“bringing the global perspective home: issues in assessing and testing international...
TRANSCRIPT
“Bringing the Global Perspective Home: Issues in Assessing and
Testing International Pharmacists”
Christyna SchillemoreR. Ph., B.Sc.Phm., M.Ed.
Manager, Registration ProgramsOntario College of Pharmacists
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
Ontario received 57% of immigrants to Canada
Quebec 16%
British Columbia 15%
2001 to 2003
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
In 2003 approx 120,000 immigrants to Ontario – 84% settle in GTA70% have post secondary education
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
Ontario has the most diverse population in Canada - 27% are foreign born44% of Toronto residents are foreign bornImmigrants account for 50% of Canada’s population growth
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Acronyms
ACPE American Council for Pharmacy Education
AFPC Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada
CCAPP
Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs
IPG International Pharmacy Graduate
MTCU Ministry of Training Colleges & Universities
OCP Ontario College of Pharmacists
PEBC Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada
SPT Structured Practical Training
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Ontario College of Pharmacists
10,000 Members25% are educated outside Canada25% are educated in other provinces and the U.S.50 % are educated at the University of Toronto
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Requirements for Licensure as a Pharmacist
in OntarioPharmacists Educated in
Canada/USPharmacists Educated Outside North America
Degree from Accredited program
(Practical training through clinical rotations)
Degree/Credentials evaluated by PEBC
Fluency, PEBC Evaluating Exam
12 weeks internship 48 Weeks In-Service Training16 Weeks IPG program16 Weeks Studentship16 Weeks Internship
PEBC Qualifying Exam PEBC Qualifying Exam
Jurisprudence Exam Jurisprudence Exam
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Rationale for IPG Program
Trends – increase in number of internationally trained pharmacistsAdoption of a set of National Competencies for pharmacistsChanges in training requirements Changes in the National Licensing Exam
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Feedback from focus groups of international pharmacists & preceptorsResults from Quality Assurance Practice ReviewDifferent standards between Canadian Pharmacy programs and those outside North America
Rationale for IPG Program cont’d
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
International Pharmacy Graduate (IPG) Program
OCP Grant to Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto for 3 yearsDevelopmental costsFaculty to provide access to resources and existing coursesGoal: Similar competency outcomes for IPGs and U of T/Canadian students
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
IPG Program Expansion
$3 million in grants from MTCUPartnership between the Government, University Faculty and OCP
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
IPG Program Overview
PRIOR LEARNING ASSESSMENT – to evaluate each individual’s specific learning needs and level of practice readinessEDUCATION – customized learning from curricula packaged as 2 eight week academic modules
(CPS I & II)MENTORSHIP – to enhance links to the pharmacist community and to facilitate professional enculturation and post-program employmentDISTANT TECHNOLOGIES – to reduce barriers to access & make program components available throughout the province
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Lessons Learned from the IPG Program
Build on fluency with profession specific language and supportsPrevious Canadian Workplace experience to provide context for learningEnculturation to Canadian workplace is important
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Lessons Learned from the IPG Program cont’d
Need close linkages to employers for training placements, financial supports & job opportunitiesCommunication pathways important
Sustainability of programAccessibility of program (geographic & financial)Marketing value of the program
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Assessment and Testing
IPG ProgramInternational Candidates are treated as a
homogeneous group but are not Ethical perspectives and cultural contexts misperceptions Formative feedback Cultural competence vis a vis test taking Self assessment Role play
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Assessment and Testing cont’d
National Licensing Exam (PEBC)Limit on the number of attempts on the national licensing examSome candidates do not take the limit seriously until too lateComputer based testing not currently available- cost, security concernsTesting not available outside CanadaNature of OSCE does not allow widespread testing
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Licensing
IPG program is a mandatory but exemptible requirementIt appears on paper that circumventing the IPG program is cheaper, faster route to licensureIPG program is not yet widely available across the provinceUniversity is not ready to guarantee the offering of IPG program without base funding
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Culture
“Culture is like water to a fish. A fish does not know water exists until it jumps out of it.”
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Cultural Competence
“…is defined as a set of congruent behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals and enables that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations”.
(Cross et al., 1989; Isaacs & Benjamin 1991.)
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Cultural Competence
Language of practiceSocial language- verbal/nonverbalUnderstanding of Canadian healthcare systemValues and norms (e.g. ethics)Workplace norms ( teamwork, management, performance, hierarchy)
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Hidden Costs of Pharmacists Lacking Cultural Competence
Lack of confidence or ability to use professional judgmentLack of communication skills and cultural competency can result in the escalation of dispensing errorsImpact of using inappropriate or overly technical language in counsellingFailure to thrive in the workplace
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Websites of Interest
Regulators Consortium www.regulators4access.ca
OCP www.ocpinfo.com
IPG Program www.ipgcanada.ca
PEBC www.pebc.ca
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual ConferenceSeptember 15-17 Phoenix, Arizona
Speaker Contact Information
Christyna SchillemoreOntario College of Pharmacists
483 Huron Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada M4R 2R4
Phone: 416-962-4861 x242, Fax: [email protected]
www.ocpinfo.com