brt workshop - brt and bhls evolution worldwide

BRT and BHLS Evolution Worldwide

Dario Hidalgo, PhD

Director Research and Practice

EMBARQ

www.embarq.org

Contents

Introduction


BRT and BHLS in Different Markets

Discussion

BRT

“flexible, rubber-tired form of rapid transit that combines stations, vehicles, services, running ways and information technologies into an integrated system with strong identity” (Levinson et. al, 2003b)

Key BRT Components

Segregated Busways

Stations with prepayment and level boarding

Large buses with multiple doors

Distinctive Image

Centralized Control

Macrobús – Guadalajara

BHLS“is an urban transport system integrating a bus, but within new conditions providing an increase in performance thanks to a triple optimization of:

The internal characteristics of the technical and commercial offer.

The integration of this offer into the whole public transport network.

The integration of this network into the urban area”

(Finn et. al, 2011)

Cambridge, UK

Key BHLS Components (for better performance)

The Busway – Nantes

Running ways

Stations

Vehicles

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), operation

management tools

Identity of the BHLS scheme

BHLS COST

BRT, BHLS and busways around the world

# of cities and length (km) per country

2 km

320 km

80 km

1

116

6

31

3

1

6

1

17

2

71

13

2

22

1

6

1

1

2

1

1

114

21

51

11

1

3

1

1159 cities = 278 corridors = 4,077 km

700 km

1

source: BRTdata.org, June 2013

1

BRT and busway systems in the world

daily demand per region (M pax/day)

Latin America and the Caribbean53 cities159 corridors16.54 M pax/day

Europe43 cities

52 corridors1.68 M pax/day

Asia33 cities37 corridors6.28 M pax/day

USA and Canada20 cities27 corridors0.85 M pax/day

Africa3 cities3 corridors0.24 M pax/day

Oceania7 cities

7 corridors0.33 M pax/day


evolution of the # of cities and km per decade

Total length

Before 1990 (16 cities)

1991 - 2000 (19 cities)

2001 - 2010 (103 cities)507 km

1025 km

3707 km


Since 2011 (21 cities)

4077 km


19701972

19741976

19781980

19821984

19861988

19901992

19941996

19982000

20022004

20062008

20102012

0

5

10

15

20

25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

Ne

w C

itie

s

Cu

mu

lativ

e N

um

be

r o

f Citi

es

Evolution of the number of cities per year


2010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang – China;Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit

– UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga – Colombia;Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton – Canada; …

2000: Bogotá (TransMilenio),

Colombia

1974: Curitiba


Contents

Introduction



Discussion

Curitiba, RIT, 72 km median busways1.2 million passengers per day

Initial Bus Corridor 1972

Full BRT in 1982

1. Making buses run like surface metro – Curitiba 1982

median bus-ways longitudinally segregated

tube stations with fare prepayment and level access

physical and fare integration

dispatch control at terminal stations.

differentiated services:

Expresso, Ligerao, Ligeirinho, Interbairros, Alimentador

Special services downtown, hospitals, touristic bus, schools

2010

Evolution of the Integrated Network

Source: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana

“Linha Verde” CuritibaCorredor de 18 Km

2009

Fotos: Prefeitura de Curitiba, Parana

Capacity Expansion“Corredor Boqueirao”

2010

Fot

o:

Pre

feitu

ra d

e C

uriti

ba,

Par

ana

2. Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993

Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993

Is the most used BHLS

1993 (13 km) and 2007 (7 km)

20 km bus lanes, 95% dedicated, mostly central segregated

29 stations (@ 700m)

39 articulated buses, specially designed and branded for the system

Implementing buses of high level of service, The Trans Val de Marne TVM – Paris 1993

Information systems

23 km/h 17 km/h minimum peak

3.5 min headway (peak)

Interval plus 3 minutes for 96% of the pax

66,000 trips/day, growing 7% per year

Good integration with pedestrians and rail (4 RER and 1 subway)

New vehicle Créalis for the BHLS routes

3. Expanding capacity with advanced operations

Bogotá, 2000Very high capacity

48,000 pphpd

Bogotá, TransMilenio, 104 Km busways

2,0 million pax/day

Express Way LanesTransMilenio, Bogota

New Fleet of Bi-articulated Buses Euro VDowntown Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental)

Fue

nte:

Enc

uest

a A

nual

“B

ogot

á ¿

Cóm

o V

amos

?” w

ww

.elti

empo

.com

;

Normal buses

Public

Transmilenio

Private

Walking-Biking

http://www.eltiempo.com/

Pho

to:

G.

