breakup of formative assessment marks (history/ … class 8... · delhi public school assignment...

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL Assignment Booklet

Indirapuram, Ghaziabad (Class – VIII : SOCIAL STUDIES)

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BREAKUP OF Formative Assessment MARKS (History/ Civics/ Geography)

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Formative Assessment- I (Activity Based) [50 Marks]

MCQ- [15 Marks]

Holiday Homework- [15 Marks]

History Activity- [5 Marks]

Civics Activity + Report- [15 Marks]

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Formative Assessment- II [50 Marks]

Pen & Paper Test- [30 Marks]

MCQ- [10 Marks]

History Activity- [10 Marks]

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Formative Assessment- III [50 Marks]

Pen & Paper Test- [30 Marks]

MCQ- [10 Marks]

Civics Activity- [10 Marks]

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Formative Assessment- IV (Activity Based) [50 Marks]

MCQ- [20 Marks]

Geography Activity: [10 Marks]

Notebook Submission- [10 Marks]

History/ Civics Activity- [10 Marks]

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SYLLABUS

HISTORY

Summative Assessment I

Chapter-1: When, Where and How

Chapter-2: From Trade to Territory

Chapter-3: Ruling the Countryside

Chapter-4: Tribals, Dikus & The Vision of a Golden Age (Activity Based)

Chapter-5: When People Rebel (1857 and after)

Summative Assessment II

Chapter-8: Civilizing the Native, Educating the Nation

Chapter-9: Women Cast and Reforms

Chapter-11: The Making of the National Movement: 1870‟s till 1947

CIVICS


Chapter-1: The Indian Constitution

Chapter-3: Why Do We Need a Parliament

Chapter-5: Judiciary


Chapter-7: Understanding Marginalization

Chapter-8: Confronting Marginalization

Chapter-10: Law and Social Justice (Activity Based)

GEOGRAPHY


Chapter-1: Resources

Chapter-2: Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wild life

Chapter-3: Mineral and Power Resources


Chapter-4: Agriculture

Chapter-5: Industries





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Chapter-6: Human Resources

MODULES: HISTORY

Module – 1 & 2

WHEN, WHERE AND HOW

Contents:

An overview of the period.

Importance of dates and periodisation

Sources

Learning Objectives:

To understand the different ways to periodise Indian history and politics associated

with it.

To evaluate various sources for the modern period in India and problems faced by

historians while using certain sources.

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Module – 3

FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY (The Company Establishes Power)

Contents:

East India Company comes east.

East India Company begins trade in Bengal.

How trade led to battles.

The battle of plassey.

Company officials become „nabobs‟.

Company rule expands.


To understand the initial motive of the East India Company in India.

To understand the way a mere trading company gradually begin to capture

territories for more profit in trade.

Key Terms:

Mercantile, Farman, puppet, „nabobs‟.

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Module – 4

FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY (contd.)

Contents:

Tipu Sultan – The „ Tiger of Mysore‟

War with the Marathas

The claim to Paramountcy

The Doctrine of Lapse

Setting up a new administration

The company army

Slave trade in South Africa


To explain the resistance and confrontation between the British and the Southern

State.

To explain various means adopted by the British to capture territories in India

and expand their rule.

To understand the reorganization of army and administration by the British in

India.

Key Terms:

Confederacy, qazi, impeachment, Mufti, dharmashastras, Sawar, Matchlock,

musket.

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Module – 5

RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE

Contents:

The company becomes the Diwan

Revenue for the company.

The need to improve agriculture and problem with it.

A new system is devised – Permanent Settlement

The Munro System – Ryotwari settlement.


To explain the land revenue system of the British.





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To understand the relationship of the British with the peasants.

Key Terms:

Ryot, talukdar, mahal

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Module – 6

RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE (contd.)

Contents:

Crops for Europe

Why the demand for Indian indigo?

Britain turns to India.

How was indigo cultivated?

The problem with „nij‟ cultivation.

Indigo on the land of ryots.

The Blue Rebellion and after.


To explain the importance of indigo to the British.

To understand the plight of the peasants cultivating indigo.

Key Terms:

Plantation, nij, slaves, Bigha, vat

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Module – 7 (ACTIVITY BASED)

TRIBALS, DIKUS AND THE VISION OF A GOLDEN AGE

Contents:

How did Tribal Groups Live?

Some were jhum cultivations or hunters and gatherers while some herded

animals and some took to settled cultivation.

How did colonial Rule affect Tribal lives?

What happened to tribal chiefs, shifting cultivatiors?

Forest laws and their impact.

Birsa Munda





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To explain the condition of tribals and their occupations in India.

To understand the impact of British forest laws on the tribals.

Form of resistance – case study of Birsa Munda

Key Terms:

Sleepers, Bewar, fallow

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Module – 8

WHEN PEOPLE REBEL (1857 AND AFTER)

Contents:

Policies and the people.

Through the eyes of the people.

A Mutiny becomes a popular rebellion.


To understand the impact of British exploitative policies on different social groups

of India.

To explain how people perceived the rebellion.

Key Terms:

Sepoy, mutiny

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Module – 9 & 10

WHEN PEOPLE REBEL (contd.)

Contents:

The company fight back.

Aftermath


To explain the suppression of the revolt by the British.

To understand the administrative and military changes introduced by the British

after the Revolt.

Key Terms:

Sovereign, Paramount, ghazis





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Revision For Half Yearly Examinations

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Module – 11

COLONIALISM AND THE CITY (The story of an imperial capital)

Contents:

What happened to cities under colonial Rule?

How many „Delhis‟ before New Delhi?

The making of New Delhi.

Planning a new capital.


To understand the condition of major cities under the colonial rule.

To explain the making of the new capital „ New Delhi‟.

The impact of British rule on the Indian cities.

Key Terms:

Gulfaroshan, Renaissance, Dargah, Khanqah, Idgah, cut-de-sac, urbanization

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Module – 12

COLONIALISM AND THE CITY (contd.)

Contents:

Life in the time of Partition.

Inside the old city.

The decline of havelis.

The municipality begins to plan.


To understand the impact of the Partition on the cities.

To explain the changes occurred in the mughal city during the colonial rule.

To understand the makeover of the old city into a new modern city.

Key Terms:

Amir, baoli, Haveli

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Module – 13 & 14

CIVILIZING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION

Contents:

The new education system – schools, syllabi, colleges, universities, technical

training.

Changes in the indigenous system – Growth of national education

Case studies – Braoda, Aligarh


To show who the education system that is seen as universal and normal today

has a history.

To discuss how the politics of education is linked to the question of power and

cultural identity.

Key Terms:

Wood‟s Dispatch, Act of 1813

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Module – 15 &16

WOMEN AND REFORM

Contents:

Debates around Sati, Widow remarriage, Child marriage and age of consent.

Ideas of different reformers on the position of women and women‟s education.

Regional focus : Maharashtra and Bengal


To discuss why so many reformers focused on the women‟s question and how

they visualized a change in women‟s conditions.

To outline the history of new laws that affect women‟s lives.

To illustrate how autobiographies, biographies and other literature can be used to

reconstruct the histories of women.

Key Terms:

Sati, Age of consent

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Module – 17 & 18

THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT : 1870s-1947

Contents:

Overview of the nationalist movement from the 1870s to the 1940s.

Diverse trends within the movement and different social groups involved.

Links with constitutional changes.

Case study : Khilafat to Non-cooperation.


To outline the major developments within the national movement and focus on a

detailed study of one of the major events.

To show how contemporary writings and documents can be used to reconstruct

the histories of political movements.

Key Terms:

Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience, Khilafat

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Module – 19

Revision For Annual Examination

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ASSIGNMENTS

Chapter : HOW, WHEN AND WHERE

I Complete the following sentences:

(i) Modern Indian history begins from _________ to ___________ A.D.

(ii) The first Governor – General of India was ___________.

(iii) The last Governor – General of India was ___________.

(iv) For the first time ________ divided Indian history into 3 periods in his book „A

history of British India‟.

(v) Indian historians have divided Indian history into _______, _______ and ______

period.

(vi) Britannia means the symbol of ____________ power.

(vii) ___________ thought all Asian society were at a lower of civilization than

Europe.

(viii) The National Archives of India is situated in _______________.

(ix) __________ became common under the colonial administration.

(x) Census operations were held every _________ years.

(xi) In the common notion history was synonymous with __________.

II State the following whether correct or incorrect:

(i) History is about changes that occur over time.

(ii) Dates are important in history.

(iii) Mill thought that all Asian society were at a lower level of civilization than

Europe.

(iv) James Mill was a British economist.

(v) Official records of the British administration is an important source.

III Answer the following questions briefly:

(i) Why do we try and divide history into different periods?

(ii) How according to James Mill, could British rule civilize Indian society?

(iii) What do you understand by the process of colonization?

(iv) Why did the British set up record rooms attached to all administrative

institution?





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(v) Why did surveys become important in the colonial administration?

(vi) What were the problems faced with official records?

(vii) What is calligraphy?

(viii) How have historians divided the Indian history?

(ix) How did James Mill divide Indian history? What justification did he give?

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Chapter : FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY


(i) Aurangzeb died in __________ A.D.

(ii) The East India Company came to India in _________ A.D.

(iii) The East India Company received „farman‟ to trade in India from _________.

(iv) The Battle of Plassey was fought in _________ A.D.

