browse the book...browse the book in this chapter, you’ll take your first steps in iot application...

Browse the BookIn this chapter, you’ll take your first steps in IoT application development by connecting and onboarding physical devices. You’ll learn how to create device models, capabilities, and sensor types, as well as how to establish authentication and visualize your data.

Sijesh Manohar Valiyaveettil, PVN PavanKumar, Shyam Ravindranathan

Internet of Things with SAP:Implementation and Development497 Pages, 2020, $89.95 ISBN 978-1-4932-1923-0

www.sap-press.com/5013

First-hand knowledge.

“Device Connectivity and Management”

Contents

Index

The Authors

https://www.sap-press.com/internet-of-things-with-sap_5013/#utm_source=AWS&utm_medium=readingsample&utm_campaign=Browse%20the%20Book&utm_content=1923

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Chapter 4

Device Connectivity and Management

This chapter highlights the key configuration steps to securely connect

and onboard physical devices using SAP Cloud Platform Internet of

Things (SAP Cloud Platform IoT service) so that connectivity with

smart devices is established over a broad variety of IoT protocols. Once

connected, the devices are able to transfer their data to SAP Leonardo

Internet of Things (SAP Leonardo IoT).

The SAP Cloud Platform IoT service runs on the Cloud Foundry environment that

connects physical devices to SAP Cloud Platform. The SAP Cloud Platform IoT ser-

vice addresses the secure device connectivity by supporting a broad variety of IoT

protocols (HTTP, MQ Telemetry Transport [MQTT], Constrained Application Proto-

col [CoAP], Simple Network Management Protocol [SNMP], File, Modbus, Sigfox,

Open Platform Communications-United Architecture [OPC-UA], etc.) and device

lifecycle management from onboarding to decommissioning.

In this chapter, we’ll go through the implementation steps that enable you to create

properties, capabilities, sensor types, and sensors; define device models and devices;

and associate sensors to a device. You’ll see how to onboard the device instances with

certificate-based authentication and how to associate to a gateway by simulating

data ingestion via Node.js script so that the gateway can securely receive messages

from the physical smart devices. The data will then be visualized in the SAP Cloud

Platform IoT service cockpit.

4 Device Connectivity and Management

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4.1 Prerequisites

Before we begin configuring these key steps that are necessary to establish the device

connectivity, you need to complete some prerequisites before you can proceed:

� Acquire an instance of the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service for Cloud Foundry that

allows you to onboard devices with different protocols, manage them securely,

and acquire data from real sensors.

� Ensure that you or your admin refer to the SAP Help Portal guide (at http://s-prs.co/

v501319) to enable the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service for Cloud Foundry.

� Ensure that you have the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service for Cloud Foundry

instance details to access the system: <HOST_NAME> and the <INSTANCE_ID>.

� Ensure that you have instance owner credentials to log in to the SAP Cloud Plat-

form IoT service for Cloud Foundry instance (if you don’t, you can find them in

Cloud Platform Cockpit � Global Account � Cloud Foundry Subaccount � Space � IoT

Service Instance � Service Keys).

� Acquire real device hardware or prototyping hardware that is needed to be con-

nected to SAP Leonardo IoT.

4.2 Create the User and Tenant

The multitenancy feature allows you to create multiple tenants on one instance. Each

tenant can have a user (tenant owner) that can assign users. This section will show

you how to create tenants and users, and then assign users to tenants.

4.2.1 Create a User

Follow these steps to create users in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service cockpit:

1. Log on to the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service cockpit using the instance owner cre-

dentials, as shown in Figure 4.1. To access this screen, go to https://<HOST_NAME>/

<INSTANCE_ID>/iot/cockpit/.

2. From the main menu (click the icon in the top-left corner), choose User Manage-

ment � Users, as shown in Figure 4.2.

3. On the following screen, click the + button to create a user, as shown in Figure 4.3.

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Figure 4.1 SAP Cloud Platform IoT Service Cockpit Login

Figure 4.2 Choosing Users from the Main Menu

Figure 4.3 Adding a User

4. The Create User screen opens, as shown in Figure 4.4. Enter a Name and Password

for the new user per the standards provided in the tool tip of the input text box.


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Note

The Name must start with an alphanumeric character and should be limited to 40

characters. You can use lowercase letters a-z, decimal digits, period, hyphen, and

underscore.

The Password must have at least six characters. You can use numbers, uppercase let-

ters A-Z, and lowercase letters a-z.

5. Click the Create button to create the user.

Figure 4.4 Creating a User

6. You’ll find the newly created user in the list of the available users in the Users tab

on the left.

4.2.2 Create a Tenant

The SAP Cloud Platform IoT service supports the multitenancy feature by allowing

you to create multiple tenants in a single instance. Let’s walk through the steps to cre-

ate a tenant:

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1. From the main menu, navigate choose User Management � Tenants.

2. Click the + button to create a tenant.

3. Enter a name into the Name field for the new tenant (“FruitsInc_Tenant”, in our

example), and click Create, as shown in Figure 4.5.

Figure 4.5 Creating a Tenant

4.2.3 Assign Users to a Tenant

Users can be assigned to a specific tenant with a certain role so that they have access

to only the specified tenants. User roles can be either tenant-specific or global and are

valid across tenants. The instance owner role is global and is used to manage users

and tenants across the instance. The administrator role is tenant-specific and is used

to create and manage devices, whereas the tenant-specific user role is used to moni-

tor device models, devices, and gateways.

To assign users to a tenant, follow these steps:

1. From the main menu, choose User Management � Tenants.

2. Select the newly created tenant, and click the + button to add members (users) to

the tenant.

3. Enter a user name into the User Name field (“demouser”, in our example), and

choose the Role as Administrator, as shown in Figure 4.6.


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Figure 4.6 Assign a User to a Tenant

4. Click the Add button to add this user as a member of the tenant (“FruitsInc_

Tenant”) with administrator privileges.

5. From the main menu, navigate to the My Tenants section, and you’ll see the newly

added tenant (“FruitsInc_Tenant”) in the list of the available tenants, as shown in

Figure 4.7.

Figure 4.7 My Tenants Section

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4.3 Device/Sensor Model

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4.3 Device/Sensor Model

The SAP Cloud Platform IoT service device model consists of the following six entities

in order from highest to lowest:

1. Property

A property is a key/value metadata for a device model entity; in other words, a

property represents an attribute of a smart device. Technically, each property be-

longs to a primitive data type representing numeric data, characters, or strings.

The following supported data types are predefined and can’t be changed: long,

integer, float, double, Boolean, string, binary, and date. Supported data type ranges

are equivalent to their respective Java data types, for example, temperature.

2. Capability

A capability is a reusable property set that can have one or more properties. A

capability sent from a device is called a measure, and a capability received by a

device is called a command. Examples of capability set includes temperature,

humidity, and fill level, or temperature and vibration.

3. Sensor type

A sensor type represents a group of sensors that share similar manageability speci-

fications. A sensor type specifies a collection of capabilities (commands/measures).

The relationship between sensor type and capability can be attributed to a com-

mand or a measure. An example is a silo-monitoring sensor kit.

4. Sensor

A sensor belongs to a sensor type and is a logical part of the device with a combi-

nation of one of more capabilities. An example is a silo-monitoring sensor.

5. Device

A device can have one or more sensors and represents a physical smart device in

the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service. After successful onboarding, a device can send

or receive messages. An example is silo-456.

6. Gateway

A gateway is the device messaging endpoint. Gateways deployed at the cloud or

edge can securely receive messages from physical smart devices. Each device can

be associated with only one gateway. Examples include a representational state

transfer (REST) gateway and an MQTT gateway.

The relationship between these six entities is shown in Figure 4.8. Within the SAP

Cloud Platform IoT service, protocols are organized in protocol-specific gateways that

represent one IoT gateway node. A gateway can refer to multiple devices. A device is a


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unique addressable entity that can itself comprise one or more sensors, which repre-

sent either sensors or actuators within the device. These sensors contain one or more

capability objects. The SAP Cloud Platform IoT service uses the data model description

associated with the device to parse incoming data records and deliver commands to

the IoT device. The data model is a manifest that is provided by the IoT device vendor

and describes the device capabilities.

Figure 4.8 SAP Cloud Platform IoT Service Entity Relationships

Note

Some device model capabilities in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service are as follows:

� Data models can be dynamically modified: if a new kind of machine-to-machine

(M2M) device is onboarded in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service, and the IoT

device exposes a new measure or a new actuator, it’s possible to add the corre-

sponding data model descriptor to teach IoT gateway how to deal with these

new capabilities.

� In general, it’s possible to describe any measure and any possible command

accepted by the IoT device using the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service data model.

This automatically creates a capabilities manifest associated with the IoT device.

� The SAP Cloud Platform IoT service uses the data model not only to marshal and

unmarshal measures and commands but also to give a measure a context and

to publish device capabilities in terms of what it can measure and what it can

actuate.

* 1..*Capability PropertySensor Type

Device SensorGateway

1 1..*

11 *

<<instanceOf>>

NamedCapability

1..*

Physical Device

Physical Smart Device

(with embedded sensor,connectivity)

SAP Cloud Platform IoT Service

Protocol-specific network (one per IoT gateway), e.g., MQTT Distinct message format (sensor) or command(acutator), e.g., temperature, humidity

Single property,e.g., temperature

Sensor or actuator of physical node, e.g., temperature sensorUnique addressable entity (device), e.g., silo

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4.4 Create a Capability

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For a hands-on experience, in the context of a defined sample scenario, we’ll walk

through step-by-step instructions to define the device/sensor model in the following

sections. Figure 4.9 shows the different entities that will be created in the SAP Cloud

Platform IoT service.

