brainattackdefinitionandidofstrokepresentaiton.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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BRAIN ATTACK - STROKE
By: Karen Peper RN MSN CFNP©Providence Hospital 9/07
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Objectives
Define Stroke
List types of Strokes
List risk factors for Stroke
Identify the signs and symptoms of Stroke
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Stroke Statistics
Stroke is the No. 3 cause of death in the U.S.
(#1 – Heart Disease, #2 – Cancer)
Stroke kills more than 160,000 American each year
On average, every 53 seconds, someone in the US experiences a stroke.
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Stroke Statistics
Every 3.1 minutes someone dies of a stroke
Stroke risk increases with age. For each decade after age 55, the risk of stroke doubles.
72% of all strokes occur in people over the age of 65
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What is a Stroke?
Brain tissue is damaged from a sudden loss of blood flow, resulting in a loss of neurological function
Causes:– Blockage (blood clot) occurring
inside a blood vessel– Blood vessel leaks blood due to
rupture
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Types of Strokes
Ischemic Stroke (85%)
Hemorrhagic Stroke (15%)
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Ischemic Stroke
Types of Ischemic Stroke
– Embolic Stroke• Blood clot travels to the
brain
– Thrombotic Stroke• Blood flow is blocked to
the brain
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Hemorrhagic Stroke
Bleeding occurs from vessels within the brain. High blood pressure or a rupture of a blood vessel or an aneurysm may be the cause.
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Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)
A stroke-like event lasting minutes, or hours, that occurs when the brain is deprived of oxygen-rich blood temporarily, but in which the effects wear off completely after the blood-flow returns
TIA’s do not result in permanent brain damage
TIA is serious and too often ignored
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PLEASE…Pay Attention to these symptoms
TIA’s should not be ignored– More that 1/3 of people will go on to
have an actual stroke– 5% of strokes will occur within 1
month of the TIA or first stroke– 12% will occur within 1 year– 20% will occur within 2 years– 25% will occur within 3 years
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Stroke affects people of
• All Ages
• All Ethnic Groups
• All Backgrounds
Most strokes are preventable, take steps NOW to reduce having a stroke!
Stroke does not Discriminate
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Signs & Symptoms of Stroke
Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
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Strokes occur in the brain and affect the opposite side of the body
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Everyone…
Please stand up
If you answer yes to any of the following questions, please sit down
Thank you
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Risk Factors for Stroke
Blood Pressure over 120/80?Smoker – exposed to tobacco?Overweight?Diabetes?High Cholesterol?Heart Disease?
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Risk Factors for Stroke
Family History of Stroke?Physical activity…less than a total
of 30 minutes on most days?Man over age of 45, OR a woman
over 55 years of age?
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Are you sitting down?
Yes, you are at risk for a stroke, but it doesn’t mean you will have one
There are risk factors that can be controlled and risk factors that cannot be controlled
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Risk Factors
Risk factors you can control:– DIET - How we eat, do we follow our
diet?– EXERCISE - Do we exercise or get
some physical activity?– MEDICATIONS - Taking medications
correctly– SMOKING - Stop smoking
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Strokes can affect different parts of the brain, this results in patients experiencing different symptoms
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Strokes are an EMERGENCYIf you are having a Stroke come to
the hospital right away – CALL 9-1-1
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Once You are at the HospitalDiagnostic Testing
– CT or MRI of the brain
– EKG
– Carotid Ultrasound
– Echocardiogram
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EKG – may show atrial fibrillation
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Carotid Ultrasound – will show if there is stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessel)
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Echocardiogram – detects if any thrombus (blood clot) within the heart chambers
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Chest X-ray
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Blood work - Labs
Any labs may be ordered, Lipid Profile (checking your cholesterol level) is done on all patients.
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Recognize the Symptoms of a Stroke
3 Simple Questions
– Ask the person to smile
– Ask the person to raise both arms
– Ask the person to say a simple sentence “The sky is blue in Boston”
The sky is blue in Boston
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ACT IN TIME
Stroke is a medical emergency. Every minute counts when someone is having a stroke. The longer blood flow is cut off to the brain, the greater the damage. Immediate treatment can save people's lives and enhance their chances for successful recovery
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tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)
– is a clot-busting drug
– Ischemic strokes, the most common type of strokes, can be treated with a drug called t-PA, that dissolves blood clots obstructing blood flow to the brain.
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TIME IS BRAIN
Time is very important in order to receive this medication
Window of opportunity to start treating stroke patients is three hours, but to be evaluated and receive treatment, patients need to get to the hospital within 60 minutes.
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Medications
AspirinAggrenoxPlavixBlood pressure
medication if appropriate
Cholesterol lowering medicines if needed
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Hospital Treatment for Stroke
Medical Management – Dietary– Physical & Occupational
Therapy– Speech Therapy if indicated– Nursing
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Hospital Treatment for Stroke
Rehabilitation– Physical Medicine
Consult– Determine what type of
therapy best for patient• Rehab Unit • Subacute Rehab• Extended Care Facility• Home Care with PT/OT
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Discharge Planning
Starts upon admission to the hospital– Consult social worker or care
coordinator to help identify discharge needs
– Provide patient/family with Stroke education
– Stroke Support Group meetings
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Can you SPOT a Stroke?
This is the end of the program
– Do you have any questions??
THANK YOU….