brownian motion growth: self-similar
DESCRIPTION
Brownian motion growth: self-similar. Dullemond & Dominik 2005. Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“). One-particle model. Equator. Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“). One-particle model. Equator. Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“). One-particle model. Equator. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dullemond & Dominik 2005
Brownian motion growth: self-similar
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One-particle model
Equator
Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)
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One-particle model
Equator
Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)
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One-particle model
Equator
Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)
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One-particle model
Equator
Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)
Warning: Not to scale! ;-)
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Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)Equation of settling of the big dust grain:
Equation of growth by sweep-up as the big grain falls:
Relation between m(t) and a(t):
Distribution of the small dust:
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Sedimentation-driven growth („rainshower“)
Dullemond & Dominik (2005)
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“Rainshower” in a disk
Dullemond & Dominik (2005)
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Rain falling from a cumulus congestus cloud
Parallel with meteorology
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Now with convection
Dullemond & Dominik (2005)
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Cumulonimbus cloud, most probably with severe hail
Parallel with meteorology
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Layered structure of giant hail stone
Parallel with meteorology
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Main problem: high velocities
Particle size [meter]
30 m/s =100 km/h !!
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Dust coagulation+fragmentation model
Birnstiel, Dullemond & Ormel 2010
Grain size [cm]10-4 10-2 100
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2Σ d
ust [
g/cm
2 ]
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Dust coagulation+fragmentation model
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2Σ d
ust [
g/cm
2 ]
Grain size [cm]10-4 10-2 100
Birnstiel, Dullemond & Ormel 2010
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Meter-size barrier
1m 1mm 1m 1km
Growth from ‘dust’ to planetary building blocks
Brownianmotion
Differentialsettling Turbulence
Aggregation
Meter-size barrier
Sweep-up growthFragmentation
Rapid radial drift
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More barriers...
1m 1mm 1m 1km
Growth from ‘dust’ to planetary building blocks
Brownianmotion
Differentialsettling Turbulence
Meter-size barrier
Sweep-up growthFragmentation
Rapid radial drift
Aggregation
Bouncing barrier
Zsom et al. 2010, Güttler et al. 2010
Charge barrier
Okuzumi 2009
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The “Lucky One” idea
1m 1mm 1m 1km
Growth from ‘dust’ to planetary building blocks
Brownianmotion
Differentialsettling Turbulence
Meter-size barrier
Sweep-up growthFragmentation
Rapid radial drift
Aggregation
Let’s focus on the fragmentation barrier
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Windmark et al. 2012
How to create these seeds? Perhaps velocity distributions:Garaud et al. 2013; Windmark et al. 2012
Low sticking efficiency
Par
ticle
abu
ndan
ceThe “Lucky One” idea
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All the different collision outcomes...
Güttler et al. 2010
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Fluffy grains, compaction, bouncing...
Zsom et al. 2010