Figure 4.9 Hands-On Scenario: Device Model Entities in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT Service


In this section, based on the hands-on scenario entities indicated in Figure 4.9, you’ll

learn how to create capabilities with associated properties as indicated in Table 4.1.

Capability Properties

silo_container_monitor_properties temperature, humidity, fill level

remaining_battery battery level

geo_properties latitude, longitude

Table 4.1 Capabilities and Associated Properties

* 1..*Capability PropertySensor Type

Device SensorGateway

1 1..*

11 *

<<instanceOf>>

NamedCapability

1..*

Physical Device

Physical Smart Device

(with embedded sensor,connectivity)

Hands-On Scenario | Entities in SAP Cloud Platform IoT Service

silo_container_monitor_properties• Temperature, humidity, fill level

remaining_battery• Battery level

geo_properties• Latitude, longitude

Temperature, humidity, fill level,battery level, latitude, longitude

silo_measure_data• silo_container_monitor_properties• remaining_battery

silo_geo_data• geo_properties

MQTT

SiloMonitoringSensor• silo_measure_data

SiloLocationSensor• silo_geo_data

silo-456• SiloMonitoringSensor• SiloLocationSensor


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Now, let’s dive into the steps to create a capability:


dentials: https://<HOST_NAME>/<INSTANCE_ID>/iot/cockpit/.

2. Click your tenant (FruitsInc_Tenant) in the My Tenants section.

3. From the main menu, choose Device Management � Capabilities.

4. You’ll see the list of the available capabilities here. Click the + button to create a

new capability.

5. In the Create Capability screen that appears, as shown in Figure 4.10, enter “silo_

container_monitor_properties” into the Name and Alternate ID fields 1.

Figure 4.10 Creating a Capability

6. In the Properties section, click the + button 2 to add new properties to the capabil-

ity (in our sample scenario, add the following properties as indicated in Table 4.2).

Property Name Data Type Unit of Measure

temperature integer °C

Table 4.2 Properties for silo_container_monitor_properties Capability

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7. Click the Create button to create the capability 3.

8. In a similar way, create two other capabilities named “geo_properties” and “remain-

ing_battery” with the sample properties mentioned in Table 4.3 and Table 4.4,

respectively.

9. You’ll see all the newly created capabilities under the Capabilities section, as

shown in Figure 4.11.

Figure 4.11 Viewing All Capabilities

humidity integer %

filllevel integer %


battery level float %

Table 4.3 Properties for remaining_battery Capability


latitude double

longitude double

Table 4.4 Properties for geo_properties Capability


Table 4.2 Properties for silo_container_monitor_properties Capability (Cont.)


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4.5 Create a Sensor Type

In this section, based on the hands-on scenario entities shown earlier in Figure 4.9,

you’ll learn to create sensor types and associate capabilities as indicated in Table 4.5.

Now, let’s dive into the steps to create a sensor type:




3. From the main menu, choose Device Management � Sensor Types.

4. You’ll see the list of the available sensor types here. Click the + button to create a

new sensor type.

5. You’ll arrive at the Create Sensor Type screen, as shown in Figure 4.12. Enter “silo_

measure_data” into the Name field, and enter “34567” into the Alternate ID field 1.

Note that Alternate ID must be unique and a number between 0 and 65535.

Figure 4.12 Create Sensor Type Details

6. As shown in Figure 4.13, select the Capabilities that you want to associate with the

Sensor Type; for the example, select silo_container_monitor_properties and geo_

properties from the dropdown 1.

Sensor Type Capabilities

silo_measure_data � silo_container_monitor_properties

� remaining_battery

silo_geo_data � geo_properties

Table 4.5 Sensor Type and Associated Capabilities

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4.5 Create a Sensor Type

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7. Under Type, specify whether the capability is of type measure or command:

– Measure: Properties that are sent from a sensor

– Command: Properties received by a sensor

Here, choose Measure from the dropdown 2.

Figure 4.13 Creating Sensor Type Associate Capabilities

8. As shown in Figure 4.14, click the Create button to create the sensor type (silo_

measure_data).

Figure 4.14 Creating the Sensor Type


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9. In a similar way, create one more sensor type with the following details:

– Name: “silo_geo_data”

– Alternate ID: “34568”

– Capability: geo_properties

– Type: measure

10. You can view all the newly created sensor types under the Sensor Types section,

as shown in Figure 4.15.

Figure 4.15 Viewing All Sensor Types

4.6 Create a New Device and Add Sensors

In this section, based on the hands-on scenario entities indicated in Figure 4.9, you’ll

learn how to create a new device, add sensors to it, and finally establish authentica-

tion. After successful onboarding, a device can send or receive messages.

Table 4.6 shows the device and associated sensors that you’ll create in this section.

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This section also explains the concept of router device and how to define one.

4.6.1 Create a Device

In this section, we’ll create a device based on the specifications shown in Table 4.7.

Now, let’s dive into the steps to create a device:




3. From the main menu, choose Device Management � Devices.

4. You’ll see the list of available devices here. Click on the + button to create new device.

5. You’ll arrive at the screen shown in Figure 4.16. Enter “silo-456” into the Name 1

and Alternate ID 2 fields.

6. The gateway is the device messaging endpoint, and a gateway deployed on the

cloud can securely receive messages from physical smart devices via MQTT or

REST protocols. In our sample scenario, choose MQTT Gateway (ID: 2) from the

Gateway dropdown list 3.

7. Click the Create button to create the MQTT device (“silo-456”) 4.

Device Sensors

silo-456 � SiloMonitoringSensor

� SiloLocationSensor

Table 4.6 Device and Associated Sensors

Device Alternate ID Gateway

silo-456 silo-456 MQTT Gateway (ID: 2)

Table 4.7 Specifications to Create a Device


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Figure 4.16 Creating a Device

8. You can see the newly created device (“silo-456”) is Online by navigating to the

Devices section and selecting silo-456, as shown in Figure 4.17.

Figure 4.17 Device Online

4.6.2 Add Sensors to the Device

In this section, you add the sensors shown in Table 4.8 to the new device you created

in the previous section.

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Now, let’s dive into the steps to add sensors:

1. Select the newly created device (silo-456), and click on the + button to add sensors.

2. You’ll arrive at the Create Sensor screen shown in Figure 4.18. Enter “SiloMonitor-

ingSensor” in the Name 1 and Alternate ID 2 fields.

3. From the Sensor Type dropdown 3, choose silo_measure_data.

4. Click the Create button to create the SiloMonitoringSensor sensor 4.

Figure 4.18 Creating a Sensor

5. In a similar way, add one more sensor to the device with the following details:

Sensor Type Sensor

silo_measure_data SiloMonitoringSensor

silo_geo_data SiloLocationSensor

Table 4.8 Sensors to Add to the Device


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– Name: “SiloLocationSensor”

– Alternate ID: “SiloLocationSensor”

– Sensor Type: silo_geo_data

6. You can see that the newly created device is Online with the added sensors by

going to the Devices section and selecting silo-456 (see Figure 4.19).

Figure 4.19 Selected Device with Associated Sensors

4.7 Establish Authentication

The device is now ready with the sensors and must be authenticated before a physical

smart device starts sending data to this virtual device in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT

service.

To authenticate your device, follow these steps:

1. Navigate to the newly added device (silo-456).

2. As shown in Figure 4.20, click the Certificate tab 1, and then click the Generate

Certificate button 2.

3. The Generate Certificate popup will appear. You have an option to choose the cer-

tificate type as either pem or p12 3. For our sample scenario, select pem from the

dropdown.

Note

The pem and p12 choices are two different standards of certificates that a company

can choose from based on the device hardware.

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4.7 Establish Authentication

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Figure 4.20 Generating the Device Certificate

4. Click the Generate button 4, and the certificate will be downloaded.

5. As shown in Figure 4.21, the Certificate Secret will be displayed in the popup, so be

sure to copy and save this locally. After the dialog box is closed, it can’t be viewed

again. You can always generate new certificates; old certificates will remain valid too.

Figure 4.21 Certificate Secret


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After a device certificate and certificate secret are generated for a device in the SAP

Cloud Platform IoT service cockpit, you need to install the device certificate along

with the secret in the physical smart device hardware. Successful installation of the

device certificate indicates that authentication is established; only then can a physical

device start sending sensor data to the device in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service.

Note

Device certificate and secret are specific to one physical device. If a company has tens

of thousands or hundreds of thousands of devices to connect and authenticate, then

the process becomes cumbersome. In most such scenarios, a telco cloud or partner

cloud collects the data from the devices and relays it to the SAP Cloud Platform IoT

service. A router device helps in multiple scenarios, and this is one such scenario

wherein we can leverage this, as described in the next section.

4.8 Router Device

As shown in Figure 4.22, while creating a device, you have an option to mark the

device as Router Device.

Figure 4.22 Choosing Router Device

In this section, you’ll learn about the router device concept that complements the

individual device certificate concept.

Let’s start with how authentication and device identification work in an individual

device certificate scenario, as shown in Figure 4.23:

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4.8 Router Device

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� Authentication

Authentication is established when devices are onboarded to the SAP Cloud Plat-

form IoT service based on onboarding configuration, and certificates are available

for every device.

� Device identification

For every device in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service, the URL has the identifier

to identify or differentiate the devices.

Figure 4.23 Individual Device Certificate

Now, let’s consider how authentication and device identification works in a router

device certificate scenario, as shown in Figure 4.24:

� Authentication

In the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service, a new device model needs to be created man-

ually and mapped with the sensor type. This device’s URL, certificate, and secret can

be used for authentication. This router device routes the message payload to corre-

sponding devices in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service.

