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DIGEST 101

Secondary and Recycled AggregatesUses in Road Construction

Under Existing Specifications

Freephone 0800 374 279http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm

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Foreword

The Aggregates Advisory Service (AAS) was part of a research project being undertaken by Symonds (formerly

Symonds Travers Morgan) for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions which commenced

in March 1996 and completed in December 1999. The aim of the project was to research the effectiveness of

such a Service in enhancing efficiency in the utilisation of aggregates from whatever source.

Road construction works account for approximately 1/3 of aggregates usage, the principal specification used for

these works being the Specification for Highway Works (SHW) prepared by the Highways Agency of the

Department of Transport and published by HMSO, 1998.

There is a perception that existing specifications preclude the use of secondary and recycled materials in road

construction, and that this situation is unlikely to change prior to the future publication of harmonised European

standards. This is not the case and this document describes the material specification issues associated with the

use of some granular secondary and recycled materials as aggregates in road construction works which are

currently permitted under the terms of the SHW.

The aim of the document is to assist producers of such potential road making materials understand the key

parameters which have to be satisfied by the materials. It is not a substitute for the SHW and potential suppliers

and users of such materials must satisfy themselves that the requirements of the SHW are met.

The data is presented in five sections comprising:

Introduction

Highways Agency guidance - on the use of Secondary Aggregates

Material Digests - which set out the key parameters relating to road construction

Specification Clause Availability - sets out details of those Local Highway Authorities who have

specification clauses relating specifically to the use of secondary and recycled materials

Contact Names and Addresses - gives the contact names and addresses of the relevant departments of the

Local Highway Authorities

This document has been produced by Babtie Engineering Laboratories in association with Symonds.

Further information relating to possible successor organisations to the AAS can be obtained by calling Freephone

0800 374 279 or visiting website http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm.

December 1999

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This digest is part of a series produced by the Aggregates Advisory Service to provideinformation on aggregates efficiency issues.

The aim of this service, funded by the Department of the Environment, Transport and theRegions, is to assist the Government to achieve its objective of reducing the construction

industrys dependence on landwon primary aggregates and increasing the contribution fromsecondary and recycled materials.

Further information on aggregates efficiency issues, whether relating to primary, secondaryor recycled materials, can be obtained from the Aggregates Advisory Service on Freephoneno. 0800 374 279 or visit the AAS website at http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/aas/index.htm.

SECONDARY AND RECYCLED AGGREGATES USES IN ROAD

CONSTRUCTION UNDER EXISTING SPECIFICATIONS(Digest 101)

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Highways Agency guidance

3. Material Digests

4. Specification Clause Availability

5. Contact Names and Addresses

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1. INTRODUCTION

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Introduction

Studies have identified that lack of knowledge of the availability of appropriate specifications can inhibit the use

of secondary aggregates and recycling processes. Approximately 1/3 of aggregates usage is for road construction.

The principal specification for Roads and Bridges in the UK is the Specification for Highway Works (SHW)prepared by the Highways Agency of the Department of Transport and published by HMSO, 1998. A number of

Local Authorities amend this document to permit or inhibit the use of local processes or materials. Some Local

Authorities use the SHW as guidance but publish the relevant contract specifications in their own words; this

enables their documents to be self-contained. This option is frequently used for smaller highway schemes or

where the roads component of the project is only a small part of the whole.

Developers of housing or industrial estates may provide specifications in their own name but will normally have

to satisfy the requirements of the Local Authority in the area of the project.

Many other industries have requirements for aggregates in applications similar to those in the roads industry.

These include the water industry where materials for pipe bedding and surround and trench backfilling will be

ongoing needs. There will also be a requirement for granular aggregate materials in major projects such as water

supply and treatment plants.

Airfields, both military and civil, and Railtrack have requirements similar to the roads industry for runway and

taxiway applications or for track ballast and ancillary applications. General civil engineering and building works

also include similar applications, for example general granular fill and hardcore, which may be similar to the

roads industry granular capping material. The greater parts of these requirements are for structural or non-

structural concrete.

In general the greater the stresses to be placed on the material, of which the aggregate forms a part, the more

closely the Client will have specified his requirements. For low stress applications, such as fill or capping layers,

the aggregates are normally used without a binder. For higher stresses a binder, such as bitumen to form asphalt

or macadam, or Portland cement to form concrete, will be required. Occasionally other requirements e.g.

permeability may be important.

Where water is likely to be in contact with, and/ or flow through, the finished product, the Environment Agency

(EA) will be interested in the possibility of leachate contamination from the material. The extent of their interest

will be related to the amount and nature of any potential contamination of water resources, which in turn will be

related to the quantity of material and level of contamination, and to the location of the site relative to water

resources.

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The EA will scrutinise very closely the chemical composition of materials to be used on sites close to fishing

rivers or water abstraction points or boreholes. Whilst some very general guidance can be given for materials

where there may be some risk, designers and specifiers will need to consult with the local offices of the EA when

a material with any soluble component within it is used. However it should not be assumed that simply because

there may be a risk of contamination, a material will be deemed unsuitable. It is very uncommon for

specifications to address these matters as they are not of primary interest to the purchasing authority.

This document describes the material specification issues associated with the use of some granular secondary and

recycled materials as aggregates in road construction works under the terms of the SHW.

For completeness and consistency the document includes a number of secondary and recycled materials whose

use as aggregates in road construction has already been well established such as certain blast furnace slags and

PFA.

The aim of the document is to assist producers of such potential road making materials understand the key

parameters which have to be satisfied by the materials. It does not seek to address all the secondary and recycled

materials that may be used in road construction, nor should it be used in place of the specification. Both potential

users and suppliers of materials must satisfy themselves that the materials used meet the requirements of the

specification.

