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BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU145d : 1998

Incorporating Amendment No. 1

ICS 43.020

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Specification for

Retroreflecting number

plates

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BS AU 145d : 1998

This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the EngineeringSector Board, was published

under the authority of theStandards Board and comes intoeffect on15 January 1998

© BSI 24 August 2001

The following BSI referencesrelate to the work on this

standard:Committee reference AUE/1Draft for comment 94/705491 DC

ISBN 0 580 28985 0

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Text affected

13195 24 August 2001 Indicated by a sideline

Committees responsible for thisBritish Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee AUE/1, Vehicle lighting and signaling, upon which the following bodies were

represented:

Association of Chief Police Officers of England and Wales

British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation

British Numberplate Manufacturers' Association

British Plastics Federation

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Highways Agency)

Glass and Glazing Federation

Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd.

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited

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BS AU 145d : 1998

© BSI 24 August 2001 i

Contents

Page

Committees responsible Inside front cover

Foreword ii

Specification

1 Scope 1

2 References 1

3 Definitions 1

4 Design 1

5 Marking 1

6 Colour 3

7 Retroreflection 3

8 Testing 3

9 Colorimetric test 4

10 Retroreflection test 4

11 Resistance to bending 4

12 Resistance to solvents 4

13 Thermal resistance 7

14 Resistance to impact 7

15 Resistance to corrosion 7

16 Resistance to weathering 7

17 Resistance to vibration and shock 8

Annexes A (normative) Method of test for impact resistance 10

B (normative) Method of test for thermal resistance 10

C (normative) Method and apparatus for accelerated artificialweathering tests 10

D (normative) Procedure for preparing a dirty number platefor test purposes 13

Tables

1 Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits 3

2 Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9 3

3 Test schedules 4

4 Cam-profile radii 9C.1 Temperature 13

Figures

1 Dimensions and layout of sample unit 2

2 Arrangement of apparatus for measuring the coefficient of retroreflection 5

3 Number plate bend-test arrangement 6

4 Test arrangements for measurement of the coefficient of retroreflection of wet specimens 8

5 Vibration and shock test machine 9

A.1 Apparatus for impact resistance test 11

A.2 Number plate holding fixture 12

B.1 Sample support stand for thermal resistance test 13

List of references Inside back cover

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BS AU 145d : 1998

Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee AUE/ 1. It was first published in 1967 and revised as BS AU 145a : 1972. Subsequently, the following

revisions were made BS AU 145b : 1989 and BS AU 145c : 1995.

This new edition of BS AU 145 takes account of changes in the production of number plates and legislative requirements. It supersedes BS AU 145c : 1995, which iswithdrawn.

NOTE 1. This standard will only become effective when it is invoked by regulations, made by theSecretary of State for Transport, which apply to vehicles registered in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

NOTE 2. Upon publication of this standard, BSI Customer Services will respond to purchase orders for BS AU 145 by supplying copies of the 1998 edition. Copies of the 1972 edition may be obtained by quotingthe number BS AU 145a/72.

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Attention is drawn to the Roads Traffic Act 1991 [1] and the Road Vehicles(Registration and Licensing) Regulations [2].

Summary of pages

This document comprises of a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover.

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document waslast issued.

Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment.

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BS AU 145d : 1998

1) Marking BS AU 145d on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer's declaration of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimant'sresponsibility. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which might also be desirable.

Specification

1 Scope

This British Standard specifies requirements for retroreflecting number plates for vehicles. Thestandard includes requirements for colorimetric and photometric properties and tests for weather resistance, resistance to impact, bending, vibration,corrosion, solvents, water and extremes of temperature.

NOTE. Retroreflecting number plates may be manufactured fromany material which performs satisfactorily in service, providingthe requirements of this standard are met.

2 References

2.1 Normative references

This British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are madeat the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on the inside back page. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; anysubsequent amendments to, or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only whenincorporated in the reference by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with anyamendments.

2.2 Informative referencesThis British Standard refers to other publicationsthat provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of thisstandard are listed on the inside back page, butreference should be made to the latest editions.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this British Standard thefollowing definitions apply.

3.1 character

A letter or number making up part of a vehicle

registration mark.

3.2 coefficient of luminous intensity, R

The quotient of the luminous intensity of theretroreflector in the direction of observation by theilluminance at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light.

3.3 coefficient of retroreflection, R9

The quotient of the coefficient of luminous intensityof a plane retroreflecting surface by its area.