� Device identification

The message payload should have the device identifier as a mandatory field under

Measures, which is used for the identification of the target device. In addition, the

sensorAlternateId should be the Alternate ID of the Router device.

Edge/Devices Third Party/Partner Cloud

SAP Cloud Platform

IoT Certificatefor Device-1

IoT Certificatefor Device-2

IoT Certificatefor Device-N

HTTPMQTT

Device-2 URL

HTTPMQTT

Device-1 URL

HTTPMQTT

Device-N URL

IoT Services

Device-1

Device-2

Device-N

Device-1

Device-N

Device-2


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Figure 4.24 Router Device Certificate

4.9 Simulate Data and Visualize

During IoT project implementation, at a broader level, the following three steps are

involved:

1. Setting up device hardware

2. Implementing IoT software

3. Establishing a handshake between device hardware and the IoT software

There are situations where SAP Leonardo IoT has been implemented first without

device hardware setup. In such a situation, you need a software simulator that can

mimic a physical device and simulate the sensor data ingestion to the SAP Cloud Plat-

form IoT service. We’ll discuss these steps in this section.

4.9.1 Simulate Sensor Data Ingestion

There are multiple ways to simulate device hardware. For our sample scenario testing

purposes, we’ll provide a sample simulator code that can mimic a smart device and

ingest the simulated sensor data via MQTT using Node.js and the device certificate.

Table 4.9 represents different entities used to simulate data and their purpose.

Edge/Devices Third Party/Partner Cloud

SAP Cloud Platform

IoT Certificatefor Router

Device

HTTPMQTT

Router URL

IoT Services

Device asRouter

Device-1

Device-2

Device-N

Device-1

Device-N

Device-2

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After you have a real physical smart device, or a prototype hardware kit, then you’ll

need to modify the generateData() function to actually read from the attached sen-

sors. To do so, follow these steps:

1. Create a folder in your local system named device-mqtt-simulator-nodejs.

2. Copy the previously downloaded device certificate to the device-mqtt-simulator-

nodejs folder. Change the certificate name to silo456_device_certificate.pem.

3. Within this folder, create a new file with the name silo456_passphrase.txt. Paste the

previously copied certificate secret into it.

4. Within this folder, create a file called package.json, and copy and paste the code

shown in Listing 4.1.

{ "name": "data-ingestion-iot-services", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "", "main": "index.js", "author": "", "license": "ISC", "dependencies": { "mqtt": "^2.15.2" }}

Listing 4.1 Package.json

Entity/File Purpose/Details

device-mqtt-simulator-nodejs Folder to keep sample code and executables

silo456_device_certificate.pem Device certificate, generated in Section 4.7

silo456_passphrase.txt Certificate secret, generated in Section 4.7

package.json Package fie

simulator.js Simulator script, which simulates the sensor data

for the silo_container_monitor_properties capabil-

ity belonging to the silo-456 device and ingests the

same to the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service host

Table 4.9 Simulator Entities


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5. As stated in Table 4.9, the purpose of this step is to create a simulator script that

simulates the sensor data for the silo-456 device and ingests the same to the SAP

Cloud Platform IoT service host. So, within this folder, create another file called

simulator.js, and then copy and paste the code shown in Listing 4.2.

HOST_ADDRESS indicates the system address wherein the SAP Cloud Platform IoT

service is hosted. Replace HOST_ADDRESS with the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service

cockpit URL (without the text “https://”), for example, “d8b8ee57-c7b5-4f13-b5ec-

793efa7a4a0c.eu10.cp.iot.sap”.

const mqtt = require('mqtt')const fs = require("fs");const HOST_ADDRESS = "d8b8ee57-c7b5-4f13-b5ec-793efa7a4a0c.eu10.cp.iot.sap"; // Replace with your IoT Service instanceconst DEVICE_ALTERNATE_ID = "silo-456";const SENSOR_ALTERNATE_ID = "SiloMonitoringSensor";const CAPABILITY_ALTERNATE_ID = "silo_container_monitor_properties";const CERTIFICATE_FILE = "./silo456_device_certificate";const PASSPHRASE_FILE = "./silo456_passphrase.txt";

var lastData = { temperature: 25, humidity: 70, filllevel: 100}

var mqttClient = connectToMQTT()

for(var i=0; i < 8; i++){ generateData() sendDataViaMQTT()}

setInterval(() => { generateData() sendDataViaMQTT()}, 1000);

function generateData() { lastData = { temperature: lastData.temperature + randomInteger(-1, 1),

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humidity: lastData.humidity + randomInteger(-10, 10), filllevel: lastData.filllevel -12 }}

function sendDataViaMQTT() { var payload = { sensorAlternateId: SENSOR_ALTERNATE_ID, capabilityAlternateId: CAPABILITY_ALTERNATE_ID, measures: [ lastData.temperature, lastData.humidity, lastData.filllevel ] }

var topicName = 'measures/' + DEVICE_ALTERNATE_ID;

mqttClient.publish(topicName, JSON.stringify(payload), [], error => { if(!error) { console.log("Data successfully sent!"); } else { console.log("An unecpected error occurred:", error); } });}

function connectToMQTT() { var options = { keepalive: 10, clientId: DEVICE_ALTERNATE_ID, clean: true, reconnectPeriod: 2000, connectTimeout: 2000, cert: fs.readFileSync(CERTIFICATE_FILE), key: fs.readFileSync(CERTIFICATE_FILE), passphrase: fs.readFileSync(PASSPHRASE_FILE).toString(), rejectUnauthorized: false };

var mqttClient = mqtt.connect(`mqtts://${HOST_ADDRESS}:8883`, options);


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mqttClient.subscribe('ack/' + DEVICE_ALTERNATE_ID); mqttClient.on('connect', () => console.log("Connection established!")); mqttClient.on("error", err => console.log("Unexpected error occurred:", err)); mqttClient.on('reconnect', () => console.log("Reconnected!")); mqttClient.on('close', () => console.log("Disconnected!")); mqttClient.on('message', (topic, msg) => console.log("Received acknowledgement for message:", msg.toString()));

return mqttClient}

function randomInteger(min, max) { min = Math.ceil(min); max = Math.floor(max); return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;}

Listing 4.2 Simulator.js

6. In your local computer, launch the command-line tool and navigate to the device-

mqtt-simulator-nodejs folder.

7. In the command prompt, enter the “npm install” command, and press the (Enter)

button to install the required modules. If this doesn’t work because of proxy set-

tings, try entering the “npm sudo install” command.

8. Enter the “node simulator.js” command and press (Enter) to start the simulation.

After completing these steps, the console logs should look like that shown in Figure

4.25.

Figure 4.25 Console Logs

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4.9.2 Check Ingested Data

In this section, we’ll discuss how you can visualize the data that was ingested in the

previous section.

Follow these steps:

1. Log on to the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service cockpit using your instance owner

credentials: https://<HOST_NAME>/<INSTANCE_ID>/iot/cockpit/.


3. From the main menu, choose Device Management � Devices (see Figure 4.26 1).

4. Navigate to the newly added device (silo-456) 2.

5. As shown in Figure 4.26, click the Data Visualization tab 3, and select the SiloMon-

itoringSensor sensor from the dropdown list 4.

Figure 4.26 Data Visualization Tab for the Device

6. As shown in Figure 4.27, select the silo_container_monitor_properties capability.

Figure 4.27 Selecting the Capability


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As shown in Figure 4.28, you should be able to see sensor data as a standard line chart.

Figure 4.28 Viewing Sensor Data in Line Charts

4.10 Tenant Dashboard

The tenant dashboard provides an overview of the different entities and a count of

the entities in the tenant you’re responsible for. These entities include devices, sen-

sors, sensor types, capabilities, and gateways.

To view the tenant dashboard, follow these steps:

1. Log on to the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service cockpit using your instance owner

credentials: https://<HOST_NAME>/<INSTANCE_ID>/iot/cockpit/.


As shown in Figure 4.29, you should be able to see all the entities created in this

chapter.

195

4.11 Summary

4

Figure 4.29 Tenant Home Screen

4.11 Summary

In this chapter, you saw step-by-step instructions to perform key device connectivity

and management activities using the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service. You created a

tenant and associated a tenant owner user, defined capabilities and sensor types, and

defined and associated a device with a gateway and sensors. You then established

device authentication via a device certificate and a certificate secret. We also dis-

cussed using a router device, simulating data ingestion for the newly onboarded

device, and visualizing the simulated data.

With these steps in place, you were able to establish connectivity between physical

smart devices and the device in the SAP Cloud Platform IoT service and were able to

relay data to SAP Leonardo IoT. These tasks accomplish the first step of the IoT use

case implementation as discussed in Section 4.1.

In the next chapter, you’ll learn how to create digital twins and perform modeling,

which is the second step of the IoT use case implementation.

