breeds related
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List of chicken breedsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thirty types of known chickens
There are hundreds of chicken breeds in existence.[1] Domesticated for thousands of
years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors
of geographical isolation and selection for desired characteristics created regional types
with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.[2]
The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are
size, plumage color, comb type, skin color, number of toes, amount of feathering,
nipple(areola) color, egg color, and place of origin.[1] They are also roughly divided by
primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some
considered to be dual-purpose.[1]
In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined breed
standards set down by governing organizations. The most commonly used of such
standards is the Standard of Perfection published by the American Poultry
Association (APA), the oldest livestock organization in the New World.[3][4] Others include
European standards (especially British ones), and that of the American Bantam
Association, which deals exclusively withbantam fowl.[4] Only some of the known breeds
are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to
be shown competitively. There are additionally a few hybrid strains which are common in
the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation
crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring,
but are highly valued for their producing abilities.[1]
Table of contents
By place of
origin: Australia • Austria • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria • Canada • Chile • China •Croatia • Cuba • Czechia • Egypt • Finland • France • German
y • Greece • India • Indonesia •Iran • Italy • Japan • Korea • Kosovo • Malaysia • Netherlands • New
Zealand • Norway •Pakistan • Philippines • Portugal • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Spain • Switzerland •Turkey • Ukraine • United
Kingdom • United States • Vietnam
By primary use: Eggs • Meat • Dual-purpose • Exhibition
Other: Bantams • Hybrids
See also • Footnotes • References
[edit]By place of origin
[edit]Australia
Australorp
Australekin
[edit]Austria
Altsteirer
Sulmtaler
[edit]Belgium
This d'Everberg rooster is one of a profusion of Belgian ornamental bantam chickens
Barbu de Watermael
Belgian Bearded d'Anvers (or Antwerp Belgian)
Bearded d'Uccle
Belgian d'Everberg
Campine
Brabanter
Braekel (Brakel)
[edit]Brazil
Balazēo Cealio
Brazilian Grey
Kalabèo
[edit]Bulgaria
Black Shumen chicken
Black Shumen chicken
Starozagorska red chicken
[edit]Canada
Chantecler
Red Shaver
[edit]Chile
Araucana
[edit]China
The Silkie is iconic for its unusual fur-like plumage
Cochin
Croad Langshan
Nankin
Pekin
Silkie
[edit]Croatia
Croatian Dwarf chicken (Hrvatska patuljasta kokoš)
Dalmatian chicken (Dalmatinska kokoš)
Hrvatica (Hrvatica)
Križevac Crested chicken (Križevačka kukmasta kokoš)
Sava Crested chicken (Posavska kukumasta kokoš)
Slavonian Dwarf Naked Neck chicken (Slavonska patuljasta golovrata kokoš)
[edit]Cuba
Cubalaya
Cubalaya
[edit]Czechia
Czech gold brindled hen (Česká slepice zlatá kropenatá, Česká zlatá kropenka,
Češka)
Šumavanka
[edit]Egypt
Egyptian Fayoumi
[edit]Finland
Finnish Chickens
[edit]France
Faverolles
Bresse
Bourbonnaise
Crèvecœur
Faverolles
Houdan
La Flèche
Marans
[edit]Germany
Annaberger chicken
Augsburger chicken
Bergischer Long Crower
Bergischer Schlotterkamm
Bielefelder
Deutscher Sperber
Deutsches Reichshuhn
Dresdner chicken
East Frisian Gull
German Faverolles
German Langshan
Hamburg
Kraienköppe (Twentse)
Lakenvelder
Niederrheiner chicken
Pfalz chicken (Pfälzer Kampfhuhn)
Phoenix
Ramelsloher
Rheinlander
Saxonian Chickens
Sundheimer chicken
Thuringian Bearded chicken
Vogtländer chicken
Vorwerk
Westphalian chicken
[edit]Greece
Source [5]
Alonissos island Chicken
Boufunes
Curly Chicken Mutation
Follidotes Chicken
Greek Cuckoo spotted chicken
Hooded Greek Chicken
Chios Fighting Chicke
Kalamata Chicken
Komotini Long Crow Chicken
Lesvos Dwarf Naked Necked Chicken
Lesvos Fillianes Chicken
Milos Island Chicken
Pomak Fighting Chicken
[edit]India
Giri Raja (The Forest King)
Kalinga Brown
Mumbai Desi
Grama Lakshmi
Naati Kori (Kudla)