(v) _________ was the „ nawab‟ of Bengal during the battle of Plassey.

(vi) In 1765 the Mughal emperor appointed the company as the ________ of

Bengal.

(vii) The battle of Plassey was fought in ………………AD.

(viii) ………………discovered the sea – route to India in 1498.

(ix) From …………………a new system of justice was established.

(x) ……………..was appointed as the Governor of Bengal in 1772.

(xi) Third Battle of Panipat was fought in ………………….

II State whether the following are correct or incorrect.

(i) Delhi could function as an effective centre as powerful regional kingdoms

emerged.

(ii) By the second half of the 18th century, a new power emerging on the political

horizon – the French.

(iii) In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of

England, Queen Elizabeth 1, granting it the sole right to trade with the East.

(iv) The first English factory was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651.

(v) Siraj-uddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal in 1796.





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III Answer the following questions:

(i) What were the grievances of the Nawabs of Bengal against the British?

(ii) When did the Mughal emperor appoint the Company as the Diwan of the

province of Bengal? What did the Diwan allow the Company to do?

(iii) What were the Nawabs of Bengal forced to do for the Company officials after

the battle of Plassey?

(iv) Write the terms of the „Subsidiary Alliance‟.

(v) What according to James Mill is the position of the Resident who is appointed

by the Company?

(vi) What attracted European trading companies to India?

(vii) How did the company claim paramount?

(viii) When did the Mughal emperor appoint EIC as the Diwan of Bengal?

(ix) How did the company try to maximize its income?

(x) How could the Company ensure its revenue income?

(xi) Why did the Company think of changing the revenue settlement?

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Chapter: RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE


a) On 12th August, 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the East India

Company as the ……………………of Bengal.

b) As Diwan, the company became the chief …………………… administration

of the territory under its control.

c) In …………………… A.D. a terrible famine killed 10 million people

in…………………….

d) Lord Cornwallis introduced …………………… settlement in Bengal in

…………………… A.D.

e) Mahalwari system was introduced by …………………… in

……………………A.D.

f) …………………… and …………………… introduced ryotwari settlement.

g) Nij & Ryoti were two main system of ………………………… cultivation.

h) ……………………….. introduced the permanent settlement in 1793 AD.

i) The Champaran movement was against ………………………..





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j) …………………..print was created by weavers of Andhra Pradesh.

k) The international demand for Indigo was affected by the discovery of

………………

II Answer the following questions:

a) What was the responsibility of the East India Company as the Diwan of

Bengal?

b) What was the balance of trade for the British in India before 1865?

c) Why did the British feel that there was a need to improve agriculture?

d) What was Permanent settlement? What was the problem with it?

e) Explain Mahalwari settlement. In which areas was it introduced?

f) Explain Ryotwari settlement. Where was it introduced?

g) Discuss the main features of Permanent settlement?

h) Give two problems which arose with the Munro system of fixing revenue?

i) What do you know about the “Blue revolution”?

j) What method did the companies adopt to expand area under Indigo

cultivation?

k) Why were the ryots reluctant to grow Indigo?

l) What were the circumstances which led to collapse of indigo production in

Bengal?

III Short answer questions:

a) Enlist the duties of the company as Diwan.

b) What crisis was faced in the economy of Bengal?

c) Why didn‟t the Zamindars think of improving the land under them?

d) What were draw backs of the revenue system?

e) When & why did the demand for indigo grew?

f) Mention the ways by which the company tried to expand the area under

indigo cultivation.

g) What steps did the government take post 1857 in apprehension of an indigo

rebellion?

h) What were the problems faced by the peasants under ryoti system? Did it

benefit the cultivator and the planter?

IV Long answer questions:

a) What do you know about the „Blue rebellion‟?

b) What were the terms of ryoti system?





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c) State the problem with nij cultivation?

d) Mention the revenue system devised in the North- Western Frontier Province

of Bengal and why? Mention the terms of the settlement.

e) Explain the terms of the Permanent settlement. Were the peasants happy with

the settlement?

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Chapter : TRIBALS, DIKUS AND THE VISION OF A GOLDEN AGE (ACTIVITY

BASED)

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Chapter: WHEN PEOPLE REBEL


a) Nana Sahib was the adopted son of ___________.

b) The sepoy mutiny begin from __________.

c) __________ was the general of Nana Sahib.

d) __________ was declared as the leader of the mutiny.

e) Hazrat Mahal acted as a regent for the heir of …………….

f) …………. was the adopted son of peshwa Baji Rao

g) …………………… was declared as the leader of the mutiny.

h) …………………..was the commander in chief of the Indian troops.

i) Bahadur Shah Zafar and his wife …………………… were sent to prison to

…………………… in 1858.

j) _________ escaped to jungles and continued to fight a guerrilla war.

k) After the mutiny of 1857 the Governor-General of India was given the title of

…………………… i.e. ……………………of the crown.

II Answer the questions briefly:

a) Why were the nawabs & rajas angry with the British?

b) What did Rani Laxmibai try to negotiate with the company?

c) How did the British take over Awadh?

d) What were the resentments of peasants & sepoys against the British?





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e) Mention the laws passed by the British to reform Indian society.

f) How did the company treat Bahadur Shah Zafar & his family?

g) Mention the various leaders of the revolt & the area they belonged to.

h) When did East India Company face a massive rebellion?

i) Where did the rebellion begin?

j) Why was Mangal Pandey hanged to death?

k) What did Ahmadullah Shah Prophesize?

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Chapter: COLONIALISM AND THE CITY


a) In late 18th Century ______, _________ and ________ emerged as important

Presidency cities.

b) Cities like _________, ________ and _________ were deurbanized during 19th

Century.

c) Delhi has been a capital for more than ________ years.

d) The capital built by ShahJahan was named as _________.

e) The period from 1830 to 1857 is considered as a period of the Delhi

__________.

f) In 1911, __________ was held in Delhi to celebrate the crowning of George V

in England.

g) New Delhi was constructed on ________ hills.

h) Two architects _________ and ______ were called on to design New Delhi and

its buildings.

i) New Delhi took nearly ________ years to build.

j) The Delhi improvement trust was set up in __________.

k) In ____________ the British gained control of Delhi after defeating the

Marathas.

II Short answer questions:

a) Why did earlier centres of regional powers collapse? Give example.

b) „Delhi during Shah Jahan‟s time was also an important centre of Sufi culture‟.

Comment.

c) How do you describe Delhi‟s society in the 19th century?

d) Why did Lytton organize a Durbar?

e) What led to the decline of havelis?





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f) Write about the Lahori gate improvement Scheme. Who planned it and for

whom?

g) When was Delhi Improvement Trust set up? Mention its work.

h) Discuss the causes of decline of small cities during the British rule?

i) What changes were introduced in the old city in 19th century?

j) Why is the period from 1830 – 1857 known as the period of Delhi

Renaissance?

k) What steps were taken to decongest the walled city of Delhi?

l) How did the life of the refugees change after the partition?

m) Why was the Viceroy‟s palace higher than Jama Masjid?

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Chapter : Civilizing The Native, Educating The Nation

I Complete the following sentences.

(a) ………………… founded the Asiatic society of Bengal

(b) English education was introduced the year ………………

(c) Shanti Niketan was established by …………………

(d) …………………. said that English education has enslaved us.

(e) ……………………. attacked the Orientalists.

(f) ……………………. was established in Banaras in 1791.

(g) …………………. felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of

teaching.

(h) Upto mid nineteenth century, the Company was concerned with

………………. education.

(i) Pathshalas which accepted new rules where supported through ……………….

grants.


(a) What was the condition of Pathshalas during the British rule?





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(b) Which journal was started by William Jones?

(c) Who were the founders of the Asiatic society of Bengal?

(d) What kind of an attitude did Jones and Colebrook came to represent towards

India?

(e) What were the criticisms against the Orientalist vision of learning?

(f) How did James Mill attack the Orientalists?

(g) When was the English education Act introduced?

(h) What did the Wood‟s Dispatch of 1854 emphasize?

(i) When and where were universities established in India?

(j) How did Mahatma Gandhi view colonial education?

(k) Where were the differences between Gandhiji and Rabindranath Tagore

regarding education?

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Chapter : Women Caste And Reforms


(a) Self Respect Movement was started by ………………..

(b) Arya Samaj was founded by ……………….

(c) Temple Entry Movement was started by……………….

(d) Satyashodhak Samaj was started by ………………………..

(e) Prathana samaj was established in ………………………..

(f) ……………….. reinterpreted verses from the Koran to argue for women‟s

education.

(g) Satnami movement in central India was founded by ………………….

(h) Tarabai Shinde published a book …………………. criticizing social

differences between men and women.





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(i) In 1873 ……………… wrote a book named Gulamgiri meaning slavery.

(j) Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded a reform association known as ………………

samaj.

(k) In the year ……………. sati was banned.


(a) What do you understand by the term „Sati‟?

(b) Write about the reforms of Ram Mohan Ray.

(c) How did Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar change the lives of widows?

(d) Write about the contributions of Begum Rokeya and Pandita Ramabai.

(e) When was Prathana Samaj established? What did it work for?

(f) Write about Aligarh movement.

(g) Who started the temple entry movement?

(h) Who wrote the book Gulamgiri? What does the word Gulamgiri mean?

(i) Write about the reform of Raja Ram Mohan Roy ?

