breeding product profiles why bother · virus resistance agronomy >=check4 1 smut resistance...

Breeding Product ProfilesWhy Bother ?

Michel RagotIAVAO Workshop, Thiès, 18-20 Novembre 2018

© 2018 Nouvelle France Genetics

© no duplication without permission

Breeding Product Profiles

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▪ Why bother ?▪ Definitions▪ The business of plant breeding▪ Definition of and prioritization among

market segments▪ From market demands to product profiles▪ From product profiles to breeding

priorities▪ From breeding priorities to breeding

decisions


Breeding Product ProfilesWhy bother ?

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Plant Breeder



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Lost Plant Breeder ?



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Tempted Plant Breeder

$$

$



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Transparent Plant Breeder



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Engaging & CommittedPlant Breeder

$$

$

$

$


Breeding Product ProfilesWhat is plant breeding ?

Science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics (Wikipedia)

Application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans - accomplished by selecting plants found to be economically or aesthetically desirable, first by controlling the mating of selected individuals, and then by selecting certain individuals among the progeny (Britannica)

Production of plants by selective mating or hybridization -traditional mechanism for producing new varieties of plants for horticulture and agriculture (Nature)

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▪ The “ultimate” goal of breeding: value creation

▪ Breeding before breeders✓ Grower breeders

▪ The rise of breeders and the call for objectives✓ Specialization of tasks

▪ Modernity and the cry for priorities✓ Multiplicity and remoteness of markets✓ Multiplicity of demands (grower, chain, consumer)✓ Multiplicity of breeding actors



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▪ The rise of breeders and the call for objectives✓ Specialization of tasks – Grower - Breeder




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Grower

Pre Bree.

Consumer

Chain

Grower

Grower

Breeder

Breeder

Mol Bree.

Discovery

Growers

Breeder

GrowerBreeder

Chain

Grower


Why Bother ?Complexity

14Molecular markers in a commercial breeding program. S Eathington et al. (2007) Crop Science


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Why Bother ?Low Probability of Success

Plant Breeding: Past, Present, and

Future. TM Crosbie et al. (2006) Plant

Breeding


DefinitionsStakeholders

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▪ Growers: individuals or organizations who grow plants or raise animals with the aim of harvesting or collecting one or more specific products (grain, whole plant, tubers, milk, meat, wool, etc.).



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▪ Product chain: individuals or organizations who take products harvested or collected by growers, possibly transform them (although not necessarily), and provide them to end-use consumers. In some cases, growers can also be considered as product chain. Also includes seed production chain.



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▪ Product chain: individuals or organizations who take products harvested or collected by growers, possibly transform them (although not necessarily), and provide them to end-use consumers. In some cases, growers can also be considered as product chain. Also includes seed production chain.

▪ End-use consumers: individuals or organizations who use products for food, feed, or energy. In some cases, growers can also be considered as end-use consumers.


DefinitionsMarket Segment

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Market segment: a geographic area or a group of people having a relatively homogeneous demand for a commodity (here crop varieties or animal breeds). The population of users who make up a market segment may all be located in a single agro-ecology or this population may be distributed across several different agro-ecologies.The extent to which an agro-ecology and a market segment coincide will depend on the extent to which user demand (preferences) for a breeding product are determined by climate, soils and land-use constraints.


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DefinitionsProduct Profile

Product profile: set of targeted attributes which a new plant variety or animal breed is expected to meet to be released onto and adopted by a market segment.

Attributes must be understood as traits with a specific value, this value being defined either in absolute or relative terms.

For instance, a product profile may list grain yield (11 tons/hectare or more), or tolerance to downy mildew (same as or better than variety X), total oil content (no less than variety Y).


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The Business of Plant BreedingCascade of Trade-Offs

MarketDemands & Needs

Product Profile

Breeding Priorities

Breeding Decisions


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Product Profile

Breeding Priorities

Breeding Decisions

Requests

Contract Commitment

Delivery


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Product Profile

Breeding Priorities

Breeding Decisions

Requests

Contract Commitment

Delivery

Market Trade-Offs

Technical Trade-Offs


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Definition of and Prioritization among Market Segments

▪ Consumer profiles

▪ Market segments

▪ Relative priorities


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From Market Demand to Product Profile

V Anthony V (2013) Demand-driven plant variety design. Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture


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From Market Demand to Product ProfileTrait Trait Category Reference* Market Priority

Grain yield Agronomy Check1 +5% 1Stover yield Agronomy Check 5 1

Early vigor Agronomy / Labor Check 1 2

Tillering Agronomy Check 6 2

Lodging resistance Agronomy <20% 2

Plant height Labor 90-110cm 2Maturity Agronomy Early 3

Thousand kernel weight Agronomy / Seed supply 40-50g 3

Seed size Seed supply / Processing Check 3 2

Milling yield Processing Check 2 + 5% 1

Texture Processing / Consumer Check 6 3

Protein content Consumer >7.5% 1Oil content Consumer 5-8% 3Fiber content Consumer >=Check3 2Mildew resistance Agronomy Resistant 1Virus resistance Agronomy >=Check4 1Smut resistance Agronomy Intermediate 3Heat tolerance Agronomy Intermediate 2Drought tolerance Agronomy Check5 2Al tolerance Agronomy Moderate 3

