication. 6. K. S. Jain, P. B. Miniyar & T. S. Chitre, “Experimental Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry”, U.S.A: Carrier publications.

73

Paper Code: BPP-216 Pharmaceutics-V Practical (Pharmaceutical Microbiology) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows: Preparation of various types of culture media, sub culturing of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungus and yeast, various staining methods, various methods of isolation and identification of microbes, sterilization techniques and their validation, evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants, testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products as per I.P. requirements, microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamins, etc. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. Hugo and Russel, “Pharmaceutical Microbiology”, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

2. G. Sykes, “Disinfection and Sterilization”, England: Pitman Press. 3. Prescott and Dunn, “Industrial Microbiology”, New York: Mcgraw Hill Book

Company Inc. 4. K. R. Aneja , “Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology & Biotehnology”, New

Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd.

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Paper Code: BPP-218 Computer Sciences Practical (Computer Sciences) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory including

Computer operating systems like Unix, MS DOS, etc. Simple programming in BASIC Study of soft-ware packages like WORD-STAR, LOTUS-123 etc.


1. E. Balaguruswamy , “Programming in ANSI”, New Delhi: Tata Mac Graw Hill. 2. V.K. Jain, “Basic Computer Programming”, New Delhi: Pusthak Mahal Publications. 3. Gottfried S. Byron , “Schaum’s Outline series: Programme With Basic”, New York:

Mcgraw-Hill, INC 4. R.P.Soni, Harshal Arolkar and Sonal Jain, “Working with personal computer

software”, New Delhi: Books India Publications. 5. R. K. Taxali, “P.C. Software for Windows 98 made simple”, New Delhi: Tata

Mcgraw Hill Publications.

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Paper Code: BPL-301 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VII (Pharmaceutical Analysis-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Study of this subject gives knowledge about different techniques used for the estimation of drugs. Students are given the basic knowledge regarding the components of these techniques. It includes the study of column, thin layer, gas-liquid chromatography, HPLC and GC-MS, potentiometry, polarography, radiochemical techniques and differential scanning colorimetry. UNIT I

Electrochemistry: The electric cell, electrode potential, half cells, types of half cells, sign convention, Nernst equation, the salt bridge, activity series, standard potential, standard hydrogen electrode, measuring the relative voltage of half cells, calculations of standard potential, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes.

Potentiometry: Theoretical considerations, ion-selective electrodes, measurement of potential, location of end point equipment, analytical application, direct measurement of a metal concentration, differential curve, determination of ksp, pH measurement dead-stop titrations; pH meter, pH definition, relation to pH to potential, equipment and applications.

Conductometry: Conductometric titrations and their applications. UNIT II

Polarography and its applications: theory of mass transport processes, current processes, current potential relationship, polarization, choice of electrodes, effect of oxygen, instrumentation, calculation of concentration, laboratory design and safety.

Amperometric tirations and its applications. Coulometry: Coulometric titrations, its principles and applications, controlled

potential coulometry, cell design, instrumentation, advantages and limitations, and electrode selection.

Extraction: Extraction procedure, separation of drug from Excipients, liquid-liquid extraction, separation of mixtures by extraction, distribution law, successive extraction, the Craig method of multiple extraction, continuous counter-current extraction, effect of temperature, pH, inert solute, association, ion-pair formation, the emulsion problem in extraction.

UNIT III

Fundamentals of Chromatography: Introduction and theory of underlying different types of chromatography techniques like- Column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, paper and circular chromatography, adsorbents and solvents used in these techniques.

TLC: TLC in quantitative estimation.

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Ion exchange and molecular sieve processes: Theory of ion exchange, types of exchangers, ion-exchange equilibria, ion-exchange capacity, ion-exchange separation, applications in pharmaceutical analysis, molecular sieve separation and application.

UNIT IV

Gas chromatography: Introduction, principles of gas chromatography, basic GLC apparatus, sample introduction, column, column efficiency, solid support, liquid phases, branches of gas chromatography, detectors, temperature effect, application of GLC in pharmaceutical analysis.

HPLC: Introduction and nomenclature, instrumentation, liquid solid chromatography, liquid liquid chromatography, exclusion chromatography, HPLC columns, solvent selection in HPLC, data handling in HPLC, application of HPLC.

Note: Instruction for Examiner:

The Semester examination in each theory subject shall be of 50 marks. The examiner will set nine questions. Student will attempt five questions. First question would be of short answer type question covering all four Units (2.5 Marks per Unit) & it would be compulsory. Two questions will be set from each unit & out of which candidate will attempt one question. Each Question shall be of 10 marks.

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. A. I. Vogel “Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis”, London: ELBS/

Longman. 2. M. Kolthoff and V. A. Stenger, “Volumetric Analysis, Vol. II Titration

Methods”, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 3. K. A. Connors, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis”, New York: Wiley

Interscience. 4. P. D. Sethi , “HPLC”,New Delhi: CBS Publishers. 5. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I and

II”, London: The Athlon Press of the University of London.

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Paper Code: BPL-303 Pharmaceutics-VI (Pharmaceutical Engineering- II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: By studying this subject, the students are able to understand that how different dosage forms at large scale are manufactured. This subject also deals with the various techniques that involved in development, commercialization and manufacturing of components within the pharmaceuticals industry. UNIT I

Distillation: Raoult's law, volatility, boiling point diagrams, azeotropic mixtures, equilibrium diagrams, types of distillation, rectification, rectifying columns, downcomers, material and energy balance of a rectifying column, reflux ratio, determination of number of theory plates, H.E.T.P. and steam distillation.

Extraction: Factors affecting, equipment for extraction of solids i.e. fixed bed diffusion battery, continuous diffusion battery, basket extractor, Rotocel extractor and Dorr agitator; equipment for liquid-liquid extraction i.e. extraction towers and Podbielniak extractor.

UNIT II

Mixing: Definition, objectives, mechanism, uniformity index, factors influencing selection of suitable mixer. Study of equipment employed for solid-solid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid mixing. Emulsification equipment.

Size separation: Screening equipment i.e. trammels, rotex and hummer; air suspension methods i.e. air separator and cyclone separators; hydraulic separation i.e. elutriation and double cone emulsifier.

UNIT III

Crystallization: Crystal forms, habit, Mier's super saturation theory, crystallizers based on super saturation, by cooling (i.e. tank crystallizers, agitated batch crystallizers and Swenson-Walker), adiabatic cooling (i.e. vacuum crystallizers) and evaporation (i.e. Krystal crystallizers). Material and energy balance of crystallizer.

Transportation of materials: Liquids: Pumps i.e. airlift, ejector, piston plunger, egg, diaphragm, gear, screw, centrifugal and self-priming.

Gases: Ejectors, compressors, fans and blowers. Solids: InTermittent and continuous methods in vertical, horizontal and inclined plane

UNIT IV

Corrosion and its prevention: Types of corrosion, causes of corrosion and method for combating corrosion.

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Materials for pharmaceutical plant construction: Factors affecting the selection of a material for pharmaceutical plant, ferrous metals (i.e. cast iron, steel and stainless steels), nonferrous metals (i.e. Copper and its alloys, aluminum, tin sliver, nickel and alloys), nonmetals i.e. glass, slate, asbestos, rubber, plastics and timber.

Industrial hazards and safety precautions: Mechanical-chemical-electrical-fire-dust hazards, safety requirements, accident records etc.



Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. Cooper and Gunns, “Tutorial Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers. 2. H. A. Liberman and J L Kanig, Leon Lachman, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 3. Bentley, “Textbook of Pharmaceutics”, ELBS Bacilliere Tindall. 4. W. L. Badger and J T Banchero, “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, London: McGraw Hill International Book Co. 5. W. L. MaCabe and J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London: McGraw Hill International Book Co.

6. R. H. Perry and C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers Handbook”, London: McGraw Hill and Co.

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Paper Code: BPL-305 Pharmaceutics-VII (Physical Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: This subject gives main emphasis on various physical phenomena that exist behind the formulation of different dosage forms.

UNIT I

Micromeretics and Powder Rheology: Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, method of determining particle volume, optical microscopy, sieving, sedimentation, measurement, particle shape, specific surface, methods of determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness and flow properties.

