BRIDGE

Dede Irfan – 5423144458D3 Teknik Sipil 2014

A. History

A Bridge is a public facility and is a part of structure built to span physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. A first bridges was made by human were probably a simple bridges, spans of cut wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, and using a crossbeam arrangement. Greece, The Ancient Romans, America and other country in Europe give a big contribution in evolution of bridge. In there, the architecs give many innovation in design, part of material and the structure of bridges.

B. Structure TypeBridge may be classified by how the forces of tension, compression, bending, torsion and

shear are distributed through their structure. And each other from the type have a advantages and disadvantages.

Picture the structure type of bridge

Beam Bridge Truss Bridge Cantilever Bridge Arch Bridge

Tied Arch Bridge Suspension Bridge Cable Stayed Bridge

Fix or Movable bridge, Viaducts, Three Ways-Bridge and Double-Decked Bridge also is a type of structure of the bridge. A Bridge built must suitable with, area, material and what the bridge use for.

C. Bridge Type by UsedA bridge can be categorized by what it is designed to carry, such as trains, pedestrian or

road traffic, a pipeline or waterway for water transport or barge traffic.

D. Bridge Type by Materials

Bridge Type Materials Used

Cantilever

For small footbridges, the cantilevers may be simple beams; however,

large cantilever bridges designed to handle road or rail traffic use trusses

built from structural steel, or box girders built from prestressed concrete.

Suspension

The cables are usually made of steel cables coated with Zinc, along with

most of the bridge, but some bridges are still made with steel reinforced

concrete.

ArchStone, brick and other such materials that are strong in compression and

somewhat so in shear.

Beam

Pre-stressed concrete is an ideal material for beam bridge construction;

the concrete withstands the forces of compression well and the steel rods

imbedded within resist the forces of tension. Pre-stressed concrete also

tends to be one of the least expensive materials in construction.

TrussThe triangular pieces of Truss bridges are manufactured from straight and

steel bars, according to the truss bridge designs.

E. Bridge Failure The failure of bridges is of special concern for structural engineers in trying to learn

lessons vital to bridge design, construction and maintenance.

F. Bridge Maintain and MonitoringBridge maintenance consisting of a combination of structural health monitoring and

testing. This is regulated in country-specific engineer standards and includes e.g. an ongoing monitoring every three to six months, a simple test or inspection every two to three years and a major inspection every six to ten years.