brain gate system
DESCRIPTION
a brief idea about brain gate technologyTRANSCRIPT
BRAINGATE
Presented By:ManpreetSingh187/2011
CONTENTS Introduction
History
Brain gate pilot device
Underlying principle
Components
Working
Transmission of information
Software
Research in human
Advantages
Limitation
Future scope
References
Conclusion
INTRODUCTIONWhat is Brain Gate Technology?
Brain gate is a neuroprosthetic device that converts brain activity into computer commands.
This system is designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs,
or other bodily functions, such as patients
with amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or
spinal cord injury.
DEVELOPMENTCompany and Scientist:
Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
UNDERLYING PRINCIPLEThe brain is hardwired with
connections, which are made by billions of neurons that make electrical signals whenever they are stimulated
”The principle of operation of the Brain Gate Neural Interface System is that with intact brain function, neural signals are generated even
though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs”
The components in this system• The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter
square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement
• The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull
Continued…• The converter: The signal
travels to a shoebox-sized
amplifier mounted on the
user’s wheelchair, where
it’s converted to optical
data and bounced by fiber-
optic cable to a computer.
• The computer: The
computer translates brain
activity and creates the
communication output
using custom decoding
software
WORKING The Brain Gate neural interface device
is a brain-computer interface that
consist of an Inter neural signal
sensor and External Processors.
The sensor consists of a tiny chip
containing 100 microscopic electrodes
that detect brain cell electrical activity.
The chip is implanted on the surface of
brain in the motor cortex area that
controls movement
Motor Cortex Area(controlsMovement)
WORKING(cont.)• External Processors convert
neural signals into an output
signal under the users own
control.
• The computers translate brain
activity and create the
communication output using
custom decoding software.
HOW INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED?
• When a work is done through any
part of body then a potential
difference is created in the brain.
• This potential difference is
captured by the electrodes and is
transmitted via fiber optic to the
Digitizer(external processor).
• The digitizer converts the signal
into some 0’s and 1’s and that is
feed into the computer.
• Thus a new path for
propagation of brain
commands from the brain
to the computer via Brain
Gate are created.
• Now when external devices
are connected to the
computer work according
to the thought produced in
the brain.
Software behind Brain Gate…
The computers translate brain activity and create the
communication output using custom decoding software.
System uses translation algorithms written in
1) C++
2) JAVA
3) MATLAB
Brain Gate Research in HumanMathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-computer interface to restore functionality lost due to paralysis…
A boon to the paralyzed
ADVANTAGES
Limitations…
At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain signals.
It is very expensive.
Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.
Difficulty in adaptation and learning
Future or Fiction??
References
• Sixto Ortiz Jr., "Brain-Computer Interfaces: Where Human and Machine Meet," Computer, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 17-21, Jan., 2007
• F. Babiloni, A. Cichocki, and S. Gao, eds., special issue, “Brain-Computer Interfaces: Towards Practical Implementations and Potential Applications,” ComputationalIntelligence and Neuroscience, 2007
• P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue, “Brain Computer Interfaces,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,Jan. 2008
• The MIT Press – “Toward Brain-Computer Interfacing”
• Wikipedia, HowStuffWorks and various other website sources…