(j) Write about the Aligarh movement.

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Chapter : The Making Of The National Movement : 1870s-1947


(a) ……………….. was the founder of Indian National Congress.

(b) Simon Commission came to India in ……………….

(c) Rowlatt Act was passed in ……………………………

(d) Kesari was edited by ………………………………..

(e) Muslim league was formed in …………………

(f) ………………… expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing

his ………………….





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(g) ………………. was the India‟s first Governor General.

(h) ……………….. day was observed on 26th Januaruy 1930 all over the country.

(i) ………………. was the founder of Khudai Khidmatgar.

(j) The Indian Act of 1935 prescribed …………………. autonomy.

(k) Congress split in the year …………………..


A. Which was the first all India struggle against the British government?

B. Mention Gandhiji‟s early experiments with Satyagraha in India.

C. Why did Gandhiji call off the Non–cooperation movement?

D. What did Rabindranath Tagore do as a reaction to Jallian Wallah Bagh

Massacre?

E. What was the significance of the Lucknow Pact?

F. What was the Swadeshi movement in Andhra Pradesh known as?

G. Which extremist leader said „Freedom is my birth right and I shall have it?

H. Who were the leaders of Khilafat agitation?

I. When and by whom was the Muslim League set up?

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MMAAPP WWOORRKK





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(1885- Formation

of INC)

(1942- Quit India

Movement)





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CIVICS MODULE

Module – 1 & 2

THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Contents:

Why does a country need a Constitution?

The Indian Constitution: key features

Activity:

Download the information about the constitution of Nepal.


To enable the students to:

Develop an understanding of the Rule of Law and our involvement with the

law.

To make the students understand the vision and the values of the constitution.

Develop links between the values/ ideas of democracy and the institutional

forms and processes associated with it.

To develop an appreciation of human rights guaranteed in the Constitution.

Key Terms:

Dowry Prohibition Act, Untouchability Offences, Sovereign, Socialist, Secular,

Democratic, Republic.

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Module – 3, 4 & 5

WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT

Contents:

Why should people decide?

People and their

representatives.

The Role of Parliament.

Who are the people in Parliament?





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To understand why India chose a Parliamentary form of Govt.

To gain a sense/rationale of the essential elements of the Parliamentary form

of Govt.

Analyse the role of people‟s agency in placing demands for legislation.

To understand the role of the members of the Parliament.

To understand the ways in which the Govt. and other groups respond to such

issues.

Key Terms:

Discretionary, Insolvent, Executive, Legislative, Judiciary, Nominate,

Summons.

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Module – 6, 7 & 8

JUDICIARY

Contents:

What is the Role of the Judiciary?

What is an Independent Judiciary?

What is the structure of courts in India?

Activity Page 60, 65 of the text book.

What are the different branches of the legal system?

Does everyone have access to the courts?


To enable the students to understand the main elements of our Judicial

structure.

To appreciate the need for the processes followed.

To distinguish between civil and criminal cases.

To understand the role of the Public Prosecutor.

Key Terms:

Appellate Jurisdiction, Writ Jurisdiction, Session Judge, Public Prosecutor.





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Module – 9 & 10

Revision For Half Yearly Examination

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Module – 11 & 12 (ACTIVITY BASED)

ECONOMIC PRESENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT. PUBLIC FACILITIES

Contents:

Water and the people of Chennai

Water as part of the Fundamental Right of life

The Government‟s Role

Water supply to Chennai: Is it available to all?

In search of Alternatives

Conclusion


To enable the students to think about the role of government in the economic

sphere.

To see some links between people‟s aspiration or needs and the role of govt.

To explain how the Govt. is engaged in the developmental activities,

especially in the infrastructure and social sectors.

To explain why we need the Govt., how is the provision done, what is the

impact upon the people.

Key Terms:

Public Sector, Private Sector, Social infrastructure, Literacy.

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Module – 13 & 14

UNDERSTANDING MARGINALIZATION

Contents:

What does it mean to be socially marginalized?

Who are Adivasis?

Adivasis and stereotyping.

Minorities and Marginalized.





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It will enable, the child to learn of about the experiences of inequality of

inequality and discrimination faced by certain groups.

The child to learn about some ways in which groups and individuals

challenged existing in equalities.

Key Terms:

Hierarchy, Ghettoisation, Mainstream, Displaced

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Module – 15

UNDERSTANDING MARGINALIZATION

Contents:

Muslims and Marginalization

Fundamental Rights.

Laws for the Marginalized

Conclusion


This will enable a child to learn that;

Many marginalized groups like Adivasis, Dalits, Muslims, Women look up to

the constitution to address their concerns.

How rights are translated into laws to protect groups from continued

exploitation and the governments efforts to formulate policies to promote the

access of these groups to development.

Key Terms:

Militarized, Malnourished

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Module – 16 & 17

CONFRONTING MARGINALIZATION

Contents:

Protecting the Rights of Dalits and Adivasis.





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The scheduled castes and the scheduled Tribes.

Adivasi demands and the 1989 Act.

Conclusion


To understand what is meant by marginalized group.

To explain how SC and ST, OBC minorities are a part in it.

To understand various forms of social inequality.

To gain an understanding of social and economic injustices.

To develop skills to analyze an argument from the marginalized point of view.

Key Terms:

Assertive, Confront, Disposed, Ostracize, Morally Reprehensible, Policy

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Module – 18 Revision For Annual Examination

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CIVICS ASSIGNMENTS

Chapter: INDIAN CONSTITUTION

A. Write True or False for each statement. Rewrite the False statements:

a) All the Fundamental Rights are available to both, the citizens as well as non-

citizens.

b) The practice of untouchability has been made illegal.

c) Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression does not mean that we can say

what ever we like.

d) Each citizen of India has the freedom to practice and spread his religion.

B. Fill in the blanks :

a) Social democracy means _________in every field of life.

b) In a _______ state, the state favours a particular religion.

c) ________ is a system of Government that is chosen by the people and is also

answerable; to the people.

d) To ensure progress of our country, spreading _______ and developing

________ becomes an absolute necessity.

C. Answer the following questions briefly:

a) Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

b) What is a secular state? How is it different form a „theocratic state‟? Give

examples.

c) Explain the Right to Freedom granted by our Constitution.

d) Define the term „Democratic Republic‟.

e) How many amendments has our Constitution made till date?

f) What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of the elected

representatives?

g) Write three differences between the „Lok Sabha‟ & „Rajya Sabha‟.

h) The column on the left, lists some key features of the Indian Constitution. In

the other column, write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think,

this feature is important:-

KEY FEATURE SIGNIFICANCE

1. Federalism _________________________

2. Separation of Powers _________________________

3. Fundamental Rights _________________________

4. Parliamentary Form of Government _________________________





32

D. Short & long answer questions:

(a) What is constitution?

(b) What purposes does the constitution serve?

(c) Why the people of Nepal want to adopt a new constitution?

(d) What are the key features of the Indian Constitution?

(e) Write the fundamental rights that have been included in the Indian

Constitution?

(f) According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, what are the objectives of fundamental

rights?

(g) Write a short note on Directive Principles of State Policy?

Chapter: WHY DO WE NEED A PARLIAMENT

A. Fill in the blanks :

a) In a Parliamentary system, the government is answerable to the _____.

b) Seats in the Rajya Sabha are allotted to each state on the basis of ________.

c) _________ is the government‟s annual financial statement.

d) A Money Bill can be introduced only in the _________.

e) The President‟s term of office is _________ years.

f) The President sends his resignation in writing to the _______.

g) The Council of Ministers is headed by ________.

h) A Money Bill can be introduced only in the _____.

i) State List includes ________ items.

B. Answer these questions briefly:-

a) Distinguish between a Money Bill and an Ordinary Bill.

b) Find out who is the present Vice-President of India.

c) Name the only President to have held office for 2 terms.

d) Explain the role of the Parliament in detail.

e) Write the differences between „Criminal Law‟ & „Civil Law‟.

f) What are the functions of the Lok Sabha?

g) Explain the terms:

a. Universal Adult Franchise

b. Constituency





33

C. Short & long answer questions:

(a) Why and when in India the demand for the elected members in the legislature

were made?

(b) Why the nationalist movement supported the idea that all adults must have a

right to vote?

(c) How do the individuals give approval to the government?

(d) How elections to the parliament are held in India?

(e) What are the functions of the parliament?

(f) Write a short note on the following –

Executive

Coalition Government

Rajya Sabha

(g) Who are the people in parliament?

==============================================

Chapter: JUDICIARY

A. Fill in the blanks :

a) A Supreme Court judge can only be removed by _______.

b) Cases concerning the Fundamental Rights are decided by _________.

c) Swift and inexpensive justice is provided by __________.

d) The small courts in the rural areas covering 3 or 4 villages are ___________.

e) Lawsuits are filed in the courts to obtain ________.

f) There are ______ and ________ courts.

g) Cases concerning ____ and _______ fall under civil courts.

h) The amount of fine depends on the _______ as well as ________ of a judge.

B. Answer these questions:-

a) Why do you think, an independent judiciary is necessary to carry out the

function of upholding the law & enforcing fundamental rights?

b) Why do we need courts?

c) In the following illustration, fill in each tier with the judgements given by the

various courts in the Sudha Goel case.