Matter- State and selected properties: State of matter, change in the state of matter, latent heats and vapour pressure, sublimation-critical point, eutectic mixtures, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy state, solid-crystalline and amorphous polymorphism.

UNIT II

Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions, surface free energy measurement of surface and interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB classification, solubilization, detergency, electric properties of interface.

Viscosity and Rheology: Newtonian systems, laws of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatent, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling ball, rotational viscometers.

UNIT III

Dispersion system: Colloidal dispersions: Definition, types, properties of colloids, protective colloids, applications of colloid in pharmacy.

Suspensions and Emulsions: Interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions, theory of sedimentation, effect of Brownian movement, sedimentation of flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters, wetting of particles, controlled flocculation, flocculation in structured vehicles, rheological considerations, emulsions; types, theories and physical stability.

Complexation: Classification of complexes, method of preparation and analysis, application.

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UNIT IV

Kinetics and drug stability: General considerations & concepts, half life determination, influence of temperature, light, solvent, catalytic species and other factors, accelerated stability study, expiration dating.

Buffers: Buffer equation and buffer capacity in general, buffer in pharmaceutical systems- buffered isotonic solutions, measurement of tonicity calculations, methods of adjusting isotonicity.



Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. A. N. Martin, “Physical Pharmacy”, Mumbai: K M Varghese& Co. 2. Remington, “Pharmaceutical Sciences”, P.A.: Mack Publishing Co. 3. E. Shotton & K. Ridgway, “Physical Pharmaceutics”, London: Oxford University

Press. 4. H.A. Liberman and J L Kanig, Leon Lachman, “The Theory and Practice of

Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 5. H.C. Ansel, “Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms”, Mumbai: K M

Varghese& Co.

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Paper Code: BPL-307 Pharmacology-II (Pathophysiology of Common Diseases) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: The teaching of Pharmacology is aimed at different aspects of drugs and pharmaceuticals used in different diseases. The therapeutic/pharmacological group of drugs is taught according to the classification of World Health Organization. The students are able to know the relationship between drug concentration and biological response, drug action overtime, factors affecting absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism and elimination of chemicals, structure activity relationship, biological changes that result from repeated drug use, tolerance, addiction and adverse effects. Process of drug interaction with cellular macromolecules to alter physiological function and site of action including knowledge about proper selection of drugs is also covered.

UNIT I

Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation: Causes of Cellular injury, pathogenesis, and morphology of cell injury. Intercellular alterations in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, Cellular adaptation, atrophy, hypertrophy.

Basic Mechanisms involved in the process of inflammation and repair: Alterations in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBCs, acute and chronic inflammation, mediators of inflammation, brief outline of the process of repair.

UNIT II

Pathophysiology of following Common Diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, psychosis, depression, mania, hypertension, angina, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes.

Wherever applicable the molecular basis should be discussed.

UNIT III

Pathophysiology of following Common Diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Peptic ulcer, asthma, ulcerative colitis, various types of Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic renal failure.


UNIT IV

Pathophysiology of following Common Diseases:Tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, anemia, iatrogenic diseases, and common types of neoplasm.


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1. B.G. Katzung , “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Prentice Hall International

2. Davidson’s, “Principles and Practice of Medicine”, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone

3. Goodman and Gilman’s, “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, New York: Pregman Press.

4. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, Chapman and Hall. 5. H. P. Rang and M M Dale, “Pharmacology”, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone. 6. Harsh Mohan, “Textbook of Pathology”, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 7. E. T. Herfindal and J L Hirschman, “Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics”, Baltimore: Williams and Willkins Co. 8. Edward C. Klatt Edward C., M. D. Klatt Vinay & M. D. Kumar, “Robbins Review of Pathology”, U. K.: W.B. Saunders Company. 9. J. L. Dipiro, “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach”, United Kingdom: Elsevier.

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Paper Code: ENG-301 Communication Skills in English L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 2 -- -- Total Marks:50 External Marks: 25 Internal Marks: 25 Paper Objective: Paper objective is to improve the language proficiency of science graduates as skill oriented. The main objectives are:

To enable the learners to be able to communicate in real life contexts using video and audio teaching material.

Enabling the learners to become communicatively competent by using listening, speaking, writing and reading.

Introducing the learners to non verbal communication strategies. To prepare the learners for successfully clearing the international examinations of

proficiency in English like IELTS, BEC, and TOEFL etc.

UNIT-I: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION – II

Agreeing and disagreeing Presentations Intraorganizational communication Handling complaint calls Handling after sales problems Tele interviews Non-Verbal communication

UNIT-II: WRITING

Minutes of meetings Standard business letters Drafting emails Short reports Technical writing Preparing resumes and covering letters

UNIT-III: TEAM SKILLS

Taking part in business meetings Preparing agenda for meetings Making notes of business conversations Debates and discussions Soft skills for team building

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UNIT-IV: READING

What is reading? Types of reading Strategies for effective reading

NOTE: Semester will carry 50 marks with equal weightage ( 25 each ) to Theory &

Practical assessment.Theory Assessment will be done by the Controller of Examinations by conducting a theory paper of 25 marks (External Marks). Practical Assessment will be done by the Learning Resource Centre by conducting Listening & Speaking tests of 25 marks (Internal Marks).

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Paper Code: FFA-100 Communicative French-1A

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 03 3 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: Paper Objective is to develop the following language skills:

Listening: Enabling the learners to listen and understand the spoken French language which uses the elementary spoken structures. Speaking: Enabling the learners to speak and engage in simple dialogues in French. Reading and textual comprehension: Enabling learners to read and understand the simple elementary short texts in French. Writing: Enabling learners to use simple grammatical structures and the most essential lexique in French. Exposing the learners to the culture of France. Contents

a. Phonetics: i. Sound ii. Intonation b. Grammatical Components: I i. Nouns and Articles: Gender and number ii. Pronouns iii. Adjectives iv. Negation v. Numbers, Days of the week, Months of the year, Time, Date etc. II Simple conversation Simple paragraph writing

Evaluation: There shall be one written Examination at the end of the semester. The evaluation consists of two aspects, namely continuous evaluation and semester Examination. Minimum percentage for both the evaluation is 50%. Total mark for final paper is 100 and the ratio of continuous evaluation and semester examination is 50:50.

Continuous evaluation includes: General Performance (Active classroom participation, Attendance etc.): 10 Marks Home assignments: 20 Marks Internal Tests: 20 Marks Semester Examination contains: 50 Marks

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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. Le Nouveau Sans Frontières – I, CLE International 2. Panorama – I, CLE International 3. Connexions – I, Didier 4. Café Crème – I, Didier 5. Campus – I, CLE International Note: Audit paper in French offered by Department of Foreign Languages, BPSMV is a non credit paper where the credits of the paper shall not be considered for calculation of SGPA (semester Grade point Average)/ CGPA (cumulative Grade Point average) of a particular semester result whereas the credits and Grade of the audit paper shall be mentioned in the DMC (detailed Mark Certificate) of a student, in a semester in which she has appeared for the same.

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Paper Code: LAW- 001 Legal Literacy L -- T -- P Audit Paper 3 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: Have a brief knowledge of laws of India and an understanding of the formal dispute redressal mechanism that exist in India. UNIT I

Law relating to Hindu Marriage- conditions of valid marriage, Prohibited degrees, ground of divorce, Rights of wife.

Dowry- definition, outlines of law relating to dowry. Sexual Harassment of Women- guidelines by Supreme Court in Vishaka and others

V. State of Rajasthan and others. Consumer Protection Act, 2000- meaning of consumer, Rights of consumer,

Remedies available in the Act, Consumer Forums. UNIT II

Fundamental Rights of Citizens- meaning, types & enforcement of fundamental rights.

Rights in relation to police- rights in relation to arrest, bail, search & seizure and rights of Women against police.

Right to Information- meaning, how we can ask for information, which information can be denied, remedies for not furnishing the information.

Lokayukt- object, Function, powers and duties. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009- Object, Scope and

main features. UNIT III

Property Rights- Women’s property rights, right of inheritance, stridhan. Human Rights- what is human rights, international conventions on human rights. Right to Maintenance- maintenance under Hindu law. Under Section 125 of Criminal

Procedure code. Object and scope of Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, Third party Insurance, No fault

liability, Motor Vehicle Claim Tribunals, Procedure of Obtaining Driving License.

