bs-003 ecobiological review of neolissochilus...

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

The Center of Excellency Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6

Universitas Negeri Medan 39 The Character Building University

BS-003

ECOBIOLOGICAL REVIEW OF Neolissochilus sumatranus (IKAN BATAK) (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916) IN ASAHAN RIVER, NORTH SUMATERA

Ternala Alexander Barus1*, Hesti Wahyuningsih1, Eva Marlina Ginting2, and Charles PH

Simanjuntak3 1Departemen Biologi, Universitas Sumatera Utara,

2Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA-UNIMED,

3Fakultas Perikanan

dan Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor 1Jl. Bioteknologi 1, Kampus USU Medan – 20155

*E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916), also known as jurung rock and Batak fish by Batak society is one of the endemic biological resources in North Sumatra freshwater, particularly in some of the rivers around the Asahan river and Lake Toba. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the habitat to be preferences for expansion, breeding and protection of N.sumatranus fish around the Asahan River. The benefit of this study is to provide basic information important to the management and utilization of endangered endemic N. sumatranus fish through habitat conservation and domestication to preserve fish in the Asahan river. The results showed that types of Neolissochilus sumatranus fish growth is a positive and negative allomatric.

Keywords: Ecobiology, fish, river, conservation.

INTRODUCTION

Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber and de Beaufort, 1916), also known as jurung rock

and Batak fish by Batak society is one of the endemic biological resources in North Sumatra

freshwater, particularly in some of the rivers around the Asahan river and Lake Toba. This

species has potential as consumption fish, particularly for ceremonies, medicinal and have the

historical and cultural meaning among Batak society. In addition, these fish actually has

potential as ornamental fish associated with the color of her bright, agile and relatively small

size.

The existence of a group of Neolissochilus fish (Neolissochilus thienemanni, N.

sumatranus, N. longipinnis) are only found in North Sumatra (Kottelat et al, 1993), is currently

have quite a lot of pressure and the ecological status is endangered (vurnerable) (IUCN, 2006 ,

WCMC, 2006). Even based on the previous survey in late 2011 to early 2012 in the area of

Lake Toba, Asahan River and surrounding areas, Neolissochilus longipinnis fish and

Neolissochilus thienemanni had not been found anymore while information on the ecology and

biology of these three species have not been disclosed. The purpose of this study was to


The Center of Excellency

Proceeding: The First International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education 2014 – ISBN 978-602-9115-37-6

40 Universitas Negeri Medan The Character Building University

analyze the characteristics of the habitat to be preference for enlargement, spawning and

protection of N. sumatranus fish around the Asahan River.

Figure 1. Neolissochilus sumatranus (Weber & de Beaufort, 1916).

METHODOLOGY

The method used in this research is descriptive to identify the characteristics of the N.

sumatranus habitat, food and fish growth. This research was conducted at 4 observation

stations in Asahan River system, ie (Figures 2 and 3):

Station 1: Baturangin River (N 02033’06,6”; E 099018’53,7”),

Station 2: Tangga (N 02033’34,3”; E 099018’36,7”)

Station 3: Parhitean (N 02033’53,0”; E 099020’5,9”)

Station 4: Hula Huli (N 02033’58,0”; E 099022’1,3”)

Measured variables, ie: (a) the abundance of plankton, (b) the number of N. sumatranus

fish; (c) body length (standard length); (d) the weight of the body; and (e) of fish food habits

(Umaly and Cuvin, 1988). Further analysis of the relationship of fish length and weight using the

formula: W = a Lb (W = fish weight (gr), L = fish total length (cm), a and b = constant).

If value b = 3 then fish growth is isometric (good), b > 3 or b < 3, then fish growth is

allometrict (not good) because the growth in length and weight are not proportional

Figure 2. Map of Sampling Location




Baturangin Tangga

Figure 3. Sampling Location Visual

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Asahan River Habitat Characteristics. Asahan river flow which is the outlet of Lake

Toba water flowing from a height of 905 m above sea level in the ecosystem of Lake Toba

along the mainland profile that fluctuates and reaches a height of about 200-400 m above sea

level in the vicinity of the study. As a result of the steepness of the river flow has caused the

Asahan river torrent, with a rocky substrate with different size variations. In addition to the main

flow of the Asahan river, found many creeks that empty into the Asahan river are sourced from

the surrounding catchment area. Overall the overview is the catchment area is an area with very

dense vegetation cover, although in some small part has been converted into agricultural land

population. The upper and middle sections of the river in the research area are dominated by

rapids but in the lower section These are interrupted by sections of calmer water and deep

pools or 'lubuks'

The water body is characterize by rocky pools with rapid flow and broken water. In

general water is clear, rapid flow, rough broken water, and rocky swirls at edges. Significant

sediment carried 2-3 cubics flow over rocks/pools. Mostly shallow, with broken water.

CPUE. Relative density of fish species at every sampling site is determined by the CPUE

value. The fish CPUE is the number of individuals of fish species caught using the electrofishing

device in 30 minutes at each station within the defined area. The complete CPUE data for every





fish species is provided in Table 2. For comparison reasons the numbers are calculated to

individuals caught per hour (Scottish Fisheries Co-Ordination Centre, SFCC, 2007).

From the calculation results showed that the highest number of catches is at station 2 the

number 31 ind. / Hr. The number of many fish populations will provide opportunities CPUE

values become higher.

Table 2. Fish Catch Result (Catch per Unit Effort =CPUE)

Species Number of individu CPUE (ind./hr) Mean CPUE (g/hr)

Station 1 7 7 236,1 Station 2 31 31 393,9 Station 3 1 1 41,7 Station 4 2 2 140,3

Fish Length and Weight. From the results of the study during the two period of

observation data showed the average weight length of the fish as shown in Table 3. The

number of N. sumatranus fish caught is different at each station. Highest number of catches

obtained at station 2 (62 animals) and the least at 3 stations (one-fish).