Kas

h, J

ully

201

1

Very high occupancy has become a concern

4. Integrating transit services across modes and services – Santiago 2007

Single process (¿big bang?)

Fare integration

Route optimization

Formalization of providers

Elimination of “competition on the street”

The planning and implementation team was too optimistic – implementation had troubles

Despite the initial difficulties, Santiago has risen to a higher level of performance

The current system is better than the one it replaced

Travel times have reduced

Large decreases in emissions

Substantial reductions in fatalities and injuries

Still a lot to improve

Traffic Fatalities in SantiagoSource: CONACET

6366

4951

3406 3291 3047 2937

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

High commercial speed

35 km/h

5. Introducing high speed buses on expressways – Istanbul 2008

52 Km central bus ways on expressway (100% segregated)

Long station platforms -90m, separated 1.1 km on average

Non-grade queue jumpers to access the Bosphorus Bridge, (mixed traffic)

Low floor buses (articulated and bi-articulated)

23,000 passengers/ hour/ direction, 15 sec interval

800,000 passengers/day

35,800 pax/day/km

6. Reducing transfers with direct services – Guangzhou 2010

http://www.flickr.com/photos/33808942@N07/5118132978/

22.5 km corridor

Long stations –from 55m to 260m, with overtaking lanes

Combines multiple direct services on the same infrastructure.

27,000 pphpd

350 buses phpd

800,000 passengers per day

Contents

Introduction



Discussion

Evolution of BRT in México

237,000 Pax/día

497,000Pax/día

552,000Pax/día

814,000Pax/día

1,114,000Pax/día

2003 2005 2008 2009 2011

OptibusLeon, Guanajuatio

Length: 26 kmFleet: 61

+MetobusInsurgentesMexico DF


+ MetrobusInsurgentes Sur


+MacrobusGuadalajara


+MexibusMexico State


1,164,000Pax/día

2012

+ Metrbus Line 4


BRT system METROBUS:95 Km in 7 years

Mexico City – Metrobus

Metrobus in Numbers

CRECIMIENTO DE METROBÚS

Line 1 Insurgentes

Indios Verdes – Dr. Gálvez

1

2005 - 2006

20 KM.345 mil pax /

day

Line 1 (2005)

Line 1 Insurgentes Sur Dr. Gálvez - El Caminero

1

2008

10 KM.70 mil pax / day

Line 1 (2008)

Line 2 Eje 4 SurTacubaya - Tepalcates

1

2008

20 KM.160 mil pax /

day

Line 2 (2008)

Line 3 Eje 1 Poniente

Etiopía - Tenayuca

1

2011

17 KM.135 mil pax /

day

Line 3 (2011)

Line 4Buenavista – San Lázaro

Airport

2012

28 KM.50 mil pax / day

Line 4 (2012)

Metrobus – Centro Histórico (Line 4)

http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa_L4.html

http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa_L4.html

Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

Phot

o: C

TS E

MBA

RQ M

exic

o

Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

BRT Chihuahua

BRT Mexicali

BRT Ecovía Monterrey

BRT Chimalhuacán

BRT Tampico

BRT Acapulco

BRT Lechería

BRT Tijuana

BRT Puebla

Metrobus Line 5

BRT Monterrey

BRT Villahermosa

BRT Cd. Azteca - Tecámac

BRT Toluca

Authorized

Under review

Tren Sub 1 Cuautitlán

BRT Oaxaca

BT Puebla 2

Tren LRT Guadalajara

BRT Pachuca

BRT Cd Juarez

BRT León

Under construction

BRT systems in Mexico

35 BRT systems: 5 under construction 30 under review / identification

31 Cities in Brazil with BRT and Bus Corridors

Belo Horizonte, Blumenau, Brasília, Campinas, Campo Grande, Caxias do Sul, Criciúma, Curitiba, Diadema - São Paulo, Feira de Santana, Fortaleza, Goiania, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Joinville, João Pessoa, Juiz de Fora, Londrina, Maceió, Mauá – Diadema, Natal, Niteroi, Olinda, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Santos, Sorocaba, Sumaré, São Paulo, Uberlândia

