AMICI CURIAE

Counsel for Proposed Amici Curiae

AMICI CURIAE

Zauderer

Zauderer

Zauderer

Amici Curiae

Amer. Meat Inst. v. USDA

Anonymous v. Grievance Comm.

Beeman v. Anthem Prescription Mgmt

Chiropractic Ass’n v. Hilleboe

Connecticut Bar Ass’n v. United States

Consolation Nursing Home v. Comm'r NY State Dep't of Health

CTIA-The Wireless Ass’n v. City of Berkeley

Discount Tobacco City & Lottery, Inc. v. U.S.

E. Fougera & Co. v. City of New York

Entm’t Software Ass’n v. Blagojevich

Envtl. Def. Ctr., Inc. v. EPA

Grossman v. Baumgartner,

Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co.

Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Bus. and Prof. Reg.

Louisville Gas Co. v. Coleman

Mills v. Giant of Maryland

Montgomery v. Daniels

Matsen v. New York State Dep’t of Motor Vehicles,)

N.Y. State Health Facilities Ass’n, Inc. v. Axelrod

Nat. Electrical Manufacturers Ass’n. NEMA v. Sorrell

New York State Restaurant Ass’n (NYSRA) v. New York City Bd. of Health

New York State Restaurant Ass’n v. New York City Board of Health (NYSRA I),

Nunez v. Giuliani

Pharm. Care Mgmt. Ass’n v. Rowe

Riley v. Nat’l Fed’n of the Blind

Safelite Grp., Inc. v. Jepsen

Sciortino v. Pepsico

Turek v. General Mills, 662 F. ............................................................................... 54

United States v. Philip Morris USA, Inc.,

Zauderer Office of Disciplinary Counsel

List of Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity

. Effect of Lower Sodium Intake on Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

How Much Sodium Should I Eat Per Day?

Why Should I Limit Sodium?

Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption and Daily Energy and Nutrient Intakes in US Adults

High Sodium Warnings Hit New York City Menus

Nutritional Value of Meals at Full-Service Restaurant Chains

. Projected Effect on Dietary Salt Reductions on Future Cardiovascular Disease

Sodium: The Sneaky Source of a Silent Killer

Additives in Advice on Food?,

. Food for Thought: How Will the Nutrition Labeling of Quick Service Restaurant Menu Items Influence Consumers’ Product Evaluations, Purchase Intentions, and Choices?

Is Reducing Dietary Sodium Controversial? Is It the Conduct of Studies With Flawed Research Methods That Is Controversial?

A Perspective From the World Hypertension League Executive Committee

Salt: The Dying Echoes of the Food Industry

High Sodium Restaurant Foods

Non-Profit Organizations Receiving Corporate Funding

Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults: United States, 2007-2010

Interactive Map - High Blood Pressure Death Rate per 100,000, All Ages, All Race, All Gender, 2011-2013

Get the Facts

High Blood Pressure Facts

Prevalence of Excess Sodium Intake in the United States - NHANES, 2009–2012

Salt Home

Vital Signs: Food Categories Contributing the Most to Sodium Consumption - United States, 2007-2008

. Methodological Issues in Cohort Studies That Relate Sodium Intake to Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease Risk—Measurement Matters,

Sodium and Potassium Intakes Among US Adults: NHANES 2003-2008

Lower Levels of Sodium Intake and Reduced Cardiovascular Risk

The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors

FDA Moves to Ban Trans Fat From US Food Supply

2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Draft Guidance for Industry: Voluntary Sodium Reduction Goals

FDA Issues Draft Guidance to Food Industry for Voluntarily Reducing Sodium in Processed and Commercially Prepared Food

FDA, Label Claims for Conventional Foods and Dietary Supplements

Sodium Reduction—Saving Lives by Putting Choice Into Consumers’ Hands

With Court’s Blessing, City to Begin Enforcing Sodium Rule June 6

. Compared with Usual Sodium Intake, Low- and Excessive-Sodium Diets are Associated with Increased Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

Smoking, High Blood Pressure and Being Overweight Top Three Preventable Causes of Death in the U.S.

Effect of Longer Term Modest Salt Reduction on Blood Pressure: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials

A Comprehensive Review on Salt and Health and Current Experience of Worldwide Salt Reduction Programmes,

Salt Intake and Mortality

Neighborhood Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Their Effects on Environmental Justice

Offline:What is Medicine’s 5 Sigma?

Resolved: There Is Sufficient Scientific Evidence That Decreasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Will Reduce the Prevalence of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Dietary Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: A Recommendation Worth Its Salt?

Lancet Attacked for Publishing Study Claiming Low-Salt Diet Could Kill You

Sodium Excretion and Risk of Developing Coronary Heart Disease

Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research

Relationship Between Funding Source and Conclusion Among Nutrition-Related Scientific Articles

Can Sodium Excretion From Single Fasting Urine Really Be Used for Estimation of Dietary Sodium Intake?