34

d) Write notes on :

The „Appellate‟ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

C. Short & long answer questions:

(a) What are the main functions of the Judiciary?

(b) What is an independent judiciary? Why is it important?

(c) What in the structure of courts in India?

(d) What are the different branches of the legal system? What are the significant

differences between them?

(e) Does everyone have access to courts in India?

(f) Why do you think the Introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the

1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?

(g) Have Court Judgments been always in the best interests of the common

people?

(h) Do you think Judiciary has played a crucial role in India?

==============================================

Chapter: PUBLIC FACILITIES [ACTIVITY BASED]

==============================================

Chapter: UNDERSTANDING MARGINALISATION

A. Short & long answer questions:

(a) Write in your own words what do you understand by term Marginalisation?

(b) Who are Adivasis?

(c) Write in brief about the religious believes of Adivasis?

(d) What types of stereotypes are associated with the Adivasi Communities?

SUPREME

COURT

HIGH COURT

LOWER COURT





35

(e) How Adivasis used to live during the pre- colonial world and why have their

living conditions changed after colonization?

(f) Which factors have been responsible for the forced migration of Adivasis from

their homeland?

(g) List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized.

(h) What do you understand by the term minority?

(i) Why do you think the constitution‟s safeguards to protect minority

communities are very important?

(j) Why Muslims are considered to be a marginalized community in India?

(k) Explain the terms „Scheduled Caste‟ & „Scheduled Tribes‟.

(l) What do you understand by the term „Dalit‟?

==============================================

Chapter: CONFRONTING MARGINALISATION

A. Answer the following questions:

a) What do you understand by the term Minorities?

b) Would you agree with the statement that economic and social marginalization

are interlinked? Why?

c) List two fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to

insist that they be treated with dignity and as equals.

d) Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalized?

e) Why is it important that Adivasis should have a say in how their forests and

forest lands are to be used?

f) Why was the 1989 Act important and why was it framed?

g) What are the different levels of crimes listed in the Act of 1989?

h) State one reason why you think reservation plays an important role in

providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis.

i) Which articles of the Constitution abolish untouchability?

B. Short & long answer questions:

(a) What strategies have been adopted by the marginalized groups to overcome

their situation?

(b) How the fundamental rights have been drawn on or used by the

marginalized?





36

(c) Write a short note on the following:-

(i) Article 17

(ii) Article 15

(d) Which fundamental right has drawn upon by the minority groups to preserve

their cultural distinctiveness and how?

(e) What measures are being taken by the government to promote social justice in

the Indian Society?

(f) How does the reservation policy work?

(g) Examine the circumstances which led to the formation of the law “The

Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,

1989”.

(h) List several levels of crimes that have been incorporated in „The Scheduled

Caste and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act of 1989‟.

(i) Why do Adivasi activists including CK Janu, believes that Adivasis can also

use the act of 1989 to fight against dispossession?

Is there anything specific in the provisions of the Act that allows her to believe

this?

==============================================

Revision For Annual Examinations

==============================================





37

GEOGRAPHY MODULE

Module – 1 & 2

AN INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL RESOURCES

Contents :

I. Resources

II. Types of Resources : Natural, human made & human

III. Classification of Natural Resources :

Biotic and Abiotic

Renewable- Non-renewable

Actual - Potential

Ubiquitous & Localised

Conservation of Resources

Learning Objectives :

Recognize the importance of resources

Classification based on utility and origin.

Importance of conservation.

Key Terms :

Exhaustible and Inexhaustible resources, Sustainable development.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 3

LAND

Contents :

Land use in selected countries

Landslides

Soil, factors of soil formation

Degradation of soil

Conservation of soil


Importance of land for biotic and abiotic community.

To know land use and causes of land degradation.

Utility of soils

Importance of soil conservation.





38

Key Terms :

Landslides, Land degradation, Desertification, Khaddar, Bangar, Regur,

Leaching, Contour Farming, Crop-rotation, Terrace farming, Shelter belts,

Afforestation, Water cycle, Multi-purpose projects.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 4

WATER RESOURCE

Contents :

Water as renewable resource

Importance and uses of water

Problems of water availability

Conservation of Water resource


Importance and conservation of water resources.

Key Terms :

Rain water harvesting, Drip and Sprinkle irrigation.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 5

NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE

Contents :

Natural Vegetation

Types of forests and wildlife

Conservation of Forests and Wildlife.


Location and characteristics of different vegetation types.

Factors that cause their occurences - mainly climate and relief.

Importance of conserving natural vegetation - for maintaining an ecological

balance.

How the animal life found in various regions are in tune with the climate,

vegetation and relief of that region.

Animals and their habitat. Special focus on wild life of India.





39

Need to conserve wild life.

Key Terms :

Biosphere, Natural Ecosystem, Deciduous, National Park, Biosphere Reserve,

Endangered and Extinct Species

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 6

MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

Contents :

Metallic and Non metallic minerals.

Methods of mining.

Quality and distribution of minerals in the world and India


Grades and regions of minerals like Iron, Copper, Gold, Bauxite, Manganese.

Mining techniques like open cast and deep shaft mining.

Key Terms :

Open cast mining, shaft mining drilling and quarring

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 7


Contents :

Uses and Conservation of minerals

Power resources Conventional sources, Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas.

Power resources in the world.


Power resources will be studied under two types- Conventional and Non

conventional resources. Significance of each will be comprehended.

Key Terms :

Renewable and Non renewable resources.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~





40

Module – 8


Contents :

Hydro Power

Non-conventional source of energy- Solar, Wind, Nuclear, Geothermal, Tidal

and Biogas


Students can differentiate between

How the non-conventional sources of energy out weigh the conventional

ones.

Distribution of minerals and power resources in the world.

Key Terms :

Non renewable resources, Nuclear, Geothermal energy, Off shore drilling.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 9

Agriculture

Contents :

Farm system Types of farming


Students can differentiate between

Shifting- Sedentary farming

Subsistance-Commercial farming

Intensive- Extensive farming

Mixed – Plantation Farming

Key Terms :

Jhumming, Truck farming, Granaries of the world.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 10

Revision For Half Yearly Examinations

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~





41

Module – 11

MAJOR CROPS

Contents :

Major crops like Rice, Wheat, Millets, Maize, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute, Tea,

Coffee, Rubber

Learning Objectives

Food crops and Fibre crops have different physical requirements and also

grow in different parts of the world. Geographical conditions necessary for the

growth of the crops and the regions in which they are cultivated.

Key Terms

Kharif, Rabi, Ratooning, Retting, Latex.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 12

CASE STUDIES

Contents :

Case studies of farming practices in India and the USA.

Learning Objectives

Make a comprehensive study of the agriculture practiced in India -intensive

and that in the USA. –extensive.

Key Terms

Subsistence, Commercial, Green revolution, White revolution, Silos.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 13

INDUSTRIES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Contents :

Defining the term Industry

Classification of industries on the basis of

a) Size - large scale

Small scale

Cottage industry





42

b) Ownership- Public sector

Private sector

Joint sector.

c) Raw material- Forest based

Mineral based

Agro based

Pastoral based.


The word Industry has acquired a new meaning in today‟s world.

Classification done on different basis.

Students should be able to give examples for each and also distinguish

between them.

Key Terms:

Cottage industry, Large scale, Small scale, Public, Private and Joint sector

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 14

MAJOR INDUSTRIES

Contents :

Factors that influence the location of industries.

Availability of Raw material

Availability of Power

Skilled and Unskilled labour

Availability of Transport

Capital

Market.


Once the factors responsible for the location of industries are understood,

students will appreciate why only a few regions of the world have emerged as

industrial areas.

Key Terms:

Raw-material, Skilled and Unskilled labour, Perishable products.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~





43

Module – 15

MAJOR INDUSTRIES

Contents :

Studying basic industries namely:

Iron & Steel.

Tata Iron & Steel – Jameshedpur

Iron & Steel – Pittisburgh

Cotton Textile Industry – Ahmedabad and Osaka.

Information Technology


Why these industries are termed as basic. Significance of these industries in

the economic development of a country.

Key Terms:

Basic industry, Consumer Industry.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 16 & 17

HUMAN RESOURCES

Contents :

Importance of Human Resource. World density and distribution of population.

Factors influencing population distribution.

Growth of population over the century.

Composition of population(quality of people).

Indicators like –

Sex ratio.

Age composition.

Rural-Urban distribution.

Literacy level.

Improving Social Structure and Welfare Schemes.


To realize human beings as the greatest resources by knowing their

quantitative and qualitative value.

To know the reasons for uneven distribution of population and density.





44

To understand the important components of population compositions which

directly indicate the status of development of a region.

Key Terms:

Birth rate, Death rate, Growth rate, Life expectancy, Population density,

Census, Sex ratio, Dependent population, Literacy, Productive population,

Rural-urban divide

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Module – 18

Revision For Annual Examination

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

==============================================





45

GEOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENTS

RESOURCES

Q.1. Choose the correct option:

a) Which of the following resources are non-renewable but can be recycled?

(i) Coal (ii) water (iii) wood (iv) iron

b) Sustainable development seeks to prevent

(i) Wastage of resources (ii) Pollution

(iii) Loss of biodiversity (iv) All of these.

c) Technology is

(i) Natural resource (ii) Manmade resource (iii) None of these

d) Which of the following is an inexhaustible resource?

