brian hansen, bs tyler pedersen, phd tom golightly, phd john okishi, phd counseling and career...
TRANSCRIPT
An Empirical Investigation of National Depression Screening Day:
Are We Wasting Time and Money? Does it Even Work?
Brian Hansen, BSTyler Pedersen, PhD
Tom Golightly, PhDJohn Okishi, PhD
Counseling and Career CenterBrigham Young University
April, 2011
National Depression Screening Day (NDSD):
Beginning in 1991, NDSD a major form of community mental health outreach
Conducted at more than 3,000 sites across the country each year
625 colleges and universities participateMore than 85,000 individuals personally screenedAt Brigham Young University:
45 hours personal screening32 hours in housing24 hours handouts/booth___________________101 clinician hours this year
Worth the Cost?Little to no empirical data
about effectivenessDemands time from other
servicesResistance from facultyAccountability to
administrationWhat value does outreach
provide?
NDSD at BYU Counseling Center:• BYU: 32,000 students• CCC: 26 tenure-track faculty,
20+trainees• Nearly every year for 10+ years• Advertised via student newspaper,
flyers, housing units, courses, bribed with brownies
• 150-200+ screenings completed by students
• Personal meeting with licensed therapist/ graduate trainee
• Screen for PTSD and GAD• Referred to counseling services if
meet criteria
Research Questions:1. Does NDSD successfully identify
students who are in need of counseling services?
2. Do referred students differ from “typical” outpatient students currently receiving therapy in terms of initial severity/other demographic information?
3. Do students who are referred come to treatment?
4. Do students who come to treatment benefit from services? Compared to “typical” individuals seeking treatment?
Method:1. Screen students for NDSD2. Track all students referred from NDSD to
the CCC for therapy3. Assess initial levels of distress from NDSD
referrals4. Track psychotherapy outcome of NDSD
referrals vs. ‘typical’ referrals/patients5. 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 20106. OQ-45 completed at intake, each session
OQ-45Symptom Distress (SD): Interpersonal Relations (IR):Social Role (SR): 45-item self-report outcome/tracking
instrument designed for repeated measurement of client progress throughout the course of therapyHigher scores indicate high levels of distress
(highest possible score = 180)“Normal stress” = Total score of 43.5 “Recovery line” = Total score of 63.5
Results:
2005 2007 2008 2009 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
Number of Intakes
# of Intakes
Approximately20% of those screened are referred for follow-up.
Approximately 7-10% become new clients of the CCC.
Treatment Response:
Intake Final Session
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
78.86
67.3768.36
59.36
NDSD Par-tici...
OQ
-45
Tota
l S
core
Pre-OQ: t (25846)=4.463; p<.001Post-OQ: t (25815)= 1.51; p<.342
Intake total: (t = 4.471, p < .001)SD subscale: (t = 4.832, p < .001) SR subscale: (t = 4.217, p < .001)
Change in Distress OQ-45NDSD clients benefit more from therapy
Change0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1411.5
8.9
NDSD ParticipantsTAU Clients
OQ
-45
To
tal
Sco
re
Other Research QuestionsOther Research QuestionsEarlier results (2007) indicated NDSD
participants more likely to be: male, international, married; use more sessions (2).
2010 Analysis:Slight difference in gender from typical TAU client
NDSD 45% male, 55% female Total sample: 39% male, 61% female
No true difference in international status NDSD: 11% international, Total sample: 10 %
Slight difference in number of sessions (3.1 vs. 3.8)
Previous Summary (05-09):
Intake Final Session
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
9078.74
64.3767.85
61.01NDSD Partic-ipantsTAU Clients
OQ
-45
Tota
l S
core
Pre-OQ: t (24755)=18.25; p<.001Post-OQ: t (2473)= 1.27; p<.26
Discussion:Clients who are screened at
NDSD and then and attend follow-up therapy are more distressed than our typical clients.
NDSD clients experience more improvement than our typical client.
NDSD reaches at least some students who are significantly distressed and who benefit from our services.