Association of Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion with Blood Pressure

Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update

Epiquery: NYC Interactive Health Data System - Community Health Survey

Research Group Funded by Coca-Cola to Disband

Potential Societal Savings From Reduced Sodium Consumption in the U.S. Adult Population

Fourteen-Year Trends in Sodium Content of Menu Offerings at Eight Leading Fast-Food Restaurants in the USA

Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet

And Now a Word From Our Sponsors: Are America’s Nutrition Professionals in the Pocket of Big Food?

The Natural Selection of Bad Science

. Salt Intake, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Disease: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Salt Wars

Why Do We Think We Know What We Know?

Food and Nutrient Intake Data: Taking a Look at the Nutritional Quality of Foods Eaten at Home and Away From Home

Nutritional Quality of Food Prepared at Home and Away From Home, 1977-2008

Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-Aged Women and Men

Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease: What the Data Show

Standards Needed for Salt Studies As ‘Big Food’ Takes Sides

Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children

daily

not

Smoking, High Blood Pressure and Being Overweight Top Three Preventable Causes of Death in the U.S.

See With Court’s Blessing, City to Begin Enforcing Sodium Rule June 6

See High Sodium Warnings Hit New York City Menus

Schulz v. State Executive

See Draft Guidance for Industry: Voluntary Sodium Reduction Goals at

See, e.g Mars Becomes First Food Giant to Call for FDA Salt Guidelines at

Nestle Supports Lower Sodium Targets at

See Interactive Map - High Blood Pressure Death Rate per 100,000 – All Ages/All Race/All Gender (2011-2013)

Epiquery: NYC Interactive Health Data System - Community Health Survey 2014 at

favors

See

AMICI CURIAE

amici curiae

Salt

at

Draft Guidance for Industry at

Sodium Reduction at

FDA Issues Draft Guidance to Food Industry for Voluntarily Reducing Sodium in Processed and Commercially Prepared Food at

Id. See also Sodium Reduction—Saving Lives by Putting Choice Into Consumers’ Hands

at

Id

Smoking, High Blood Pressure and Being Overweight, supra .

A Comprehensive Review on Salt and Health and Current Experience of Worldwide Salt Reduction Programmes,

The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors

atPrevalence of Excess Sodium Intake in the United States - NHANES, 2009–2012

atStrategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the U.S.

, supra Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D at

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, Vitamins at

What We Eat in America, NHANES 2011-2012 at

Salt Home atProjected Effect on Dietary Salt Reductions on Future

Cardiovascular Disease See also supra

Id.Potential Societal Savings From Reduced Sodium Consumption

in the U.S. Adult Populationsupra .

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update

Residual Lifetime Risk for Developing Hypertension in Middle-Aged Women and Men

supraGlobal Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular

CausesSodium and Cardiovascular Disease: What the Data Show

. Effect of Lower Sodium Intake on Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses at

Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children at

2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

at

low

IdIdSee, e.g Get the Facts

Guideline supraHow Much Sodium Should I Eat Per Day? at

High Blood Pressure Facts at

supra

Salt Intake and Mortality

Is Reducing Dietary Sodium Controversial? Is It the Conduct of Studies With Flawed Research Methods That Is Controversial? A Perspective From the World Hypertension League Executive Committee

. Methodological Issues in Cohort Studies That Relate Sodium Intake to Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

suprasupra

Lower Levels of Sodium Intake and Reduced Cardiovascular Risk

supra

i.e

supra supraCan Sodium Excretion From Single Fasting Urine Really Be

Used for Estimation of Dietary Sodium Intake?E.g Salt Intake, supra supra

supraId.

Effect of Longer Term Modest Salt Reduction on Blood Pressure: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials

. Compared with Usual Sodium Intake, Low- and Excessive-Sodium Diets are Associated with Increased Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

, supra Associations of Urinary Sodium Excretion With Cardiovascular Events in

Individuals With and Without Hypertension at

at

Lancet Attacked for Publishing Study Claiming Low-Salt Diet Could Kill Youat

Dietary Sodium and Cardiovascular Disease Risk—Measurement Matters at

IdId

supraId.Id.Id.

atThe Uncertainty of Sodium

Restriction in Heart Failure: We Can Do Better Than This at

Id.

Id.

id.

id.

Id.

see supra

consequence cause

not

Id.

Why Do We Think We Know What We Know?at

see

Offline: What is Medicine’s 5 Sigma?

The Natural Selection of Bad Scienceat

Scientific Studies at

suprasupra

Sodium Excretion and Risk of Developing Coronary Heart Disease

supra

strengthened

, supra. Salt Intake, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Disease: Meta-Analysis of

Prospective Studies

See supraSee supraSee, e.g Sodium: The Sneaky Source of a Silent

Killer

at

supra

Prevalence of Excess Sodium Intake in the United States supra atSalt at

Id.Sodium and Potassium Intakes Among US Adults: NHANES 2003-2008

Association of Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion with Blood Pressure

supra See also supra

E.g., Global Sodium, supraEffect of Lower Sodium Intake,

supra

See Addison’s Disease at

See supra

See alsosupra ,

Standards Needed for Salt Studies As ‘Big Food’ Takes Sidesat

IdRelationship Between Funding Source and Conclusion Among Nutrition-

Related Scientific Articles

Salt Wars atsee About Salt Institute at

trans

at

id.