3.4 entrance angle

The angle characterizing the angular position of theretroflector with respect to the direction of theincident light.

3.5 observation angle

The angle by which the direction of observation of the retroreflector differs from the direction of incident light.

3.6 retroreflecting number plate

A plate exhibiting the registration mark of a vehiclein which only the background to the registrationmark consists of retroreflecting material.

3.7 retroreflection

Reflection in which the reflected rays are preferentially returned in directions close to theopposite of the direction of the incident rays, this property being maintained over wide variations of the direction of the incident rays.

3.8 sample unit

A pair of retroreflecting number plates within thedimensions shown in figure 1, one with a white andone with a yellow retroreflecting background, or inthe case of a motorcycle one only with a yellowretroreflecting background, as used, complete withbetween two and seven characters and in the formatand size specified in the appropriate regulations andincluding a representative method of fixing whereappropriate.

4 DesignNOTE. The appropriate regulations of the Road Traffic Act [1]specify size and type of letters, numbers and margins of retroreflecting number plates.

5 Marking

5.1 Each number plate shall be permanently andlegibly marked with the following information:

a) the number of this British Standard, i.e. BS AU145d1);

b) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer or componentsupplier;

c) name and postcode of the supplying outlet.NOTE.1. This information should be displayed as shown in figure1 and can be in any colour as long as it is not retroreflective.

d) If a border is displayed it shall be as shown infigure 1 and shall not be retroreflective.

NOTE.2. The border may be any non-retroreflective colour.

e) There shall be no other marking, other than thetwo to seven characters specified in theregulations.

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NOTE 1. All dimensions are in millimetresNOTE 2. See 3.8NOTE 3. The figure is not to scale

Figure 1. Dimensions and layout of sample unit

Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The B

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Table 1. Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits

Colour Axes Co-ordinates Luminancefactor

1 2 3 4

White x 0.355 0.305 0.285 0.335 $ 0.34

y 0.355 0.305 0.325 0.375

Yellow x 0.545 0.487 0.427 0.465 $ 0.27

y 0.454 0.423 0.483 0.534 # 0.40

Black Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð # 0.05

Table 2. Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9

Colour Observation angle Entrance angle

5Ê left and 5Ê right 30Ê left and 30Ê right 45Ê left and 45Ê right

cd/lx per square metre

White 0Ê 1290Ê 2091Ê 309

6040

4

2514

2

630.7

Yellow 0Ê 1290Ê 209

1Ê 309

4030

3.5

1810

1.5

42

0.5

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5.2 Adequate fixing instructions shall be provided toavoid damage to the number plate when it is being

fitted to vehicles.

6 Colour

6.1 Backgrounds

The daylight colour of the retroreflectingbackgrounds shall be as follows:

± front facing: white;

± rear facing: yellow.

When tested in accordance with clause 9, thechromaticity of the surfaces of background shall be

within the area defined by the co-ordinates given incolumns 1 to 4 of table 1 for the appropriate colour.The luminance factor shall be as given in table 1.

6.2 Characters

The complete surface of the characters shall be a shade of black. No part of the character shall have a luminance factor greater than that given for black intable 1.

6.3 Colour deleted

7 Retroreflection

7.1 The complete retroreflecting background area of the number plate shall be a continuous, substantiallyflat surface except that an integral raised or depressed margin, of width and height not exceeding5 mm and 2 mm respectively, is permitted aroundthe number plate periphery.

7.2 The number plate background shall have a minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9, as givenin table 2 for each of the observation angles andentrance angles specified. At any of the test points atthe 1Ê 309 observation angle the value of R9 shall notexceed 150 cd/lx per square metre.

7.3 The characters shall have a coefficient of retroreflection not greater than 0.5 cd/lx per squaremetre at the angles specified in table 2 when testedin accordance with clause 10.

7.4 When tested in accordance with clause 10 theminimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9, for eachangle shall conform to table 2.

8 Testing

A schedule shall accompany every sample unitdetailing the materials used in its construction. Thetests specified in this standard shall be carried outin the sequence specified in table 3.