Material suppliers need to ensure that they have all of the necessary specification documents as Bill of Quantities

alone will rarely be sufficient to define the requirements.

Highways Agency guidance

The Highways Agency has published guidance on the use of Secondary Aggregates in Volume 7 of the Design

Manual for Roads and Bridges. This is summarised in the table set out in Section 2 of this document.

It is intended that this will assist suppliers of Secondary and Recycled Aggregates to market their materials for

use on projects operated by or on behalf of the Highways Agency. The Highways Agency is responsible for theconstruction and maintenance of the Motorway and Trunk Road network, Local Authorities look after the

remainder, the latter comprising about 95% of the total road mileage.

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Materials Digests

The Materials Digests have been prepared to assist producers of materials to understand the key parameters to be

satisfied by the main roadmaking materials. They have been prepared using the SHW as a basis, extracting the

relevant information from the appropriate clauses. The information is supplied for the relevant materials clauses

so that when a request for a material is received e.g. SHW Material Class 6G, the requirements are available in a

simple fashion.

A survey of all Local Highway Authorities was carried out of to identify those who have experience of particular

materials. However not all Local Authorities replied to the questionnaire and the scope of this document is

therefore restricted to those who did. This does not mean that other Authorities do not permit the use of

secondary and recycled materials and, should the use of such materials be under consideration in areas not

covered by this document, the Authorities usage or knowledge of these materials will need to be established by

potential suppliers. For those who did reply, those Local Authorities who have a local variant to the SHW are

listed at the end of each Digest.

Specification Clause Availability

Information is presented in spreadsheet form about specification availability for a wide range of secondary

aggregates and recycling processes. This is given in two sections by:

Road Pavement layer (e.g. those authorities who have Clauses pertaining to Capping Layer), and

Material (e.g. those materials for which an Authority has a Specification Clause or uses the SHW).

Knowledge of the use of recycled materials and secondary aggregates by a Local Authority can be inferred where

they have indicated that they use the SHW unmodified or modified, or have their own clauses. Where the Local

Authority uses a separate Clause or amends the SHW this is also indicated. Amendment may be by the

publication of a separate clause usually with the letter A (Additional) or S (Substitute) after the number e.g. Cl

802A or by adding requirements in an Appendix to the main document, e.g. Appendix 7/1.

Contact Names and Addresses

Contact addresses are given for the relevant department of each Local Authority in order that potential suppliers

may contact the Local Authority to obtain more details of their requirements.

Third edition published February 1999 and revised to reflect the completion of the Trial AAS operations December 1999.

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2. HIGHWAYS AGENCY GUIDANCE

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Haguide3.doc

Third Edition - February 1999

Highways Agency guidance

The Highways Agencys published guidance on the use of Secondary Aggregates is summarised below.

An alternative presentation prepared by the Highways Agency is given overleaf.

Full details can be found in Volume 7 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges.

Specification for Highway Works (SHW) Application of Secondary Aggregates HD 35 /95

Application Bulk Fill Capping Unbound

Sub-base

Bitumen

Bound

Layers

Cement

Bound

Layers

Cement

Bound

Roadbase

PQ Concrete

SHW Series 600 600 800 900 1000 1000 1000

Crushed Concrete A B A C A A A

Bituminous Planings B B C A B C C

Demolition Waste B B C C B C C

Blastfurnace Slag A B A A A A A

Steel Slag C C A A B C C

Burnt Colliery Spoil A B A C B C C

Unburnt Colliery Spoil B C C C B C C

Spent Oil Shale B B A C B C C

PFA A A C C B A A

Furnace Bottom Ash B B C C B C C

China Clay Waste B B B B B B B

Slate Waste B B C C B B B

A Specific Provision

B General Provision i.e permitted subject to compliance with the requirements

of the clause but not named specificallyC Not Permitted

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Haguide3.doc


USE

MATERIAL Cementboundsub-base

Embank

ment and

Fill

Capping Unbound

Sub-base

Cement-

bound

roadbase

Pavement

Quality

Concrete

Bitumen-

bound

Layers

Blast Furnace Slag

! ! ! ! ! ! !China Clay Sand

! ! ! ! ! ! !Crushed Concrete

! ! ! ! ! ! "Slate Waste

! ! ! ! ! ! "Pulverised Fuel Ash

! ! ! " ! ! "Burnt Colliery Spoil

! ! ! ! " " "Reclaimed Bituminous

Material

! ! ! " " " !Spent Oil Shale! ! ! ! " " "

Demolition Wastes

! ! ! " " " "Furnace Bottom Ash

! ! ! " " " "Steel Slag

! " " ! " " !Unburnt Colliery Spoil

! ! " " " " "Current Highways Agency permitted UK application of secondary aggregates for highway works

! Permitted either specifically by name or if it complies with the requirements of the specification."

Not permitted.