7

Contents

Preface ..................................................................................................................................................... 15

PART I SAP’s Internet of Things Product Portfolio

1 Intelligent Enterprise and Internet of Things 25

1.1 Digital Transformation ..................................................................................................... 25

1.2 SAP Cloud Platform: Business Technology Platform ........................................... 28

1.3 Intelligent Enterprise and SAP Leonardo .................................................................. 30

1.4 Industry 4.Now ..................................................................................................................... 32

1.5 Internet of Things ................................................................................................................ 35

1.5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 35

1.5.2 Terminology ........................................................................................................... 39

1.5.3 The IoT Stack .......................................................................................................... 41

1.5.4 Edge Computing ................................................................................................... 44

1.5.5 Market Segments: Business and Consumer ................................................ 51

1.5.6 Ecosystem Participants ....................................................................................... 54

1.5.7 Standard Bodies .................................................................................................... 54

1.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 56

2 SAP Leonardo Internet of Things 57

2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 57

2.2 Architecture ............................................................................................................................ 63

2.3 SAP Cloud Platform and the Cloud Foundry Environment ............................... 67

2.4 Capabilities ............................................................................................................................. 73

2.4.1 Semantics ................................................................................................................ 73

2.4.2 Master Data ............................................................................................................ 82

Contents

8

2.4.3 Onboarding and Device Management ......................................................... 84

2.4.4 Lifecycle Management ....................................................................................... 87

2.4.5 Data Ingestion ....................................................................................................... 88

2.4.6 Big Data Store and Time Series Management ........................................... 91

2.4.7 Geoservices ............................................................................................................ 94

2.4.8 Rules and Event Services ................................................................................... 97

2.4.9 Action and Integration Services ...................................................................... 104

2.4.10 Transformations and Derivations .................................................................. 109

2.4.11 Analytics Services ................................................................................................. 111

2.4.12 Segment Services ................................................................................................. 112

2.4.13 SAP Web IDE .......................................................................................................... 114

2.4.14 Edge-Cloud Hybrid ............................................................................................... 115

2.5 Developing Internet of Things Applications ........................................................... 118

2.5.1 Use Case Scenario ................................................................................................ 118

2.5.2 Process Overview ................................................................................................. 119

2.6 Consuming SAP Leonardo IoT ........................................................................................ 122

2.6.1 Embed IoT ............................................................................................................... 122

2.6.2 Extend IoT ............................................................................................................... 126

2.6.3 Transform ............................................................................................................... 128

2.6.4 Enable Business Processes at the Edge ......................................................... 129

2.7 API Signatures ....................................................................................................................... 130

2.8 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 132

3 SAP Edge Services 135

3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 135

3.2 Architecture ........................................................................................................................... 140

3.3 SAP Cloud Platform Internet of Things-Provided Edge ...................................... 142

3.4 Hyperscaler-Provided Edge ............................................................................................. 143

3.5 Supported Platform, Hardware, and Protocols ..................................................... 144

3.6 Deployment Options ......................................................................................................... 146

3.7 User Identity .......................................................................................................................... 148

9

Contents

3.8 Capabilities ............................................................................................................................. 149

3.8.1 Rules .......................................................................................................................... 149

3.8.2 Fidelity and Smart Compression ..................................................................... 153

3.8.3 Essential Business Functions ............................................................................ 154

3.8.4 Cloud-Edge Hybrid ............................................................................................... 158

3.8.5 Predictive Analytics Service (Custom Service) ............................................. 159

3.8.6 Policy Service .......................................................................................................... 160

3.9 Synchronization between Edge and Core ................................................................. 161

3.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 162

PART II Developing Internet of Things Applications

4 Device Connectivity and Management 167

4.1 Prerequisites .......................................................................................................................... 168

4.2 Create the User and Tenant ............................................................................................ 168

4.2.1 Create a User .......................................................................................................... 168

4.2.2 Create a Tenant ..................................................................................................... 170

4.2.3 Assign Users to a Tenant .................................................................................... 171

4.3 Device/Sensor Model ......................................................................................................... 173

4.4 Create a Capability .............................................................................................................. 175

4.5 Create a Sensor Type .......................................................................................................... 178

4.6 Create a New Device and Add Sensors ....................................................................... 180

4.6.1 Create a Device ...................................................................................................... 181

4.6.2 Add Sensors to the Device ................................................................................. 182

4.7 Establish Authentication .................................................................................................. 184

4.8 Router Device ........................................................................................................................ 186

4.9 Simulate Data and Visualize ........................................................................................... 188

4.9.1 Simulate Sensor Data Ingestion ...................................................................... 188

4.9.2 Check Ingested Data ............................................................................................ 193

4.10 Tenant Dashboard ............................................................................................................... 194

4.11 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 195

Contents

10

5 Modeling 197

5.1 Prerequisites .......................................................................................................................... 197

5.2 Business Scenario ................................................................................................................ 199

5.3 Modeling the Thing Type ................................................................................................. 200

5.3.1 Create a Package .................................................................................................. 201

5.3.2 Create Property Set Types ................................................................................. 203

5.3.3 Create the Thing Type ........................................................................................ 214

5.3.4 Onboard Things Using the Thing Type ......................................................... 220

5.4 Modeling Custom Master Data ..................................................................................... 223

5.4.1 Create the Object Type ....................................................................................... 223

5.4.2 Enter Values for the Object Type and Associate to the Thing .............. 228

5.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 237

6 Configure Rules and Actions 239

6.1 Prerequisites .......................................................................................................................... 239


6.3 Define a Rule ......................................................................................................................... 241

6.3.1 Create a Rule Context ......................................................................................... 241

6.3.2 Create a Rule .......................................................................................................... 244

6.4 Create an Action .................................................................................................................. 250

6.5 Test Rule with Sample Data ........................................................................................... 254

6.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 256

7 Develop an IoT Application with SAP Web IDE 257

7.1 Prerequisites .......................................................................................................................... 257


11

Contents

7.3 Build the Application Extension .................................................................................... 263

7.3.1 Create a Multi-Target IoT Application ........................................................... 263

7.3.2 Adjust the Thing Page ......................................................................................... 274

7.3.3 Create an IoT Application as a Multi-Target Application ........................ 281

7.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 299

8 Configure SAP Edge Services 301

8.1 Prerequisites .......................................................................................................................... 301

8.2 Configure the Policy Service for a Business Scenario .......................................... 302

8.2.1 Navigate the Policy Service in SAP Cloud Platform ................................... 303

8.2.2 Configure Essential Business Functions ....................................................... 306

8.3 Configure Streaming Rules and Actions .................................................................... 315

8.3.1 Configure Streaming Rules Project ................................................................. 315

8.3.2 Configure Actions and Integration to SAP Backend Systems ................ 322

8.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 335

9 Configure the Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Scenario 337

9.1 What Is Cloud-to-Edge Interoperability? .................................................................. 337

9.2 Use Case for Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Rules ................................................................. 338

9.3 Configure Cloud-to-Edge Hybrid Rules ...................................................................... 340

9.3.1 Model a Thing ........................................................................................................ 340

9.3.2 Create a Hybrid Rule ............................................................................................ 344

9.3.3 Associate the Rule and Action .......................................................................... 349

9.3.4 Deploy the Hybrid Rule ....................................................................................... 350

9.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 353

Contents

12

PART III Partnerships for Interoperability

10 Cloud Interoperability 357

10.1 What Is Cloud-to-Cloud Interoperability? ............................................................... 357

10.2 Why Partner on Device Management and Connectivity? ................................. 358

10.3 Interoperability with AWS IoT Core ............................................................................ 359

10.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 359

10.3.2 High-Level Architecture ..................................................................................... 360

10.3.3 Set up the Landscape .......................................................................................... 362

10.3.4 Configuration ........................................................................................................ 363

10.4 Interoperability with Azure IoT Hub ........................................................................... 375

10.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 376


10.4.3 Set Up the Landscape ......................................................................................... 378

10.4.4 Configuration ........................................................................................................ 380

10.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 395

11 Edge Interoperability 397

11.1 What Is Edge-to-Edge Interoperability? ................................................................... 397

11.2 Why Partner on the Edge? .............................................................................................. 398

11.3 Edge Interoperability with Microsoft Azure IoT Edge ......................................... 399

11.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 399


11.3.3 Essential Business Functions on Azure IoT Edge ....................................... 401

11.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 412

13

Contents

PART IV Use Cases

12 Use Cases: SAP Leonardo Internet of Things 415

12.1 Process Optimization ......................................................................................................... 416

12.1.1 Replenishment Scenarios for Product Receptacles ................................... 416

12.1.2 Delivery Insights Enabled by IoT ...................................................................... 418

12.1.3 Cycle Counting Enabled by IoT ......................................................................... 420

12.1.4 Cold Equipment Monitoring and Operations ............................................. 420

12.1.5 Smart Waste Management (Smart City Initiative) ................................... 427

12.1.6 Smart Air Purifier (Smart City Initiative) ....................................................... 431

12.1.7 Solar Farm Monitoring ........................................................................................ 433

12.1.8 Transformer Monitoring .................................................................................... 435

12.1.9 Inbound and Outbound Logistics .................................................................... 437

12.1.10 Monitoring Mass Market Devices ................................................................... 439

12.2 Superior Customer Experience ...................................................................................... 441

12.2.1 Connected Battery ............................................................................................... 441

12.2.2 Connected or Smart Vending Machines ....................................................... 444

12.2.3 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Manufacturer Proactive Service ... 445

12.2.4 Water Services Utility Company ...................................................................... 445

12.3 Platform Business ................................................................................................................ 446

12.3.1 Pay-Per-Use Tools ................................................................................................. 446

12.3.2 Digital Platform Professional Services ........................................................... 447

12.3.3 Access Control Company Professional Services ......................................... 447

12.3.4 Others Industry-Specific Use Cases ................................................................ 448

12.4 IoT Project Best Practices ................................................................................................. 449

12.4.1 Discovery Questionnaire .................................................................................... 450

12.4.2 Transformations, Event Detection, and Action Processing .................... 456

12.4.3 Design and Implementation ............................................................................. 459

12.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 459

Contents

14

13 Use Cases: SAP Edge Services 461

13.1 Unreliable Network Connectivity ................................................................................ 462

13.1.1 Volvo Ocean Race ................................................................................................. 462

13.1.2 Manufacturer of Automated Machines ....................................................... 463

13.1.3 Shipping Company .............................................................................................. 464