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BS AU 145d : 1998

Table 3. Test schedules

Number of samples and tests Clause Test schedule Total

1 2 3 4

No. of sample units required (see 3.8) 1 1 3 1 6

1 Colorimetric test 9 ì Ð Ð Ð

2 Retroreflection test 10 ì Ð Ð Ð

3 Resistance to bending 11 ì Ð Ð Ð

4 Resistance to solvents 12 ì Ð Ð Ð

5 Thermal resistance 13 Ð ì Ð Ð

6 Resistance to impact 14 Ð Ð ì Ð

7 Resistance to corrosion 15 Ð Ð ì Ð

8 Resistance to weathering 16 Ð Ð Ð ì9 Resistance to vibration and shock (where

applicable)17 Ð ì Ð Ð

9 Colorimetric test

Each sample unit shall be tested in accordance withthe provisions of CIE Publication No 15 : 1986 whenilluminated with a source simulating the CIEStandard Illuminant D 65 of that standard at 45Ê tothe normal and viewed along the normal (45/0geometry).

10 Retroreflection test10.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordancewith 10.2 and shall conform to 7.4.

10.2 Each sample unit shall be tested in accordancewith the procedure defined in CIE Publication No. 54(TC - 2.3) : 1982 when illuminated with a sourcesimulating the CIE Standard Illuminant A of CIEPublication No. 15. The entrance and observationangles shall be in the same plane, as shown in figure2, and the angle subtended by the sample unit at thereceiver shall not exceed 1Ê 209. Measurements shallbe taken on the sample unit using a minimum area of 2000 mm2.

11 Resistance to bending

11.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordancewith 11.2 and shall conform to 11.3.

11.2 Each sample unit shall be positioned in theholding fixture and clamped as for impact testing(see annex A), except that the end of the number plate to be used for the deflection test shall extend125 mm from the clamp bar (see figure 3). A testmass, M , shall be attached, and suspended by meansof a clamp, from a point on the longitudinal centreline of the number plate and 10 mm in from thefree-end. The total mass suspended from the plate(including the mass, M , its suspension and its clamp)shall be not less than 3 kg.

A vertical height gauge shall be positioned at the endof the number plate to measure the deflection whenthe 3 kg mass is applied (see figure 3).

11.3 The sample unit under test shall be preconditioned at 20 ÊC ± 2 ÊC for at least 2 h andshall be tested at 20 ÊC ± 2 ÊC. The maximumdeflection, within 60 s of applying the mass, shall benot greater than 25 mm.

12 Resistance to solvents

12.1 When tested in accordance with 12.2 thesample unit shall conform to 12.3.

12.2 The front face surface of the sample unit shallbe wiped for 1 min per solvent with cotton ragsaturated with each of the three following solvents:

a) white spirit in accordance with BS 245;

b) paraffin class c1 in accordance with BS 2869 :Part 2 : 1988.

Use a fresh rag for each solvent.

12.3 After 5 min the sample unit shall show noevidence of softening or dissolving of the surface or edges or any deleterious effect. In cases of doubt,the value of R9 shall be measured as specified in 7.2at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and entrance anglesof 5Ê left and 5Ê right only, and shall be not less thanthe values specified in table 2.

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NOTE. The arrangement illustrated shows a measurement being taken with a negativeentrance angle. In the case of measurements at positive entrance angles, the projector will be to the left of plane A±A. The positions of the projector and receiver relative toone another remain the same, the only movement being to adjust the observation angle.

Figure 2. Arrangement of apparatus for measuring thecoefficient of retroreflection

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NOTE 1. All dimensions are in millimeters.NOTE 2. The diagram is not to scale.

Figure 3. Number plate bend-test arrangement


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13 Thermal resistance

13.1 A sample unit shall be tested in accordancewith annex B for five cycles.

13.2 The sample shall be compared visually withthe unexposed reference specimen referred to in16.1.

The exposed sample shall show no appreciableevidence of cracking, blistering or delamination. Thecolour of the exposed specimen shall continue toconform to 6.1 and table 1. There shall be noshrinkage of background material in excess of 1 % or 1 mm, whichever is the lesser, in any linear directionmeasured from the edge of the material. The sampleshall show no distortion along its longitudinal axis

greater than 10 mm.

13.3 The value of R9 for the exposed sample testedat an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and entrance anglesof 5Ê left and 5Ê right shall be not less than 80 % of the values given in table 2.

14 Resistance to impact

14.1 Three sample units shall be tested inaccordance with annex A using a 1 kg mass whichshall impact on the background material as near as possible to the geometric centre of the number plate.

14.2 The sample unit shall be conditioned for 2 hand then tested in accordance with annex A at a temperature of 20 ÊC ± 2 ÊC and a relative humidityof 35 % to 50 %. The impact energy shall be 7.5 J. Any crack on either face of the sample unit shall belimited to within a radius of 20 mm of the centre of impact. No part of the number plate shall becomedetached, otherwise the unit shall have been deemedto fail. All three sample units shall meet theserequirements.

