brain computer interface/brain machine interface

7/28/2019 Brain Computer Interface/Brain Machine Interface

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Brain Computer InterfaceTechnology

SiddhantRK1R06-B37


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Fiction to Reality


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Mind Machine Interface ( M M I )

Direct Neural Interface ( D N I )

Brain Computer Interface

B C I


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CONTENTS

1) Introduction

2) Principle

3) History

4) Terms Related To Brain computer Interface Technology

5) BCI Approaches

6) Working of Brain Computer Interfaces

7) Researches & Applications of BCI

8) Disadvantages of BCI

9) Future Applications


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Introduction

A brain-machine interface is a communication system

that does not depend on the brains normal output

pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles.

New communication linkfunctioning human brain------------------outside world

Electronic interfaces with the brain which have

ability to send and receive signals to and from brain.

Signals from brainCOMPUTER

via IMPLANTS

for data entry without any direct interaction with brain


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PRINCIPLEThe main principle behind this is the

Bioelectrical activity of muscles and nerves.

Neurons work in complex logic and

produce thoughts and signals that control

our body.


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HISTORYHans Berger was the 1st to discover

Human Brains Electrical activity.

In 1924 Berger recorded HBA by means ofEEG(Electroencephalography).

Research on BCIs began in 1970s.

In the mid 1990s prosthetic device was implanted

in human beings for the 1st time.


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Some Notable Research Groups

1) Richard Andersen

2) John Donoghue

3) Phillip Kennedy

4) Miguel Nicolelis

5) Andrew Schwartz


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Terms Related to BCI

1) Microelectrode Arrays :These devices contain multiple plates through

which neural signals are obtained or delivered.


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2) Prosthetic :

It is a Greek term which means attachment.

Prosthetic is an artificial device extension that

replaces a missing body part.


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3) EEG (Electroencephalography) :It is the recording of electrical activity

along the scalp.

EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting

from ionic current.


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4) ECoG (Electrocorticography) :It is the practice of using electrodes placed

directly on the exposed surface of thebrain to record electrical activity from the

cerebral cortex.


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4) Data Acquisition :

Conversion of analog waveforms into digitalsignals for processing.


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BCI Approaches

Invasive

Semi-Invasive

Non-Invasive


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INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces

Implanted directly through neurosurgery Rests in Grey matter

Signals - Highest Quality

Scar Tissue build up

Target Repairing damaged sight

Providing mobility to persons suffering from paralysis

Artificial Vision System


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SEMI-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces

Implanted inside the skull

Outside the brain

the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that isplaced above the cortex, beneath the dura mater

Based on Ecog

Signal Quality Much Better than Non-Invasive

Scar tissue Lower risk than Fully Invasive

1st

tried in humans in 2004


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NON-INVASIVE Brain Computer Interfaces

No Surgery Required

No electrodes implanted inside the head

Based on EEG Signal Quality Poor (because of the skull)

Applications -

Power muscle implants

Restore partial movements

Virtual Gaming


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Diagrammatic Representation


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Detailed Block-Level Diagram of

Brain Computer Interfaces


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>>>>>>>>>>> WORKING


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RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS On


RATS implanted with BCI in Bergers Experiment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MouseBCI.jpg


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Rhesus Monkey in Nicoleliss Research at

Dukes University


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WAPWALK AGAIN PROJECT

(MIGUEL NICOLELIS)


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BCIs and Brain Controlled Wheel Chair


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HONDAs Brain Computer Interface


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DISADVANTAGES of BCIs

Headache

ExhaustingLaziness Degenerate


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FUTURE APPLICATIONS

of


Linking people via chip implants to super intelligent machines

creating in effect, super humans.

These cyborgs will be onestep ahead of humans.

And just as humans have always valued themselves above

other forms of life, it is likely that cyborgs will look down onhumans who have yet to evolve.


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