(i) Forests (ii) Wildlife (iii) Sunlight (iv) Fossil fuel

Q.2. Classify resources on the basis of origin. Furnish with examples.

Q.3. What steps must be taken to conserve resources?

Q.4. Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable resources.

Q.5. Write some principles of Sustainable Development.

Q.6. What is human resource development?

Q.7. In the recent years there is acute shortage of water, what values should we need to

inculcate among us to solve this problem? Find out any two innovative ways for its

conservation.

==============================================

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wild Life Resources

Q.1. Physical features play an important role in distribution of population. Explain with

examples.

Q.2. Define Landuse. What are the major determinants of landuse pattern?

Q.3. Explain the factors that influence the formation of soil.

Q.4. Explain some methods of soil conservation.





46

Q.5. Differentiate between Evergreen and Deciduous forests.

Q.6. How has land use pattern changed with time?

Q.7. Mention some broad mitigation techniques of landslides.

Q.8. Explain the distribution of water. How much it is available for human consumption?

Q.9. Water shortage is the main problem in today‟s world. What are the causes of it and

how it can be handled?

Q.10. What are the uses of water? What factors responsible for water pollution?

Q.11. What is the importance of plants?

Q.12. What is the importance of wild life?

Q.13. Explain the steps taken to conserve plants & animals.

Q.14. Talk to your elders and list the changes that have taken place in your locality in last

15 years.

==============================================

Mineral And Power Resources

Q.1. Explain the following methods of mining:

a) Open cast mining

b) Shaft mining

c) Drilling

d) Quarrying

Q.2. Mention various uses of minerals

Q.3. Explain how can the following non conventional sources of energy be obtained:

a) Solar

b) Wind

c) Nuclear Power

d) Geothermal

e) Tidal

f) Biogas

Q.4. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of following conventional sources of

energy:

a) Oil

b) Natural gas

c) Fire wood

d) Coal

e) Tidal Power





47

Q.5. What is the other name given to petroleum? Name some of it derivatives.

Q.6. Define fossil fuel.

==============================================

MAP WORK





48





49





50





51





52

Agriculture

Q.1. What do you understand by arable land ?

Q.2. What are the inputs of a farm system? Name the operations involved in it.

Q.3. Distinguish between-

a) Shifting agriculture and Nomadic herding.

b) Commercial agriculture and Mixed farming

Q.4. What is organic farming?

Q.5. Name the Beverage crops and write the conditions required for their growth.

Q.6. Compare the farm in India with that in U.S.A.

Q.7. Compare the climatic conditions required for the cultivation of rice and wheat.

Q.8. What is agricultural development & how it is achieved.

Q.9. What is plantation agriculture?

Q.10. What are the negative effects of pesticides and insecticides? Find out their harmful

effects of them on our body.

==============================================

Manufacturing Industries

Q.1. Define secondary activities with example.

Q.2. Describe three ways of classifying industries. Name the types of industries under

each category. Give two examples of each.

Q.3. What is the importance of textile industry in India?

Q.4. What factors have led to the development of textile industries in Ahmedabad?

Q.5. Where and when was the first textile mill in India established?

Q.6. What do you understand by an Industrial region? Where they should be located?

Q.7. What do you understand by industrial system? Which processes are involved in it?

Q.8. Name some human made fibres.

Q.9. Which two varieties of cotton of India were famous in ancient time?

Q.10. Name four industrial regions in India and major industries of each/.





53

Q.11. What raw materials are required to produce one tonne of steel?

Q.12. Name the major iron and steel producing centres of India.

Q.13. Write a note on TISCO and Pittsburgh iron and steel plant.

Q.14. Name four important textile producers in the world.

Q.15. State some problems of cotton textile industry.

Q.16. Why traditional cotton mills of India could not face the competition from the new

mills of the west?

==============================================





54

MAPS





55





56





57





58





59

Human Resources

Q.1. Why is the study of population necessary?

Q.2. Distinguish between birth rate and death rate.

Q.3. What does the age composition of the population reveal?

Q.4. Define Immigration and Emigration.

Q.5. Give two causes for the unfavourable sex-ratio in our country.

==============================================

Revision For Annual Examinations

==============================================





60

MODEL TEST PAPER SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-I

(Unsolved)

Time : 2 hrs 30 min. ___ Marks : 80

HISTORY- [30]

Q.1. Fill in the blanks: [½ × 6 = 3]

(i) In 1757, ___________ led the company‟s army against Sirajudaulah at

Plassey.

(ii) Holt Mackenzie devised the ___________ system which came into effect in

1822.

(iii) Bahadur Shah Jafar and his wife Zeenat Mahal were sent to prison to

________ in 1858.

(iv) Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year __________.

(v) Nij and Ryoti were the two main systems of __________ cultivation.

(vi) __________ led the revolt in Bihar.

Q.2. Define the following: [1×4= 4]

(i) Mahal

(ii) Matchlock

(iii) Musket

(iv) Impeachment

Q.3. Correct the wrong answer: [1×3= 3]

(i) Tipu Sultan established a close relationship with the Portuguese in India and

modernised his army with their help.

(ii) Dalhousie was the Governor General of India when the permanent settlement

was introduced.

(iii) After 1840, the Company allowed Christian Missionaries to function freely in

its domain and even own land and property.

Q.4. On the basis of the given picture answer the following questions: [1+3= 4]

(i) Identify and name the person.





61

(ii) Write about the policy devised by him.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in short. [2 × 3= 6]

(i) Mention the consequences of the crises that gripped Bengal?

(ii) What benefits were given by the British to the newly converted Christians?

(iii) Explain the major features of the Doctrine of Lapse.

Q.6. Answer the following questions in detail: (Any two) [3 × 2= 6]

(i) Discuss the changes that occurred in the composition of Company‟s Army.

(ii) Mention the causes of the Revolt of 1857.

(iii) Mention the problems created by Permanent Settlement.

Q.7. Mark the following places on the physical Map of India (Answers & marking to be

done on the map only): [1×4= 4]

(i) Any one presidency.

(ii) The place where Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt.

(iii) Any one place of Ryotwari settlement.

(iv) The place where Rani Laxmi Bai led the revolt.

CIVICS- [20]

Q.1. Fill in the blanks: [½×4= 2]

(i) __________ is the court at the apex level.





62

(ii) EVMs were used for the first time in ______

(iii) The seven northeast states have a common High Court at _________.

(iv) __________ means that all adult citizens in the country are allowed to vote.


(i) Rajya Sabha

(ii) Eviction

(iii) Acquit

(iv) Approval

Q.3. Give reasons: [2×2= 4]

(i) Why in India the demand for the elected members in the legislature was

made?

(ii) Have court judgments been always in the best interests of the common

people?

Q.4. Answers the following questions: [2×2= 4]

(i) What is the structure of courts in India?

(ii) Why did the nationalist movement support the idea that all adults must have

a right to vote?

Q.5. Answer the following questions: (Any two) [3×2= 6]

(i) How are elections to the parliament held in India?

(ii) What are the main functions of the Judiciary?

(iii) Write a short note on Public Interest Litigation or PIL.

GEOGRAPHY- [30]

Q.1. Fill in the blanks: [½ × 6= 3]

(i) _________ and _________ are in making people a valuable resource.

(ii) On the basis of ownership land can be classified as __________ land and

__________ land.

(iii) An international convention _________ has been established that lists several

species of _________ and birds in which trade is prohibited.





63

Q.2. Define any 3 of the following: [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Technology

(ii) Open cast mining

(iii) Shelter belts

(iv) Fossil fuel

Q.3. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, write the correct

answer. [3]

(i) An exclusive right over any idea or invention is known as patent.

(ii) A dripping tap wastes 12 litres of water in a year.

(iii) A rock which contains copper will look orange in colour.

(iv) It takes hundreds of years to make just one cm of soil.

Q.4. Observe the picture and answer the following questions:

(i) What does the picture show? [1]

(ii) Which was the first country in the world to develop this type of energy?[1]

(iii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of it. [2]

Q.5. Answer the following questions briefly: [2×4= 8]

(i) Classify resources on the basis of their distribution. Explain them with one

example of each.





64

(ii) What do you understand by ores? Where are the ores of metallic minerals

generally located?

(iii) Explain the distribution of water in the world. How much of it is available for

the human use?

(iv) Distinguish between ferrous and non ferrous minerals along with examples.

Q.6. Answer any three of the following questions in detail: [3×3= 9]

(i) Explain any three steps taken by the Government to conserve plants and

animals.

(ii) What is sustainable development? Also explain four principles of it.

(iii) „Plants are important for everyone‟. Explain it in detail.

(iv) Why petroleum is referred as „Black Gold‟? Explain its two advantages and

disadvantages.

==============================================





65


(Solved)

Time : 2 hrs 30 min. ___ Marks : 80

HISTORY- [30]


(i) After the Battle of Buxar, the company appointed _________ in Indian states.

(ii) ________ print was created by weavers of Andhra Pradesh in India.

(iii) ________ was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao.

(iv) The principle figure in an Indian district was the ________.

(v) Being a plant of the __________ zone, woad was more easily available in

Europe.

(vi) After the Mutiny of 1857, the Governor General of India was given the title of

_________.


(i) Plantation

(ii) Mercantile

(iii) Dharmashastras

(iv) Bigha

Q.3. Correct the wrong answer: [1×3= 3]

(i) In 1856 Governor- General Dalhousie decided that Bahadur Shah Jafar would

be the last Mughal King.