*Reference expressed as a variety name without any other indication indicates

that the desired trait level is that of that variety


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From Market Demand to Product Profile

Reproduced from V Anthony (2015)

V Anthony V (2015) Can demand-driven breeding increase smallholder adoption ? Inaugural TropAg conference, Brisbane, Australia


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From Market Demand to Product ProfileTrait Trait Category Reference* Market Priority

Grain yield Agronomy Check1 +5% 1Stover yield Agronomy Check 5 1

Early vigor Agronomy / Labor Check 1 2

Tillering Agronomy Check 6 2

Lodging resistance Agronomy <20% 2

Plant height Labor 90-110cm 2Maturity Agronomy Early 3

Thousand kernel weight Agronomy / Seed supply 40-50g 3

Seed size Seed supply / Processing Check 3 2

Milling yield Processing Check 2 + 5% 1

Texture Processing / Consumer Check 6 3

Protein content Consumer >7.5% 1Oil content Consumer 5-8% 3Fiber content Consumer >=Check3 2Mildew resistance Agronomy Resistant 1Virus resistance Agronomy >=Check4 1Smut resistance Agronomy Intermediate 3Heat tolerance Agronomy Intermediate 2Drought tolerance Agronomy Check5 2Al tolerance Agronomy Moderate 3

*Reference expressed as a variety name without any other indication indicates

that the desired trait level is that of that variety


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Product Profiles

▪ Huge diversity in what is understood by product profile (and resulting documents)

▪ Product profiles are not breeding strategieso Lack current performance contexto Lack timelines

▪ Beware of changing market demands


From Product Profile to Breeding Priorities

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▪ Technical feasibility✓ Trait availability / existence✓ Ability to measure✓ Genetic correlations

▪ Economic feasibility✓ Cost of measurement✓ Cost of genetic gain

▪ Level of trait✓ Distance from current to desired level

▪ Timing of the response✓ Short to long term


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From Product Profile to Breeding Priorities

Trait Trait Category ReferenceMarket

PrioritySelection Objective

Desired Short-

Term Impact

Desired Long-

Term Impact

Grain yield Agronomy Check1 +5% 1 Maximize 3 1Stover yield Agronomy Check 5 1 Maximize 11 8

Early vigorAgronomy /

LaborCheck 1 2 Reach threshold

Tillering Agronomy Check 6 2 Reach thresholdLodging resistance Agronomy <20% 2 Reach threshold 2 3Plant height Labor 90-110cm 2 Reach threshold 7 5Maturity Agronomy Early 3 Reach threshold 9 9Thousand kernel

weight

Agronomy /

Seed supply40-50g 3 Reach threshold

Seed sizeSeed supply /

ProcessingCheck 3 2 Reach threshold 12 12

Milling yield Processing Check 2 + 5% 1 Maximize 6 11

TextureProcessing /

ConsumerCheck 6 3 Opportunistic

Protein content Consumer >7.5% 1 Maximize 1 6Oil content Consumer 5-8% 3 Reach threshold 10 10Fiber content Consumer >=Check3 2 Reach threshold 5 4Mildew resistance Agronomy Resistant 1 Maximize 8 7Virus resistance Agronomy >=Check4 1 Reach threshold 4 2Smut resistance Agronomy Intermediate 3 OpportunisticHeat tolerance Agronomy Intermediate 2 Reach thresholdDrought tolerance Agronomy Check5 2 OpportunisticAl tolerance Agronomy Moderate 3 Opportunistic


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From Breeding Priorities to Breeding Decisions

Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture - Market-led approaches to new variety design in Africa – The business of plant breeding


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▪ Reality often quite different from intentions▪ Tremendous impact of operational constraints

o Early breeding stageso Late breeding stages


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Adapted from A.Gallais


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▪ Unresolved complexity often leads to lack of demonstrable gainso Selection indices

▪ Prioritization based on value creationo Increased growing area (“market share”)o Increased income

From Breeding Priorities to Breeding DecisionsTrait Prioritization


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Conclusions

▪ Setting breeding objectives and priorities almost unanimously recognized as desirable / good practice

▪ Facts often lagging behind intentions▪ Numerous “parasitic” elements / constraints

o Changing market “pull”o Operational constraints

▪ Most successful breeding programs generally had / have clear and persistent objectives and priorities


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Conclusions

▪ Best practices ?

▪ Market knowledge▪ Realistic ambition▪ Pragmatic implementation▪ Significant, non-debatable improvements / deliveries

breeding product profiles why bother · virus resistance agronomy >=check4 1 smut resistance...

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