broad data

Tetherless World Constellation

Broad Data

Jim HendlerTetherless World Constellation

Tetherless World Professor of Computer and Cognitive ScienceDirector, Information Technology and Web Science Program

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institutehttp://www.cs.rpi.edu/~hendler

@jahendler (twitter)


Outline (if I stick to it)

• Big Data ≠ Broad Data• Broad Data problem• Broad Data Example

– Open Government Data

• Broad Data challenges• How can you make money off this

stuff?


BIG Data

• The term “Big Data” is widely used nowadays– 3 main contexts

• The large data collections of “big science” projects

• The data holdings of a Google, Facebook or other large Web company

• The enterprise data of large, non-Web-based companies (IBM, TATA, etc.)


Big Data Challenge: Scaling

• Most of the focus of (current) Big Data research is on scaling (traditional) database-related technologies– Schema Modeling – Data Warehousing– Datamining– Statistical analysis– Mathematical Analytics – …


How BIG is Big?

• Science uses some extremely large databases and many of them are crucial to society– Petabytes of Data

• World Wide Web data is also extremely large– With primary resources to explore it held by

companies• eg. Facebook

– 25 Terabytes of logged data per day; valuation $100B?

• eg. Google– In 2008 it was estimated at 20 petabytes per day (not including

youTube); 2010 valuation >$190B


Big Data

Facebook generates terabytes of data per dayWhat could be learned from this?


BIG Data

Google uses their data in many waysSearch => ads => user


Big Data is becoming different on the Web

• New Work– is moving away from traditional relational

models • cf. NoSQL

– Moving towards third party application and extension

• cf. Mobile apps for local governments

– Includes a focus on interoperability and exchange with “lightweight” semantics

• Using ideas from the Semantic Web– Search: Schema.org – Social Networking: OGP


BROAD data

• 4th context: Broad Data – The huge amount of freely available, but widely varied,

Open Data on the World Wide Web (Structured and Semi-structured)

• Example: The extended Facebook OGP graph (the part outside Facebook’s datasets)

• Example: The growing linked open data cloud of freely available RDF linked data

• Example: More than 710,000 datasets that are available on the Web free from governments around the world


Example: adding “Breadth”

April 2010


Facebook’s Open Graph Protocol

• Facebook now allows other sites to extend the graph • Open Graph Protocol uses RDFa to let web sites contain

information about the things people “like”og:title - The title of your object as it should appear within the graph, e.g., "The Rock".og:type - The type of your object, e.g., "movie". Depending on the type you specify, other properties may also be required.og:image - An image URL which should represent your object within the graph.og:url - The canonical URL of your object that will be used as its permanent ID in the graphog:description - A one to two sentence description of your object.og:site_name - If your object is part of a larger web site, the name which should be displayed for the overall site. e.g., "IMDb".

– Not a traditional “ontology”


OGP use growing quickly

15,178 sites of top 1,000,000 as of 3/3/11

In Sept 2012 Facebook announced extension of OGP for new uses


Goal: OGP-powered social (e-commerce) apps


Broad data (in Science)

• The “Deep Web” in Science (cf. Fox 2011)

– Data behind web services– Data behind query interfaces (databases or

files)

• Introduces a different curation problem

14


Broad Data Science

(Fox &Hendler, Science, 2/11/10)


BROAD data challenges

• For broad data the new challenges that emerge include – (Web-scale) data search – “Crowd-sourced” modeling– rapid (and potentially ad hoc) integration of

datasets– visualization and analysis of only-partially

modeled datasets– policies for data use, reuse and

combination.


Example: Government Data on the Web


Government Data Sharing: “Year 1”Ja

nu

ary

1,

20

09

“Openness will strengthen our democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government.”

