brown - 8 processes involved in listening comprehension
TRANSCRIPT
8 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
- From H. D. Brown’s Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck(aka SamuraiTheologian)
Process “Raw Speech”
1. PROCESS “RAW SPEECH”
The hearer processes what “raw speech” and holds an “image” of it in short-term
memory. This image consists of the constituents* of a stream of speech.
Constituents of Speech
Phrases
Clauses
Cohesive Markers
Intonation
Stress Patterns
Determine Type of Speech
2. DETERMINE TYPE OF SPEECH
The hearer determines the type of speech event* being processed and then appropriately “colors” the interpretation
of the perceived message.
Types of Speech Events (EXAMPLES)
A Conversations
A Speech
A Radio Broadcast
Infer Speaker Objectives
3. INFER SPEAKER OBJECTIVES
The hearer infers the objectives of the speaker through consideration of the
type of speech event, the context, and the content.
Objectives of Speakers (EXAMPLES)
Persuasion
Request
Exchange Pleasantries
Affirm
Deny
Inform
Background Information Recalled
4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION RECALLED
The hearer recalls background information (schemata) relevant to the particular context and subject matter. A lifetime of experiences and knowledge is used to perform cognitive associations in order to bring a plausible interpretation
to the message.
Literal Meaning Assigned
5. LITERAL MEANING ASSIGNED TO UTTERANCE
The hearer assigns a literal meaning to the utterance. Literal and intended
meanings do not always match. Second language learners must learn to go
“beneath” the surface of metaphorical and idiomatic language.
Intended Meaning Assigned
6. INTENDED MEANING ASSIGNED TO UTTERANCE
The hearer assigns an intended meaning to the utterance. A key to human
communication is the ability to match perceived meaning with intended
meaning.
Pitfalls to Understanding Intended Meaning (EXAMPLES)
Metaphorical Language
Idiomatic Language
Careless Speech
Inattention by Hearer
Conceptual Complexity
Contextual Miscues
Psychological Barriers
Short or Long-termRetention
I never forget!
7. RETAIN INFORMATIONSHORT OR LONG-TERM
The hearer determines whether information should be retained in short-
term or long-term memory.
Delete Form ofOriginal Message
8. DELETE FORM OF ORIGINAL MESSAGE
The hearer deletes the form in which the message was originally received. The
words, phrases, and sentences are quickly forgotten or “pruned”.
8 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1.Raw Forms Processed
2.Speech Type Determined
3.Speaker’s Objectives Inferred
4.Schemata Recalled
5.Literal Meaning Assigned
6.Intended Meaning Assigned
7.Information Retained Short or Long-term
8.Original Form Deleted
8 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN LISTENING
COMPREHENSION- From H. D. Brown’s Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck(aka SamuraiTheologian)