Tabel 3. Length and Weight Measurement Data of Batak Fish (N. sumatranus)

Station Number of Fish Individu (piece) Average Total Length (cm) Average Weight (gram)

1 13 14,333 35,575 2 62 9,738 12,662 3 1 16 41,7 4 2 25,65 70,15

The results of measurements of the average total length of the fish ranged from 9,738 –

25,65 cm, while the average weight ranged from 12,662 – 70,15 grams. The average value of

the total length and average weight at stations 3 and 4 do not describe the actual conditions

because both stations only obtained 1 and 2 fish. To see the actual state of fish length and

weight, can be seen in the results of measurements for station 2 with the highest number of

individuals. At station 2, the average value of total length is 9,738 cm and the average weight is

12,662 grams. From the number of individuals fish caught can be seen that the optimal habitat

conditions for N. sumatranus fish growth is at station 2. The flow of the river water at station 2

(Tangga) were from Station 1 (Baturangin) whose position is on the upstream side of the Station

2. From the measurement of physics chemical factor then alleged that the current speed factor

holds an important role in supporting N. sumatranus fish populations in this station 2. Station 2

has the highest flow rate compared to other observation stations. Generally jurung fish groups

live in habitats with a high flow rate. Based on the sex, the female fish caught more than males,

both in the observation period I and period II.




Fish Length Weight Relationship. From the analysis of the fish weight length

relationship then obtained a regression equation as shown in Figure 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows

the weight length relationships of the fish in station 1 by the equation W = 0.009 L3,059 (b> 3,

positive allometric), while Figure 5 is a weight length relationship of the fish at station 2 with the

equation W = 0.022 L2,998 (b <3, negative allometric). The results of this analysis showed that

at stations 1 and 2 N. sumatranus fish growth patterns is less ideal, meaning that the length and

weight of each individual fish is slightly unbalanced. From the literature it is known that fish

length and weight relationships are not always remain fixed, even in the same species. The

pattern of growth is strongly influenced by the condition of fish habitat, especially for fish that live

in fast-flowing waters generally have a low b value (b <3), while the fish live of calm waters will

result in a high b value. This is related to the allocation of energy expended for movement and

growth (Rahardjo, 2007).

equation : W = 0,009L3,059

b = 3,059 (positive allometric)

Figure 4. N. Sumatranus Fish Length Weight Relationship at Station 1.

equation : W = 0,022L2,998

b = 2,998 (negative allometric)

y = 0,0093x3,0594 R² = 0,9815

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25

Ber

at ik

an (

Gra

m)

Panjang Total (cm)

Stasiun I





Figure 5. N. Sumatranus Fish Length Weight Relationship at Station 2.

Food habits. Based on the analysis of the food habits of fish, obtained by the types food

consumed by Batak fish (Neolissochilus sumatranus) as shown in Figure 6 and 7. Figure 6

shows that the main food of Batak fish on the observation period I was Cymbela, Navicula and

Surirella, whereas in the period II (Figure 7), the main food is Navicula, Surirella and Nitzschia.

In general, the spectrum of food types of other jurung fish of freshwater systems are very

varied and almost likes most types of phytoplankton are available in these waters (Natarajan

and Jhingran, 1961).

Figure 6. Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type in Period I.

y = 0,0226x2,9989 R² = 0,9792

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15

Ber

at ik

an (

Gra

m)

Panjang Total (cm)

Stasiun II

45%

19%

18%

7% 7% 4%

Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type

Cymbela

Navicula

Surirella

Calones

Nitzschia

Cosmarium

9%

48% 18% 8% 11% 6%

Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type

Cymbela

Navicula

Surirella

Calones

Nitzschia




Figure 7. Spectrum of Batak Fish Food Organisms type in Period II. CONCLUSION

• The number of fish caught is highest at Station 2 (Tangga Station)

• Patterns of N. sumatranus fish growth is allometric positive and negative, depending on the

suitability of the habitat to its growth pattern

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

My thanks go to the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture, and the Rector of the University of North Sumatra through the University of North Sumatra DIPA that has funded this research through the Higher Education Competitive Research activities for Fiscal Year 2014.

REFERENCES

Angelier E. 2003. Ecology of Streams and Rivers. Science Publishers,U.S.

IUCN. 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of threatened species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. [Download, March 12 2012]

Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari & S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions Limited. 1-291+84 plates.

Natarajan AV., and Jhingran AG. 1961. Index of preponderance- a method of grading the food elements in the stomach analysis of fishes. Indian J. Fish. 8 (1): 54- 59

Rahardjo MF. 2007. Lampu Merah Biodiversitas Ikan di Perairan Tawar Indonesia. Makalah Kunci Seminar Nasional IV Hasil Penelitian Perikanan dan Kelautan tanggal 28 Juli 2007 Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, UGM, Yogyakarta.

Scottish Fisheries Co-Ordination Centre (SFCC). 2007. Fisheries Management SVQ Level 3: Manage Electrofishing Operations. Training Manual for Electrofishing Team Leader

Umaly, R.C., dan MA. L.A. Cuvin, 1988. Limnology. Laboratory and field guide physico-chemical factors biological factors. National Book Store, Manila

WCMC, 2006. Neolissochilus thienemanni in 2006 IUCN Red List of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org [Unduh, 12 Maret 2012]

Weber, M. & L.F. de Beaufort. 1916. The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. III. Ostariophysi: II Cyprinoidea, Apodes, Synbranchi. E. J. Brill, Leiden.

http://www.iucnredlist.org/

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