[edit]Indonesia
Sumatra cock
Ayam Cemani
Bekisar (interspecific hybrid)
Sumatra (chicken)
Kedu (nationally standardized)
Nunukan /Tawao
Pelung (long-crower, locally standardized)
Ketawa ("laughing" or staccato-crower, local bred from Rappang, South Sulawesi)
Bali
[edit]Iran
Manx Rumpy (or Rumpless Game)
Orloff [3][6]
[edit]Italy
Leghorn
Ancona
Leghorn
Sicilian Buttercup
[edit]Japan
Japanese Bantam (or Chabo)
Shamo (or Ko-Shamo)
Tomaru
Totenko
Onagadori
[edit]Korea
Gangwon Jaeraedak
Jangmigye
Yeongsan ogye
Han Do
[edit]Kosovo
Kosova Long Crowing Roster
[edit]Malaysia
Malay
Serama
[edit]Marianas
Saipan Jungle Fowl
[edit]Netherlands
A Barnevelder trio
Barnevelder
Booted Bantam
North Holland Blue
Polish
Dutch Bantam
Hamburg
Welsummer
[edit]New Zealand
Bawu Hawu
New Zealand Junglefowl
Waki Waki Hawa
[edit]Norway
Norwegian Jærhøne
[edit]Pakistan
Asil (or Aseel)
Afghan game fowl
Buff chicken
[edit]Philippines
Philippine Native Chicken
[edit]Poland
Green-legged Chicken
Poland
[edit]Portugal
Pedrês Portuguesa
Amarela
Preta Lusitânica
[edit]Romania
Naked Neck
Transylvanian Naked Neck
[edit]Russia
Orloff
Yurlov Crower
[edit]Serbia
Banat Naked Neck (Banatski gološijan)
Sombor chicken (Somborska kaporka)
Svrljig chicken (Svrljiška kokoš) [7]
[edit]Slovakia
Oravka
[edit]Spain
A Minorca rooster
Andalusian Pardo de León
Asturian Painted Hen
Castilian
Catalana or Prat Leonada
Empordanesa
Euskal oiloa
Extremaduran
Flor d'Ametller
Ibiza
Indio de León
Majorca
Minorca
Murciana
Pedresa
Penedesenca
Pintarrazada
Pita Pinta Asturiana
Serrana de Teruel
Sobrarbe
Spanish game
Sureña
Utrerana
White-Faced Black Spanish
[edit]Switzerland
Appenzeller (Barthühner and Spitzhauben)
Schweizer chicken (Schweizerhuhn)
[edit]Turkey
Sultan
Hint Horoz
Gerze
[edit]Ukraine
Poltava
[edit]United Kingdom
The Buff variety of Orpington, here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.
Derbyshire Redcap
Dorking
Indian Game (or Cornish)
Ixworth
Marsh Daisy
Modern Game
Muffed Old English Game
Norfolk Grey
Old English Game
Old English Pheasant Fowl
Orpington
Rosecomb
Scots Dumpy
Scots Grey
Sebright
Sussex
Yokohama
[edit]United States
Ameraucana
American Game
Blue Hen of Delaware
Brahma
Buckeye
California Gray
California White
Delaware
Dominique
Holland
Iowa Blue
Java
Jersey Giant
Lamona
New Hampshire
Plymouth Rock (or Barred Rock, Rock)
Rhode Island Red
Rhode Island White
Winnebago
Wyandotte
[edit]Vietnam
Ac
Ga Noi
Ga Tre
[edit]By primary use
All chickens lay eggs, have edible meat, and possess a unique appearance. However,
distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed
may technically be used for general agricultural purposes, and all breeds are shown to
some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.
[edit]Eggs
Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and
distinctive ear tufts
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing eggs, these are mostly
light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often.
Ameraucana
Ancona
Andalusian
Araucana
Asturian Painted Hen
Barnevelder
Campine
Catalana
Easter Egger
Egyptian Fayoumi
Norwegian Jærhøne
Kraienköppe (Twentse)
Lakenvelder
Leghorn
Marans
Minorca
Orloff
Penedesenca
Sicilian Buttercup
White-Faced Black Spanish
Welsummer
[edit]Meat
Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial broiler market is
currently monopolized by the Cornish-Rock (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth
Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat
production.
Bresse
Indian Game (or Cornish Game)
Ixworth
Jersey Giant
[edit]Dual-purpose
The Barred Plymouth Rock is a very popular dual-purpose breed
The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good
at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these
purposes, they are usually called dual-purpose breeds.
Australorp
Brahma
Braekel (Brakel)
Buckeye
California Gray
Chantecler
Cubalaya
Derbyshire Redcap
Dominique
Dorking
Faverolles
Holland
Iowa Blue
Java
Jersey Giant
Marsh Daisy
Naked Neck
New Hampshire
Norfolk Grey
Orpington
Plymouth Rock
Poltava
Red Shaver
Rhode Island Red
Rhode Island White
Scots Dumpy
Scots Grey
Sussex
Winnebago
Wyandotte
[edit]Exhibition
Since the 19th century, poultry fancy, the breeding and competitive
exhibition of poultry as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds.
Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been
shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they
may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of cockfighting has been outlawed in the
developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called game fowl, are
now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit.
Key
U denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.
G denotes a game breed.
Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition
American Game G
Asil G
Appenzeller U
Barbu de Watermael
Belgian Bearded d'Anvers
Bearded d'Uccle
Belgian d'Everberg
Blue Hen of Delaware G
Booted Bantam
Cochin
Crèvecœur U
Croad Langshan U
Dutch Bantam
Frizzle
Ga Noi G
Hamburg U
Houdan U
Nankin
Old English Game G
Pekin
Phoenix
Polish U
Rosecomb
Sebright
Serama
Shamo G
Silkie
Sultan
Sumatra
Vorwerk U
Yokohama
Japanese Bantam
Jangmigye
La Flèche U
Malay G
Modern Game
[edit]Bantams
Sebrights, such as this Golden cockerel, are among the most popular of bantams
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as
a miniature. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard
breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A true
bantam has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:
Belgian Bearded d'Anvers
Belgian Bearded d'Uccle
Belgian d'Everberg
Booted Bantam
Dutch Bantam
Japanese Bantam
Nankin
Pekin
Rosecomb
Sebright
Serama
Silkie
[edit]Cross-breeds
See also Category:Chicken hybrids
Many common strains of cross-bred chickens exist, but none breed true or are
recognized by poultry breed standards. Thus, though they are extremely common in
flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition
of a breed. Most cross-breed strains are sex linked, allowing for easy chick sexing.
Black Sex Link (also called Black Stars)
Red Sex Link (also called Red Stars)
ISA Brown
Lohmann Brown
Daisy Belle
Cream Legbar
Cornish-Rock
Easter Egger
Broiler [edit]
CHICKEN BREEDS
General Information
India has made considerable progress in broiler production in the last two decades. High quality chicks, equipments, vaccines and medicines are available. With an annual output of 41.06 billion eggs and 1000 million broilers, India ranks fourth largest producer of eggs and fifth largest producer of poultry broiler in the world. The broiler production has also sky rocketed at an annual growth rate of about 15 percent at present. Broiler farming has been given considerable importance in the national policy and has a good scope for further development in the years to come.
Advantages of Chicken farming
Initial investment is a little lower than layer farming. Rearing period is 6-7 weeks only. More number of flocks can be taken in the same shed. Broilers have high feed conversion efficiency i.e. least amount of feed is required for unit body weight
gain in comparison to other livestock. Faster return from the investment. Demand for poultry meat is more compared to sheep/Goat meat.
Classification of Breeds of Poultry
American Class
Eg. New Hampshire, white Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, Wyandote II.
Plymouth Rock
Mediterranean Class:
They are light bodied and well developed for high egg production.Eg. Leghorn, Minorca, Ancona
Leghorn
English Class
They are mostly utility breeds noted for their excellent flushing properties. Eg. Australorp, Cornish, Sussex, Orphington
Asiatic Class
They are large bodied with heavy bones feathered shanks and poor layers.
Indian breeds
Eg. Aseel (Fighting purpose), Chitlagong, Kadacknath (Resh is black in colour) Bursa
Commercial Broiler strains
Eg. Cobb, Hubbard, Lohman, Anak 2000, Avian -34, Starbra, Sam rat etc.,
Commercial Layer StrainsEg.BV-300, Bowans, Hyline, H & N nick, Dekalb Lohman etc.
Broiler: Broiler are young chicken of either sex, which are reared primarily formeat purposes and marketed at an age of 6-8 weeks, .Grower: The management of birds during 9-20 weeks or to the point of laying isreferred to as grower period.
Layer: The management of birds during 21-72 weeks of age for the purpose of laying eggs (egg production).
(Source: Dr.Paul Pricely Rajkumar, AC&RI, Madurai )
Breeds of Chicken
Chickens are grown for their egg and meat. Likewise they are classified as egg-type chicken and meat-types chickens. Egg type chickens are composed of stock that has been developed for egg production and are maintained for the principal purpose of producing chicks for the ultimate production of eggs for human consumption. Breeds of meat type chickens primarily include broilers, fryers, roasters, and other meat type chickens. Here broilers and other chickens are raised for their meat. Broilers are genetically selected for fast growth and raised for meat rather than eggs e.g. White Synthetic Male line (WSML), white synthetic dam line (SDL), coloured synthetic male line (CSML), coloured synthetic female line (CSFL), introgression of frizzle gene etc. Native breeds of egg type chicken in India
Breed Body Age at sexual Annual egg Egg weight at Fertility Hatchability
weight(20 weeks)
maturity (days)
production (No.)