UNIT IV

Environment and Pollution- The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986- What is environment, Outlines of different Indian Laws on Environment.

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Labour Laws- Object and scope of Workmen Compensation Act, Trade Union Act, Payment of Wages Act, Minimum Wages Act, Equal Remuneration Act, Maternity Benefit Act.

Trafficking in Human Beings- Human trafficking and sexual exploitation, United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking, Forced Labor and Human Trafficking,

Note: Instruction for External Examiner: The paper will be divided in four units. Each unit must have two questions and the examinee is required to attempt one question from each unit & four questions at all. All questions carry equal marks.

Instruction for Internal Examiner: The internal assessment marks will be distributed as follows:

1. Attendance 5 marks. 2. Two assignment of 5 marks each 10 marks 3. Mid term examination 20 marks 4. Article writing & presentation 15 marks

Total Marks 50 Marks

Suggested Readings:-

Towards Legal Literacy: An Introduction to Law in India, Kamala Sankaran & Ujjwal Kumar Singh ISBN: 9780195692228

Creating Legal Awareness, edited by Kamala Sankaran and Ujjwal Singh (Delhi: OUP, 2007)

Multiple Action Research Group, Our Laws Vols 1-10, Delhi. Available in Hindi also. S.P. Sathe, Towards gender Justice, Research Center for Women’s Studies, SND

Women’s University, Bombay, 1993. Indian Social Institute, New Delhi, Legal Literacy Series Booklets. Available in Hindi

also.

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Paper Code: BPP-309 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VII Practical (Pharmaceutical Analysis-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows:

Quantitative determinations of official drugs and pharmaceuticals by different methods discussed in theory.

Chromatography experiments by different methods to know the homogeneity of substances and separation of drugs.

Determination of alcohol and moisture content in the pharmaceutical preparations and crude drugs.


1. M. Kolthoff and V. A. Stenger, “Volumetric Analysis, Vol. II Titration Methods”, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. 2. P. D. Sethi , “HPLC”,New Delhi: CBS Publishers. 3. A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry” Vol. I and II,The Athlon Press of the University of London. 4. E. Stahl “Thin Layer Chromatography, A Laboratory Handbook”, New York:

Springer- Verlag. 5. “Indian Pharmacopoeia”, Delhi: Govt. of India, Ministry of Health.

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Paper Code: BPP-311 Pharmaceutics-VI Practical (Pharmaceutical Engineering- II)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them covering different unit operations studied in theory such as: distillation, extraction, mixing, size separation, size reduction, crystallization etc. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. W. L. MaCabe and J C Smith, “Unit operations of Chemical Engineering”, London:

McGraw Hill International Book Co. 2. R. H. Perry and C H Chilton, “Chemical Engineers Handbook”, London: McGraw Hill and Co. 3. V. S. Subhramanyam, “Laboratory Manual of Pharmaceutical Engineering”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.

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Paper Code: BPP-313 Pharmaceutics-VII Practical (Physical Pharmacy) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows: Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity. Study of flow properties of powders, effects of particle size and lubricants, Surface tension - determination of CMC, Solubility: solvent and co solvent effect, ternary phase diagram, water number etc. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. Remington, “Pharmaceutical Sciences”, P.A.: Mack Publishing Co.

2. E. Shotton & K. Ridgway, “Physical Pharmaceutics”, London: Oxford University Press. 3. Gaud & Gupta, “Practical Physical Pharmacy”, Delhi: CBS Publishers. 4. V. S. Subhramanyam, “Laboratory manual of Physical Pharmacy”, Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan.

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Paper Code: BPL-302 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VIII (Medicinal Chemistry-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives:

Objective of this subject is to understand the Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry & modern approaches for drug designing. Paper also covers synthetic procedures, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties of some classes of drugs.

UNIT I

Basic Principles of Medicinal Chemistry: Physico-chemical aspects (Optical, geometric and bio-isosterism) of drug molecules and biological action, Drug-receptor interaction including transduction mechanisms.

Principles of Drug Design (Theoretical Aspects): Traditional analog (QSAR) and mechanism based approaches (Introduction of graph theory, applications of quantum mechanics, Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) and molecular modeling.

UNIT II

Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties of the drugs acting at Synaptic and neuro-effector junction sites:

Cholinergics and Anticholinesterases. Adrenergic drugs. Antispasmodic and anti ulcer drugs. Neuromuscular blocking agents.

UNIT III

Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including physicochemical properties of the following classes of drugs:

Antihistamines. Eicosanoids. Analgesic-antipyretics, anti-inflammatory (non-steroidal) agents. Drugs affecting uterine motility: Oxytocics (including oxytocin, ergot alkaloids and

prostaglandins). Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.

UNIT IV

Synthetic procedures of following selected drugs: Adrenaline, Phenylephrine, Edorphonium Chloride, Dicyclomine, Neostigmine bromide, Cyclopentolate HCl,

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Propanthaline bromide, Benzhexol, Omeprazole, Pentoprazole, Rabeprazole, Ranitidine, Roxatidine, Diphenhydramine, Chlorpheneramine, Promethazine, Mepyramine, Cyclizine, Sodium chromoglycollate, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Indomehtacin, Phenazone, Phenyllbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Tenoxicam, Celecoxib, Valdecoxib,Allopurinol, Probenecid.




1. Wilson and Gisvold’s, “Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Philadelphia: J. Lippincot Co.

2. W. O. Foye, “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry”, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. 3. C. Hansch, “Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry”, Pregman Press Oxford. 4. Y. C. Martin, “Quantitative Drug Design”, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 5. Exploring QSAR

Vol. I- C. Hansch and A. Leo.,“Fundamentals and Applications in Chemistry and Biology”, Washington: American Chemical Society.

Vol.II- C. Hansch, A. Leo and D. Hockman, “Hydrophobic, Electronic and Steric Constants”, Washington: ACS Books Catalog.

6. M. E. Wolff, “Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry”, New York: John Wiley & Sons. 7. T. Nogardy, “Medicinal Chemistry – A Biochemical Approach”, New York, Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

94

Paper Code: BPL-304 Pharmaceutics-VIII (Dosage Form Design) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The objective of the paper is to instill skills among students for designing various dosage forms. Design of dosage form is important in achieving predictable therapeutic response to a drug included in a drug delivery system, which is subjected to large-scale manufacture. The reproducibility of a product should not differ with its quality and efficacy. The study encompasses formulation aspects with variety of additives available in context with release of a drug from the drug delivery system. UNIT I

Preformulation studies: Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size, shape, density, wetting dielectric constant, solubility, dissolution and organoleptic properties and their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability.

Study of chemical properties of drugs: Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemisation, polymerization etc. and their influence on formulation and stability of products.

UNIT II

Study of prodrugs: Study of prodrugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and elegancy of formulation.

Radiopharmaceuticals: Fundamentals of radio pharmacy, therapeutic applications of isotopes, diagnostic applications of isotopes, use of radioisotopes in basic research, product development, product production, process control and quality control.

UNIT III

Liquid formulations: Formulation and industrial production of liquid and semi-solid formulation like suspension, syrup, emulsions and ointments.

Skin: Structure and physiology, physiology of sweating, physiology of skin secretions formulations, preparations for skin of face and hands, formulation, preparation and evaluation of cleansing creams, cold creams, cleansing lotions, foundation creams, moisturizing creams, skin tonics, handy and body lotion.

UNIT IV

Hairs: Structure and functions, formulation, preparation and evaluation of shampoos, dandruff preparation, hair creams, and fixers, hair colorants, hair remover (depilatories), shaving sticks and after shave lotion.

Lipsticks: Formulation, preparation and evaluation of lipsticks. Formulation, preparation and evaluation of other cosmetics like nail lacquers, anti-

perspirants and deodorants, tooth powders and tooth paste.

