BRITAIN GETS BUSY… T.C.B: “TAKIN CARE OF BIDNESS”… ENGLISH DEVELOPMENT13 COLONIES

Sweaty Betty I her heirs continue to build on her dream the Stuarts: James I and II Charles I and II but 1560-1688 is a period of great politicalupheaval in Britain so progress is slow

British monarchs are determined to get Britain an empire. Elizabeth cannot start until the Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. In the meanwhile , she did:

1. hire privateers - Drake, Raleigh, Frobisher: Sea Dogs 2. aided any anti-Hapsburg cause 3. made an attempt with ROANOKE in 1586

VIRGINIA all Brit claims in N. America

LOUISIANA all French claims in N. America

NEW SPAINEnglish Civil War 1640-1650 Parliament v. KingRoundheads v. Cavaliers

• Jamestown (1607)• Virginia Company

• Plymouth (1620)• Massachusetts Bay (1630)• Connecticut and Rhode Island (1636) - Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson* New York (1625) taken by force from the Dutch who had named it New Amsterdam and named for the King’s bro• New Hampshire (1623)• Delaware (1628) Brits muscle out the Swedes and name it for the Guv of Virginia• Maryland (1632) - Chas. Carroll, the Lord of Baltimore, establishes it as a secret Catholic crib - named for the Queen of England or the Queen of Heaven - Jesuits show up - establish plantations = SLAVES !!!!!???? - Lord Charlie’s grandson is one John Carroll of University Heights fame• Pennsylvania (1681) - William Penn’s haven for the Quakers (Society of Friends)• Carolina(s) (1663) - owned by the King’s poker buddies• New Jersey (1664) - owned by more of the Crown’s cronies - Fogetaboutit• Georgia (1732) - Jas. Oglethorpe ‘s little business operation using indentured servants as workers… and target practice for the Spanish sitting across the border in the FLA. Penal colony and buffer zone

13 COLONIES PRIMARILY A BUSINESS VENTURE OF THE WELL CONNECTED IN BRITAIN. THERE PURPOSE WAS TWO-FOLD: 1. MAKE BRITAIN AN EMPIRE. 2. MAKE $$$$$ FOR THE GUYS BACKING THEM

THREE TYPES OF COLONY CHARTERS - government grant of permission to exist/do business

- rules of incorporation; license to do business 1. CHARTER (corporate) colony - owned by a joint-stock company (group of investors) 2. PROPRIETORY colony - owned by an individual 3. ROYAL colony - controlled by the royal government. Eventually all 13 colonies’ charters taken back by the government, and declared ROYAL

The real story of the “Lucky 13” is the idea of SALUTARY NEGLECTThe 13 colonies gradually became self-sufficient because Britain cared only for the principles of

MERCANTILISM: colonies = $Creates a closed circuit of cash flow

1. Get yourself some colonies2. Establish laws like, the Navigation Laws –strict trade laws

Colonies are source of raw materials and as a market for manufactured goods3. Trade is perfectly balanced = keep all the gold (bullionism)

What’s a Pilgrim? What’s a Puritan?

Pilgrims are SEPARATISTS – wanted to break completely from the Church of England PURITANS – only wanted to “purify” CE of its Roman Catholic touches

Both dudes were flashy dressers and real party animals ----- NOT

Pilgrims ripped off the Virginia Company and hijack the Mayflower - Mayflower Compact first set of written law in America - November 1621 Squanto brings tribe over for celebratory thanksgiving with John Bradford and the Pilgrims for surviving first year at Plymouth.

Puritans and John Winthrop show up in 1630 at Massachusetts Bay as employees of the Mass Bay Company. Boston to be “a city on the Hill”. By 1642 25000 religious weirdoes in area- Pilgrims and Plymouth merged out of existence by Mass Bay Incorporated.

Puritans motivated by pre-destination and what will be called the work ethic

House of Burgesses @ Williamsburg– Virginia’s government

Jamestown incorporated into Virginia and headquartered at Williamsburg – put under authority of the Va. Co. – but because of salutary neglect, the House Of Burgesses is the government of Virginia

“brown gold” = tobacco is king John Rolfe : creates tobacco as a $ maker for Britain

The great ca$h crop$ of the Southern colonies: 1. tobacco

2. rice3. cotton4. indigo5. hemp

Northern colonies chip in with “naval stores”= lumber and pine tar