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3. MATERIALS DIGESTS

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Mat_ind3.doc


INDEX OF MATERIALS DIGESTS

SHW Ref. / Class Page ref.(See footers)

Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase Cl 903 / 929 HDM 1/2

Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course Cl 909 DBM wc 1/2

Bitumen bound HRA Macadam Roadbase / Basecourse Cl 904 / 905 HRARB 1/2

Bitumen bound HRA Macadam Wearing Course Cl 910 / 911 HRAWC 1/2

Pre Coated Chippings Cl 915 PCC 1/2

Surface Dressings Cl 919 SDAggs 1/2

Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials Cl 1035 - 1039 CB1/2

Aggregate for Pavement Quality Construction Cl 1001.6 CAggs 1/2

Well Graded Granular Material 1A DIG_1A.DOC

Uniformly Graded Granular Material 1B DIG_1B.DOC

Coarse Granular Material 1C DIG_1C.DOC

Selected Well Graded Granular Material 6A DIG_6A.DOC

Selected Coarse Granular Material 6B DIG_6B.DOC

Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6C DIG_6C.DOC

Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6D DIG_6D.DOC

Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6E DIG_6E.DOC

Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading) 6F1 DIG_6F1.DOC

Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading) 6F2 DIG_6F2.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6F3 DIG_6F3.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6G DIG_6G.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6H DIG_6H.DOC

Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6I/6J DIG_6I6J.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6K DIG_6K.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6L DIG_6L.DOC

Selected Granular Material 6M DIG_6M.DOC

Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material 6N/6P DIG_6N6P.DOC

Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular

Material

6Q DIG_6Q.DOC

Granular Material Type 1 Sub-base DIG_TYP1.DOC

Granular Material Type 2 Sub-base DIG_TYP2.DOC

Granular Material Type X Sub-base DIG_TYPX.DOC

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Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase

SHW Class General Material Description

Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase. A well gradedCl 903 / 929 mixture of aggregates & bitumen binders where theaggregate skeleton forms the structure of the material.

Macadams have traditionally been specified to BS 4987 based upon

constituents. New clauses are becoming available, which permit the use of a

wider range of aggregate/sand/binder combinations provided that the specified

performance criteria are met.

Typical Use: Bituminous roadbase beneath wearing course

Wearing Course

Macadam Basecourse

Macadam Roadbase

Sub-base

Function:Flexible pavement with high resistance to permanent deformation and

excellent load spreading properties.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance in

Section 2.

Aggregates shall be hard and durable

Recycled materials have to meet the physical properties below.

Asphalt planings may be incorporated up to 10% without additional testing

or above this by testing binder properties

Aggregate Grading Requirements:

40mm 28mm 20mm

Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing50mm 100

37.5mm 95 - 100 100

28mm 70- 94 90 - 100 100

20mm 71 - 95 95 - 100

14mm 56 - 76 58 - 82 65 - 85

10mm 52 - 72

6.3mm 44 - 60 44 - 60 39 - 55

3.35mm 32 - 46 32 - 46 32 - 46

300m 7 - 21 7 - 21 7 - 21

75m 2 - 9 * 2 - 9 * 2 - 9 *

* Percentage by mass of aggregate passing the 75m shall be 7% - 11%for Heavy Duty Macadam mixtures.

Physical Properties for Aggregate Constituents

Property Test Method Acceptable Limits

Lower Upper

Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 :1985

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 85kN (Slag)

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 140kN (Natural)

Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 35% (Slag)Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 30% (Natural)

Water Absorption (Slag) BS 812 Pt 2 :1995 if>4% soundness

test required.

Water Absorption (Nat) BS 812 Pt 2 :1995 if>2% soundness

test required.

Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 45% crushed rock/gravel

50% uncrushed gravel

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Bitumen bound Macadam Roadbase

Chemical Properties :

Soundness (Natural,Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%

Additional Considerations :

Particle Shape Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

eg rounded smooth aggregates need less binder;angular harsh

aggregate need more binder.

Binder Adhesion Acidic rocks may need adhesion agents to prevent stripping

in wet conditions.

Local Variants :

Specific variants available from:

Berkshire County Council , Essex County Council , Gwent Consultancy

Hampshire County Council , Kent County Council , Lincolnshire County

Council , Neath Port Talbot CBC , Sefton MBC , Sheffield County Council,

Wiltshire County Council.

Example variant from KCC

a) To permit higher percentage asphalt planings.

b) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.

c) Combinations of crushed rock coarse & natural sand

are not permitted. (recipe mix)

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Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course


Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course.A well gradedCl 909 mixture of aggregates & bitumen binders where theaggregate skeleton forms the structure of the material.

Typical Use: Low stress sites.

Wearing Course Macadam

Macadam Basecourse

Macadam RoadbaseType 1 Sub - base

Function: Flexible running surface.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: See Highways Agency Guidance inSection 2.


14mm 10mm 6mm 3mmSieve Size % passing % passing % passing % passing

20mm 100

14mm 95 - 100 100

10mm 70 - 90 95 - 100 100

6.3mm 45 - 65 55 - 75 90 - 100 100

3.35mm 30 - 45 30 - 45 55 - 75 85 - 100

1.18mm 15 - 30 15 - 30 20 - 50

600m 30 - 55300m 8 - 25

212m 14 - 32

75m 3 - 8 3 - 8 2 - 10 5 - 17

Prefered mixtures



Lower Upper




Agg Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 :1990

Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989

Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 35% (Slag)

Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 30% (Natural)


test required.


test required.



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Bitumen bound Macadam Wearing Course




Particle Shape - Affects binder percentage requirements and compactability;

eg rounded smooth aggregates need less binder;angular harsh

aggregate need more binder.

Binder Adhesion - Acidic rocks may need adhesion agents to prevent stripping

in wet conditions.

Skid Resistance

Local Variants :

Example variant from KCC.

a) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.

b) Combinations of crushed rock coarse & natural sand

are not permitted. (recipe mix)

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Bitumen bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse


Bitumen bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse. A gap graded materialCl 904 / 905 comprising coarse aggregate, sand & filler bound by bitumen

binders. Structure of the material formed mainly by the cohesionof the binder with the aggregate mortar .

Typical Use: Initial load bearing bitumen bound layer.

Wearing Course

Basecourse / upper roadbase

Lower roadbase

Sub -baseCapping Layer

Function: Roadbase is the main structural layer of pavement construction ,

and combined with basecourse must have the ability to spread the wheel load ;underlying layers are therefore not overstressed. Durability


Section 2.



