briefing on water apportionment accord 1991 8th june, 2012

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

1

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

2

BRIEFING BRIEFING ONON

WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD 1991WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD 1991

88thth June, 2012 June, 2012

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

3

INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEMOVER VIEW

▀ Indus Basin Irrigation System is the largest contiguous gravity flow network in the World.

▀ River flows are highly fluctuating – 70% flows occur during 3 monsoon months.

▀ Current reservoir’s capacity is inadequate to balance the river flow fluctuations. Sedimentation has further reduced storage capacity by 26%.

▀ Pakistan has become a water-scarce country.

▀ System is designed for low Irrigation intensities – actual Irrigation intensities have now almost doubled.

▀ Ground water contributes 40 – 50% of Irrigation requirements

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

4

MAP OF INDUS BASIN

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

5

PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM: SALIENT FEATURES

Headworks / Barrages : 13

Main Canal Systems : 25

Length of Main Canals and Branches : 3993 Miles

Length of Distributaries and Minors : 19191 Miles

Total : 23184 Miles

Length of Inter River Link Canals : 528 Miles

Off-take capacity of Main Canals : 1.2 Lac Cs

Off-take Capacity of Link Canals : 1.1 Lac Cs

Total Outlets : 58000

G.C.A : 23.35 m.a

C.C.A : 20.78 m.aa. Perennial : 12.94 m.ab. Non-Perennial : 7.84 m.a

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

6

Over all designed Annual Irrigation : 13.96 m.a

Overall Designed Annual Intensity : 67 %

Actual Irrigation : 25.2 m.a

Actual Intensity : 120-130 %

SCARP Tubewells : 1060

Private Tubewells : 800,000

Length of Flood Embankments : 1600 Miles

Length of Surface Drains : 4800 Miles

Small Dams : 46 + 13

PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM: SALIENT FEATURES

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

77

► In post Treaty period Pakistan / Punjab canals have been grouped in following two Zones for the purpose of receiving river supply.

i) Jhelum – Chenab Zone or Mangla Command Canals.

ii) Indus Zone or Tarbela Command Canals.

PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM IMPACT OF INDUS WATERS TREATY

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

8


Mangla Command CanalsUpper Jhelum canal Upper & Lower Depalpur CanalLower Jhelum Canal Upper Pakpattan CanalUpper Chenab Canal Eastern Sadiqia CanalLower Chenab Canal Fordwah Canal Lower Bari Doab Canal Upper Bahawal Canal

Central Bari Doab Canal Qaim Canal

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

9


Punjab Tarbela Command CanalsThal Canal Mailsi CanalMuzaffargarh Canal Lower Bahawal CanalDera Ghazi Canal Panjnad CanalHaveli Canal Abbasia CanalSidhnai Canal Abbasi Link Canal

Rangpur Canal Greater Thal CanalLower Pakpattan Canal Chashma Right Bank Canal

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

10

INDUS BASIN WATER REQUIREMENTS

ProvinceMain Canal

Systems

(No.)

Command Area

(M. Acres)

Average Uses

(MAF)

Water Accord Share

(MAF)

Punjab 25 21.0 54.49 55.94

Sindh 15 12.8 43.04 48.76

KPK 10 0.73 3.09 5.78

Balochistan 2 0.97 2.11 3.87

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

11

► In post Treaty period Punjab canals receive water from the following

two sources

■ Mangla Command Canals receive the available flow supplies in

Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej Rivers supplemented by releases from

Mangla Reservoir. These Canals irrigate about 13 Million acres in

Northern & Central Punjab Districts

■ Tarbela Command Canals receive flow supplies of Kabul River

and releases from Tarbela Reservoir. These Canals irrigate about

8 Million Acres in Southern Punjab Districts

PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

12

PAKISTAN IRRIGATION NETWORKBELOW RIM STATIONS

Canals No. Command Area (M-Acres)

Mangla Command

Punjab 13 13.0

Tarbela Command

KPK 2 0.32

Punjab 12 8.0

Sindh 15 13.2

Balochistan 2 0.82

Total 44 35.4

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

13

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

14

Controversy Regarding Sharing Of Indus Basin Rivers Supply Between Punjab And Sindh Arose In 1921. The Then Govt. Of India Appointed Various Commissions / Committees To Resolve This Issue. Anderson Committee Appointed In 1935 Determined Shares Of Each

Canal In Punjab And Sindh Which Remained Operative Till 1947. Sharing Arrangements In Vogue In 1947 Remained Operative Till 1970

Under Provisions Of Indus Waters Treaty Signed With India. Govt. Of Pakistan Appointed Akhtar Hussain Committee (1968) Fazal-e-akbar Committee (1970) And Haleem Commission (1983) But No Decision Could Be Finalized. Availabile River Supply Shared On Adhoc Basis From 1971 To 1991 Mainly According To Historic Uses. Water Apportionment Accord Agreed In 1991 And Is Operative Since

Then.

WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

15

Pre-1947 According to share of each Canal System determined by various Commissions and Committees

appointed by the then Govt. of India

1947 – 1970 As per Pre-1947 arrangements

1971 – 1990 On Adhoc basis as determined by Federal Ministry of Water and Power primarily based on Historic

Uses

1991 – to date As per provisions of Water Apportionment Accord of 1991

WATER SHARING ARRANGEMENTSHISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

16

APPORTIONMENT OF WATERS OF THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM BETWEEN THE PROVINCES-ACCORD 1991

PROVINCES KHARIF RABI TOTALPUNJAB 37.07 18.87 55.94SINDH* 33.94 14.82 48.76N.W.F.P (a) 3.48 2.30 5.78CIVIL CANALS (b)** 1.80 1.20 3.00BALUCHISTAN 2.85 1.02 3.87TOTAL 77.34 37.01 114.35CIVIL CANALS (b)** 1.80 1.20 3.00

* Including Already Sanctioned Urban And Industrial Uses For * Including Already Sanctioned Urban And Industrial Uses For Metropolitan Karachi.Metropolitan Karachi.

**Un-gauged Civil Canals Above The Rim Stations.**Un-gauged Civil Canals Above The Rim Stations.

(MAF)

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

17

PARA (3)

NWFP / Balochistan Projects which are under execution have been provided their authorized quota of water as existing uses.

PARA (4)

Balance River supplies (including flood supplies and future storages).

Punjab Sindh Balochistan NWFP Total37% 37% 12% 14% 100%

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

18

SALIENT FEATURES OF ACCORD 1991SALIENT FEATURES OF ACCORD 1991

► Existing uses of Provinces remain untouched and protected.

► No restrictions on Balochistan to develop Water Resources of Indus Tributaries flowing through its area.

► Water sharing mechanism defined in Para 14(b).

► Provinces are free to utilize their share in any Canal System including Link Canals.

► Need for additional storages on the Indus and other Rivers admitted.

► Need for establishing Indus River System Authority recognized.

► IRSA to have representation from the four Provinces.

► Provinces free to undertake new Projects within their agreed shares.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

19

WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD ACTUAL AVERAGE SYSTEM USES 1977-82

KHARIF RABI TOTALPROVINCE (MAF) (MAF) (MAF)

PUNJAB 34.66 19.83 54.49SINDH 28.11 14.93 43.04KPK 1.80 1.28 *3.09BALUCHISTAN 1.29 0.82 2.11TOTAL 65.86 36.87 102.73

* Excluding about 3 MAF of Civil Canals in KPK* Excluding about 3 MAF of Civil Canals in KPK

(MAF)

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

20

WATER APPORTIONMENT ACCORD

KHARIFKHARIF RABIRABI TOTALTOTAL

PROVINCEPROVINCE Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations

Avg Uses Avg Uses 77-8277-82

Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations


Accord Accord AllocationsAllocations


PUNJABPUNJAB37.0737.07(+7%)(+7%)

34.6634.6618.8718.87(-4%)(-4%)

19.8319.8355.9455.94(+3%)(+3%)

54.4954.49

SINDHSINDH33.9433.94

(+21%)(+21%)28.1128.11

14.8214.82(-1%)(-1%)

14.9314.9348.7648.76

(+13%)(+13%)43.0443.04

NWFP (a) NWFP (a) CIVIL CANAL(b)CIVIL CANAL(b)

3.483.48(+93%)(+93%)

1.801.802.302.30

(+78%)(+78%)1.291.29

5.785.78(+87%)(+87%)

3.093.09

1.801.80 N.A.N.A. 1.201.20 N.A.N.A. 3.003.00 N.A.N.A.

BLOCHISTANBLOCHISTAN2.852.85

(+121%)(+121%)1.291.29

1.021.02(+24%)(+24%)

0.820.823.873.87

(+83%)(+83%)2.112.11

TotalTotal 77.3477.34 65.8665.86 37.0137.01 36.8736.87 114.35114.35 102.73102.73

CIVIL CANAL(b)CIVIL CANAL(b) 1.801.80 N.A.N.A. 1.201.20 N.A.N.A. 3.03.0 N.A.N.A.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

21

SHARING MECHANISM

PARA 14(b) OF ACCORD

14(b) The record of actual Average System uses for the period 1977-

82 would form the guide line for developing a future regulation

pattern. These ten daily uses would be adjusted pro-rata to

correspond to indicated seasonal allocations of the different

canal systems and would form the basis for sharing

shortages and surpluses on all Pakistan basis.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

22

► IRSA was established under an Act of the Parliament in 1992 to implement the Water Accord.