13.1.4 Offshore Oil Rig ..................................................................................................... 465

13.2 Security and Regulatory Requirements .................................................................... 466

13.2.1 Plant Maintenance at Factories and Shop Floors ...................................... 466

13.2.2 Field Service Management ............................................................................... 467

13.2.3 Smart Cities ............................................................................................................ 469

13.2.4 Asset Management in Defense ....................................................................... 470

13.3 Latency ..................................................................................................................................... 472

13.3.1 Inventory Management for Smart Retailers ............................................... 472

13.3.2 Incident Management for Workers’ Safety ................................................. 474

13.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 475

Appendices 477

A Additional Resources ......................................................................................................... 477

B The Authors ........................................................................................................................... 483

Index ........................................................................................................................................................ 485

485

Index

A

Access control ........................................................ 447

Action ................. 63, 104, 121, 124, 127, 149, 239

activity ................................................................. 104

associate to rule ............................................... 349

business scenario ............................................. 240

cloud-edge hybrid scenario .......................... 350

configure ............................................................. 322

create .......................................................... 250, 322

details ......................................................... 251, 323

link to rule ........................................................... 327

prerequisites ....................................................... 239

questionnaire .................................................... 454

runtime settings ............................................... 324

streaming ............................................................ 315

technical flow .................................................... 105

view ........................................................................ 253

Action processing ................................................. 456

Address ..................................................................... 324

Administrator ........................................................ 171

Advanced Message Queuing Protocol

(AMQP) ................................................................. 376

Agrochemical companies .................................. 448

Alternate ID ...... 85, 220, 362, 370–371, 377, 395

Amazon Web Services (AWS) .............................. 86

AWS IoT Core ..................................................... 359

management console ..................................... 366

Analytical semantics .............................................. 80

Analytics ...................................................................... 44

services ................................................................. 111

Apache Spark ............................................................. 89

Application development ................................. 257

add data source ................................................ 268

add HTML5 module ......................................... 266

build extension ................................................. 263


create project ..................................................... 263

deploy ................................................................... 287

embed ................................................................... 274

HTML5 .................................................................. 263

landing page ...................................................... 272

Application development (Cont.)

modify .................................................................. 281

multi-target IoT app ....................................... 263

prerequisites ...................................................... 257

proxy application ............................................ 288

run .......................................................................... 271

select property set ............................................ 268

select thing types ............................................. 268

test ......................................................................... 294

view project ........................................................ 265

Application Insights ............................................ 389

Application platform ............................................. 43

Application programming interface (API) ... 29,

89, 257

call ......................................................................... 104

signature ............................................................. 130

time series store ................................................... 93

AppRouter ...................................................... 263, 282

custom ........................................................ 285, 291

GitHub .................................................................. 285

Architecture

Azure IoT Edge .................................................. 399

Azure IoT Hub ................................................... 376

SAP Edge Services ............................................. 140

SAP Leonardo Internet of Things .................. 63

Asset location monitoring ................................ 417

Asset maintenance .............................................. 471

Associated object ..................................................... 81

Associations ......................................... 226, 230, 233

create .................................................................... 231

Authentication ................................... 184, 187, 327

Authorizations ................................................... 70, 78

Automated machine ........................................... 463

Automatic device management ..................... 402

AWS IoT Core ................................... 64, 85, 358, 360

architecture ........................................................ 360

configuration .................................................... 363

create things ...................................................... 370

device shadow ................................................... 372

interoperability ................................................. 359

overview .............................................................. 359

set up landscape ............................................... 362

Index

486

AWS IoT Core (Cont.)

software download ......................................... 363

subscribe and publish .................................... 372

template .............................................................. 366

test device ........................................................... 372

AWS IoT Greengrass ............................................ 116

AWS Lambda ................................................ 360–361

metrics ................................................................. 375

Azure App Service ...................................... 376–377

Azure IoT Data Hub ............................................. 377

Azure IoT Edge .............................................. 158, 398

architecture ........................................................ 399

component ......................................................... 400

essential business functions ............... 401, 404

interoperability ................................................ 399

overview .............................................................. 399

policy service ..................................................... 409

routes .................................................................... 407

runtime ................................................................ 403

set up .................................................................... 401

Azure IoT Hub ....................... 64, 85, 116, 358, 375

architecture ........................................................ 376

automatic device management ................ 402

configuration .................................................... 380

create device ...................................................... 392

data flow ............................................................. 377

overview .............................................................. 376

protocols ............................................................. 376

set up landscape ............................................... 378

software download ......................................... 379

template .............................................................. 387

test ......................................................................... 392

Azure Resource Manager .................................. 387

B

Backend integration ............................................ 106

Backend URL ........................................................... 283

Basic data ................................................................. 203

create .................................................................... 204

thing type ............................................................ 217

Basic metadata ...................................................... 120

Best practices ......................................................... 449

Big data ................................................................. 38, 47

store .................................................................. 90–92

Bootstrap ................................................................. 137

Bucket ........................................................................ 366

Built-in rule .............................................................. 149

Business context .............................................. 81, 83

Business contextualization ............................... 197

Business data ............................................................ 82

Business module ................................................... 309

Business timestamp ............................................. 102

Business-facing IoT (IoT2B) ................................. 51

C

Calculated value ..................................................... 204

Capability .......................................................... 78, 173

assign ...................................................................... 78

associate to sensor type ................................. 178

create ..................................................................... 175

properties ................................................... 175–176

view ........................................................................ 177

CapabilityType ......................................................... 78

Capacity utilization factor ................................. 433

Cement silo .............................................................. 440

Certificate secret .......................................... 185–186

Certificates ............................................................... 184

Change log stack .................................................... 155

Client secret ............................................................. 293

Cloud Foundry ............................. 67, 168, 263, 289

deploy app ........................................................... 287

Cloud interoperability ......................................... 357

advantages ......................................................... 358

AWS IoT Core ...................................................... 359

Azure IoT Hub .................................................... 375

components .............................................. 379, 382

software download ................................ 363, 379

software upload ................................................ 385

template ............................................................... 366

Cloud storage ............................................................ 50

Cloud zone ................................................................. 65

Cloud-edge hybrid

configure .............................................................. 337

create thing type ............................................... 341

use case ................................................................. 338

Cloud-to-cloud interoperability ........................ 62

Cloud-to-device communication ......... 360, 376

Cloud-to-edge interoperability .......................... 61

CloudWatch Logs ................................................... 375

CloudWatch Metrics ............................................. 375

487

Index

Cluster ............................................................. 112–113

Code editor .................................................... 276, 278

Coffee maker ........................................................... 440

Cold chain monitoring ............................. 113, 427

Cold chain scenario ................................................. 83

Cold equipment monitoring ............................ 420

benefits ................................................................. 426

Cold store ............................................................. 43, 91

Command ...................................................... 173, 179

port ........................................................................ 326

Communication layer ............................................ 43

Company asset management .......................... 417

Component.js ......................................................... 283

Condition ................................................................. 149

Configuration

cloud-to-edge hybrid scenario .................... 337

hybrid rules ......................................................... 340


Conflict resolution ............................................... 139

Connected batteries ............................................. 441

benefits ................................................................. 443

data flow ............................................................. 443

Connectivity layer ................................................... 43

Consistent business rules .................................. 117

Console log .............................................................. 192

Construction tools ............................................... 440

Consumer product group (CPG) ..................... 422

Consumer-facing IoT (IoT2C) .............................. 51

Container ....................................................... 385, 440

create .................................................................... 385

recycling .............................................................. 430

upload artifacts ................................................ 386

use case ...................................................... 416–417

Continuous Computation Language

(CCL) ...................................................................... 150

Controller ................................................................. 282

Cooler .............................................................. 421, 440

insight ................................................................... 423

monitor ................................................................ 425

pattern .................................................................. 421

reporting .............................................................. 425

use case ...................................................... 422, 424

Cross-enterprise collaboration .......................... 28

Custom master data ............................................ 223

Custom rule ............................................................ 150

Custom service ............................................ 151, 159

Customer centricity ............................................... 28

Customer experience ....................... 415, 441, 472

Customer zone ......................................................... 65

Cycle counting ....................................................... 420

D

Data aggregation ..................................................... 80

Data aging ................................................................ 138

Data association ....................................................... 80

Data clustering ......................................................... 81

Data derivation ......................................................... 80

Data entry mode ................................................... 307

Data ingestion ........................................................... 88

error log .................................................................. 90

pipeline ................................................................... 89

protocol ............................................................... 142

Data Ingestion Error Log app .............................. 90

Data intelligence ...................................................... 27

Data lake ...................................................................... 50

Data management .................................................. 27

Data mapping .................................................... 77, 89

Data mist ..................................................................... 50