--- President Obama

Putting Govt Data online-Data.gov.uk beta

Ma

y 2

1,

20

09

Jan

ua

ry 1

9,

20

10

data.gov.uk online

Ma

y 2

1,

20

10

data.gov online data.gov relaunchwith semantic webfeatured

Jun

e3

0,2

00

9

De

cem

be

r 8

, 2

00

9

“Open GovernmentDirective” released

2009 2010 …

57 Data Sets

~6000 Data Set

~2000 Data Sets

>305,000 Data Sets


Government Data Sharing: Year 2


Government Data Sharing: Year 3

2012 so far:

http://www.gouv.frReleased 300,000 French databases

US/India to release Open Government Platform

Kenya announces “Open Africa” project


Government Data in the linked open data cloud

http://linkeddata.org/

Government Data is currently over ½ the cloud in size (~17B triples), 10s of thousands of links to other data (within and without)


Important to the citizens: eg. Education

Data.gov.ukRPI NYS demos


Government “Data” Mashups


Data.gov + epa.gov


Linking GDP of the US and China

GDP of China (Billion Chinese Yuan )

GDP of the US (Billion Dollar)

[Temporal Mashup] bea.gov + federalreserve.gov +stats.gov.cn


Linking GDP of the US and China

GDP of China (Billion Chinese Yuan )

GDP of the US (Billion Dollar)

[Temporal Mashup] bea.gov + federalreserve.gov +stats.gov.cn

This mashup was built in less than 4 hours – including conversion of data, web interface, and visualization!


Linking to “context” important

Datasets: acres burned, and agency budgetsDbpedia: wikipedia descriptions of major US fires


Integrate with Social media


Combining data from different data sharing sites


http://logd.tw.rpi.edu demos, tutorials, RDF-ized datasets, and more


Broad Data “Integration”requires simple semantics


Example any wikipedia topic!


Metadata is crucial for Broad Data

• Metadata design is crucial to govt data sharing– Needed for search and federation in large data

sharing efforts

• International data sharing – W3C Govt Linked Data Working Group

– Need for vocabularies within govt sectors• Esp for cross-langauge use

– How can we compare health (or legal, or social, or ….) data between countries like US, UK, India, Kenya (English) with Norway, China, France, etc.

– How can we link local govts (in traditional languages, local dialects, etc) w/national data


International Open Government Data Search


Searching for data

• Faceted browser with– Keyword search– Catalogs– Countries– Agencies– Categories– (in any order)


Details and download…

http://logd.tw.rpi.edu/demo/international_dataset_catalog_search


Research in Govt Data => Broad Data challenges

• Trust– Government data is controversial, and potentially biased

• How do we confirm or dispute?

• Combination– When we combine data we need to keep the provenance of information

(see trust)• How do we make policies explicit and sharable

• Scaling– Our project has already converted 9.9B triples from only >2,000 of the

710,000 government databases we can identify (116 catalogs, 32 countries, 16 languages)

• Cross-catalog• Cross Langauge

• Versioning and updating • Archiving• Visualization• …


Exploring new visualizations

Data from http://littlesis.org


Reaching beyond the government


Broad Data Goes Beyond the Govt

http://linkeddata.org/


Broad Data Challenges

• Finding and Using Broad Data is an emerging challenge– How do I find a dataset in the many out there that

might be of use to me?• Cannot keyword search in data

– How do I know what is in a large data store? In the cloud?

• What is the coverage?• What is the access? • Who do I need to ask for what

– What are the rules about using it?• What can I combine it with?• How do downstream users know I’ve combined it


Broad Data Market?

• Significant and growing commercial interest…– Web: Google, Amazon, Travelocity…– Web 2.0: Facebook, Wikipedia,

YouTube, Twitter…– Web 3.0: ??


Broad Data Market?

• Significant and growing commercial interest…– Web: Google, Amazon, Travelocity…– Web 2.0: Facebook, Wikipedia,

YouTube, Twitter…– Web 3.0: ??

Broad Data Goes Here


Research (and business) Opportunities

• Broad Data is a great field for those looking for emerging opportunities– Tooling is needed– (Business) Models are just starting to emerge– Scalability Infrastructure is there– Massive Distribution (think mobile) is wide

open to Web 3.0 innovation

• Govt data gives us a place to cooperate (with public good) while exploring all of the above


Conclusions

• Big data is going Broad– World Wide Web trend towards more and more

varied data• In many domains

– E-commerce, Open Govt, many more (cf. Health/Medical care)

• Broad data requires thinking outside the “Database” box

• Broad data opens exciting possibilities for research and innovation– Come play!