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BS EN1744-1:2009
ICS 91.100.15
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
BRITISH STANDARD
Tests for chemicalproperties ofaggregatesPart 1: Chemical analysis
+A1:2012
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National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012. It supersedes BS EN 1744-1:2009, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text alteredby CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !".The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/502, Aggregates to Subcommittee B/502/6, Test methods.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2010.
The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Comments
31 January 2013 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2012
ISBN 978 0 580 76567 4
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM
EN 1744-1:2009+A1
November 2012
ICS 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 1744-1:2009
English Version
Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Chemical analysis
Essais visant dterminer les proprits chimiques des granulats - Partie 1: Analyse chimique
Prfverfahren fr chemische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskrnungen - Teil 1: Chemische Analyse
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2009 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 15 October 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T E U R O P E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP IS C HES KOM ITEE FR NOR M UNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012: E
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
2
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 71 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 82 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 83 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 94 Reagents ................................................................................................................................................ 94.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 94.2 Reagents for determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Volhard
method (Clause 7) ............................................................................................................................... 104.3 Reagents for determination of water-soluble chloride salts by
potentiometry (Clause 8) .................................................................................................................... 114.4 Reagent for factory production control determination of water-soluble chloride
salts using the Mohr method (Clause 9) ........................................................................................... 114.5 Reagents for determination of water-soluble sulfates (Clause 10) ............................................... 114.6 Reagents for determination of total sulfur content (Clause 11) ..................................................... 114.7 Reagents for determination of acid soluble sulfide content (Clause 13) ...................................... 114.8 Reagents for determination of lightweight contaminators (see 14.2) ........................................... 134.9 Reagents for determination of potential presence of humus (see 15.1) ....................................... 134.10 Reagents for determination of fulvo acid content (see 15.2) ......................................................... 134.11 Reagents for determination of free lime by complexometry (see 18.2) ........................................ 144.12 Reagent for determination of free lime by conductometry (see 18.3) ........................................... 144.13 Reagents for determination of free lime by acidimetry (see 18.4) ................................................. 144.14 Reagent for the determination of the expansion of steel slag (see 19.3) ...................................... 154.14.1 Silicone oil. ............................................................................................................................................ 154.14.2 Hydrochloric acid diluted (1 + 5). .......................................................................................................... 155 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................ 155.1 General requirements ......................................................................................................................... 155.2 Apparatus for general purposes ....................................................................................................... 155.3 Additional apparatus required for determination of water-soluble chloride salts
following Volhard (see Clause 7) ....................................................................................................... 165.4 Additional apparatus required for potentiometric determination of water-soluble
chloride salts (see Clause 8) .............................................................................................................. 165.5 Additional apparatus required for factory production control determination of
water soluble chloride salts following Mohr (see Clause 9) ........................................................... 175.6 Additional apparatus required for determination of water-soluble sulfates (see
Clause 10) ............................................................................................................................................ 175.7 Additional apparatus required for the determination of total sulfur content (see
Clause 11) ............................................................................................................................................ 175.8 Additional apparatus required for determination of sulfide content (see Clause 13) ................. 175.9 Additional apparatus required for determination of lightweight contaminators
(see 14.2) .............................................................................................................................................. 185.10 Additional apparatus required for determination of the potential presence of
humus (see 15.1) ................................................................................................................................. 185.11 Additional apparatus required for determination of fulvo acid content (see 15.2) ...................... 195.12 Additional apparatus required for determination of organic contaminators by
mortar method (see 15.3) ................................................................................................................... 195.13 Additional apparatus required for determination of free lime by complexometry
(see 18.2) .............................................................................................................................................. 195.14 Additional apparatus required for determination of free lime by conductometry
(see 18.3) .............................................................................................................................................. 19
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
3
5.15 Additional apparatus required for acidimetric determination of free lime (see 18.4) .................. 225.16 Additional apparatus required for the determination of CaO in steel slag by X-ray
diffraction (see 18.5). .......................................................................................................................... 225.17 Additional apparatus required for the determination of dicalcium silicate
disintegration of air-cooled blast-furnace slag (see 19.1) .............................................................. 235.18 Additional apparatus required for determination of the volume expansion of steel
slag (see 19.3) ...................................................................................................................................... 236 General requirements for testing ...................................................................................................... 266.1 Number of tests ................................................................................................................................... 266.2 Repeatability and reproducibility ...................................................................................................... 266.3 Expression of mass, volume, factors and results ........................................................................... 266.4 Drying of materials .............................................................................................................................. 266.5 Ignitions of precipitates...................................................................................................................... 276.6 Check for the absence of chloride ions (silver nitrate test) ........................................................... 277 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Volhard method
(Reference method) ............................................................................................................................ 277.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 277.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 277.3 Preparation of test specimens ........................................................................................................... 277.4 Preparation of extracts ....................................................................................................................... 287.5 Procedure for the determination of the chloride content of the extracts ..................................... 287.6 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 298 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts by potentiometry (Alternative
