british imperialism in afghanistan
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British Imperialism in
AfghanistanDecember 4, 2012
John Palmer Rea
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Background
• Afghanistan was a key
to India
• Was a main piece in the
“Great Game”
• Struggle between the
UK and Russia
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First anglo-afghan war
• 1839
• British invasion of Afghanistan
• Needed to secure Afghanistan because of its
importance in the Great Game
• Also, to expand the British East India Company
• Initially, this was a success.
• Great Britian attempted repeatedly to impose a
puppet government
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1st A-A War, ctd.
• 1842
• Failure started coming about, both in the military and
political realms.
• Slaughter of British army
• Afghan puppet ruler tried to convince Afghans that he
convinced the British to leave
• British bail out of Afghanistan.
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Second anglo-afghan war
• Provoked by a new interest by Russia
• Treaty of Gandamak – British vowed to not go
further into Afghanistan.
• The British imposed head was revolted against and
taken off the thrown and the British run out of town.
• British argued they “preserved honor” by massacring
Afghan villages as they marched out.
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Durand line
• 1893
• British imperialist government demanded to draw a line
between Afghanistan and British India
• This was an informal end to British imperialistic influence
in Afghanistan.
• A similar line was tried twice before, but did not work.
• Two goals in the eyes of the British
• Gain as much land and population of Afghanistan as
possible
• Establish a defensive perimeter and control passes of the
Hindu Kush mountains
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Durand Line
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repercussions
• Durand Line laid a foundation for a rocky
relationship between Afghanistan and all other
countries.
• All things considered, this worked out well for the
British as they could control British India well, but it
was not a great victory by any stretch.
• Afghanistan lost 1/3 of its population and some of its
most fertile land in the Peshawar region.
• Eventually, Afghanistan gained their independence
after the Third Anglo-Afghan War.
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Bibliography
Barthorp, Michael. Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947. London: Cassell, 2002. Print.
Forbes, Archibald. The Afghan Wars, 1839-42 and 1878-80. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1892. Print.
J.A. Norris. Anglo-Afghan Relations. Encyclopedia Iranica. 2010. Online.
Tanner, Stephen. Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander the Great to the Fall of the Taliban. New York: Da Capo, 2002. Print.
Vogelsang, W. J. The Afghans. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2002. Print.