(ii) Floral cotton print was designed and produced by Thomas Munro.

(iii) After the defeat at Plassey, Sirajudaulah was assasinated and Mir Qasim was

made the Nawab of Bengal.

Q.4. On the basis of the given picture answer the following questions: [1+3= 4]

(i) Identify and name the person.

(ii) Write any 3 features of the system devised by him.





66

Q.5. Answer the following questions in short: [2×3= 6]

(i) Mention the consequences of the economic crises that gripped Bengal?

(ii) How was the company able to suppress the revolt of 1857?

(iii) Explain the system of subsidiary alliance?


(i) Explain the causes responsible for the failure of revolt of 1857?

(ii) What were the problems with the Nij cultivation?

(iii) How did trade lead to battles?

Q.7. Mark the following places on the physical Map of India (Answers & marking to be

done on the map only): [1×4= 4]

(i) The place where first English factory was established.

(ii) The place where Gandhi led the movement against the Indigo planters.

(iii) The place where Mangal Pandey led the revolt.

(iv) One place of permanent settlement.

CIVICS- [20]

Q.1. Fill in the blanks: [½×4= 2]

(i) Situation in which there are no easy solutions _________.

(ii) __________ is a significant function of the Parliament.

(iii) __________ refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty.

(iv) Currently there are ___________ High Courts in India.


(i) Compensation

(ii) Coalition

(iii) Executive

(iv) To appeal

Q.3. Give reasons: [2×2= 4]

(i) Judiciary has played a crucial role in India.

(ii) Why is it important to have independent Judiciary?





67

Q.4. Answers the following questions: [2×2= 4]

(i) How does the individual give approval to the government?

(ii) Who are the people in the parliament?

Q.5. Answers the following questions: (Any two) [3×2= 6]

(i) Does everyone have access to the courts in India?

(ii) What are the functions of the Parliament?

(iii) What are the main functions of the Judiciary?

GEOGRAPHY- [30]


(i) _________ and _________ are the qualities that make an object or substance a

resource.

(ii) It takes __________ of years to make just __________ centimeter of soil.

(iii) __________ is a popular eco-friendly automobile fuel as it causes less

_________ than petroleum and diesel.

Q.2. Define any 3 of the following: [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Stock of Resource

(ii) Biosphere reserve

(iii) Shaft mining

(iv) Fossil fuel

Q.3. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, write the correct

answer. [3]

(i) Application of latest knowledge and skill is called patent.

(ii) Time determines the thickness of soil profile.

(iii) France was the first country in the world to develop hydroelectricity.

(iv) Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7 percent.

Q.4. Observe the picture and answer the following questions:





68

(i) What does the picture show? [1]

(ii) Which country has the largest power plant of this energy? [1]

(iii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of it. [2]

Q.5. Answer the following questions briefly: [2×4= 8]

(i) Classify resources on the basis of their development and use. Also explain

them giving an example of each.

(ii) How has landuse pattern changed with time?

(iii) Distinguish between metallic and non metallic minerals along with

examples.

(iv) Which country built the first tidal energy station? Mention any two

disadvantages of tidal energy.

Q.6. Answer any three of the following questions in detail: [3×3= 9]

(i) Define sustainable developments. Write any four principles of sustainable

development.

(ii) Write any three mitigation mechanism of landslides.

(iii) Explain three methods of soil conservation.

(iv) Write three advantages and disadvantages of wind energy.

==============================================





69


(ANSWERS)

HISTORY- [30]

Q.1. (i) Resident (ii) Kalamkari (iii) Nana Saheb (iv) Collector

(v) Temperate (vi) Viceroy

Q.2.

(i) Plantation: A large farm operated by a planter employing various forms of

forced labour.

(ii) Mercantile: A business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade

buying cheap goods and selling them at higher prices.

(iii) Dharmashastras: Sanskrit texts prescribing social rules and codes of

behaviour composed from 500 BCE onwards.

(iv) Bigha: A unit of measurement of land. Before British rule, the size of this

area varied. In Bengal the British standardised it to about one- third of an

acre.

Q.3.

(i) In 1856 Governor General Canning decide that Bahadur Shah Jafar would be

the last Mughal king.

(ii) Floral cotton print was designed and produced by William Morris.

(iii) After the defeat at Plassey Sirajudaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was

made the Nawab of Bengal.

Q.4.

(i) Thomas Munro





70

(ii)

(a) Read and Munro felt that in the south there were no traditional

zamindars so the settlement had to be made directly with the

cultivators, who had tilled the land for generations.

(b) Their fields had to tbe carefully and separately surveyed before the

revenue assessment.

(c) Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figure

protecting the ryots under their charge.

Q.5.

(i)

(a) Artisans were deserting villages since they were being forced to sell

their goods to the company at low prices.

(b) Peasants were unable to pay the dues that were being demanded from

them.

(c) Artisanal production was in decline and agricultural cultivation

showed signs of collapse.

(ii) (a)Extra troops from Britain: It brought reinforcements from England, passed

new laws so that the rebels could be convicted with ease.

(b) Incentive to landlords: The British tried their best to win back the loyalty

of the people. They announced rewards for loyal landholders.

(c) Rebels treated with sympathy- Those who had rebelled were told that if

they submitted to the British and if they had not killed white people they

would remain safe.

(iii)

(a) According to the terms of the alliance Indians rulers were not allowed

to have their independent armed forces.





71

(b) They were to be protected by the company, but had to pay for the

subsidiary forces.

(c) If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their

territory was taken away as penalty.

Q.6.

(i)

(a) Premature outbreak of the revolt.

(b) Lack of resources.

(c) Lack of common cause.

(d) British deplomacy

(ii)

(a) The planters found it difficult to expand the area under cultivation.

(b) Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile lands.

(c) Not was labour easy to mobilise. A large plantation required a vast

number of hands to operate.

(d) Labour was needed precisely at a time when peasants were busy with

their rice- cultivation.

(iii)

(a) The Bengal Nawab refused to grant the company concessions,

demanded large tribute for the company‟s right to trade.

(b) Accusing the company of deceit, they claimed that the company was

depriving the Bengal government of huge amount of revenue.

(c) The company declared that unjust demand of local officials were

ruining the trade of company.





72

CIVICS- [30]

Q.1. (i) Unresolved (ii) Law- making (iii) Acquit (iv) 21

Q.2.

(i) Compensation: This refers to money given to make amends for an injury or

loss.

(ii) Coalition: A temporary alliance of groups or parties. It refers to the alliance

formed by political parties after elections when no party has been able to get

adequate seats to form a clear majority.

(iii) Executive: The executive is a group of persons who work together to

implement the laws made by the parliament. This executive is often what we

have in mind when we use the term government.

(iv) To appeal: This refers to a petition field before a higher court to hear a case

that has already been decided by a lower court.

Q.3.

(i) (a) There is no denying that the judiciary has played a crucial role in

democratic India, serving as a check on the powers of the executive and the

legislative as well as in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens.

(b) The members of the constituent assembly had quite correctly envisioned a

system of courts with an independent judiciary as a key feature of our

democracy.

(ii) (a) One aspect of this independence is the „separation of powers‟. This is a

key feature of the constitution. What this means here is that other branches

of the state like the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in the

work of the judiciary. The courts aren‟t under the government, and don‟t act

on their behalf.





73

(b) For the above separation to work it is also crucial that all judges in the

high court as well as the supreme court are appointed with very little

interference from these other branches of government once appointed to this

office, it is also very difficult to remove a judge.

Q.4.

(i) (a) One way of doing so, is through elections. People would elect their

representatives to the Parliament then, one group from among these elected

representatives from the government.

(b) The parliament which is made up of all representatives together, controls

and guides the government. In this sense people- through their chosen

representatives form the government and also control it.

(ii) (a) The parliament now has more and more people from different back

grounds. For example there are more rural members and also members from

many regional parties.

(b) There has also been an increase in political participation from the Dalit

and backward castes and minorities.

Q.5.

(i) (a) In principle all citizens of India can access the courts in this country. This

implies that every citizen has a right to justice through the courts. The courts

play a significant role in protecting our fundamental rights. If any citizen

believes that their rights are bring. violated then they can approach the court

for justice to be done.

(b) While the courts are available for all, in reality access to courts has always

been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India. Legal procedures

involve a lot of money and paper work as well as take up a lot of time. For a





74

poor person who cannot read and whose family depends on a daily wage, the

idea of going to court to get justice often seams remote.

(c) Another issue that affects the common person‟s access to justice is the

inordinately long number of years that courts take to hear a case. The phrase

„Justice delayed is justice denied‟ is often used to characterize this extended

time period that courts take.

(ii) (a) To select national government- One of the most important functions of

the Lok Sabha is to select the executive.

The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the ruling party in the Lok

Sabha. From the MPs who belong to her party, the Prime Minister selects

ministers to work with her to implement decisions. These ministers then take

charge of different areas of government functioning like health, education,

finance etc.

(b) To control guide and Inform the government- The Parliament, while in

session, begins with a question hour.

This is a very important way through which the parliament controls the

executive. By asking questions government is alerted to its shortcomings, and

also comes to know the opinion of the people through their representatives in

the parliament, i.e. the MPs.