95




1. H.C. Ansel, “Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems”, Mumbai: K M Varghese& Co.

2. Remingtons , “Practice of Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 3. Shah, “SOP”, New Delhi: Business Horizons. 4. Banker and Rhodes, “Modern Pharmaceutics”, New York: Marcel Dekker 5. Swarbrick, “Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology”, New York : M. Dekker 6. “Pharmacopoeia of India”, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health. 7. Leon Lachman, H. A. Liberman and J. L. Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of

Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 8. K.A. Connores, G.L. Amiden and V.J.Stella, “Chemical stability of Pharmaceuticals”,

New York: Wiley & Sons. 9. A. Owunwonne, “Hand Book of Radiopharmaceuticals”, New Delhi: Narosa

Publishing House. 10. H. S. Bean, A. H. Beckett and J. E. Carless, “Advance in Pharmaceutical Sciences”,

London: Academic Press. 11. Sanju Nanda, Arun Nanda and Roop K. Khar, “Cosmetic Technology”, Delhi: Birla

Publications Pvt. Ltd.

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Paper Code: BPL-306 Pharmacognosy-III (Chemistry of Herbal Drugs) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The Objective of the paper is to study medicinally important plants & marine drugs scientifically along with chemistry & biosynthesis of different phytoconstituents obtained from crude drugs. The paper also envisages the biotechnological techniques for obtaining and improving the quality of natural products.” UNIT I

General techniques: General techniques of biosynthetic studies and basic metabolic pathways. An introduction to biogenesis of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical importance.

Study of chemical and spectral approaches: Study of chemical and spectral approaches to simple molecules of natural origin.

Concept of stereoisomerism: Concept of stereoisomerism taking examples of natural products.

UNIT II

Terpenes: Biogenesis of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Chemistry of at least two medicinally important terpenoids from each class.

Irridoids: Chemistry of medicinal important irridoids. UNIT III

Carotenoids: Carotenoids beta-carotenoids, alpha-carotenes, vitamin A, xanthophylls

of medicinal importance. Steroids and cardiac glycosides: Utilization of plants as a source of raw material for

the production of steroids, biosynthesis and chemistry of diosgenin, sarasapogenin, digitoxin and digoxin.

UNIT IV

Alkaloids: Chemistry and biogenesis of atropine and related compounds, quinine, reserpine, morphine, papaverine, ephedrine, ergot and vinca-alkaloids.

Chemistry of antibiotics: Penicillins, streptomycin and tetracyclines.



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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. S. S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Herbal Drug Technology”, New Delhi: University

Press 2. S. S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Clinically Useful Herbal Drugs”, New Delhi: Ahuja

Publishers. 3. C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Kokhale., “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, Pune:

Nirali Publication. 4. G. E. Trease and W. C Evans, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, U. K.: Bailliere

Tindall. 5. V. C. Tyler, L. R.Brady and J.E. Robers, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”,

Philadelphia: 8th Ed. Lea and Febiger. 6. T.E. Wallis, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, London: Churchill limited. 7. A. Fahn, “Plant Anatomy”, Oxford : Pergamon Press. 8. Jean Brunton, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, England, U.K: Phytochemistry and

Medicinal Plants, Intercept Limited. 9. L. Finar, “Organic Chemistry” (Vol. I and II), London: ELBS/ Longman. 10. Gurdeep R Chatwal, “Organic Chemistry of Natural Products” (Vol. I and II), Bombay:

Himalya Publication House. 11. O. P. Agarwal, “Organic Chemistry of Natural Products” (Vol. I and II), U. P.: Goel

Publication House.

98

Paper Code: BPL-308 Pharmacology-III (Pharmacology-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The teaching of Pharmacology is aimed at different aspects of drugs and pharmaceuticals used in different diseases. The therapeutic/pharmacological group of drugs is taught according to the classification of World Health Organization. The students are able to know the relationship between drug concentration and biological response, drug action overtime, factors affecting absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism and elimination of chemicals, structure activity relationship, biological changes that result from repeated drug use, tolerance, addiction and adverse effects. Process of drug interaction with cellular macromolecules to alter physiological function and site of action including knowledge about proper selection of drugs is also covered. UNIT I

General Pharmacology: Introduction to Pharmacology, Sources of drugs, Dosage forms and routes of administration, mechanism of action, Combined effect of drugs, Factors modifying Drug action, tolerance and dependence, Pharmacogenetics.

Principles of Basic and Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Adverse Drug Reactions and treatment of poisoning, ADME drug interactions, Bioassay of Drugs and Biological Standardization, Discovery and development of new drugs.

UNIT II: Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System:

Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic and Somatic). Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, Adrenergic

Receptor and neuron blocking agents, Ganglionic, stimulants and blocking agents. Neuromuscular blocking Agents.

UNIT III: Autocoids:

Histamine, 5- HT and their antagonists. Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes. Pentagastrin, Cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin and Substance P. Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-gout drugs.

UNIT IV: Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System:

Anti-asthmatic drugs. Anti-tussives and expectorants. Respiratory stimulants.

99




1. H. P. Rang and M M Dale, “Pharmacology”, New York: Churchill Livingstone. 2. F. S. K. Berar, “Textbook of Experimental Pharmacology”, New Delhi: Interprint. 3. Goodman and Gilman’s, “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, New York: Pregman Press. 4. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, New York: Chapman and Hall. 5. B. G. Katzung, “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, New York: Prentice Hall International.

100

Paper Code: BPL-310 Pharmaceutics-IX (Pharmaceutical Management) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives:

Pharmaceutical management enables the students to learn about different principles of management and marketing. This prepares the students as how to manage different tasks, planning of objectives, how to manage long Term and short Term targets in industry, marketing and retail set-ups, strategies to accomplish different goals and management of different tasks within a specified period of time.

UNIT I

Principles of Management (Co-ordination, Communication, Motivation, decision making, Leadership, innovation, Creativity, Delegation of Authority/Responsibility, Record Keeping., Managerial qualities. Identification of key points to give maximum thrust for development and perfection.

UNIT II

Accountancy: Principles of Accountancy, Ledger posting and book entries. Economics: Principles of economics with special reference to the laws of demand

and supply.

UNIT III

Pharmaceutical Marketing: Functions; buying, selling, transportation, storage, finance, feedback information, channels of distribution, wholesale, retail, departmental store, multiple shop.

Salesmanship: Principles of sale promotion, advertising, ethics of sales.

UNIT IV

Management: The concept, scope, functions and principles of management, Management and administration, Evolution of management.

Human Resource Management: A brief exposure of human resource management - HR planning, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisal, positive attitude.



101


1. G. W. Plossl and O W Wight, “Production and Inventory Control, Principles and Techniques”, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

2. Banerjee, “Principle and Practice of Management”, New Delhi: Oxford and I B H Publishing Company.

3. Rustam S. Pavel, “Salesmanship and Publicity”, Mumbai: Progressive Corporation Pvt. Ltd.

4. S.P. Ganguly, “Principles and Practice of Management”, Calcutta: Chatterjee Publishing Concern.

5. K. S. menon, “Purchasing and Inventory Control”, Allahabad: Wheeler Publishing. 6. C.B. Gupta, “Principles and Practice of Management”, New Delhi: National

publishing House.

102

Paper Code: BPP-312 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VIII Practical (Medicinal Chemistry-I) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted like

Synthesis of some important medicinal compounds involving at least two steps in their synthesis.



2. F.G. Mann and B.C. Saunders, “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Hyderabad: Orient Longman Limited.

3. T. Nogardy, “Medicinal Chemistry – A Biochemical Approach”, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

4. “Pharmacopoeia of India”, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health.

103

Paper Code: BPP-314 Pharmaceutics-VIII Practical (Dosage Form Design) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows: Preformulation studies, Synthesis and characterization of some Prodrugs, Formulation, preparation, packing, labeling and evaluation of the following class of dosage forms using laboratory scale equipments: Syrups (including dry syrups), Suspensions, Emulsions and Topical Preparations, Preparation and evaluation of (a) Cold cream (b) Vanishing cream (c) Sunscreen cream (d) Hair creams (e) Shampoos (f) Shaving cream (g) Tooth powder (h) Tooth paste (i) Mouth wash (j) Lipsticks etc. as per BIS or other methods and other experiments illustrative of the portion covered in the theory portion of the syllabus.


1. H.C. Ansel, “Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems”, Mumbai: K M Varghese& Co.

2. “Pharmacopoeia of India”, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health. 3. K.A. Connores, G.L. Amiden and V.J.Stella, “Chemical stability of Pharmaceuticals”,

New York: Wiley & Sons. 4. Sanju Nanda, Arun Nanda and Roop K. Khar, “Cosmetic Technology”, Delhi: Birla

Publications Pvt. Ltd.