14.3 In cases of doubt, after the test the value of R9for the retroreflective background shall be measuredin accordance with 7.2. The measurements shall be

taken over an area of 25 mm radius around theimpacted area at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 andat entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right only andshall be not less than 80 % of the values given intable 2.

15 Resistance to corrosion

15.1 The sample units which have been tested asspecified in clause 14 shall be subjected to theaction of a saline mist for 10 periods of exposure of 22 h, each period separated by suitable periodsduring which the sample unit is allowed to dry. The

saline mist shall be produced by atomizing, at a temperature of 35 ÊC ± 2 ÊC, a saline solutionobtained by dissolving 5 ± 1 parts m/m of sodiumchloride in 95 parts m/m of distilled water containing not more than 0.02 % m/m of impurities.

15.2 Immediately after completion of the test thesample unit shall not show signs of corrosion or

moisture ingress liable to impair the efficiency of thesample unit.

16 Resistance to weathering

16.1 General

For each treatment, each number plate of a sampleunit shall be cut into two or more parts and the cutedges sealed, if necessary, by means appropriate tothe materials. Each part shall include a character and a portion of the permitted markings. Onespecimen shall be placed in the dark in a drycontainer for subsequent use as a reference

unexposed specimen. The other specimen whichshall be of minimum size 100 mm 3 100 mm, shallundergo a weathering test in accordance with 16.2. After the test the specimen shall be washed in a dilute detergent solution and examined for conformance to 16.3, 16.4 and 16.5.

16.2 Weathering

The specimen shall be exposed to an acceleratedartificial weathering test in accordance withannex C.

16.3 Visual appearance

No area of the exposed specimen shall show any

appreciable evidence of cracking, scaling, pitting,blistering, delamination, blooming, corrosion or chalking. There shall be no shrinkage of backgroundmaterial in excess of 1 % or 1 mm, whichever is thelesser, in any linear direction measured from theedge of the material.

NOTE. See the note to clause 4.

16.4 Colour fastness

The colour of the exposed specimen shall continueto conform to clause 6.

16.5 Coefficient of retroreflection

16.5.1 The effect of weathering on the value of R9shall be measured only at an observation angle of 0Ê129 and at entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right and45Ê left and 45Ê right (see 7.2 and table 2).

16.5.2 The value of R9 for the exposed specimen,when dry, shall be not less than 80 % of the relevant value specified in table 2 for the test angles stated in16.5.1.

16.5.3 The specimen shall be then subjected to a water spray using the apparatus shown in figure 4and the surface shall be kept continuously wetted.The value of R9 for the specimen shall be measuredat an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and at entrance

angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right and during thiscondition it shall be not less than 72 % of theminimum relevant value specified in table 2.

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BS AU 145d : 1998

NOTE 1. All dimensions are in millimetres.NOTE 2. The diagram is not to scale.

Figure 4. Test arrangements for measurement of thecoefficient of retroreflection of wet specimens (see 16.5.3)

16.6 Effect of dirt

16.6.1 When exposed to artificial dirt, inaccordance with annex D, test specimensconforming to 16.5 shall conform to 16.6.2.

16.6.2 The coefficient of retroreflection R9 of thetest specimen shall then be measured in accordancewith 16.5.1.

a) The value of R9 shall be not less than 80 % of

the relevant value given in table 2 for the specifiedtest angles.

b) The luminance factor for white and yellowbackgrounds shall be not less than 80 % of therelevant minimum values for the retroreflectingbackgrounds given in table 1. The luminancefactor for yellow and black shall not exceed themaximum values for the retroreflectingbackgrounds given in table 1.

17 Resistance to vibration and shockNOTE. This test is applicable only to number plates where thecharacters are fixed by mechanical fixings.

17.1 A sample unit shall be fixed on a suitablesupport in accordance with the manufacturer'sinstructions for fixing the number plate to the vehicle (see 5.2). Holes drilled for fixing the number plate, in the absence of specific instructions shall be

6 mm in diameter, drilled 25 mm from the top edgeof the number plate and spaced at 260 mm centresequally disposed about the centre line of the number plate.

The unit shall be vibrated at approximately750 cycles/min through a distance of 3 mm for 1 h.