60/40 60/28 60/20Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing

50mm 100 Preferred

37.5mm 90 - 100 100

28mm 70 - 100 90 - 100 10020mm 45 - 75 50 - 80 90 - 100

14mm 30 - 65 30 - 65 30 - 65

2.36mm 30 - 44 30 - 44 30 - 44

600m 10 -44 10 - 44 10 - 44

212m 3 - 25 3 - 25 3 - 25

75m 2 - 8 2 - 8 2 - 8



Lower Upper




Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 35% (Slag)Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 30% (Natural)


test required.


test required.



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Bitumen Bound HRA Roadbase/Basecourse




Binder Adhesion - Coarse aggregate to be used is gravel, 2% by mass of

total aggregate of Portland Cement or hydrated lime shall

be added, the fine aggregate adjusted accordingly.

Binders - The use of polymer modified binders for increased stability and resistance

may permit more rounded coarse and fine aggregate to be used to achieve

the same performance

Local Variants :


Berkshire County Council , Essex County Council , Gwent Consultancy

Hampshire County Council , Kent County Council , Lincolnshire County

Council , Neath Port Talbot CBC , Sefton MBC , Sheffield County Council,Wiltshire County Council.

Example variant from KCC

a) To permit higher percentage asphalt planings.

b) Adhesion agent with granite aggregates.

c) Gravel aggregates not permitted.

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Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course


Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course. A gap graded materialCl 910 / 911 comprising coarse aggregate,sand & filler bound by bitumen

binders.Structure of the material formed mainly by the cohesionof the binder and adhesion with the aggregate mortar .

Typical Use: Running surface.

Wearing Course

Basecourse / upper roadbase

Lower roadbase

Sub -baseCapping Layer

Function: Wearing course is a durable, impervious, load spreading layer, which seals

the construction against the ingress of water.The addition of pre coated chippingsenhancing the basic frictional properties of the surface.


Section 2.



3/2 3/3

30/14 35/14 Preferred mixes 55/10 and 55/14 possibleSieve Size % passing % passing

20mm 100 100 BS 594 Pt 1 :1992 Table 3 Design Type F Wearing

14mm 85 - 100 87 - 100 course

10mm 60 - 90 55 - 88 Binder content by Marshall Design

6.3mm BS 598 Pt 107 :19902.36mm 60 - 72 55 - 67

600m 45 - 72 40 - 67

212m 15 - 50 12 - 45

75m 8.0 - 12.0 7.0 - 11.0

Fine aggregate shall conform to the requirements of BS 594 Part 1 .1992 Clause 2.3



Lower Upper




Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 35% (Slag)

Agg Impact Value BS 812 Pt 112 :1990 30% (Natural)


test required.


test required.



Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989 > than 45 for coarse agg

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Bitumen bound HRA Wearing Course




Binders - The use of polymer modified binders for increased stability

and resistance to deformation may permit the use of more

rounded sands and aggregates

Thickness - Increased stone content is necessary for use in thicker layers .

Cleanliness - Asphalt sands require a certain dust content to ensure adequate

stability of the asphalt

Surface Characteristics

The surface characteristics of the aggregates affect the binder

demand and the stability of the mixture ( wheel tracking rate if

specified). Smooth aggregates e.g. flint gravels may need an

adhesion agent/ polymer modified binders

Local Variants :


a) A higher percentage asphalt planings is permitted than SHW.

b) Gravel aggregates not permitted.

c) Minimum 10% fines 180 kN

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Pre Coated Chippings


Cl 915 Pre Coated Chippings for application to Hot Rolled Asphalt

Bitumen coated fragments of single size material of a nominal size

Typical Use: To increase the macro & micro texture ot the running surface.

HRA Wearing Course

Basecourse/upper roadbase

Lower roadbase

Sub -base

Capping Layer

Function:To enhance the basic frictional properties of the HRA wearing course.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural Materials, Blast Furnace Slag and Steel Slag



20mm nominal 14mm nominal (rarely used)

Sieve Size % passing % passing

28mm 100

20mm 90 - 100 100

14mm 0 - 25 90 - 10010mm 0 - 4 0 - 25

6.3mm 0 - 4

75m 0 - 2 0 - 2



Upper


Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 NIL

Agg Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 :1990 10 to 14 depending

upon use

Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 BS 594 Part1.1992 25

Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 :1989 55 to 75 depending

upon use

Specified Size BS 63 Pt 1 :1987 BS 594 Part1.1992 75% minimum if texture

of 1.5 mm specified

Binder Quality BS 598 Pt 108 :1990 BS 594 Part1.1992 Sand ret 40g/kg for 20mm

50 g/kg for 14mm.Not

more than 7.5% fail sand

cover assessment.

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Pre Coated Chippings




NIL

Local Variants :


(20mm nominal size chippings only)

Elongation BS 812 Pt 105.2 : 1990 Upper Limit 24% .

Flakiness 20

Minimum Specified size 80 if 1.5mm texture depth required, 75% for all other sites

10% fines acceptable range 220 - 320kN

Shape and size index 40There is a requirement under some performance related contracts for the completed

layer to satisfy a friction reqirement after a period of time This may limit the choice of

aggregates, particularly those of higher PSV

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Surface Dressing


Cl 919 Surface Dressing is a layer of single size chippings

superimposed on a film of freshly laid binder

Typical Use:

Prolonging the life of worn surfacing and giving improved skid resistance,

Surface Dressing

Binder

Existing Road Surface

Function:To provide a non skid wearing course.To seal the road surface

against ingress of water. To arrest disintegration.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural or Recycled Materials,

Blastfurnace Slag, Steel Slag

Aggregate Grading Requirements: BS 63 Table 2

20mm 14mm 10mm 6mm

Sieve Size %passing %passing %passing %passing

28mm 100

20mm 85 - 100 100

14mm 0 - 35 85 - 100 100

10mm 0 - 7 0 - 35 85 - 100 100

6.3mm 0 - 7 0 - 35 85 - 100

5mm 0 - 103.35mm 0 - 35

2.36mm 0 - 2 0 - 2 0 - 2 0 - 10

600m 0 - 2

75m 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1

NB. Table 3 Grading limits for lightly trafficked roads permit 2% passing 75m.