method) ................................................................................................................................................ 298.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 298.2 Sampling, preparation of test specimens and extracts .................................................................. 298.3 Procedure for the determination of the chloride content of the extracts ..................................... 298.4 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 309 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Mohr method (Alternative
method) ................................................................................................................................................ 309.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 309.2 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 309.3 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 309.4 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 319.5 Preparation of extracts ....................................................................................................................... 319.6 Procedure for the determination of the chloride content of the extracts ..................................... 319.7 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 3110 Determination of water-soluble sulfates........................................................................................... 3110.1 Determination of water soluble sulfates in natural and manufactured aggregates ..................... 3110.1.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 3110.1.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 3210.1.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 3210.1.4 Preparation of extracts ....................................................................................................................... 3210.1.5 Procedure for the determination of the sulfate content of the extracts ........................................ 3210.1.6 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 3310.2 Determination of water soluble sulfates in recycled aggregates .................................................. 3310.2.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 3310.2.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 3310.2.3 Preparation of test specimen ............................................................................................................. 3410.2.4 Preparation of extracts ....................................................................................................................... 3410.2.5 Procedure for the determination of the sulfate content of the extracts, using a
spectrophotometer ............................................................................................................................. 3411 Determination of total sulfur content ................................................................................................ 3511.1 Determination of total sulfur content by acid digestion (Reference method) .............................. 3511.2 Determination of total sulfur content by high temperature combustion (Alternative
method) ................................................................................................................................................ 37
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
4
11.2.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 3711.2.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 3711.2.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 3711.2.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 3711.2.5 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 3712 Determination of acid soluble sulfates ............................................................................................. 3712.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 3712.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 3812.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 3812.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 3812.5 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 3813 Determination of acid soluble sulfides ............................................................................................. 3913.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 3913.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 3913.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 3913.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 3913.5 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4014 Determination of components affecting the surface finish of concrete ....................................... 4014.1 Examination for the presence of reactive iron sulfide particles .................................................... 4014.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 4014.1.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4014.1.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 4114.2 Determination of lightweight contaminators ................................................................................... 4114.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 4114.2.2 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4114.2.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 4114.2.4 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4215 Determination of organic components affecting the setting and the hardening of
cement .................................................................................................................................................. 4215.1 Determination of potential presence of humus ............................................................................... 4215.1.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4215.1.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4215.1.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 4215.1.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 4315.1.5 Expression of results.......................................................................................................................... 4315.2 Determination of fulvo acid content .................................................................................................. 4315.2.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4315.2.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4315.2.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 4315.2.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 4315.2.5 Expression of results.......................................................................................................................... 4415.3 Determination of organic contaminators by mortar method .......................................................... 4415.3.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4415.3.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4415.3.3 Preparation of test portions ............................................................................................................... 4415.3.4 Preliminary treatment of test portions .............................................................................................. 4415.3.5 Constituents ........................................................................................................................................ 4515.3.6 Mix quantities ...................................................................................................................................... 4515.3.7 Mixing procedure ................................................................................................................................ 4515.3.8 Measurement of stiffening time ......................................................................................................... 4615.3.9 Compressive strength of hardened mortar ...................................................................................... 4615.3.10 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4616 Determination of water solubility ...................................................................................................... 4716.1 Determination of water solubility of aggregate, excluding filler .................................................... 4716.1.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4716.1.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4716.1.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 47
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
5