(c) Law making- Law making is a significant function of the parliament. An

important role of parliament is to be sensitive to the problems faced by

people.

(iii) (a) Courts take decisions on a very large number of issues.

(b) Dispute resolution- The judicial system provides a mechanism for

resolving disputes between citizens and between citizens government,

between two state governments and between the center and state government.





75

(c) Judicial review- As the final interpreter of the constitution, the judiciary

also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the parliament if

it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the constitution.

This is called judicial review.

(iv) Upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights- Every citizen of

India can approach the Supreme Court or the High Court if they believe that

their fundamental Rights have been violated.

GEOGRAPHY- [30]

Q.1. (i)Education, technology (ii) Private, Community (iii) CITES, Animals

Q.2.

(i) Technology is the application of latest knowledge and skill in doing or

making things.

(ii) Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface

layer, this is known as open cast mining.

(iii) In the coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind

movement to protect soil cover.

(iv) Remains of plants and animals which were buried under the earth for

millions of years got converted by the heat and pressure into fossil fuel.

Q.3. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F (iv) T

Q.4.

(i) Production of hydro electricity

(ii) Norway

(iii) Ecofriendly and renewable source of energy. It leads to displacement of large

number of people and affects the flora and fauna at a large scale.

Q.5.

(i) On the basis of their distribution resources can be classify into –





76

(a) Ubiquitous and (b) localised

Ubiquitous:- Resources that are found everywhere like the air we breathe, are

ubiquitous.

Localised:- Resources which are found only in certain places are localized,

like copper and iron ore.

(ii) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores. The ores of metallic

minerals generally located in igneous rocks.

(iii) Water is a vital renewable natural resources. There fourth‟s of the earth‟s

surface is covered with water. The ocean water cover two- thirds of the earth‟s

surface. Fresh water accounts for only about 2.7 percent. Only 1 percent of

freshwater is available and fir for human use.

(iv) Ferrous minerals- Ferrous minerals like iron ore, manganese and chromites

contain iron.

Non-ferrous minerals- does not contain iron but may contain some other

metal such as gold, silver, copper or load.

Q.6.

(i) (a) National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves are made to

protect our natural vegetation and wildlife.

(b) In India, killing lions, tigrers, deers, great Indian fustards and peacocks is

illegal.

(c) An international convention CITES has been established that lists species

of animals and birds in which trade is prohibited.

(ii) Balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future is

called sustainable development.

Respect and care for all forms of life.





77

Improve the quality of human life.

Conserve the earth‟s vitality and diversity.

Minimise the depletion of natural resources.

(iii) Plants provide us with timber, give shelther to animals, produce oxygen we

breathe, protects soil so essential for growing crops, acts as shelther belts,

help in storage of underground water, give us fruits, nuts, latex and also

paper that is so essential for studies.

(iv) Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold as they are very valuable.

Advantage:- (a) Easier to transport.

(b) Basis of petro- chemical industry.

Disadvantage:- (a) Depletion of oxygen due to oil spillage and gas leakage.

(b) Pollutants released caused acid rain.

==============================================





78

MODEL TEST PAPER SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-II

(Unsolved)

Time : 2 hrs 30 min. Max Marks : 80

HISTORY- [30]


(i) Gandhi focused on reading and writing rather than _________ knowledge.

(ii) In __________ Sati was banned.

(iii) __________ Day was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country.

(iv) Jyotirao Phule dedicated his book to all those ________ who had fought to

free slaved.

(v) The Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed _________ autonomy.

(vi) Gandhi and his followers marched for over ________ miles from Sabarmati to

the coastal town of Dandi.

Q.2. Define the following: [1 × 4= 4]

(i) Munshi

(ii) Madrasa

(iii) General Constituencies

(iv) Repeal

Q.3. Correct the underlined word in the following statement: [1 × 4= 4]

(i) Tagore felt that Indian languages ought to be the medium of teaching.

(ii) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar founded the reform association called Arya

Samaj.

(iii) Along with his fellow nationalist B.K. Dutt, Sukhdev threw a bomb in the

Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929.

(iv) Kamla Nehru was the first woman to become the President of the Indian

National Congress.

Q.4. Answer the following questions briefly: [2 × 3= 6]

(i) State the contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

(ii) Why did Gandhi ji think that English education had enslaved Indians?





79

(iii) Why were the people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?

Q.5. Answer the question in detail: (any two) [4 × 2= 8]

(i) Discuss the various forms that non- cooperation movement took in different

parts of India.

(ii) Who was Charles Wood and what was Wood‟s Despatch.

(iii) What was the condition of women two hundred years ago?

Q.6. Mark the following places on the physical map of India (Answers and marking to be

done on the map only) [1 × 5= 5]

(i) The place where Indian National Congress was formed.

(ii) Centre of Akali Movement.

(iii) The place where Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was formed.

(iv) Centre of Theosophical Society.

(v) The place where Quit India Movement started.

CIVICS- [20]


(i) _________ is the term used for Adivasis by the Indian government in various

official documents.

(ii) According to official figures, more than _________ percent of persons

displaced due to mines and mining projects are tribals.

(iii) Article ________ of the constitution states that untouchability has been

abolished.

(iv) The Central Government passed the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional

Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, in the year __________.

Q.2. Answer in a word: [½ × 4= 2]

(i) To exclude or banish an individual or a group-

(ii) An area where the presence of the armed forces is considerable-

(iii) People forced or compelled to move from their homes for big development

projects-

(iv) An area that is populated by the members of a particular community-





80


(i) Policy

(ii) Mainstream

(iii) Minority

(iv) Hierarchy

Q.4. Answer in brief: [2 × 3= 6]

(i) What strategies have been adopted by the marginalized groups to overcome

their situation?

(ii) Mention the stereotypes associated with the Adivasi communities.

(iii) Write a short note on Kabir.

Q.5. Answer in detail: (Any two) [3 × 2= 6]

(i) Examine the circumstances which led to the formation of the law “The

scheduled castes and the Scheduled Tribe” (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,

1989.

(ii) Why are Muslims considered to be a marginalized community in India?

(iii) Why do you think the constitution‟s safeguards to protect minority

communities are very important?

GEOGRAPHY- [30]


(i) Favourable topography of soil and _________ are vital for agricultural

activity.

(ii) Jute grows well on __________ soil.

(iii) The first textile mill in the country was established at ___________ near

Kolkata.

(iv) Silicon Valley is located in __________.

(v) ________ percent of the world‟s people stay in just 10 countries.

(vi) In 1999, the world population reached _________ billion.

Q.2. Define the following terms : [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Viticulture

(ii) Manufacturing

(iii) Population density





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Q.3. Distinguish between: [2 × 2= 4]

(i) Commercial grain and mixed farming

(ii) Birth rate and death rate

Q.4. Answer the following questions in brief: [2 × 3= 6]

(i) What is agriculture? Name the two factors influencing agriculture.

(ii) Mention any two risk reduction measures in case of industrial disaster.

(iii) Define tertiary activities with two examples.

Q.5. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Why is the base of pyramid narrow?

(ii) Which country is represented through it?

(iii) What is the position of independent

population? Explain it.


(i) Name two plantation crops and write the conditions required for their

growth, under the following heads-Name, soil, climate and 2 areas

(ii) Classify industries on the basis of raw material and explain them with

example.

(iii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?

Q.7. Identify the following places and fill in the given map. Attach the map with your

answer sheet: [½ × 6= 3]

(a) A software technology park

(b) An iron and steel industry

(c) A woollen textile industry centre

(d) A silk industry centre

(e) A cotton textile industry centre

(f) A software technology park





82

==============================================





83


(Solved)

Time : 2 hrs 30 min. Max Marks : 80

HISTORY- [30]


(i) Hindu college was established in ___________ in 1791.

(ii) Kesari was edited by __________.

(iii) In 1927 ___________ started the temple entry movement.

(iv) After 1854, the company decided to improve the system of _________

education.

(v) The Satnami movement in central India was founded by ___________.

(vi) Shanti Niketan was established by ___________.


(i) Orientalist

(ii) Picket

(iii) Linguist

(iv) Sovereign

Q.3. Correct the underlined word in the following statement: [1 × 4= 4]

(i) Tagore wanted an education that could help Indians recover their Sense of

dignity and self- respect.

(ii) Motilal Nehru expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his

knighthood.

(iii) Pandita Ramabai published a book „Stripurushtulna‟.

(iv) The demand for Purna Swaraj in 1929 was made under the presidentship of

Gandhi.

Q.4. Answer the following questions briefly: [2 × 3= 6]

(i) What difficulties were faced by the poor children of peasant families as a

result of new rules and routines?

(ii) Why did the reforms take place in the 19th

century?

(iii) Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?





84

Q.5. Answer the questions in detail: (any two) [4 × 2= 8]

(i) In the British period, what new opportunities opened up for people who came

from castes that were regarded as low?

(ii) What was the condition of Indian pathshalas during the British rule?

(iii) What economic impact did the First World War have on India?

Q.6. Mark the following places on the physical map of India (Answers and marking to be

done on the map only) [1 × 5= 5]

(i) The place where Prarthana Samaj was established.

(ii) The place where congress split.

(iii) Centre of Home Rule League.

(iv) The place where Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place.

(v) Centre of Singh Sabha.





85

CIVICS- [20]


(i) Around ________ percent of India‟s population is Adivasi.