Data models ............................................................ 315

fidelity .................................................................. 319

Data platform ............................................................ 43

Data simulation .................................................... 188

Data source ............................................................. 268

Data synchronization ......................................... 162

Data threshold .......................................................... 80

Data throttling ....................................................... 471

Data tiering ......................................................... 43, 91

Data visualization ....................................... 188, 193

Decision Support application template ...... 107

Decision Support Definition app ................... 107

Decision Support End User app ...................... 107

Decision support service .......................... 105, 107

event ..................................................................... 108

Defense ..................................................................... 470

business benefits .............................................. 471

Delivery insights ................................................... 418

benefits ................................................................. 419

process flow ........................................................ 418

sensor values ..................................................... 419

Derivation ............................................................... 109

Design phase .......................................................... 449

Index

488

Desired properties ............................................... 377

Device ................................................. 42, 76, 173, 456

add sensor .......................................................... 182

associated sensor ............................................. 180

authentication .................................. 65, 184, 187

Azure IoT Hub ................................................... 392

certificate ............................................................ 188

connected ........................................................ 46, 62

connectivity and management .................. 167

create .......................................................... 180–181

edge ................................................................... 45, 49

event detection ................................................. 457

evolution ................................................................ 38

generate certificate ......................................... 184

identification ..................................................... 187

install certificate .............................................. 186

map to equipment ........................................... 311

map to things ....................................................... 77

messaging endpoint ....................................... 181

questionnaire .................................................... 451

router .................................................................... 186

security ................................................................... 65

semantics ............................................................... 73

simulate data ingestion ................................ 189

smart .................................................................... 120

to-cloud communication .............................. 377

view .............................................................. 182, 184

visualize data .................................................... 194

Device connectivity and management ......... 73,

84, 167

partner ................................................................. 358

prerequisites ...................................................... 168

questionnaire .................................................... 452

Device model ........................................... 73, 76, 173

capabilities ......................................................... 174

entities ................................................................. 173

entity ........................................................................ 74

mapping ................................................................. 77

Device shadow .................................... 360, 372, 375

methods ............................................................... 361

subscribe ............................................................. 372

Device twin ............................................................. 377

Device/cellular cloud .......................................... 457

event detection ................................................. 458

Device-to-cloud communication ................... 360

Digital platform professional services ......... 447

Digital quotient ................................................. 47, 51

Digital transformation .......................................... 25

capabilities ............................................................ 28

technology trend ................................................ 26

Digital twin ................................... 74, 120, 123, 127

entry ......................................................................... 87

modeling .............................................................. 197

Digital-Agentur Heidelberg ............................... 427

Discover phase ....................................................... 449

Discovery questionnaire .................................... 450

device connectivity and management .... 452

devices and things ............................................ 451

events, rules, and actions .............................. 454

master data ........................................................ 453

physical devices ................................................. 455

sensors .................................................................. 451

Distributed capital expenditure ....................... 50

Docker ........................................................................ 144

Docker container ...................... 116, 143, 157, 400

Dynamic expiration date ................................... 417

E

Edge ............................................................................ 135

agent ...................................................................... 403

dark ........................................................................ 470

database .............................................................. 161

group ..................................................................... 160

module .................................................................. 400

node ................................................... 137–138, 160

partner .................................................................. 398

runtime ............................................. 142, 145, 400

solution ................................................................ 337

synchronization ................................................ 161

Edge computing .......... 32, 44, 135, 397, 466, 472

driver ....................................................................... 45

storage .................................................................... 49

use cases ................................................................. 46

Edge designer ................................................ 306–307

Edge devices management ................................ 411

Edge fidelity ............................................................. 318

Edge gateway ...................................... 145–146, 303

node ....................................................................... 303

Edge interoperability ........................................... 397

Azure IoT Edge ................................................... 399

benefits ................................................................. 398

essential business functions ......................... 401

489

Index

Edge location ............................................................. 44

Edge project ............................................................. 306

Edge services management .............................. 304

configuration properties ............................... 304

groups and gateways ........................... 304, 331

services ................................................................. 304

Edge-cloud hybrid scenario .................... 115, 117

Embedded Internet ................................................. 40

Energy companies ................................................ 129

Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC)

companies .......................................................... 448

Enumeration ............................................................. 81

Environments ........................................................ 131

Essential Business Functions ........ 116, 139, 154

action .................................................................... 326

add business module ...................................... 309

add project to edge node .............................. 331

additional information ................................. 310

architecture ........................................................ 141

Azure IoT Edge ........................................ 401, 404

business service ................................................. 306

configure ................................................... 306–308

details ................................................................... 307

device mapping ................................................ 311

Docker container .............................................. 157

hyperscaler ......................................................... 143

install .................................................................... 403

outputs ................................................................. 328

permissions management ............................ 148

process flow ........................................................ 156

publish project .................................................. 329

SAP ERP ................................................................ 313

supported applications .................................. 154

synchronize ........................................................ 313

use case ................................................................ 465

view ........................................................................ 313

Event ..... 63, 97, 99, 105, 108, 124, 127, 149, 457

detection .............................................................. 457

enable ................................................................... 320

questionnaire .................................................... 454

Event chaining rule .............................................. 150

Extension ................................................................. 260

access .................................................................... 296

build ...................................................................... 263

equipment data ................................................ 293

F

Fidelity ............................................................. 153, 318

Field service management ................................ 467

Field service technician ...................................... 468

Fill level ..................................................................... 119

Floorplan ..................................................................... 97

Fog computing ......................................................... 50

G

Gateway .......................................... 74, 173, 181, 457

Azure IoT Edge .................................................. 404

event detection ................................................. 458

group .................................................................... 304

Gateway edge platform ...................................... 142

Gauge control ................................................ 280, 297

Geofence ........................................................... 96, 420

Geolocation ................................................................ 94

Geolocation Check API .......................................... 95

Geolocation CRUD API .......................................... 95

Geolocation Search API ......................................... 95

Geomatching ............................................................. 96

Geoservices ................................................................ 94

Geotrail .............................................................. 97, 420

H

Handling unit ......................................................... 418

Hot storage ................................................................. 43

HTML5 application

build ...................................................................... 287

deploy ................................................................... 287

open ....................................................................... 297

register ................................................................. 288

variables .............................................................. 290

HTML5 module ............................................ 266, 275

details ................................................................... 268

HTTPS call ................................................................ 104

Hybrid rule .............................................................. 338

activation target .............................................. 348

configure ............................................................. 340

create .................................................................... 344

deploy ................................................................... 350

use case ................................................................ 338

Hyperconnectivity .................................................. 26

Index

490

Hyperscaler ...................................................... 85, 141

edge ....................................................................... 143

I

iFlow .......................................................... 64, 106, 251

predefined ........................................................... 107

Implementation phase ............................. 449, 459

Inbound and outbound logistics ................... 437

insights ................................................................ 438

Incident management ........................................ 474

Industrial Internet .................................................. 41

Industrial Internet Consortium ........................ 55

Industrial PCs ......................................................... 146

Industrial revolution ............................................. 35

Industry 4.0 ................................................................ 41

Industry 4.Now ............................................... 32, 122

business process .................................................. 33

theme ....................................................................... 34

Infusion pump ....................................................... 440

Initializer component ......................................... 387

Instance owner ...................................................... 171

Intelligent asset management ........................... 34

Intelligent edge ........................................................ 40

Intelligent enterprise ........................ 25, 30, 57, 60

framework ............................................................. 58

strategy ................................................................... 31

Intelligent product .................................................. 34

Intelligent suite ........................................................ 30

Intelligent technologies ........................................ 59

Internet ........................................................................ 41

Internet of Everything ........................................... 41

Internet of People .................................................... 36

Internet of Things (IoT) ........................... 32, 35, 41

application development ............................. 118

availability ............................................................ 37

best practices ..................................................... 449

commercial ........................................................... 52

consumer ............................................................... 52

data size ................................................................. 47

ecosystem .............................................................. 54

edge .......................................................................... 44

embedded ........................................................... 125

enterprise challenges ..................................... 122

evolution ................................................................ 36

industrial ......................................................... 32, 53

Internet of Things (IoT) (Cont.)

library .................................................................... 283

market segment .................................................. 51

overview ................................................................. 35

protocols .............................................................. 167

SAP ........................................................................... 60

scalability .............................................................. 38

stack ......................................................................... 41

standard bodies .................................................. 54

terminology .......................................................... 39

use cases ................................................................. 46

Interoperability ........................................................ 60

AWS IoT Core ...................................................... 359

Azure IoT Hub .................................................... 375

cloud ...................................................................... 357

cloud-to-cloud ..................................................... 62

cloud-to-edge .............................................. 61, 337

edge ........................................................................ 397

flow .......................................................................... 85

Inventory management ..................................... 472

IoT Edge Hub ........................................................... 403

IoT edge module .................................................... 405

IoT gateway ............................................. 45, 146, 174

add configuration ............................................ 332

cloud ........................................................................ 66

edge ....................................................... 66, 142, 145

select ...................................................................... 332

K

Kafka ............................................................................. 88

Key performance indicators (KPIs) ................ 115

L

Label .................................................................... 81, 275

Landing page ........................................................... 281

Latency ............................................................ 338, 472

Layout editor ....................................... 275–276, 280

Learning journeys ....................................... 477, 479

Learning rooms ...................................................... 479

Library ........................................................................ 283

Lifecycle management .......................................... 87

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

(LDAP) ................................................................... 148

Linux .......................................................................... 302

491

Index

Linux distribution ................................................ 145

Local processing .................................................... 136

Location monitoring ........................................... 423

Log level .......................................................... 308, 326

Long Range (LoRa) ...................................... 427, 430

LoRaWAN ................................................................. 430

M

Machine-to-machine (M2M) ............................... 41

Machine-to-people .................................................. 36

Managed service provider .................................... 54

Manufacturer proactive services .................... 445

Manufacturing ....................................................... 123

Map service provider .............................................. 95

Mass market device ............................................. 439

monitoring ......................................................... 439

Master data ................................................................. 82

association ..................................................... 81, 84

custom ........................................................... 83, 252

questionnaire .................................................... 453

Master/slave communication ......................... 434

Measure .......................................................... 173, 179

Measured data ........................................................ 120

Measured value ..................................................... 203

add ......................................................................... 211

create .................................................................... 209

thing type ............................................................ 218

Mediator component .......................................... 387

Message broker .................................................. 87, 89

Message Management Service (MMS) ............. 66

Microsoft Azure ........................................................ 86

Azure IoT Edge ........................................ 398–399

Azure IoT Hub .................................................... 375

create device ...................................................... 392

Mining ............................................................. 157, 449

Modbus ..................................................................... 434

Modeling ........................................................ 197, 340


custom master data ........................................ 223

prerequisites ....................................................... 197

thing type ............................................................ 200

MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT) ........ 359, 376

MQTT broker ................................................. 367, 378

MQTT broker component ....................... 359, 362

mta.yaml .................................................................. 285

Multi-target application .................................... 263

details ................................................................... 265

modify .................................................................. 281

select ..................................................................... 263

Multitenancy ................................................. 168, 170

N

Neo .................................................................... 258, 272