The table of the test machine shall be springmounted at one end and fitted with steel contactblocks on the underside of the other end. The blocksshall make contact with a steel anvil once duringeach cycle at the completion of the fall of the table,which shall be operated under a spring tension of 265 N to 310 N.

NOTE. A typical test machine is shown in figure 5.17.2 After the test the sample unit shall beexamined and shall not show evidence of materialweakness, delamination or displacement of characters.

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NOTE 1. All linear dimensions are in millimetres.NOTE 2. See table 4 for cam dimensions.NOTE 3. The diagram is not to scale.

Figure 5. Vibration and shock test machine

Table 4. Cam-profile radiil)

Point Radiusmm

Point Radiusmm

Point Radiusmm

1 14.000 8 15.461 15 17.594

2 14.000 9 15.765 16 17.899

3 14.064 10 16.070 17 18.204

4 14.241 11 16.375 18 18.509

5 14.546 12 16.680 19 18.686

6 14.851 13 16.985 20 18.763

7 15.156 14 17.2891) The cam width is between 12 mm and 25 mm.

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Annexes

Annex A (normative)

Method of test for impact resistance A.1 Apparatus

A.1.1 General

The apparatus shall be as shown in figure A.1.

A.1.2 Number plate holding fixture

The number plate holding fixture shall consist of a piece of steel channel 400 mm 3 250 mm 3 75 mm onwhich two sample supports of 75 mm 3 10 mm arelocated in a vertical position, resting on the longcross-section edge, across the width of the flat face of the steel channel. The spacing of the support plates

shall be equidistant from the centre of the steelchannel. The distance between the inside faces of thesupport plates shall be 250 mm. (See figure A.2.)

Clamping of the test sample to each support shall beby means of a 9 mm square bar. The bar is the samelength as the support plate and shall be retained inalignment by a pair of vertical steel bars attached toeach end of the support plate. A 20 mm square steelbar shall be attached to the top of the alignment plates, in a horizontal position, to form a bridge over the support plate and clamping bar. The M8 set screwslocated in the threaded holes positioned in the centreof the span of each bridge bar, shall be used to apply

pressure to the clamp bars. A.1.3 Falling mass

The falling mass (striker) shall be constructed fromsteel rod and shall have a spherical striking nose of 6.5 mm radius. It shall be used with a drop tube of anysuitable material which is straight and which has aninside diameter slightly larger than the falling mass anddoes not restrict its free fall.

A.2 Determination of impact resistance

The impact resistance value shall be calculated bymultiplying the height of the fall by the mass used.

A.3 Method

Lay the test sample flat with the front surfaceuppermost and with an overhang at each end. Tightenthe set screw to a torque of 7 N´m to secure the testsample. Raise the mass to the required height andretain it by the location pin. When the number plateand apparatus have attained the required conditions,remove the pin and allow the mass to fall freely.

Annex B (normative)

Method of test for thermal resistanceB.1 Principle

Expose sample units to a temperature cycle to testtheir thermal resistance.

B.2 Procedure

B.2.1 Test a sample unit in the normal vehicle attitudeby holding it in a simple support system, such as thatshown in figure B.1, to within ±10Ê of the vertical.

B.2.2 Support the sample unit in a dry atmosphere ata constant temperature of 65 ÊC ± 2 ÊC for 7 h, thenremoved to room temperature (20 ÊC ± 2 ÊC) for 1 h.

B.2.3 Condition the sample unit in accordance withB.2.2. Immediately after conditioning the sample unit place it in a dry atmosphere at a constant temperatureof 240 ÊC ± 2 ÊC for a period of 15 h, then remove toroom temperature (20 ÊC ± 2 ÊC) for 1 h beforere-exposing it to the atmosphere specified in B.2.2.

Annex C (normative)

Method and apparatus for acceleratedartificial weathering tests

C.1 Apparatus

C.1.1 Xenon-arc artificial exposure equipment,conforming to BS 2782 : Part 5 : Method 540B : 1995.

C.2 Test conditions

C.2.1 General

Appropriate filters shall be placed between the lightsource and the sample unit to considerably reduceradiations with wavelengths shorter than 295 nm andlonger than 2500 nm.

C.2.2 Irradiance level

The irradiance level shall be 550 W/m2 ± 55 W/m2

(over the 300 nm to 800 nm range), when measured inthe plane of the exposed specimens.

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Figure A.1 Apparatus for impact resistance test


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Figure B.1 Sample support stand for thermal resistance test

C.2.3 Temperature

The temperature shall be as specified in table C.1.