Lower Upper


Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 85kN

(Slag)

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 160kN

(Natural)

Flakiness BS 812 Pt 105.1 : 1989 25 for Main Roads

35 for Lightly

Trafficked Roads

40 for 6mm Chippings

(BS 63 Tables 2& 3)

Aggregatev Abrasion Value BS 812 Pt 113 : 1990 Limit 10

Polished Stone Value BS 812 Pt 114 : 1989 Limits DOT advice note HD 28/92

requirement for Agg properties for New

Bituminous Surfacings.

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Surface Dressing


Soundness (Natural , Slag ) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower Limit 75%


Aggregate sizes are determined in accordance with Road Note 39 to suit

hardness and surface condition of the existing surfacing

The binder must adhere to the aggregate. CEN Draft Specification for

the Vialit adhesion test may be required

The properties of the aggregate are fundamental to the performance of

the dressing. Suppliers frequently test as delivered supplies for

compliance before use

Local Variants :

Where performance Surface Dressing is specified the Contractor may

choose a wider range of aggregate types as long as the overall

performance requirements are met


Lincolnshire County Council

Neath Port Talbot CBC

Sheffield City Council

Trafford MBC

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Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials


Cl 1035 - 1039 Aggregates for Cement Bound MaterialsGraded aggregates bound by a cementitious paste.

Typical Use: Road pavement; for roadbases and sub bases as required

in Appendix 7/1.

Pavement ( Concrete, Bituminous, Small Element Pavers etc)

Roadbase/Cement Bound Material

Sub base/CBM 1 or 2Capping

Function: Acts as a structural foundation for rigid and composite pavements.

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Depending upon the Grade of CBM - Natural gravel-sand

washed or processed granular material, crushed rock, all in aggregate, blast furnace slag.

Recycled includes Crushed concrete, PFA, China Clay Sand, Slate.

Aggregates for CBM 3 and 4 shall be hard and durable


CBM 1* CBM 2 CBM 3 CBM 4 + 5Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing % passing

50mm 100 100 10037.5mm 95 95 - 100 95 - 100 100

20mm 45 45 - 100 45 - 80 95 - 100

10mm 35 35 - 100

5mm 25 25 - 100 25 - 50 35 - 55

2.36mm 15 - 90

600m 8 8 - 65 8 - 30 10 - 35

300m 5 5 - 40

150m 0 - 8 # 0 - 8 #

75m 0 0 - 10 0 - 5 0 - 5

* CBM 1 shall be made from material which has a grading finer than the limits above# '0 - 10 for crushed rock fines




CBM Lower Upper

Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985 Natural Aggregate ref above

Cl 1001.6 - BS 1047 Table 3 Slag

Drying Shrinkage Not applicable

Ten Percent Fines CBM 2 BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50kN (Soaked)

CBM 3 - 5 BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50kN (Dry)

Moisture Content CBM 1 - 5 BS 812 To suit requirements for strength,

surface level & finish.

Flakiness Index CBM 3 - 5 BS 812 Pt 105.1 :1989 50 (UNCRUSHED)40 (CRUSHED)

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Aggregates for Cement Bound Materials


Soundness (Natural, Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%

Acid Soluble Sulphate Content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 118 : 1988

Total Sulphate in mix.

Chemical contamination may be present and may be acceptable as it will be encapsulated

in the mix, reference to the Environment Agency is recommended


Shell Content ( Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 106 :1985 Limits BS 882 Table 1

Alkali Aggregate reaction can be affected by the totality of the aggregates used in the mix,

not just an individual component. Aggregates possibly subject to these controls are given

SHW 1704 Table 17/3. This is unlikely to be a problem with low cement

contents.

The surface characteristics of the aggregate, ie its roughness and angularity, can affect

the amount of cement used and water demand for workability. While not a requirement of

the SHW it is considered that this can only be assessed by trial mixes.

While not a requirement of the SHW it is considered good practice for CBM to be subject

to a site trial (of say at least 400 sq. m at least 10 days) before approval for the mix is

given.

Local Variants :

SHW permits almost any material for CBM 1 and 2 provided that it can be stabilised with

cement to give the strength requirements specified and be laid and compacted

satisfactorily.


Cumbria County Council, Gwent Consultancy, Hampshire County Council, Kent County

Council, Lancashire County Council, Nottinghamshire County Council, Scottish Office, &

Wiltshire County Council.

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Aggregate for Pavement Quality Concrete


Cl 1001.6 A Granular material obtained by processing natural materials.

Typical Use: Pavement quality concrete,Structural concrete, Special Structural

concrete,Lightweight concrete, Heavy duty flooring.

Function:Aggregates provide the skeleton of concrete structures, supporting

loads and transmitting them to the foundations. They are bound with portland cementand / or other pozzolanic materials

Permitted Aggregate Constituents: Natural or Recycled

Crushed concrete , Blast furnace Slag,

PFA.