Non-ProfitOrganizations Receiving Corporate Funding at

And Now a Word From Our Sponsors: Are America’s Nutrition Professionals in the Pocket of Big Food?

Additives in Advice on Food? at

FDA Moves to Ban Trans Fat From US Food Supply

see United States v. Philip Morris USA, Inc.,

Salt: The Dying Echoes of the Food Industry

Id see also

Saving Gotham supra

see

see Sugar Industry and Coronary Heart Disease Research

see

Research Group Funded by Coca-Cola to Disband

See

AtAt

Vital Signs: Food Categories Contributing the Most to Sodium Consumption—United States, 2007-2008

Nutritional Quality of Food Prepared at Home and Away From Home, 1977-2008 at

Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption and Daily Energy and Nutrient Intakes in US Adults

Id.Nutritional Value of Meals at Full-Service Restaurant Chains

High Sodium Restaurant Foods at

Fourteen-Year Trends in Sodium Content of Menu Offerings at Eight Leading Fast-Food Restaurants in the USA

Neighborhood Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Their Effects on Environmental Justice

Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults: United States, 2007-2010at

Neighborhood Disparities, supraCaloric Intake, supra

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2016 Update

Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet

Id., supra

Id.

Zauderer

Zauderer Office of

Disciplinary Counsel

. Food for Thought: How Will the Nutrition Labeling of Quick Service Restaurant Menu Items Influence Consumers’ Product Evaluations, Purchase Intentions, and Choices?

Why Should I Limit Sodium? at

Id. see also id.

not

Nat’l Electrical

Manufacturers Ass’n NEMA v. Sorrell

Zauderer

Anonymous v. Grievance Comm.

Zauderer

NEMA

Connecticut Bar Ass’n v. United States

Riley v. Nat’l Fed’n of the Blind

Entm’t Software Ass’n v. Blagojevichrestrictions

Safelite Grp., Inc. v. Jepsen

Zauderer

Discount Tobacco City &

Lottery, Inc. v. U.S.

CTIA-The Wireless Ass’n v.

City of Berkeley see also NEMA

Zauderer

supra

Zauderer

See New York State Restaurant Ass’n (NYSRA) v. New York City Bd. of

Health, Zauderer

significance

Disc. Tobacco

Zauderer

not

Zauderer

Zauderer

e.g.

CTIA-The Wireless Ass’n v. City of Berkeley

ad

infinitum

See supra

Resolved: There Is Sufficient Scientific Evidence That Decreasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Will Reduce the Prevalence of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

at

Zauderer

Zauderer

Zauderer

Zauderer

Zauderer

.

see

See, e.g NEMA Amer. Meat Inst. v. USDADisc. Tobacco

Pharm. Care Mgmt. Ass’n v. RoweEnvtl. Def. Ctr., Inc. v. EPA Beeman

v. Anthem Prescription MgmtSee Vital Signs supra

supra

Zauderer

New York State

Restaurant Ass’n (NYSRA) v. New York City Bd. of Health

Zauderer

Id. see also Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Bus. and Prof. Reg.

See

Id

supraId

Montgomery v. Daniels

Grossman v. Baumgartner,

see also Matsen v. New York State Dep’t of Motor Vehicles

Consolation Nursing Home v. Comm’r, NY State Dep’t of Health

any

Id accord N.Y. State Health Facilities

Ass’n, Inc. v. Axelrod

Grossman

see also Chiropractic Ass’n v. Hilleboe

see

supra

See N.Y.

State Health Facilities Ass’n,

E. Fougera & Co. v. City of New York

all See

See, e.g.,

Montgomery

See supra

Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co.

Montgomery

Louisville Gas Co. v. Coleman accord

Montgomery

See Food and Nutrient Intake Data: Taking a Look at the Nutritional Quality of Foods Eaten at Home and Away From Home

See supra

any Consolation

Nursing Home

see supra

Consolation Nursing Home

See also NYSRAexpressly

preempted

See also Sciortino v. Pepsico

Mills v. Giant of Maryland

See supra Mills

see

See Sciortino

et seq

List of Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity at

ipse dixit

See

improve

See

et seq e.g.,

positive

benefit

See cf. id.

negative

beneficial

See

positive

See et seq.

See

Turek v. General Mills

Turek private

See Turek v. General Mills

plaintiff

, Label Claims for Conventional Foods and Dietary Supplements

See, e.g., New York State

Restaurant Ass’n v. New York City Board of Health (NYSRA I),

i.e

See supra,Mills v. Giant of Maryland, LLC aff'd

See id

Id

tmermin@publicgoodlaw.org

imclaughlin@changelabsolutions.org

kerry.cork@mitchellhamline.edu

Amici Curiae

AMICI CURIAE