Table C.1 Temperature

Placement of retroreflectingmaterial

Temperature

Black standard

thermometer

Black panel

thermometerRetroreflectivematerial behindrigid transparent panel

50 ÊC ± 3 ÊC 45 ÊC ± 3 ÊC

Retroreflectingmaterial formsfront surface of the plate

70 ÊC ± 3 ÊC 63 ÊC ± 3 ÊC

C.2.4 Relative humidity

Relative humidity shall be 65 % ± 5%, when measuredduring the light-only portion of the exposure cycle.

C.2.5 Radiant exposure

Radiant exposure shall be 4500 MJ/m2 ± 250 MJ/m2 atthe recommended irradiance level of 550 W/m2 ± 55W/m2 (over the 300 nm to 800 nm range).

NOTE. This gives an exposure time of approximately 2275 h.

C.2.6 Exposure cycle

The exposure cycle shall be 102 min of light only atthe black panel temperature specified in C.2.3,followed by 18 min of light with specimen spray.

NOTE. Water used for the specimen spray may contain a maximum of 1 ppm dissolved solids and 0.1 ppm maximum silica.Water of the required purity can be achieved by distillation or a combination of deionization and reverse osmosis.

C.3 Procedure

Expose the sample unit under the test conditions inaccordance with either the test methods described inBS 2782 : Part 5 : Method 540D : 1995 or BS 2782 :Part 5 : Method 540B : 1982.

Annex D (normative)

Procedure for preparing a dirty numberplate for test purposes

D.1 Principle

The specimen exposed as described in 16.2 and testedas described in 16.5, is artificially made dirty for the purpose of the test described in 16.6.

D.2 Artificial dirt

Artificial dirt shall consist of the following mixture:

± nine parts by mass of silica sand with particle size# 100 mm;

± one part by mass of vegetable carbon dust with particle size # 100 mm;

± 0.2 parts by mass of sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and an appropriatequantity of distilled water with conductivity less thanor equal to 10 mS/cm.

The NaCMC used in the dirt mixture shall have a degree of substitution 0.6 to 0.7 and a viscosity of 200 mPa´s to 300 mPa´s (200 cP to 300 cP) at20 ÊC for a 2 % by m/m solution. The test mixture shallbe not more than 14 days old.

D.3 Procedure

Apply the mixture to the front surface of theweathered specimen so that the background is

obscured. Allow the mixture to dry and leave it on thesurface for three days. Then clean the surfaces bywashing with a clean mixture of water and a neutraldetergent, using a soft natural bristle brush if necessary.

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List of references

Normative references

BSI publicationsBRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 245 : 1976 Specification for mineral solvents (white spirit and related hydrocarbon solvents) for paints and other purposes

BS 2782 Methods of testing plasticsBS 2782 : Part 5 : Optical and colour properties, weathering

BS 2782 : Part 5 : Method 540E : 1995 Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Ð Xenon arc sources

BS 2782 : Part 5 : Method 540D : 1995 Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources(General guidance)

BS 2869 : Fuel oils for non-marine use

BS 2869 : Part 2 : 1988 Specification for fuel oil for agricultural andindustrial engines and burners (classes A2, C1, C2,

D, E, F, G and H)

CIE publicationsINTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ILLUMINATION (CIE), Vienna. (All publications are available from Customer Services BSI.)

Publication CIE No. 15 : Second edition, 1986 Colorimetry

Publication CIE No. 54 : (TC-2.3) : 1982 Retroreflection definition and measurement

Informative references

[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Road Traffic Act 1991. London : HMSO.

[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations, as amended.London : HMSO.

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BSI

389 Chiswick High Road

LondonW4 4AL

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BSI Ð British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is

incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions

British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standardsshould make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. Wewould be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using thisBritish Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000.Fax: 020 8996 7400.

BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures thatsubscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.

Buying standards

Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should beaddressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001. Standardsare also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com.

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSIimplementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unlessotherwise requested.

Information on standards

BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and internationalstandards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. VariousBSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its

products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111.Fax: 020 8996 7048.

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments andreceive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002.Fax: 020 8996 7001. Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website athttp://www.bsi-global.com.

Copyright

Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permittedunder the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means ± electronic,

photocopying, recording or otherwise ± without prior written permission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If thesedetails are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained.

If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensingagreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.Tel: 020 8996 7070.

bs au 145d-1998 (2001)

Documents