brickey hakespeare
TRANSCRIPT
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William Shakespeare
Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English
Literature
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Shakespeare
• 1563-1616
• Stratford-on-Avon, England
• wrote 37 plays
• about 154 sonnets
• started out as an actor
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Stage Celebrity• Actor for Lord Chamberlain’s
Men (London theater co.)
• Also > principal playwright for them
• 1599> Lord Ch. Co. built Globe Theater where most of Sh. Play’s were performed
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Shakespeare wrote:
• Comedies
• Histories
• Tragedies
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Romeo and Juliet
• Written about 1595
• Considered a tragedy
• West Side Story (Movie) based on R&J
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The Theater
• Plays produced for the general public
• Roofless>open air• No artificial lighting
• Courtyard surrounded by 3 levels of galleries
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Spectators• Wealthy got benches
• “Groundlings”>poorer people stood and watched from the courtyard (“pit”)
• All but wealthy were uneducated/illiterate
• Much more interaction than today
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Staging Areas• Stage>platform that extended into
the pit
• Dressing & storage rooms in galleries behind & above stage
• second-level gallery> upper stage> famous balcony scene in R & J
• Trap door>ghosts• “Heavens”> angelic beings
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Differences• No scenery
• Settings > references in dialogue
• Elaborate costumes
• Plenty of props
• Fast-paced, colorful>2 hours!
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Actors
• Only men and boys
• Young boys whose voices had not changed play women’s roles
• Would have been considered indecent for a woman to appear on stage
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Elizabethan (QE1) Words• An,and: If
• Anon: Soon• Aye: Yes
• But: Except for
• E’en: Even• E’er: Ever
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QE1 Words (contin.)• Haply: Perhaps
• Happy: Fortunate
• Hence: Away, from her
• Hie: Hurry
• Marry: Indeed
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QE1 Words (contin.)
• Whence: Where
• Wilt: Will, will you
• Withal: In addition to
• Would: Wish
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Blank Verse
• Much of R & J is written in it:–unrhymed verse–iambic (unstressed, stressed)
–pentameter( 5 “feet” to a line)• ends up to be 10 syllable lines
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Prose• Ordinary writing that is not
poetry, drama, or song–Only characters in the lower
social classes speak this way in Shakespeare’s plays
–Why do you suppose that is?
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Plot
•The sequence of events in a literary work
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Exposition• The plot usually begins with
this:
–introduces>>>>
•setting
•characters
•basic situation
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Inciting Moment
• Often called “initial incident”–the first bit of action that occurs
which begins the plot
–Romeo and Juliet “lock eyes” at the party
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Conflict
• The struggle that develops–man vs. man
–man vs. himself
–man vs. society
–man vs. nature
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Crisis
• The point where the protagonist’s situation will either get better or worse–protagonist>good guy
–antagonist>bad guy
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Climax
• The turning point of the story>everything begins to unravel from here –Thus begins the falling action
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Resolution
•The end of the central conflict
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Denouement
• The final explanation or outcome of the plot–If this is included in
literature, it will occur after the resolution.
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Tragedy (Shakespearean)• Drama where the central character/s
suffer disaster/great misfortune– In many tragedies, downfall results
from>
•Fate
•Character flaw/Fatal flaw
•Combination of the two
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Theme
•Central idea or >>
•Insight about life which explain the downfall
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Metaphorical Language
• Comparison of unlike things >–Paris standing over the “lifeless
body” of Juliet, “Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew…”
–“Thou detestable maw…”Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth…” Romeo
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Dramatic Foil
• A character whose purpose is to show off another character–Benvolio for Tybalt
•look for others in R & J
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Round characters
•Characters who have many personality traits, like real people.
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Flat Characters
• One-dimensional, embodying only a single trait–Shakespeare often uses them to
provide comic relief even in a tragedy
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Static Characters
• Characters within a story who remain the same. They do not change. They do not change their minds, opinions or character.
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Dynamic Character
• Characters that change somehow during the course of the plot. They generally change for the better.
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Monologue
• One person speaking on stage > may be other character on stage too–ex > the Prince of Verona
commanding the Capulets and Montagues to cease feuding
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Soliloquy
• Long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. In R & J, Romeo gives a soliloquy after the servant has fled and Paris has died.
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Aside
•Words spoken, usually in an undertone not intended to be heard by all characters
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Pun
• Shakespeare loved to use them!!!
–Humorous use of a word with two meanings > sometimes missed by the reader because of Elizabethan language and sexual innuendo
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Direct Address
• Words that tell the reader who is being addressed:
• “A right fair mark, fair coz, is soonest hit.”
• “Ah, my mistresses, which of you all/ Will now deny to dance?”
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Dramatic Irony
• A contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader/audience knows to be true
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Verbal Irony
•Words used to suggest the opposite of what is meant
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Situational Irony
• An event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience
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Comic Relief• Use of comedy within literature
that is NOT comedy to provide “relief” from seriousness or sadness.
• In R & J, look for moments of comic relief that help “relieve” the tragedy of the situation