► IRSA Comprises Five Members. One from each Province and one from Federal Government.

► First Chairman Member Balochistan followed by NWFP, Punjab, Sindh and Federal.

► Term of Office

Chairman One Year

Member Three Years

INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

23

► Decisions are taken by majority votes.

► In case of equality of votes, Chairman exercises casting vote.

► Aggrieved party to approach Council of Common Interest for re-dressal.

DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN IRSA

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

24

► IRSA prepares the Forecast of Water Availability for Kharif and Rabi crops. ► Based on Water Availability Forecast IRSA determines Provincial

shares according to Water Accord Provisions.

► Punjab prepares Canal Operation / Distribution Programme based on its share in consultation with Punjab Agriculture Department.

► If Punjab share is short of requirements Rotational Programme of operation of channels is prepared and implemented by the field formations.

► Wide publicity is given to the Canal Operation Programme through Press and Electronic Media.

WATER DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

25

► At village level Warabandi Programme of each Outlet is

prepared and operated in consultation with Khal punchayts.

► IRSA closely monitor water utilized by each Province to ensure

that it remains with in the Provincial share.

► Director Indus Waters Treaty & Regulation in the Irrigation

Department is to regulate and operate Punjab Canals according

to Punjab Share.

WATER DISTRIBUTION PROCEDURE

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

26

▀ Sindh holds the view that available water should be distributed in

proportion to the Provincial shares allocated under Para (2) of

the Water Accord.

Punjab emphasizes that the mechanism for distribution of

available water is laid down in Para 14(b) of the Water Accord which

stipulates that the surpluses and shortages are to be shared on the

basis of 1977-82 Average System Uses.

Presently the average water availability is around 103 MAF

against 114.35 MAF allocated to Provinces under Para (2).

Shortfall in the existing and Para(2) allocations is about 11.0 MAF

which can be made good only by constructing new Mega Dams.

WATER DISTRIBUTION ISSUES

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

27

Calculations indicate that if existing availability (103 MAF) is

distributed according to Accord Para (2) Punjab’s existing

uses during Kharif would reduce by 10% and Sindh’s existing

uses would be enhanced by 1.2%. This would negate the

assurances given in the Accord.

Keeping in view the Provincial views of Sindh and Punjab

IRSA adopted a three tier formula in Kharif 2003 with the approval

of the four Provinces. This formula is well with in the ambit of

Water Accord and is in operation since the last fifteen crop

seasons.

WATER DISTRIBUTION ISSUES

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

28

WATER SHARING ARRANGEMENTS FOLLOWED BY IRSA AS PER WATER ACCORD.

If water availability is equal to or less than 1977-82 Average System Uses.

In ratio of Average System uses of 1977-82

If water availability is more than Average System Uses but less than Para (2) Allocations.

As per Average System uses of 1977-82 and additional availability according to Para (2) Allocations.

If water availability is equal to Para (2) Allocations.

As per Para (2) Allocations.

If water availability is more than Para (2) Allocations.

According to Para (2) Allocations Plus balance according to Para 4 (Flood Supplies)

(Three Tier Formula)

Pakhtoon Khaw and Balochistan are exempted from sharing shortages.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

29

CHALLENGES FOR PAKISTAN IN THE IMPENDING WATER SCRACITY REGIME

► Effect of climate changes on the river flows.

► Loss of Mangla and Tarbela reservoirs storage capacities due to

sedimentation.

► Increasing demand of water due to population growth, development

in the Agriculture Sector, Industrial Sector, domestic uses and

water supply needs.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

30


► Depletion of Ground Water level due to excessive pumping from

the ground water reservoir.

► Conflict and disputes on sharing of water shortages amongst the

stake holders.

► Loss of water in river reaches and low Irrigation efficiencies. ► Food security and water shortages.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

31


► Development of water resources in Pakistan like construction of

new storage Dams.

► Conservations of the existing Water availability by: i) Lining of Channels and water courses.

ii) Change of cropping pattern to suit the existing water availability and switching over to low delta crops as compared to crops requiring more water.

iii) Improving Irrigation techniques and switching over to sprinkling and drip irrigation methods where ever

possible.

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

Gov

ernm

ent o

f the

Pun

jab

32

THANKSTHANKS

briefing on water apportionment accord 1991 8th june, 2012

Documents