Aggregate Grading Requirements: Table 5. All-in aggregate

40mm 20mm 10mm 5mm

Sieve Size % passing % passing % passing % passing

50mm 100

37.5mm 95 - 100 100

20mm 45 - 80 95 - 100

14mm 10010mm 95 - 100 100

5mm 25 - 50 35 - 55 30 - 65 70 - 100

2.36mm 20 - 50 25 - 100

1.18mm 15 - 40 15 - 45

600m 8 - 30 10 - 35 10 - 30 5 - 25

300m 5 - 15 3 - 20

150m 0 - 8 # 0 - 8 # 0 - 8 # 0 - 15

# Increased to 10% for crushed rock sand


Property Test Method Acceptable LimitsLower Upper

Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985

BS 822 :1992 Tables 3,4,5 Natural Aggs

Particle Size Distribution BS 812 Pt 103.1 : 1985

BS 1047 :1983 Table 3 Slag

Dry Shrinkage BS 812 Pt 120 : 1989 0.075%

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 100kN For conc grades 40

and higher.

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 50 kN For other grades

Ten Percent Fines BS 812 Pt 111 :1990 150kN Heavy Duty Flooring

Flakiness Index BS 812 Pt 105.1 : 1989 Upper limit 35% except when natural aggs are

used for grades lower than 40 upper limit isthen 50%.

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Aggregates for Pavement Quality Concrete


Soundness (Natural,Slag) BS 812 Pt 121 Lower limit 75%Shell Content ( Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 106 :1985

BS 882 1992 LIMITS

Single size or all in aggs finer than 10mm,coarser than 5mm upper limit 20%.

Single size or all in aggs that are coarser than 10mm upper limit 8%.

Aggregates finer than 5mm no requirement.

Acid Soluble Sulphate Content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 118 : 1988

Total Sulphate in mix.

Chloride content (Natural & Slag) BS 812 Pt 117 : 1988 Total Chloride in mix


Alkali Aggregate reaction can be affected by the totality of the aggregates

used in the mix, not just an individual component. Aggregates possibly

subject to these controls are given SHW 1704 Table 17/3. This is unlikely

to be a problem with low cement contents.

The surface characteristics of the aggregate, ie its roughness and angularity,

can affect the amount of cement used and water demand for workability.

This can only be assessed by trial mixes.

Local Variants :


Essex County Council, Neath Port Talbot CBC and Sefton MBC.

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Dig_1a


Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material


1A Well Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: GENERAL FILL

PERMITTED CONSTITUENTS

NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than Class 3 .

.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials.

GRADING REQUIREMENTS

Test Method: BS1377: Part 2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property Test Method ACCEPTABLE LIMITS

Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 210 -

moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 application specific application specific

MCV SHW Clause 632 application specific application specific

SMC of chalk SHW Clause 634 - 20%

Note: Grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_1a



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE

1. Materials with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be deposited within

500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.


500mm of metallic items.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the Environment

Agency for further details.

LOCAL VARIANTS

Cumbria County Council

Kent County Council

Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council (Merseyside Districts)


Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council

FURTHER INFORMATION

The Department of Transport, Specification for Highway Works (1998)

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Dig_1b




1B Uniformly Graded Granular Material



NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than chalk and Class 3 .

.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 2- 10



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Dig_1b



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS


Kent County Council




FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_1c


Coarse Granular Material


1C Coarse Granular Material



NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than Class 3.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials except PFA and FBA.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Property Test Method ACCEPTABLE LIMITSLower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part 2 5 -

10% fines value SHW Clause 635 50 kN -

Note: Grading and uniformity coefficient shall not apply to chalk

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Dig_1c


Coarse Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None Specified

LIMITATIONS TO USE





INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC MATERIALS

1. Unburnt colliery spoil is permitted for use as general fill provided compaction reduces the air content sufficiently

to prevent combustion.

2. Burnt colliery spoil is generally frost susceptible and may have a high sulphate content.


1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. . Refer to the Environment


LOCAL VARIANTS


Kent County Council




FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6a.docThird Edition - February 1999

Selected Well Graded Granular Material


6A Selected Well Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: BELOW WATER (DRAINAGE BLANKET)


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel, chalk and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete and well burnt colliery spoil.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIESProperty Test Method ACCEPTABLE LIMITS

Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 10 -


plasticity index BS 1377:Part2 Non-plastic

Note: uniformity and grading shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_6a.docThird Edition - February 1999

Selected Well Graded Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None Specified

LIMITATIONS TO USE








2. No compaction required.

LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6b.doc


Selected Coarse Granular Material


6B Selected Coarse Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel, crushed rock and chalk.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, blast furnace slag and well burnt colliery spoil.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non plastic


Note: Plasticity index and 10% fines value shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_6b.doc


Selected Coarse Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6c.docThird Edition - February 1999

Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material


6C Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER






PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 - 10

plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non-plastic



Note: Plasticity index shall not apply to chalk


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Dig_6c.docThird Edition - February 1999

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6d.docThird Edition - February 1999



6D Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: STARTER LAYER BELOW PFA


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.




PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 812:Part 103 - 10

plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 Non-plastic



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Dig_6d.docThird Edition - February 1999


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6e.docThird Edition - February 1999



6E Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: FOR STABILISATION WITH CEMENT TO FORM CAPPING


NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials, other than argillaceous rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials, other than unburnt colliery spoil.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

liquid limit BS 1377:Part2 - 45

plasticity index BS 1377:Part 2 - 20

organic matter BS 1377:Part 3 - 2%

total sulfate content BS 1377:Part 3 - 1%


Note: Grading, liquid limit and plasticity index shall not apply to chalk.


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Dig_6e.docThird Edition - February 1999

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6f1.docThird Edition - February 1999

Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)


6F1 Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)

TYPICAL USE: CAPPING

FUNCTION: Acts as structural foundation to road pavement where subgrade CBR 15%. Can be used as

working platform and prevents deterioration of subgrade.


NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than argillaceous rock and chalk.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials other than unburnt colliery spoil,

PFA and FBA.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


optimum moisture content BS 1377:Part 4 (vib.

hammer)

- -

moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc-2% optimum mc


Note: It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.

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Selected Granular Material (Fine Grading)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS


Kent County Council

Lancashire County Council





FURTHER INFORMATION


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Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)


6F2 Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)





NATURAL MATERIALS: Any material or combination of materials other than argillaceous rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any material or combination of materials other than unburnt colliery spoil,

PFA and FBA.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

optimum moisture content BS 1377:Part 4 (vib.

hammer)

- -

moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc-2% optimum mc

10% fines value SHW Clause 635 application specific -

Note: 1. Grading shall not apply to chalk

2. It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.

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Selected Granular Material (Coarse Grading)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS


Kent County Council

Lancashire County Council





FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6f3.doc


Selected Granular Material


6F3 Selected Granular Material





NATURAL MATERIALS: None.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Recycled bituminous planings and granulated asphalt, excluding materials

containing tar or tar bitumen binders.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

optimum moisture content SHW Clause 613 - -

moisture content SHW Clause 613 optimum mc-2% optimum mc

bitumen content BS598: Part 102 - 10%

Note: It is implicit in the acceptability limits that the capping layer will give a 15% CBR within itself.

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Dig_6f3.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6g.doc




6G Selected Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: GABION FILLING


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete.

GRADING REQUIREMENTS (SHW Clause 626)

1. The maximum size of the fill material shall not exceed two thirds of the minimum dimension of gabion compartment or 200mm whichever is the smaller

2. The minimum size of fill shall be not less than the size of the mesh opening.

3. Grading shall be defined and tested in accordance with BS812: Part 103.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


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Dig_6g.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE

1. Materials with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be deposited

within 500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.


within 500mm of metallic items.




LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6h.doc




6H Selected Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: DRAINAGE LAYER TO REINFORCED EARTH AND ANCHORED EARTH

STRUCTURES






PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper





Note: Plasticity index and MCV shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_6h.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (for metallic reinforcing or anchor elements only)

Reinforcing

Maximum

Chloride

Maximum

Organic

Max. Water

Soluble Minimum

Minimum

Redox

Microbial

Activity

Element pH Ion Content Content Sulfate Resistivity Potential Index

Material Content

Min. Max. % % g.l ohm.cm voltsGalvanised Steel 6 9 0.025 0.2 0.25 5000 0.43

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Dig_6i6j.doc


Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material


6I/6J Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: FILL TO REINFORCED EARTH AND ANCHORED EARTH




Note: Chalk shall not be combined with any other constituent.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part26I 10

6J 5

6I -

6J 10




effective angle of friction ()

and effective cohesion (c)SHW Clause 636 application specific -

coefficient of friction andadhesion (fill/elements) SHW Clause 639 application specific -

Note: Grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_6i6j.doc


Selected Well Graded/Uniformly Graded Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (for metallic reinforcing or anchor elements only)

Reinforcing

Max.

Chloride

Max

Organic

Max Water

Soluble Min.

Min.

Redox

Microbial

Activity

Element pH Ion Content Content Sulfate Resistivity Potential Index

Material Content

Min. Max. % % g.l ohm.cm volts

Galvanised Steel

6 9 0.025 0.2 0.25 5000 0.43

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Dig_6k.doc




6K Selected Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: LOWER BEDDING FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES






PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


plasticity index BS 1377:Part2 - 6

optimum moisture content BS1377:Part4 (vib.

hammer)

- -

moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%



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Dig_6k.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

resistivity SHW Clause 637 2000 ohm cm -

water soluble sulfate

contentBS 1377:Part 3 - 0.25 grams/l

chloride ion content BS 812:Part 117 - 0.025%

pH value BS 1377:Part 3 6 9

sulfide and hydrogen sulfide standard textbook analysis - rapid blackening of

lead acetate paper

LIMITATIONS TO USE






1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the

Environment Agency for further details.

LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6l.doc




6L Selected Uniformly Graded Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: UPPER BEDDING FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES






PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

None specified

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Dig_6l.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper



contentBS 1377:Part 3 - 0.25 grams/l




lead acetate paper

LIMITATIONS TO USE








LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6m.doc




6M Selected Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: SURROUND TO CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES






PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper



optimum moisture content BS1377:Part4 (vib.

hammer)

- -

moisture content BS 1377:Part 2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%



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Dig_6m.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


water soluble sulphatecontent

BS 1377:Part 3 - 0.25 grams/l




lead acetate paper

LIMITATIONS TO USE






1. Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to theEnvironment Agency for further details.

LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6n6p.doc




6N/6P Selected Granular Material (Class 6N - Well Graded)

TYPICAL USE: FILL TO STRUCTURES


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand, crushed gravel and crushed rock except argillaceous rock, and for

Class 6P, chalk.SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, blast furnace slag and well burnt colliery spoil.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377:Part2 6N 10

6P 5

6N -

6P -

SMC of chalk SHW Clause 634 6P - 6P 20%

10% fines value SHW Clause 635 6N 100 kN

6P 30 kN

6N -

6P -

undrained shear parameters

(c and )SHW Clause 633 application specific -

effective angle of friction () and

effective cohesion (c)SHW Clause 636 application specific -

permeability SHW Clause 640 application specific -

moisture content BS 1377:Part2 application specific application specific


slope stability test SHW Clause 610 application specific application specific

Note: For Class 6P grading, uniformity coefficient and MCV shall not apply to chalk.