Rio de Janeiro150 km planned 2012-2016

Photo: EMBARQ Brasil


TransOeste Ligerão

Currently in operationJune 2012

44.5 km of which 36.5 km segregated median busways

42 stations, 2 terminals

91 articulated buses + 16 padron

120,000 pax/day

R$ 2.75 (USD 1.36) per trip

Project63 km of which 55 km segregated median busways

57 stations, 3 terminals

220,000 pax/day when connected to Metro in 2016

31 feeder routes, 147 feeder buses

Capital investment R$ 1.6 bilion (USD 800 million)

Plans in BrazilPAC Big Cites, Copa 2014, Olimpics…

Projects/Corridors 108

Cities 32

Km More than 1000

Funding 26,392 million Real13,196 million USD

Demand ~10.0 million people per day

Required Buses 16,000 vehicles

Source: EMBARQ Brasil

Status of BRT cities in India

New Delhi

Operational (7)

Jaipur

AhmedabadRajkot

PuneExpected to be operational in a year (2)

BhopalIndore

Surat

Pimpri-Chinchwad

Others under construction / DPR approved (5)

Kolkata

Vishakhapatnam

Vijaywada

Naya Raipur

Hubli-Dharwad

DPR / DFR under preparation (5)

Guwahati

Lucknow

Vadodara

BangaloreChennai

Prof. H. M. Shivanand

Ahmedabad, Janmarg (People´s Way), BRT System

Photo: EMBARQ

Indore, iBus, BRT System

Photo: EMBARQ

The Newest Kid in the Block: Bhopal Mybus -Trial run July 2013

Photo: EMBARQ

15 cities with BRT/Bus Corridors in China, 2 opened in 2012

BRT in Hangzhou. Bus and mixed traffic congestion. Buses in and out the BRT corridor

ITDP China

Largest Station in Guanghzou: 8,500 passenger boardings in a single hour during the morning peak. Station

access is via a bridge with escalators, and a pedestrian crossing with refuge islands

ITDP China

BHLS in Europe

Country Cities with BHLS

England Cambridge, Crawley, Dartford, Leeds

France Lille, Lorient, Lyon, Nantes, Paris, Rennes, Rouen, Toulouse

Germany Essen, Hamburg, Oberhausen

Ireland Dublin

Italy Brescia*, Pisa, Prato

Netherlands Alkmaar, Almere, Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Twente, Utrecht

Spain Barcelona*, Castellón, Madrid

Sweden Gothenburg, Jönköping, Lund, Stockholm

Brendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Nantes – Station and Running Way


Nantes – BusWay vehicles


Zuidtangent at Schiphol Airport

Source : Stadsregio AmsterdamBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Running way - Amsterdam


Amsterdam: Hard shoulder reserved for bus

Source : COST TU0603 actionBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

In-street operation – Amsterdam


Station - Amsterdam


Bicycle facilities - Amsterdam

Bike’n’RideExtensive bike

parkingAmsterdam, AlmereBike on bus is rare

O. HEDDEBAUTBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Cambridge : Busway

Source : Cambridgeshire County CouncilBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Cambridge : Vehicle


Cambridge : Busway


Cambridge : Guide wheel for Busway


Cambridge : Guide wheel and kerb

Source : Cambridgeshire County Council

Guide Kerb

Guide wheel


Cambridge : Park’n’Ride


Customer comfort - Cambridge

WiFi on busSocket for PC,

phoneLeather seatsCCTV for security O. HEDDEBAUT

O. HEDDEBAUT

O. HEDDEBAUT


Madrid : Bus/VAO tidal lane


Hamburg: Line 5 in reserved lane

Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AGBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Hamburg: “XXL” bus

Source : Hamburger Hochbahn AGBrendan FinnETTS Ltd., Ireland

Oberhausen: Bus and tram on common lane


Contents

Introduction



Discussion

BRT Current Status:

159 worldwide applications; concentration in Latin America, Europe (BHLS), high growth in Asia and the Pacific

Innovation continues: adapted to local conditions and needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)

High performance, low cost, rapid implementation

Trend: from corridors to citywide integrated systems

Some issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy

DiscussionPerceived as “low quality”; poor systems for poor cities – planners, decision makers, public

Not an industry – disaggregated provision of components

Implementation barriers:Reducing the space for cars

Lack of knowledge/familiarity by decision makers and transport planners

Environmental considerations – air pollution and GHGs

User fares and self-sustainability

¡Muchas Gracias!

brt workshop - brt and bhls evolution worldwide

Business

bhls evolution worldwide

year brt

number of cities

bhls scheme bhls cost

bhls routes

used bhls

brt flexible

paxday source