Network connectivity ......................................... 461

technical details ............................................... 463

use case ................................................................ 462

Network operator .................................................... 54

Node.js ...................................................................... 188

O

Object instance ...................................................... 229

create .................................................................... 230

list ........................................................................... 236

Object type

application ......................................................... 223

associate to thing ............................................ 228

create .................................................................... 223

details ................................................................... 224

enter values ........................................................ 228

properties ......................................... 224, 230, 233

Object URL ............................................................... 367

ObjectGroup .............................................................. 78

Offshore oil rig ....................................................... 465

Oil & gas ................................................................... 129

Onboarding ................... 84, 87, 120, 123, 126, 220

Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) ............ 55

Open ecosystem ....................................................... 60

openSAP ................................................................... 477

courses ................................................................. 478

Operational monitoring .................................... 423

Original equipment manufacturer (OEM) .... 67

Outbound fidelity ................................................ 318

P

Package ..................................................................... 201

application ......................................................... 201

create .......................................................... 201–202

Index

492

Package (Cont.)

select ............................................................ 204, 215

view ....................................................................... 203

Payload ............................................................ 252, 373

Pay-per-use ............................................................. 446

Permissions management ................................ 148

Persistence period ................................................ 104

Persistence Service .............................................. 138

Pharmaceutical companies .............................. 449

Physical devices .................................................... 455

Plant maintenance ............................................... 466

Platform business ....................................... 415, 446

Point of interest (POI) ............................................ 95

Policy Service .................. 116, 137, 139, 149, 151,

159–160, 162

architecture ........................................................ 140

Azure IoT Edge .................................................. 409

configuration properties .............................. 304

configure ............................................................. 302

connection parameters ................................. 410

credentials .......................................................... 304

groups and gateways ..................................... 304

hyperscaler ......................................................... 143

navigate .............................................................. 303

services ................................................................. 304

Predefined aggregate ............................................. 91

Predictive Analytics Service .................... 138, 159

Process optimization ................................ 415–416

Processing timestamps ...................................... 102

Product manufacturers ...................................... 448

Product vendor ........................................................ 54

Profile delimiter .................................................... 315

Property ................................................................... 173

Property set type (PST) ................................ 75, 203

add properties ................................................... 207

create basic data ..................................... 204, 206

create measured values ................................ 209

select ..................................................................... 268

view ....................................................................... 208

Protocol ........................................................... 145, 173

Proxy application ........................................ 288, 293

configure ............................................................. 289

GitHub .................................................................. 289

open ...................................................................... 289

variables .............................................................. 290

Publisher pool size ............................................... 326

R

R code ......................................................................... 151

Real-time response ............................................... 461

Reconnect check .................................................... 326

Regulatory compliance ....................................... 136

Replenishment ............................................. 126, 416

Reported properties ............................................. 377

Resource access ........................................................ 67

Resource groups .......................................... 383, 391

Retail ................................................................. 129, 449

Reuse control .......................................................... 276

Reverse geocoding .................................................. 96

Roadmap ................................................................... 481

Role collections ...................................................... 198

Roles ........................................................................... 198

Router device .......................................................... 186

authentication ................................................... 187

identification ...................................................... 187

Routes ........................................................................ 407

Rule .................................... 63, 89, 97, 121, 149, 239

activate ................................................................. 348

activation target ............................................... 348

add .......................................................................... 319

associate to action ........................................... 349

built-in .................................................................. 149

business scenario .............................................. 240

conditions ............................................................ 247

create ..................................................................... 244

custom .................................................................. 150

define ..................................................................... 241

edge actions ........................................................ 351

edge-cloud hybrid ............................................. 117

execution information ................................... 109

framework ............................................................. 98

hybrid .......................................................... 338, 344

link to action ...................................................... 327

prerequisites ....................................................... 239

processing ............................................................ 102

questionnaire ..................................................... 454

scheduled ............................................................. 245

sleep mode .......................................................... 102

streaming ............................................................ 315

test .......................................................................... 254

third-party logic ................................................ 151

493

Index

Rule (Cont.)

time interval ....................................................... 248

toggle mode ....................................................... 103

types ...................................................................... 149

Rule condition

create .................................................................... 321

type ........................................................................ 321

Rule context ............................................................ 241

create .................................................................... 241

details ................................................................... 242

hybrid .................................................................... 345

property set .............................................. 243, 245

select ...................................................................... 245

view ........................................................................ 244

Rule editor ............................................................... 247

autocomplete .................................................... 347

Run configurations .............................................. 271

S

Sales order ............................................................... 419

SAP Analytics Cloud ............................... 63–64, 111

SAP API Business Hub .................................. 29, 130

SAP C/4HANA ...................................... 123, 139, 301

SAP Cloud Platform .............. 28, 30, 67, 139–140

capabilities ............................................................ 29

policy service ...................................................... 303

use case ................................................................ 428

SAP Cloud Platform cockpit ................................ 67

SAP Cloud Platform Integration ...... 63–64, 106,

239, 251

SAP Cloud Platform Internet of Things ......... 64,

84, 141, 167, 303

cockpit ..................................................................... 67

data simulation ................................................ 188

data visualization ............................................ 193

device management ............................. 176, 181

device model ...................................................... 173

edge services ...................................................... 142

log in ..................................................................... 168

protocols .............................................................. 173

remote devices .................................................. 145

user management ............................................ 168

SAP Cloud Platform IoT service instance .... 303

SAP Data Intelligence .......................................... 159

SAP Digital Business Services .......................... 427

SAP Edge Services .......................... 29, 61, 135, 137

architecture ........................................................ 140

authentication .................................................. 148

Azure IoT Edge .................................................. 399

capabilities ......................................................... 149

cloud edition ...................................................... 147

cloud-edge hybrid scenario ................ 158, 338

configure ............................................................. 301

core service ......................................................... 151

custom service ......................................... 151, 159

deployment ........................................................ 146

fidelity .................................................................. 153

hardware and protocols ................................ 145

hardware platform .......................................... 145

hyperscalers ....................................................... 143

interoperability ........................................ 397, 400

latency .................................................................. 472

Linux distribution ............................................ 145

on-premise edition ................................. 141, 147

prerequisites ...................................................... 301

security and regulatory requirements .... 466

service ................................................................... 137

synchronization ............................................... 161

unreliable network connectivity ................ 462

use case ................................................................ 461

user identity ....................................................... 148

Windows x64 ..................................................... 146

SAP Environment, Health, and Safety

Management .................................. 156, 307, 474

SAP ERP .................................................. 139, 148, 156

essential business services ........................... 313

SAP ERP Inventory Management

(SAP ERP IM) ...................................................... 156

SAP ERP Materials Management

(SAP ERP MM) .................................................... 156

SAP ERP Plant Maintenance

(SAP ERP PM) ..................................................... 156

SAP Field Service Management ............ 123, 200,

239, 254, 301, 307

configure web container ............................... 291

embed application .......................................... 274

essential business functions ........................ 307

mobile applications ..................... 257, 260, 294

notes ...................................................................... 295

select ..................................................................... 309

web extension ................................................... 263

Index

494

SAP Fiori applications ......................................... 114

SAP Fiori launchpad ..................................... 90, 108

policy service ..................................................... 303

SAP HANA ................................................................... 91

SAP Help Portal ............................................ 478, 480

SAP Learning Hub ....................................... 477, 479

SAP Leonardo ..................................................... 30, 32

SAP Leonardo Internet of Things ........ 29, 57, 60

APIs ........................................................................ 131

application development ............................. 118

architecture ........................................................... 63

authorizations .............................................. 70, 78

AWS IoT Core ..................................................... 360

Azure IoT Hub ......................................... 376–377

best practices ..................................................... 449

capabilities ............................................................ 73

cloud interoperability .................................... 357

cloud-edge hybrid scenario ......................... 338

component ............................................................ 69

configure services ............................................... 69

consume .............................................................. 122

coolers .................................................................. 424

customer experience ...................................... 441

develop application ........................................ 257

embedding IoT .................................................. 122

enable ................................................................... 260

enable edge business processes ................. 129

extend IoT ........................................................... 126


log in ..................................................................... 201

modeling ............................................................. 197

overview ................................................................. 57

platform business ............................................ 446

process optimization ..................................... 416

recipe setup wizard ............................................ 67

role ......................................................................... 198

rules and actions .............................................. 239

security ................................................................... 64

service call .......................................................... 261

services .................................................................... 61

set up ....................................................................... 67

subaccounts .......................................................... 68

template .............................................................. 263

transform ............................................................ 128

URL ........................................................................ 283

use case ................................................................ 415

SAP Manufacturing Intelligence Integration

(SAP MII) ............................................................... 151

SAP Plant Connectivity ....................................... 141

SAP Predictive Analytics .......................... 138, 159

SAP Smart Business Modeler app ................... 115

SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central ........ 129,

448

SAP Web IDE ................................. 63, 114, 127, 257

application .......................................................... 258

build extension .................................................. 263

extension ............................................................. 260

full-stack .............................................................. 258

integration .......................................................... 115

setup ...................................................................... 258

Scheduled rule ....................................... 99, 124, 345

Security ..................................................................... 136