104

Paper Code: BPP-316 Pharmacognosy-III Practical (Chemistry of Herbal Drugs) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted including Laboratory experiments on isolation, separation, purification of various groups of chemical constituents of pharmaceutical significance. Exercises on paper and thin layer chromatographic evaluations of herbal drug constituents.

Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. T. E. Wallis, “Practical Pharmacognosy”, London: Churchill limited. 2. K. R. Brain and T. D. Turner, “The Practical Evaluation of Phyto Pharmaceutical”,

Bristol: Scientechnica Publications. 3. V. E. Jr. Tyler & A.E. Schwarting, “Experimental Pharmacognosy”, Minneapolis:

Burgess Pub. Co.

105

Paper Code: BPP-318 Pharmacology-III Practical (Pharmacology-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted, some of them may as follows (As per regulatory bodies guidelines Animals Experiments should be replaced with experiments through Software):

To study the experimental animal & basic equipments (for isolated tissues) used in experimental pharmacology.

To prepare & submit the various Physiological Salt Solution (PSS). To study various standard solution used in pharmacology. To study various agonist and antagonist used in pharmacology. To study the various route of drug administration in experimental pharmacology. To study the standard methods for scarifying & making animal unconscious & the

standard techniques for injection of drugs. To record a Dose Response Curve (DRC) or Concentration Response Curve (CRC) of

acetylcholine/ histamine using rat ileum preparation (Demonstration through Software).

To obtain a graded dose response curve of histamine & determine the concentration same in solution (Unknown Concentration) using matching type bio-assay.


1. “Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations”, Livingstone: Edinburg University Pharmacology Staff. 2. S.K. Kulkarni, “Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology”, Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan. 3. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, New York: Chapman and Hall.

4. B. G. Katzung, “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, New York: Prentice Hall International. 5. M. N. Ghosh, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, Calcutta: Scientific Book Agency.

6. Goyal ,”Practical in Pharmacology”, Ahmedabad: B S Shah Publications. 7. Ghose, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, New Delhi: Amit Book Company.

106

Paper Code: BPL-401 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IX (Medicinal Chemistry-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Study of this subject covers the theory of drug action, stereochemistry and drug action, alkaloids and relation of structure and biological activity of organic medicinal agents. Protein and steroidal hormones, antibiotics, and synthetic drugs of different pharmacological activity are also included.

Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship including Physico-Chemical properties of the following classes of drugs:

UNIT I

Steroids and related drugs: Steroidal nomenclature and stereochemistry, androgens and anabolic agents, estrogens, and progestational agents, adrenocorticoids.

UNIT II

General Anesthetics Local Anesthetics Hypnotics and Sedatives Opioid analgesics Antitussives Anticonvulsants Antiparkinsonism drugs CNS stimulants Psychopharmacological agents (neuroleptics, antidepressants, anxiolytics).

UNIT III

Diuretics Cardiovascular drugs Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet drugs.

Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed.

UNIT IV

Synthetic procedures of following selected drugs: Procaine, Benzocaine, Lignocaine, Cinchocaine, Thiopentone, Phenobarbitone, Hexobarbitone, Diazepam, Mehtaqualone, PheNew Yorktoin, Troxidone, Pethidine, N-methylmorphine, Chlorpromazine, Trifluoperazine, Amitryptiline, Nikethamide, Cholesterol, Dihydroepiandrosterone, Oestradiol, Diethylstilbosterol, Progesterone, Cortisone acetate, Stigmasterol, Norethisterone, Testosterone, Triamcinolone, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Chlorthiazide, Hydrochlorthiazie, Spironolactone, Triametrene,

107

Nifedipine, Procainamide, Verapamil, Propranolol, Methyldopa, Clonidine, Guanethidine, Hydrallazine, Phentolamine, Clofibrate, Warfarin, Phenindione.




1. Wilson and Gisvold’s, “Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Philadelphia: J. Lippincot Co.

2. W. O. Foye, “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry”, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. 3. C. Hansch, “Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry”, Pregman Press Oxford. 4. Y. C. Martin, “Quantitative Drug Design”, New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 5. M. E. Wolff, “Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry”, New York: John Wiley & Sons. 6. T. Nogardy, “Medicinal Chemistry – A Biochemical Approach”, New York, Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

108

Paper Code: BPL-403 Pharmaceutics –X (Pharmaceutical Technology) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives:

The students learn the techniques and methods of formulation development especially with reference to advanced formulation techniques, novel drug delivery systems, introduction of pharmaceutical bio-technology and role of pharmacist in the development of different useful biotechnological products.

UNIT I

Tablets: Types of tablets, formulation of tablets, various granulation techniques including slugging, chilsonator, extruder and granulator. Tableting machinery for production of single layer, multilayer and compression coated tablets. Physics of tablet compression, strain gauge.

Tablet coating: Sugar coating, film coating and compression coating, coating processes i.e. air suspension coating and pan coating (using conventional, rear vented and perforated pans). Quality control of tablets. Process validation.

UNIT II

Capsules: Advantages, applications, formulation, large scale production and quality control of hard and soft capsules.

Microencapsulation: Terminology, advantages and applications. Study of various processes employed for microencapsulation i.e. coacervation phase separation, multiorifice centrifuge, electrostatic deposition, vacuum deposition, spray drying, spray congealing, polymerization, complex emulsion, air suspension technique and pan coating.

UNIT III

Aerosols: Definitions, advantages and applications, liquified-gas system, compressed gas system, propellants, containers, valves, cold-filling process, pressure filling process and quality control of aerosols.

109

Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: Packaging components, types, specifications and methods of evaluation, stability aspects of packaging. Packaging equipments, factors influencing choice of containers, legal and other official requirements for containers, package testing.

UNIT IV

Parenterals: Types of parenteral products, formulation, production facilities, production procedures for small volume and large volume Parenterals, large scale production of injectable grade water and quality control of parenterals. Design, development, production and evaluation of oral controlled release preparations.




1. G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhode, “Modern Pharmaceutics”, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

2. S. J. Carter, Cooper and Gunn's, “Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students”, Delhi: CBS Publishers.

3. Remington's, “The science and Practice of Pharmacy”, Pernsybrania: Mack Publishing Co. Easton.

4. L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman and J. L .Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

5. J. C. KacChensney, “Packaging of Cosmetics and Toiletories”, London: Newness Butterworth.

110

Paper Code: BPL-405 Pharmacognosy-IV (Pharmacognosy-IV) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Pharmacognosy is a paper which contribute to rational relationship between chemical moieties of naturally occurring drugs and biological and therapeutic effects they generate. The objective of the paper is to study with sufficient knowledge of classical botaNew York associated with scientific study of medicinally important plants arranged on a taxonomic system including chemical tests along with newer methods of analysis. UNIT I

Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy. World-wide trade in medicinal plants and derived products with special reference

to the status and potential of diosgenin (dioscorea), taxol (taxus sps), digitalis, podophyllum, vinca, papain, cinchona, liquorice, ginseng, aloe vera, rauwolfia and plant containing laxatives.

UNIT II

Plant based industries and institutions involved in research and analysis of medicinal and aromatic plants in India.

Economic utilization and production of phytoconstituents of aloes, senna, ispaghula, digitalis, dioscorea, poppy, ergot, cinchona, tropane and vinca alkaloids.

Chemotaxonomy: Chemotaxonomy of medicinal plants.

UNIT III

Marine pharmacognosy: Novel medicinal agents from marine sources. Aromatic plants: Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products with special

reference to the isolation methods and chemical profile of mentha oil, sandalwood oil, fennel oil, geranium oil and eucalyptus oil.

UNIT IV

Plant tissue culture: Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance. Application of plant tissue

culture in pharmacognosy. Natural allergens and photosensitizing agents.

111


1. C. K. Atal and B. M. Kapur, “Cultivation and utilization of Medicinal plants”, Jammu: RRL.

2. W. Barz, Reinhard E and Zenk M H, “Plant Tissue Culture and Its Biotechnological Application”, Berlin: Springer.

3. R. N. Chopra, S. L. Nayar and I. C. Chopra, “Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants”, New Delhi: CSIR.