(ii) The area around Niyamgiri Hill located in Kalahandi district of Orissa is

inhabited by _________, an Adivasi community.

(iii) The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities)

Act was framed in the year __________.

(iv) The __________ policy reserve seats in education and government

employment for Dalits and Adivasis.

Q.2. Answer in a word: [½ × 4= 2]

(i) A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food-

(ii) To challenge someone or something-

(iii) To exclude or banish an individual or a group-

(iv) An act that violates all norms of decency and dignity that a society believes

in-


(i) Ghettoisation

(ii) Marginalised

(iii) Displaced

(iv) Assertive

Q.4. Answer in brief: [2 × 3= 6]

(iv) Write a short note on Article 17.

(v) List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.

(vi) How have the Fundamental Rights been drawn on or used by the

marginalised?

Q.5. Answer in detail: (Any two) [3 × 2= 6]

(i) How does the reservation policy work?

(ii) What measures are being taken by the government to promote social justice

in the Indian society?





86

(iii) Which factors have been responsible for the forced migration of Adivasis

from their homeland?

GEOGRAPHY- [30]


(i) In the world 50% population are engaged in _________ activity.

(ii) Silicon Valley is located near the __________ Mountains.

(iii) The __________ industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of

information.

(iv) Sixty per cent of the world‟s people stay in just ________ countries.

(v) Birth, death and _________ are three main factors that cause population

change.

(vi) __________ requires 210 frost- free days for growth.

Q.2. Define the following terms : [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Organic farming

(ii) Industry

(iii) Population change

Q.3. Distinguish between: [2 × 2= 4]

(i) Primary activities and Secondary activities

(ii) Small scale and large scale industry

Q.4. Answer the following questions in brief: [2 × 3= 6]

(i) What is shifting cultivation? Write its two disadvantages.

(ii) What do you understand by industrial system? Which process involved in it.

(iii) Why is the study of population necessary?

Q.5. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow: [1 × 3= 3]

(i) Why is the base of pyramid broad?

(ii) Which country is represented through it?

(iii) Which two main aspects of population

composition are shown through it?





87


(i) Compare the farms in India with that in USA.

(ii) Classify industries on the basis of ownership and explain them with example.

(iii) Write any four factors that affect the distribution of population.

Q.9. Identify the following places and fill in the given map. Attach the map with your

answer sheet: [½ × 6= 3]

(a) A cotton textile centre

(b) A woolen textile centre

(c) An iron and steel industry

(d) A silk industry

(e) An iron and steel industry

centre

(f) A software technology park

==============================================





88


(ANSWERS)

HISTORY- [30]

Q.1. (i) Banaras (ii) Tilak (iii) Ambedkar (iv) Vernacular (v) Ghasidas (vi) Tagore

Q.2.

(i) Orientalists- Those with a scholarly knowledge of the language & cultura of

Asia.

(ii) Picket- People protesting outside a building or shop to prevent others from

entering.

(iii) Linguist- Someone who knows and studies several languages.

(iv) Sovereign- The capacity to act independently without outside interference.

Q.3.

(i) Gandhi

(ii) Rabindra NAth Tagore

(iii) Tarabai Shinde

(iv) Jawaharlal Nehru

Q.4.

(i) (a) The new rules routines had another consequence. In the earlier system

children from poor peasant families had been able to go to pathshalas since

the time table was flexible.

(b) The discipline of the new system demanded regular attendance, even

during harvest time when children of poor families had to work in the fields.

(c) Inability to attend school came to be seen as indiscipline and as an

evidence of the lack of desire to learn.





89

(ii) (a) For the first time, books newspapers magazines, leaflets & pamphlets were

printed.

(b) The discussions could reach out to a wider public & could become linked

to movement for social change.

(c) The western education created awareness among the people & some

reformers felt that changes were necessary in society to eradicate unjust

practices.

(iii) (a) In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal. At that time Bengal was the

biggest province of British India & included Bihar & parts of Orissa.

(b) The British argued, dividing Bengal for administrative convenience.

(c) The main British motives were to curtail the influence of Bengali

politicians and to split the Bengali people.

Q.5.

(i) (a) The poor began leaving their villages to look for jobs that were opening in

cities.

(b) Drains had to be dug, roads laid, buildings constructed & cities cleaned.

(c) The poor from the villages & small towns, many of them began moving to

the cities where there was a demand for labour.

(d) Some went to work in plantation in Assam, Mauritius & Indonesia.

(e) But the poor saw this an opportunity to get away from oppressive hold of

upper- caste land owners.

(ii) (a) The system of education was flexible.

(b) There were no fixed fee, no books, no benches or chairs, no annual

examination & no regular time table.

(c) In some places classes were held under a banyan tree.





90

(d) Fee depended on the income of parents.

Teaching was oral & guru decided what to teach.

(e) The guru interacted separately with groups of children with different

levels of learning.

(iii) (a) The First World War altered the economic & political situation in India.

It led to huge rise in defence expenditure.

(b) Increased military expenditure & demand of war supplies led to rise in

prices.

(c) The government increased taxes on individual income.

(d) The war created demand for industrial goods.

(e) The Indian industries expanded & business group to demand greater

opportunities.

Q.6. (i) Bombay (ii) Surat (iii) Madras (iv) Amritsar (v) Punjab

CIVICS- [30]

Q.1. (i) 8%

(ii) Dongarria Konds

(iii) 1989

(iv) Reservation

Q.2.

(i) Malnourished

(ii) Confront

(iii) Ostracise

(iiii) Morally reprehensible

Q.3.

(i) A ghetto is an area or a locality that is populated largely by members of a

particular community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a

situation





91

(ii) To be marginalised is to be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not

to be at the centre of things

(iii) People who are forced or compelled to move from their homes for big

development projects including dams , mining etc.

(iv) An assertive person or group is one that can express themselves and their

views strongly.

Q.4. (i)

(a) Article 17 of the constitution states that untouchability has been abolished - what

this means that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves,

entering temples, using public facilities etc.

(b) It also means that it is wrong to practice untouchability and that this practice will

not be tolerated by a democratic government. In fact, untouchability is a punishable

crime now.

(ii)

(a) Having gradually lost access to their traditional homelands, many adivasis have

migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages in

local industries or at building or construction site. Thus, they, get caught in the cycle

of poverty and deprivation.

(b) 45% of tribal groups in rural areas and 35% in urban areas live below the

poverty line. This leads to deprivation in other areas. Many of the tribal children are

malnourished. Literacy rates among tribals are also very low.

(iii)

They have drawn on these rights in two ways: first, by insisting on their Fundamental

Rights. They have forced the government to recognise the injustice done to them.

Second, they have insisted that the government enforce these laws. In some

instances the struggles of the marginalised have influenced the government to frame

new laws, in keeping with the spirit of the Fundamental Rights.

Q.5. (i) (a) Government across India have their own list of scheduled castes, scheduled

tribes and backward and most backward castes. The central government too has its

list.

(b) Students applying for educational institutions and those applying for post in

government are expected to furnish proof of their castes or tribe status, in the form of

castes and tribe certificates.





92

(c) If a particular Dalit caste or a certain tribe is on the government list, then the

candidate from that caste or tribe can avail of the benefit of reservation.

(d) For admission to colleges, especially to institutes of professional education, such

as medical colleges, government define a set of 'cut-off' marks. Only those who have

secured marks above the cut-off point can qualify for admission.

(ii) (a) As part of their effort to implement the constitution, both state and central

government create specific schemes for implementation in tribal areas or in areas

that have high Dalit population.

(b) In addition to providing certain facilities, the government also operate through

laws to ensure that concrete steps are taken to end inequality in the system.

(c) One such law/policy is the reservation policy that today is both significant and

highly contentious. The laws reserve seats in education and government

employment for Dalits and Adivasis.

(iii) (a) Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to get land for agriculture and

industry.

(b) Adivasis have also lived in areas that are rich in minerals and other natural

resources . These are taken over for mining and other industrial projects.

(c) Powerful forces have often colluded to take over tribal land. Much of the time, the

land is taken away forcefully and procedures are not followed.

(d) Huge tracts of their lands have also gone under the water of hundred of dams

that have been built in independent India.

(e) In the north-west, their lands remain highly militarised and war-torn.

GEOGRAPHY- [30]

Q1. (i) Climate (ii) Alluvial (iii)Fort Gloster (iv) California (v) Sixty (vi) 6

Q2.

(i) Viticulture:- Cultivation of graps is known as viticulture.

(ii) Manufacturing:- Manufacturing is activities which change raw material into

products of more value to people.





93

(iii) Population density:- Population density is the number of people living in a

unit area of the earth‟s surface.

Q3. Distinguish:

(i) Commercial grain farming

a. It is a class of commercial farming where crops like wheat and maize are

grown for commercial purpose.

b. It is practiced in temperature grassland of North America. Europe, Asia.

c. Animals are not reared.

Mixed farming

a. It is a type of commercial farming in which land is used for growing

food and fodder and rearing livestock.

b. It is practiced in eastern USA, Argentina, New Zealand etc.

c. Animals are reared.

(ii) Birth rate-

a. Birth rate is a statistic that measures the number of live births per 1000

people.

b. The population increase in the world is mainly due to high birth rate.

Death rate-

a. Death rate is a statistic that measures the number of deaths per 1000

people.

b. The population increase in the world is due to low death rate.





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