40 weeks (g) FES (5)
Aseel 1220 196 92 50 66 63Frizzle 1005 185 110 53 61 71Kadaknath 920 180 105 49 55 52Naked neck 1005 201 99 54 66 71
(Source: Central Avian Research Institute)
Indigenous Breeds
The common control hen, the desi, is as a rule the best mother for hatching. She is a good forager. Some of the Indian flows resemble the Leghorn in size and shape, but have poor laying qualities. They are Found in various colours. one variety found in India resembles the sussex or Plymouth Rock in shape but is smaller. These birds lay family well and are more common in the eastern parts of the country.
The Indian birds are mostly non-descripts, and are of very little value as layers. They have several local breed names such as Tenis, Naked Neck, Punjab, Brown, Ghagus, Lolab, Kashmir Faberella, Tilri, Busra, Telllicherry, Danki, Nicorai and Kalahasti. There are only 4 pure breeds Karaknath and the Busra. The last occurs in western India. A large number of flows of different size, shapes and colours, and for the most part resembling the jungle fowls, are found all over India. They vary in appearance according to the locality in which they have been bred. These with Chittagong, Aseel, Langshan or Brahma blood in them are bigger in size and better in meat quality than the common flows.
Aseel
Aseel is noted for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic gait and dogged fighting qualities. The best specimens of the breed, although rare, and encountered in parts of Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rsjasthan. The most popular varieties are peela (golden red), yarkin (black and red), Nurie 89(white), kagar (black), chitta (black and white silver), Teekar (brown) and Reza (light red). Although poor in productivity, the birds of this breed are well-known for their meat qualities. Broodiness in most common and the hen is a good sitter and efficient mother. They possess pea combs which are small but firmly set on head. Wattles and ear lobes are bright red, and the beak is hart. The face is long and slender, and not covered with feather. The eyes are compact, well set and present bold looks. The neck is long, uniformly thick but no fleshy. The body is round and short with broad breast straight back and close - set strong tail root. The general feathering is close, scanty and almost absent on the Brest. The plumage has practically no fluff and the feathers are tough. The tail is small and drooping. The legs are strong, straight, and set well apart. Standard weight (kg): Cocks, 4 to 5; hen 3 to 4; cockerrels, 3.5 to 4.5; pullets, 2.5 to 3.5.
Aseel
Karaknath
The original name of the breed seems to be Kalamasi, meaning a fowl with black flesh. However, it is popularly known as Karaknath. The eggs are light brown. The day-old chicks are bluish to black with irregular dark stripes
over the the back. The adult plumage varies from silver and gold-spangled to bluish-black without any spangling. The skin, beak, shanks, toes and soles of feet are slatelike in colour.The comb, wattles and tongue are purple. Most of the internal organs show intense black colouration which is pronounced in trachea, thoracic and abdominal air-sacs, gonads and at the base of the heart and mesentery. Varying degrees of block colouration are also seen in the skeletal muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain etc. The blood is darker than normal blood. The black pigment has been due to deposition of melanin, The flesh although repulsive to look at, is delicious. A medium layer, lays about 80 eggs per year. The bird is resistant to diseases in its natural habitat in free range but is more susceptible to Mareks disease under intensive rearing conditions. (Source: Dr.Acharya, Handbook of Animal Husbandry)
Kadaknath
Naked neck( Photo source: kvk Namakkal )
Other commercial breeds of broiler chicken in India
BreedFirst egg
50% Productio
n
Peak productio
n
Livability
Egg productio
n peak
Feed efficienc
y
Egg weigh
t
Net egg productio
n (72 weeks)
ILI-8017-18 weeks
150 days26-28 weeks
Grower (96%)Layer (94%)
92% 2.1 54 g 280 eggs
Golden-92
18-19 weeks
155 days 27-29 weeks
Grower (96%)
90% 2.2 54 g 265 eggs
Layer (94%)
Priya17-18 weeks
150 days26-28 weeks
Grower (96%)Layer (94%)
92% 2.1 57 g 290 eggs
Sonali18-19 weeks
155 days27-29 weeks
Grower (96%)Layer (94%)
90% 2.2 54 g 275 eggs
Devendra
18-19 weeks
155 days27-29 weeks
Grower (97%)Layer (94%)
90% 2.5 50 g 200 eggs
(Source: Central Avian Research Institute)
Commercial available meat-type chicken in India
BreedWeight at six
weeks (g)
Weight atseven weeks
(g)
Food conversion
ratio
Livability(%)
B-77 1300 1600 2.3 98-99CARIBRO-91 1650 2100 1.94-2.2 97-98CARIBRO Multicoloured 1600 2000 1.9-2.1 97-98CARIBRO Naked necked
1650 2000 1.9-2.0 97-98
Varna 1500 1800 2.1-2.25 97