4. K. L. Chadha and R.Gupta, “Advances in Horticulture-Vol. II-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants”, New Delhi: Malhotra Publishing House.

5. O. L. Gamborg and L. R. Wetter, “Plant Tissue Culture Methods, National Research Council of Canada”, Saskatchewan.

112

Paper Code: BPL-407 Pharmacology-IV (Pharmacology-IV)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives:

The teaching of Pharmacology is aimed at different aspects of drugs and pharmaceuticals used in different diseases. The students are able to know the relationship between drug concentration and biological response, drug action overtime, factors affecting absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism and elimination of chemicals, structure activity relationship, biological changes that result from repeated drug use, tolerance, addiction and adverse effects. Process of drug interaction with cellular macromolecules to alter physiological function and site of action including knowledge about proper selection of drugs is also covered.

UNIT I: Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System:

Digitalis and cardiac glycosides. Antihypertensive drugs. Antianginal and Vasodilator drugs. Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihyperlipidemic drugs Drugs used in the therapy of shock.

UNIT II: Drugs Acting on the Hemopoietic System:

Hematinics Anticoagulants, Vitamin K and hemostatic agents. Fibrinolytic and anti-platelet drugs. Blood and plasma volume expanders.

Drugs acting on urinary system: Fluid and electrolyte balance Diuretics

UNIT III

Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. General Anesthetics Local anesthetic Alcohols and disulfiram. Sedatives and hypnotics Anti-anxiety agents Centrally acting muscle relaxants. Psychopharmacological agents (antipsychotics, antidepressants and antimaniacs)

113

UNIT IV

Anti-epileptics drugs. Anti-Parkinsonian Drugs. Analgesics, Antipyretics, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-gout drugs. Narcotic analgesics and antagonists. C.N.S. stimulants Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse.


1. J. Crossland and J. H. Thomson, “Essentials of Pharmacology”, New York: Harper and Row Publishers.

2. C. R. Craig and R. R. Stitzel, “Modem Pharmacology”, Little Brown and Company. 3. M. N. Ghosh, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, Calcutta: Scientific

Book Agency. 4. Goodman and Gilman's, “The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics”, New York:

Pergamon Press. 5. D.R. Laurence and P. N. Bennet, “Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Churchill

Livingstone.

114

Departmental Elective Paper Code: BPL-409 Packaging Technology L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Paper Objectives: Objective of this paper is to give the knowledge about Packaging of various Pharmaceutical Formulations with detailed study with regard to history, purpose, hazards, composition, types etc.

UNIT I

Introduction: Definition, life history of a package, qualities of the package, purpose of packaging, hazards encountered by the package, various types of inner and outer packages, selection of a suitable package and child resistant package.

Packaging materials: Detailed study with regard to composition packaging characteristics, advantages, economics and limitations of paper, glass, plastics, metals and rubber as packaging materials.

UNIT II

Strip Packing: Significance of Strip Packing, advantages, economics and limitation of Strip Packing, Strip Packing machinery, films employed in Strip Packing (including composites and laminates) and evaluation of films and strips packs.

Blister Packaging: Blister packing materials, significance of Blister packing, advantages, economics and limitation of blister packing, blister packing machinery, various types of blister packages, evaluation of blister package.

Pouch packaging: Materials used, advantages, economics and limitation of pouch packing, pouch packing machinery, spectrum of applications, evaluation of pouch packing.

UNIT III

Liquid Formulation Packaging: Various containers/closures employed for liquid formulations. Machinery employed for liquid filling – constant level, volumetric, gravimetric etc. Evaluation of liquid formulation packages.

Semi-Solid Packaging: Various types of containers/packages used for semi-solid products, filling and sealing machinery (including collapsible tube filling and sealing machine) merits and limitations of various packages, evaluation of semi-solid product package.

UNIT IV

Sterile Product Packaging: General principles of packaging of sterile products. Various types of containers used for sterile products including small volume and large volume parenterals.

115

Types of closures used for the sterile products: Sterile product filling and sealing machinery i.e. ampoule filling and sealing machine. Limitations and merits of various packages. Evaluation of the sterile product packages.

Labeling: Types of label, labeling requirements as per Drugs and Cosmetics act, packaging inserts and machinery employed for labeling.



Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. A.I. Brody & K. S. Marsh, “The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology”,

New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2. Leon Lachman, H. A. Liberman and J. L. Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of

Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. 3. Sanju Nanda, Rakesh Pahwa and Arun Nanda, “Pharmaceutical Packaging

Technology”, New Delhi: New Age Publications. 4. T. C. KacChesney, “Packaging of Cosmetics and Toiletries”, London: Newness-

Butterworth. 5. “Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences”, P.A: Mack Publishing Co.

116

Departmental Elective Paper Code: BPL-411 Advanced Pharmacognosy L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 UNIT I

Indigenous systems of medicines with emphasis on Ayurveda.

UNIT II

Some important techniques associated with quality control of Herbal Drugs: o Adulteration & deterioration o Factors affecting Herbs quality o TLC / HPTLC o Sampling procedures o Morphological examination o Microscopical evaluation o Chemical evaluation

UNIT III

Pharmacological Screening of herbal drugs. Quality assurance & stability testing of herbal drugs.

UNIT IV

Extraction of herbal drugs o Basic Principle o Pre extraction operation for crude drugs o Effect of solvent, solvent mixture & solution of extraction o Procedure of extraction o Treatment of dry residue after extraction.



117


1. Pulok K. Mukherjee, “Quality control on Herbal Drugs”,New Delhi: Easterrn Publishers(Business Horizons)

2. S.S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Herbal Drug Technology”, New Delhi: University Press.

3. S.S. Agrawal and M. Paridhari, “Clinically Useful Herbal Drugs”, New Delhi: Ahuja Publishers.

4. C.K. Kokate , A.P. Purohit and S.B. Kokhale , “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, Pune: Nirali Publication.

5. G.E. Trease and W.C. Evans, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, U. K: Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne.

6. V.C. Tyler, L.R. Brady and J.E. Robers, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, 8th Ed. , Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.

7. T.E. Wallis, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, London: J. and A Churchill limited. 8. A. Fahn , “Plant Anatomy”, Oxford : Pergamon Press. 9. Jean Brunton, “Text Book of Pharmacognosy”, England, U.K.: Phytochemistry and

Medicinal Plants, Intercept Limited. 10. V.E. Tyler and A.E. Schwarting “Experimental Pharmacognosy”, Minnesota: Burgess

Pub. Co., Minneapolis. 11. E.C.G. Clarke., “Isolation and Identification of Drugs”, London: the Pharmaceutical

Press.

118

Departmental Elective Paper Code: BPL-413 Advanced Biotechnology L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 UNIT I Introduction & Historical Background

Scientific & technological foundations Micro & nano- technology for medicine

UNIT II Bio- technology & Medicines

Vitamins Steroids Amino acid Proteins Antibiotics Natural Compounds

UNIT III Recombinant DNA technology

Concept Cutting & rejoining of DNA DNA segregating PCR in gene amplification Isolation & amplification of gene.

UNIT IV Bio-informatics

Molecular pharmaceutical biotechnology Moral & ethical questions (safety-medical, biological, chemical)



119


1. S. P. Vyas & V. Dixit, “Pharmaceutical Biotechnology”, New Delhi: CBS Pblishers. 2. B. R. Glick & J.J. Pasternak, “Medical Biology, The Principle & Applications of

Recombinant DNA”, Washington: ASM Press. 3. “Harper’s review of Bio Chemistry”, Washington: Lange Medical Publications. 4. Prescott & Dunn, “Industrial Microbiology”, New York: MC Graw Hill Book Company

Inc. 5. Kulkarni, “Biotechnology & its Applications”, New Delhi: CBS Publishers.

120

Paper Code: BPP-415 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IX Practical (Medicinal Chemistry-II) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Workshop on stereomodel use of some selected drugs.

Synthesis of selected drugs from the paper content involving two or more steps.

Establishing the Pharmacopoeial standards of the drugs synthesized.




