breeding systems agriscience 2 animal reproduction
TRANSCRIPT
Why is improving organisms important to agriculture?
• Three main factors driving this goal:– Rising World Population– Urbanization– Fewer people in production agriculture
What methods are used in agriscience to improve organisms?
• Two major approaches are used: – Controlled breeding – Genetic manipulation.
Controlled breeding
• Breeding plants or animals to achieve certain characteristics in the offspring.
• Considered a natural method of improving plants and animals. – Scientists control the natural breeding process.
Kinds of controlled breeding:• Selection
– Choosing a few parents with the desired traits with the intent of increasing the amount of desired qualities in the offspring.
Genetic manipulation
• Artificial means of producing desirable traits.
• Genes can be moved from one species to another.
• Gene splicing is the moving of hereditary characteristics from one organism to another often unrelated organism.
Hybridization
• Crossing of two different plants or animals
• Combines the traits of different parent strains.
• Many hybrids are not able to reproduce.
Inbreeding-mating closely related animals
• Parent to offspring and siblings
• 1/2 brother and sister
• Uncle x niece
• Nephew x aunt
• 1/2 uncle to niece
• Cousin to cousin
25% inbred25% inbred
12.5% inbred12.5% inbred
6.25% inbred6.25% inbred
3.125% inbred3.125% inbred