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Dig_6n6p.doc



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE








2. Compaction requires end product density.

LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_6q.doc


Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material


6Q Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: OVERLYING FILL FOR CORRUGATED STEEL BURIED STRUCTURES


NATURAL MATERIALS: As Class 1A, 1B or 1C materials other than argillaceous rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Any materials or combination of materials other than slag or PFA in any

proportions


AS FOR CLASS 1A, 1B OR 1C

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

As for Class 1A, 1B or 1C

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Dig_6q.doc


Well Graded, Uniformly Graded or Coarse Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


content

BS 1377:Part 3 - 0.25 grams/l




lead acetate paper

LIMITATIONS TO USE

1. Materials with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be depositedwithin 500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.






LOCAL VARIANTS

None

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_typ1.doc


Granular Material


Type 1 Sub-base Granular Material

TYPICAL USE: SUB-BASE

FUNCTION: Acts as a structural pavement layer to assist spreading of wheel loads. Can be used as a

working platform and a replacement for capping.


NATURAL MATERIALS: Crushed rock.SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, crushed slag or well burnt non-plastic shale.

Note: Material may contain up to 12.5% by mass of natural sand which passes the 5mm BS sieve.


Test Method: BS812: Part 103 The material shall not be gap graded

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


10% fines value (soaked) BS 812: Part 111 50 kN -

soundness value BS 812: Part 121 65 -

frost heave BS 812: Part Non-frost susceptible

Notes: 1. Water absorption of coarse aggregate determined in accordance with B 812:Part 2 is also required.

2. It is implicit in the SHW that the sub-base will provide a CBR of 30% as a platform for the

construction of the road pavement.

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Dig_typ1.doc


Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE

1. Materials other than slag, with a water soluble sulfate content exceeding 1.9gm of sulfate per litre shall not be

deposited within 500mm of concrete, cement bound materials or other cementitious materials.




1. Blastfurnace slag shall comply with BS1047: 1983.

2. Steel slag may be used provided it has been weathered and complies with the requirements of BS4987: Part

1.




LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council


Nottinghamshire County Council



Suffolk County Council

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_typ2.doc


Granular Material


Type 2 Sub-base Granular Material



working platform.


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand and crushed rock.

SECONDARY AGGREGATES: Crushed concrete, crushed slag or well burnt non-plastic shale.


Note: Test Method: BS812: Part 103 The material shall not be gap graded

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper


CBR BS 1377:Part4 application specific -

optiumum moisture content BS 5835 - -

moisture content BS 1377:Part2 optimum mc - 2% optimum mc + 1%

10% fines value BS 812:Part 111 50 kN -

soundness values BS 812:Part121 65 -

Notes: 1. Water absorption of coarse aggregate determined in accordance with B 812:Part 2 is also required.

2. It is implicit in the SHW that the sub-base will provide a CBR of 30% as a platform for the

construction of the road pavement.

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Dig_typ2.doc


Granular Material

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. None specified.

LIMITATIONS TO USE






1. Blastfurnace slag shall comply with BS1047: 1983.

2. Steel slag may be used provided it has been weathered and complies with the requirements of BS4987: Part

1.




LOCAL VARIANTS

Kent County Council


Nottinghamshire County Council



Suffolk County Council

FURTHER INFORMATION


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Dig_typx.doc


Granular Material


Type X Sub-base Granular Material



working platform.


NATURAL MATERIALS: Gravel, sand and crushed rockSECONDARY MATERIALS: Asphalt millings, crushed slag, crushed concrete, well burnt or unburnt non-

plastic shale, processed demolition waste, other processed granular material.


Maximum size: 75mm or half the nominal depth of the layer after compaction if less.

Minimum size: Not more than 12% passing 63 micron.

Not more than a total of 2% by mass of timber, plastic, steel or other degradable material. The maximum

dimension of any such material shall not exceed 25mm.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Lower Upper

uniformity coefficient BS 1377: Part 2 10

plasticity index BS 1377: Part 2 6

10% fines (soaked) BS 812: Part III 40kN

moisture content BS 1377: Part 2 optimum mc -2% optimum mc +1%

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The material shall contain no gypsum plaster, putrescent or soluble material.

LIMITATIONS ON USE

The material has been found satisfactory for use as sub-base in public rights of way, footways, cycleways and

roads not subject to more than 10 heavy commercial vehicles per day.

It may be used without restriction as a capping layer.


Material having hazardous chemical or physical properties shall not be permitted. Refer to the Environment

Agency in case of doubt.

LOCAL VARIANTS

This specification has been drawn up for Kent County Council, in discussion with the local demolitioncontractors and is designated Type 3 Sub-base. Other Local Authorities may have similar clauses with

different designations to permit recycled materials to be used for particular sub-base applications. This should

be verified using the Contact list for materials issues.

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4. SPECIFICATION CLAUSE AVAILABILITY

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Indxabb3.doc


Specification Clause Availability

This section tabulates the specification clause availability as identified from a survey of Local

Authorities undertaken by Babtie Engineering Laboratories.

The first sub-section summarises the numbers of Authorities using identified secondary and recycled

materials in specified road construction layers.

The second sub-section identifies those Authorities permitting the use of secondary and recycled

materials in road construction and presents how these are specified by road construction layer.

The third sub-section identifies those Authorities permitting the use of secondary and recycled materials

in road construction and presents how these are specified by material type.

The abbreviations adopted in the following tables are set out below.

Abbreviation Denotes

SHW use of unamended clause from theSpecification for Highway Works (SHW)

Add use of an additional clause to SHW

App use of extra requirements contained in Appendices 6-11 of SHW

Amd amendment to standard SHW clause using Appendix 0/1

Oth use of clause not in SHW format developed by the Authority

M74 used in M74 trial for Scottish Office

Stb use of material only in stabilised capping layer

Nip no objection in principle to use

SFW SHW / denotes use of material in Footways

AFW

bs 1377 - 13992

Documents