3. T. Nogardy, “Medicinal Chemistry – A Biochemical Approach”, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.


121

Paper Code: BPP-417 Pharmaceutics -X Practical (Pharmaceutical Technology) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted, some of them may as follows:

Microencapsulation by coacervation phase separation brought about by change of temperature. Microencapsulation by coacervation phase separation brought about by addition of nonsolvent. Formulation, preparation and evaluation of pediatric tablets. Preparation and evaluation of aspirin tablets. Coating of tablets. Evaluation of coatings. Granulation by slugging. Determination of BA and M/G factor. Formulation of hard capsules. Quality control of soft and hard capsules. Preparation of small volume parenterals. Test for pyrogen. Preparation and evaluation of large volume parenteral. Formulation, preparation and evaluation of aerosol. Microencapsulation by complex emulsion method.


1. G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhode, “Modern Pharmaceutics”, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

2. Remington's, “The science and Practice of Pharmacy”, Pernsybrania: Mack Publishing Co. Easton.

3. L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman and J. L .Kanig, “The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy”, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

122

Paper Code: BPP-419 Pharmacognosy-IV Practical (Pharmacognosy-IV)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted; some of them may as follows:

Isolation of some selected Phytoconstituents studied in theory. Extraction of volatile oils and their chromatographic profiles. Demonstration of some experiments in plant tissue culture.


1. G. Malti Chauhan and A.P.G. Pillai , “Microscopic profile of powdered drugs used in Indian systems of medicine, volume 1, Leaf drugs,” Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

2. G. Malti Chauhan and A.P.G. Pillai , “Microscopic profile of powdered drugs used in Indian systems of medicine”, volume 2, bark drugs, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar.

3. W. C. Evans, Trease and Evans, “Pharmacognosy , W. B. Saunders Limited. 4. G. E. Trease, “A Textbook of Pharmacognosy”, London: Bailliere Tindall.

123

Paper Code: BPP-421 Pharmacology-IV Practical (Pharmacology-IV) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50

Number of experiments based on theory topics should be conducted, some of them may as follows (As per regulatory bodies guidelines Animals Experiments should be replaced with experiments through Software):

To record the CRC of histamine on guinea pig ileum preparation (Through Software). To study the center nervous system depressants property of drug on the locomotor

activity by actophotometer. To study the effect of drug on the muscle grip strength of mice using rota-rod

apparatus. To study the effect of drug on the isolated heart of frog (Through Software).


1. J. Crossland and J. H. Thomson, “Essentials of Pharmacology”, New York: Harper and Row Publishers.

2. C. R. Craig and R. R. Stitzel, “Modem Pharmacology”, Little Brown and Company. 3. M. N. Ghosh, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, Calcutta: Scientific

Book Agency. 4. Goodman and Gilman's, “The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics”, New York:

Pergamon Press. 5. S.K. Kulkarni, “Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology”, Delhi: Vallabh

Prakashan. 6. D.R. Laurence and P. N. Bennet, “Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Churchill

Livingstone.

124

Paper Code: BPL-423 Independent Study/ Seminar/ Project L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 -- -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 00 Internal Marks: 100 Paper Objectives: Objective of this paper is to improve the Independent Study nature in the students by performing some project work/presenting the seminar.

125

Paper Code: BPL-402 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-X (Medicinal Chemistry-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: Medicinal chemistry is a branch of chemistry also involving aspects of biological, medical and pharmaceutical sciences. It is concerned with the invention, discovery, design, identification and preparation of biologically active compounds, the interpretation of their mode of interaction at the molecular level, the construction of their structure-activity relationships, and study of their metabolism. UNIT I

Drug metabolism and Concepts of Prodrugs. Synthetic procedures of selected drugs, mode of action, uses, structure activity relationship (including physicochemical aspects) of the following classes of drugs. (Biochemical approaches in drug designing wherever applicable should be discussed):

Antineoplastic agents.

UNIT II

Antimetabolites (including sulfonamides). Chemotherapeutic agents used in Protozoal, Parasitic and other infection Anti-viral including anti - HIVagents. Immunosuppressives and immunostimulants.

UNIT III

Amino acids, peptide, nucleotides and related drugs: Thyroid and Anti thyroid drugs Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Peptidomimetics and nucleotidomimetics. Diagnostic agents. Pharmaceutical Aids.

UNIT IV

Synthetic procedures of following selected drugs: Diethyl carbamazine, Thiabendazole, Sulphadiazine, Sulphamethoxazole, Trimethoprim,Cycloserine, Chloramphenicol, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Nitorfurantoin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Ethonamide, Clofazimine, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, Thio-TEPA, 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, Tolbutamide, Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, L-Thyroxine, Methylthiouracil, Methimazole, Azathioprone, Primaquine, Amodiaquine, Pyrimethamine, Metronidazole, Thioacetazole, Pyrazinamide.

126



Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. Wilson and Gisvold’s, “Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical

Chemistry”, Philadelphia: J. Lippincot Co. 2. W. O. Foye, “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry”, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. 3. C. Hansch, “Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry”, New York: Pregman Press.

4. M. E. Wolff, “Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry”, New York: John Wiley & Sons. 5. T. Nogardy, “Medicinal Chemistry – A Biochemical Approach”, New York: Oxford University Press. 6. B. N. Ladu, H. G. Mandel and E. L. Way, “Fundamentals of Drug metabolism and Disposition”, Baltimore: William and Walkins Co., Preston Street.

127

Paper Code: BPL-404 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-XI (Pharmaceutical Analysis-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objectives: The objective of the paper is to further skills of pharmaceutical analysis by studying various principles involved in instrumental methods of chemical analysis, interpreting the data of spectroscopic analysis including atomic absorption & emission spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, mass spectrometry and chromatography & their applications. After completion of this paper student will be able to do validation of instruments, trouble shooting in operations related to analytical instruments, interpretation of results obtained from data or spectra, designing of appropriate analytical method for newer or known drug or drug material. UNIT I

Quality assurance. GLP, ISO 9000, TQM, Quality Review and Quality Documentation. Regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis, interpretation of analytical data. Validation, quality audit: quality of equipment, validation of equipment, validation of

analytical procedures. UNIT II

The theoretical aspects, basic instrumentation, elements of interpretation of spectra and applications of the following analytical techniques should be discussed:

Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry Fluorimetry. Infrared Spectrophotometry including FTIR.

UNIT III

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy including 13C NMR. Flame Photometry Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Emission Spectroscopy

UNIT IV

Mass Spectrometry X -ray Diffraction. Radio immunoassay.

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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. William Kemp, “Organic Spectroscopy”, London: Macmillan Press Ltd. 2. Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle, “Instrumental Method of Analysis”, New Delhi:

CBS Publishers. 3. K. A. Conners, “A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis”, New York: Wiley Interscience.

4. Silverstein et al., “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, United Kingdom: John Wiley. 5. Skoog, “Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry”, New York: Saunders College Publishing. 6. John R. Dyer, “Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”,

New Delhi: Prentice Hall.

129

Paper Code: BPL-406 Pharmaceutics –XI (BioPharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objective:

The concepts of bioavailability and administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs are required to study the drug pharmacokinetic parameters, dosage regime design, therapeutic drug monitoring, in-vivo evaluation of drugs and bioavailability studies. Also the studies relating for population pharmacokinetics, determination of frequency, duration and quantity of drugs given for particular disease and schedule of drugs in various ailments & in different age groups. UNIT I

Introduction to Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation development and clinical setting.

Biopharmaceutics: Passage of drug across biological barrier (passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion and pinocytosis).

Factors influencing absorption: Physiochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical. Drug distribution in the body, plasma protein binding.

UNIT II

Pharmacokinetics, Significance of plasma drug concentration measurement, Compartmental model: definition and scope.

Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption: Zero order and first order absorption rate constant using wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman method. Volume of distribution and distribution coefficient.

Compartment kinetics: One compartment and two compartment models. Determination of pharmacokinetics parameters from plasma and urine data after drug administration by intravascular and oral route.

UNIT III

Curve fitting (method of residuals), regression procedures. Clearance concept, mechanism of renal clearance, clearance ratio, determination of renal clearance.

Hepatic elimination of drugs, first pass effect, extraction ratio, hepatic clearance, billiary excretion, enterohepatic circulation.

Non-linear pharmacokinetics with special reference to one compartment model after I.V. drug administration, Michales Menten equation, determination of non-linearity (saturation mechanism).

UNIT IV

Dosage regimen adjustment for repeated therapy. Clinical pharmacokinetics: Definition and scope, Dosage adjustment in patients with

and without renal and hepatic failure.