Security and regulatory requirements ........ 461,

466

Segment services ................................................... 112

Segmentation ......................................................... 112

Semantics .......................................................... 73, 197

Sensor .................................... 42, 44, 60, 63, 73, 173

add ................................................................ 180, 182

chart ....................................................................... 115

cloud-edge hybrid ............................................. 337

contextualize data ........................................... 121

coolers ................................................................... 425

create ........................................................... 179, 183

data storage ......................................................... 91

data stream ........................................................ 456

data volume ....................................................... 136

handling unit ..................................................... 418

master data .......................................................... 82

questionnaire ..................................................... 451

rugged ................................................................... 430

simulate data ingestion ................................. 188

streaming data .................................................. 153

test data ............................................................... 254

transform data .................................................. 109

view ........................................................................ 184

Sensor model ................................................ 173, 318

add fidelity .......................................................... 318

add rule ................................................................ 319

create ..................................................................... 315

Sensor type ............................................. 74, 173, 315

associated capabilities ................................... 178

495

Index

Sensor type (Cont.)

create .................................................................... 178

details ................................................................... 178

view ........................................................................ 180

Sensor watchdog rule .......................................... 150

Service call ............................................................... 156

action .................................................................... 251

automatic ........................................................... 261

business context ............................................... 252

business process ............................................... 260

key value pairs .................................................. 310

library ................................................................... 283

report .................................................................... 257

select ...................................................................... 294

test ......................................................................... 254

Service endpoints ................................................. 283

Service keys ............................................................. 283

Service ticket ........................................................... 322

Shared access signature (SAS) .......................... 387

Shipping company ............................................... 464

Silo monitoring ..................................................... 114

Simulator script ..................................................... 190

Sleeping rule ........................................................... 101

Sleeping time .......................................................... 320

Smart air purifiers ................................................ 431

process flow ........................................................ 432

Smart city initiative ................................... 448, 469

smart air purifiers ............................................ 431

waste management ........................................ 427

Smart compression .............................................. 153

advantages ......................................................... 153

Smart edge .................................................................. 40

Smart factory ............................................................. 53

Smart vending machines .................................. 444

benefits ................................................................. 444

Smart waste management ................................ 427

architecture ........................................................ 429

process flow ........................................................ 428

Solar farm monitoring ........................................ 433

data flow ............................................................. 434

pain points .......................................................... 435

Stability budget ..................................................... 427

Stack ........................................................................... 367

create .................................................................... 369

Statistical process control (SPC) ...................... 150

Storage account ..................................................... 382

create .................................................................... 383

deploy ................................................................... 384

Streaming hybrid rule ........................................ 345

Streaming rule ...................... 98–99, 127, 315, 345

add ......................................................................... 319

add fidelity ......................................................... 318

configure ............................................................. 315

execution mode ................................................ 100

Streaming Service ................... 137, 149, 152–153

add to gateway ................................................. 332

prerequisites ...................................................... 301

String combiner box (SCB) ................................ 433

Subaccounts ........................................................... 198

Supply chain ........................................................... 417

company ............................................................. 417

Support tickets ...................................................... 378

Synchronization ................................................... 161

essential business services ........................... 313

use case ................................................................ 463

System integrator .................................................... 54

T

Tag ..................................................................... 377, 412

Telemetry data ....................................... 43, 360, 376

Temperature budget ........................................... 427

Template .................................................................. 263

AWS CloudFormation ........................... 366, 368

Azure IoT Hub ................................................... 388

create ........................................................... 366, 387

customize ............................................................ 265

deploy ................................................................... 391

IoT application .................................................. 266

load file ................................................................ 388

parameters ......................................................... 389

select ............................................................ 263, 266

Tenant ....................................................................... 168

assign users ..................................... 171, 364, 381

create ................................................. 170, 363, 380

dashboard ........................................................... 194

my tenants ......................................................... 172

service endpoint ............................................... 283

Testing ...................................................................... 294

Thing ............................................ 74, 76, 78, 197, 199

AWS IoT Core ..................................................... 370

Index

496

Thing (Cont.)

create .................................................................... 220

device shadow ................................................... 372

mapping to device .............................................. 77

model .................................................................... 340

modeling ............................................................. 197

onboarding ........................................................... 87

questionnaire .................................................... 451

status ....................................................................... 96

view ....................................................................... 222

without certificate ........................................... 371

Thing instance .................................... 123, 126, 222

Thing instance ID ................................................. 282

Thing model ............................. 74, 76, 78, 123, 127

analogy ................................................................... 75

entity ........................................................................ 75


mapping ................................................................. 77

Thing Modeler ............ 63–64, 75, 77–78, 87, 340,

375, 395

access .................................................................... 214

onboarding ........................................................ 220

Thing modeling ..................................................... 120

Thing page ...................................................... 274, 281

adjust .................................................................... 274

Thing type ........................................................ 74, 200

association ......................................................... 226

basic data ........................................................... 217

cloud-edge hybrid scenario ......................... 341

create ........................................................... 214, 217

measured values .............................................. 218

modeling ............................................................. 200

onboarding things .......................................... 220

screen .................................................................... 216

select ..................................................................... 268

Third-party logic ................................................... 151

process flow ....................................................... 152

Time series clustering ......................................... 112

Time series management ..................................... 91

Time series segmentation ................................ 112

define .................................................................... 112

Timed state rule .................................................... 150

Toggle rule ............................................................... 101

Traditional analytics .............................................. 47

Transactional data ................................................... 47

Transformation ..................................... 89, 109, 457

scenario ................................................................ 110

Transformer monitoring ................................... 435

insights ................................................................. 437

process flow ........................................................ 436

Transportation management ................ 112–113

Trash bin ................................................................... 440

Trust configuration .............................................. 198

U

UI semantics .............................................................. 81

Usage monitoring ................................................. 417

Use case

access control ..................................................... 447

application development .................... 118, 260

automated machine ........................................ 463

cloud-edge hybrid scenario .......................... 338

cold equipment monitoring ......................... 420

connected batteries ......................................... 441

consumer product group .............................. 422

customer experience ....................................... 441

cycle counting .................................................... 420

defense .................................................................. 470

delivery insights ................................................ 418

digital platform professional services ..... 447

embedded IoT .................................................... 122

enable edge business processes .................. 129

extended IoT ....................................................... 126

field service management ............................. 467

inbound and outbound logistics ................ 437

incident management .................................... 474

inventory management ................................. 472

IoT data size ......................................................... 48

latency .................................................................. 472

manufacturer proactive services ............... 445

market segment .................................................. 52

modeling .............................................................. 200

monitoring mass market devices .............. 439

network connectivity ...................................... 462

offshore oil rig .................................................... 465

other ...................................................................... 448

pay-per-use ......................................................... 446

plant maintenance .......................................... 466

platform business ............................................. 446

policy service ...................................................... 302

497

Index

Use case (Cont.)

process optimization ...................................... 416

product receptacles ......................................... 416

rules and actions .............................................. 240


SAP Leonardo Internet of Things ............... 415

security and regulatory requirements ..... 466

shipping company ........................................... 464

smart city ............................................................ 469

smart vending machines .............................. 444

smart waste management ........................... 427

solar farm monitoring ................................... 433

transform ............................................................ 128

transformer monitoring ................................ 435

water services .................................................... 445

User

assign to tenants .............................................. 171

create ................................................. 168, 363, 380

name and password ........................................ 170

role ...................................................... 171, 364, 381

technical .................................................... 365, 381

User identity management ....................... 67, 148

Utilities ..................................................................... 448

V

Value monitoring ................................................. 321

rule ......................................................................... 149

Vending .................................................................... 444

Volvo Ocean Race ................................................. 462

W

Warm store .......................................................... 43, 91

Water services ........................................................ 445

Web container ........................................................ 285

configure ............................................................. 291

configure proxy ................................................ 288

Web of Things ........................................................... 41

Windowing .............................................................. 248

Windows x64 ................................................. 146, 302

Work queue ............................................................. 326

X

xs-app.json .............................................................. 283

First-hand knowledge.

We hope you have enjoyed this reading sample. You may recommend or pass it on to others, but only in its entirety, including all pages. This reading sample and all its parts are protected by copyright law. All usa-ge and exploitation rights are reserved by the author and the publisher.

Sijesh Manohar Valiyaveettil is a vice president in IoT product development at SAP Labs LLC in Palo Alto, Cali-fornia. Sijesh has successfully led global software product development teams at SAP, both in India and the United States. During his leadership, he has managed to deliver successful software products from the ground up, notably in the area of supply chain.

Shyam Ravindranathan is a director of product manage-ment in IoT at SAP Labs LLC in Palo Alto, California. He is focused on product strategy, definition, and roll out, in addi-tion to engaging with customers on the IoT product port-folio. Shyam is a technology enthusiast and has worked in different roles in development, consulting in technologies spanning from SAP Cloud Platform, cloud-native applica-

tions, SAP HANA, and SAP Mobile Platform.

PVN PavanKumar is a director of IoT product manage-ment at SAP Labs India, where he is focused on product definition and go-to-market activities. Having extensive experience working with global customers in emerging and developed markets, PVN’s expertise is in the areas of IoT, sustainability, and analytics.

Sijesh Manohar Valiyaveettil, PVN PavanKumar, Shyam Ravindranathan

Internet of Things with SAP:Implementation and Development497 Pages, 2020, $89.95 ISBN 978-1-4932-1923-0

www.sap-press.com/5013

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