130

Introduction to Pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and its significance in combination therapy.

Bioavailability and bioequivalence: Measures of bioavailability, Cmax, tmax and Area under Curve (AUC). Design of single dose bio-equivalence study and relevant statistics. Overview of regulatory requirements for conduction of bio-equivalence study.



Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. L. Shargel and B. C. Andrew, “Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics”,

USA: Prentice Hall International. 2. Brahmankar, New Delhi: CBS Publishers.

3. J. G. Wagner, “Fundamental of Clinical Pharmacokinetics”, Hamilton: Drug Intteligence Publications.

4. R. E. Notari, “Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics- an Intoduction”, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

5. Sarfaraz Niazi, “Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics”, New York: Appelton – Century Crofts.

6. M. Gibaldi and D. Parrier, “Pharmacokinetics”, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. 7. J. G. Wagner, “Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist”, Switzerland:

Technomic Publishing. 8. Milo Gibaldi, “Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics”, Philadelphia: Lea

and Fibiger.

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Paper Code: BPL-408 Pharmacology-V (Pharmacology-V) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objective: The teaching of Pharmacology is aimed at different aspects of drugs and pharmaceuticals used in different diseases. The therapeutic/pharmacological group of drugs is taught according to the classification of World Health Organization. The students are able to know the relationship between drug concentration and biological response, drug action overtime, factors affecting absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism and elimination of chemicals, structure activity relationship, biological changes that result from repeated drug use, tolerance, addiction and adverse effects. UNIT I: Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract:

Anti- ulcer drugs. Laxatives and antidiarrhoeal drugs. Appetite Stimulants and Suppressants Emetics and anti- emetics. Miscellaneous- Carminatives, demulcents, protectives, adsorbents, astringents,

digestants, enzymes and mucolytics.

UNIT II: Pharmacology of Endocrine System:

Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. Thyroid hormones and anti thyroid drugs, parathormone, calcitonin and Vitamin D. Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents and Glucagon. ACTH and corticosteroids Androgens and anabolic steroids Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives Drugs acting on the uterus.

UNIT III: Chemotherapy

General Principles of Chemotherapy Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole Antibiotics- penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, Quinolones. Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, viral diseases, urinary tract

infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Chemotherapy of malignancy and immunosuppressive agents.

UNIT IV: Toxicology

Principles of Toxicology Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning with particular

reference to barbiturates, opioids, organophosphorous and atropine poisoning. Heavy metals (arsenic, lead and mercury) and heavy metal antagonists.

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Suggested Readings (Latest Editions): 1. B.G. Katzung, “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Prentice Hall

International. 2. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine”, London: Churchill Livingstone. 3. Goodman and Gilman’s, “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, New York:

Pregman Press. 4. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, New York: Chapman and Hall. 5. H. P. Rang and M. M. Dale, “Pharmacology”, London: Churchill Livingstone. 6. E. T. Herfindal and J. L. Hirschman, “Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics”,

Baltimore: Williams and Willkins. 7. J. L. Dipiro, “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach”, New York:

Elsevier. 8. D. R. Laurence and P.N. Bennet, “Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Churchill

Livingstone.”

133

Paper Code: BPL-410 Pharmacology-VI (Clinical Pharmacy & Drug Interaction)

L -- T -- P Total Credits: 04 4 -- -- Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Paper Objective:

Clinical pharmacy is the practice of Pharmacy in clinical setting especially in a hospital. The concept of clinical pharmacy and the role that the pharmacists are playing internationally is to be introduced. Study of clinical pharmacy is important in therapeutic drug monitoring, deTermining toxicities, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and dosage regimen establishment. It helps in proper selection of drugs, administration route, as well as guiding patients about the drug therapy.

UNIT I

Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy. Basic Concepts of Pharmacotherapy. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and individualization of Drug Therapy.

UNIT II

Drug use during Infancy and in the Elderly (Pediatrics and Geriatrics). Drug use during pregnancy. Drug-induced Diseases.

UNIT III

The Basics of Drug Interactions. General Principles of Clinical Toxicology.

UNIT IV

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Tests. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Concept of Essential Drugs and Rational Drug use.



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1. B. G. Katzung, “Basic & Clinical Pharmacology”, London: Prentice Hall International.

2. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine”, New York: Churchill Livingstone. 3. Goodman and Gilman’s, “The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, New York:

Pregman Press. 4. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, New York: Chapman and Hall. 5. H. P. Rang and M. M. Dale, “Pharmacology”, New York: Churchill Livingstone. 6. E. T. Herfindal and J. L. Hirschman, “Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics”,

Baltimore: Williams and Willkins. 7. J. L. Dipiro, “Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach”, Elsevier. 8. D. R. Laurence and P. N. Bennet, “Clinical Pharmacology”, New York: Churchill

Livingstone.”

135

Paper Code: BPP-412 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-X Practical (Medicinal Chemistry-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of Syntheses involving two or more steps in the synthesis.





136

Paper Code: BPP-414 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-XI Practical (Pharmaceutical Analysis-III) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows:

Quantitative estimation of at least ten formulations containing single drug or more than one drug, using instrumental techniques.

Estimation of Na+, K+, Ca++ ions using flame photometry. IR of samples with different functional groups (-COOH, -COOR.-CONHR; -NH2, -

NHR, -OH, etc.). Workshop to interpret the structure of simple organic compounds using UV, IR. NMR

and MS. Suggested Readings (Latest Editions):

1. William Kemp, “Organic Spectroscopy”, London: Macmillan Press Ltd. 2. Silverstein et al., “Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds”, United Kingdom: John Wiley. 3. Skoog, “Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry”, New York: Saunders College Publishing. 4. John R. Dyer, “Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”,

New Delhi: Prentice Hall. 5 A. H. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I and

II”, London: The Athlon Press of the University of London.

137

Paper Code: BPP-416 Pharmaceutics –XI Practical (Bio Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted; some of them may as follows:

Experiments designed for the estimation of various pharmacokinetic parameters with given data.

Analysis of biological specifications for drug content and estimation of the pharmacokinetic parameters.

In vitro evaluation of different dosage forms for drug release. Absorption studies - in- vitro and in -situ. Statistical treatment of pharmaceutical data.


1. L. Shargel and B. C. Andrew, “Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics”, USA: Prentice Hall International.

2. J. G. Wagner, “Fundamental of Clinical Pharmacokinetics”, Hamilton: Drug Intteligence Publications.

3. J. G. Wagner, “Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist”, Switzerland: Technomic Publishing.

4. Milo Gibaldi, “Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics”, Philadelphia: Lea and Fibiger.

138

Paper Code: BPP-418 Pharmacology-V Practical (Pharmacology-V) L -- T -- P Total Credits: 02 -- -- 4 Total Marks: 100 External Marks: 50 Internal Marks: 50 Number of practicals based on theory portion should be conducted, some of them may as follows (As per regulatory bodies guidelines Animals Experiments should be replaced with experiments through Software):

To study the various types of bio assay. To record a Dose Response Curve (DRC) or Concentration Response Curve (CRC) of

acetylcholine/ histamine using rat ileum preparation (Demonstration through Software).

To study the effect of drugs on the rabbit eye (Through Software). To obtain a graded dose response curve of histamine & determine the concentration

same in solution (Unknown Concentration) using matching type bio-assay. Some reports may be collected from human volunteers regarding the effects of

following clinically useful drugs: Antihistaminics Anti-anxiety and sedative drugs Analgesics & Anti inflammatory agents Anti Hypertensives.


1. “Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations”, Livingstone: Edinburg University Pharmacology Staff.

2. S.K. Kulkarni, “Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology”, Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan.

3. L. Paul, “Principles of Pharmacology”, New York: Chapman and Hall. 4. B. G. Katzung, “Basic and Clinical Pharmacology”, New York: Prentice Hall

International. 5. M. N. Ghosh, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, Calcutta: Scientific

Book Agency. 6. Goyal ,”Practical in Pharmacology”, Ahmedabad: B S Shah Publications. 7. Ghose, “Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology”, New Delhi: Amit Book

Company. 8. E. T. Herfindal and J. L. Hirschman, “Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics”,

Baltimore: Williams and Willkins.

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