16.1.4 Extraction of soluble components .................................................................................................... 4716.1.5 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4716.2 Determination of water solubility of filler ......................................................................................... 4816.2.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4816.2.2 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4816.2.3 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 4816.2.4 Extraction of soluble component ...................................................................................................... 4816.2.5 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4817 Determination of loss on ignition ...................................................................................................... 4917.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 4917.2 Sampling and preparation of test portion ........................................................................................ 4917.3 Procedure for the determination of loss on ignition ....................................................................... 4917.4 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 4918 Determination of free lime in steel slag ............................................................................................ 5018.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 5018.2 Determination of free lime by complexometry (Reference method) .............................................. 5018.2.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5018.2.2 Sampling and preparation of test portion ........................................................................................ 5018.2.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 5018.2.4 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 5118.3 Determination of free lime by conductometry (Alternative method) ............................................. 5118.3.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5118.3.2 Sampling and preparation of test portion ........................................................................................ 5118.3.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 5118.3.4 Evaluation and expression of results ............................................................................................... 5118.4 Determination of free lime by acidimetry (Alternative method) ..................................................... 5118.4.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5118.4.2 Sampling and preparation of test portion ........................................................................................ 5218.4.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 5218.4.4 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 5218.5 Determination of CaO in steel slag by X-ray diffraction ................................................................. 5218.5.1 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5218.5.2 Procedure of analysis ......................................................................................................................... 5318.5.3 Calibration procedure ......................................................................................................................... 5418.5.4 Analytical results ................................................................................................................................ 5519 Determination of unsoundness of blast-furnace and steel slags .................................................. 5519.1 Determination of dicalcium silicate disintegration of air-cooled blast-furnace slag ................... 5519.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 5519.1.2 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5519.1.3 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 5519.1.4 Preparation of test portion ................................................................................................................. 5519.1.5 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 5519.1.6 Expression of results.......................................................................................................................... 5519.2 Determination of iron disintegration of air-cooled blast-furnace slag .......................................... 5619.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 5619.2.2 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5619.2.3 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 5619.2.4 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 5619.2.5 Expression of results.......................................................................................................................... 5619.3 Determination of the expansion of steel slag .................................................................................. 5619.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 5619.3.2 Principle ............................................................................................................................................... 5619.3.3 Sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 5619.3.4 Preparation and compaction of the specimens ............................................................................... 5619.3.5 Steam test procedure ......................................................................................................................... 5819.3.6 Calculation and expression of results .............................................................................................. 58Annex A (informative) Precision ..................................................................................................................... 60
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
6
A.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................... 60A.2 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Volhard method
(Reference method) (See Clause 7) ................................................................................................... 60A.3 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts by potentiometry (Alternative
method) (See Clause 8) ...................................................................................................................... 60A.4 Determination of water-soluble sulfates in recycled aggregate (See 10.2) .................................. 60A.5 Determination of total sulfur content by acid digestion (Reference method) (See
11.1) ...................................................................................................................................................... 60A.6 Determination of acid soluble sulfates (See Clause 12) ................................................................. 61Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 62
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
7
Foreword
This document (EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 Aggregates, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes !EN 1744-1:2009".
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2012-10-15.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ".
This standard forms part of a series of tests for chemical properties of aggregates. Test methods for other properties of aggregates are covered by the following European Standards:
EN 932 (all parts), Tests for general properties of aggregates
EN 933 (all parts), Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates
EN 1097 (all parts), Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates
EN 1367 (all parts), Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates
The other parts of EN 1744, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates, are:
Part 3: Preparation of eluates by leaching of aggregates
Part 4: Determination of water susceptibility of fillers for bituminous mixtures
Part 5: Determination of acid soluble chloride salts
Part 6: Determination of the influence of recycled aggregate extract on the initial setting time of cement
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
8
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies procedures for the chemical analysis of aggregates. It specifies the reference procedures and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered as giving equivalent results.
Unless otherwise stated, the test methods specified in this standard may be used for factory production control, for audit tests or for type tests.
This standard describes the reference methods used for type testing and in cases of dispute (and alternatives methods) for chemical analyses of aggregates. For the purpose of type testing and in cases of dispute only the reference method should be used. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-2:2005, Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
EN 459-2, Building lime Part 2: Test methods
EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 1: Methods for sampling
EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples
EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 5: Common equipment and calibration
EN 932-6, Tests for general properties of aggregates Part 6: Definitions of repeatability and reproducibility
EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution Test sieves, nominal size of apertures
EN 1015-4, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 4: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by plunger penetration)
EN 1015-9, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 9: Determination of workable life and correction time of fresh mortar
EN 1015-11, Methods of test for mortar for masonry Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar
EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of particle density and water absorption
ISO 384:1978, Laboratory glassware Principles of design and construction of volumetric glassware
ISO 385, Laboratory glassware Burettes
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
9
ISO 648, Laboratory glassware Single-volume pipettes
ISO 649-1, Laboratory glassware Density hydrometers for general purposes Part 1: Specification
ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks
ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders
DIN 12242-1:1980, Laboratory glassware; interchangeable conical ground joints, dimensions, tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 test portion subsample used as a whole in a single test
3.2 test specimen sample used in a single determination when a test method requires more than one determination of a property
3.3 laboratory sample sample intended for laboratory testing
3.4 constant mass successive weighings after drying at least 1 h apart not differing by more than 0,1 %
NOTE In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test portion has been dried for a pre-determined period in a specified oven at (110 5) C. Test laboratories can determine the time required to achieve constant mass for specific types and sizes of sample dependent upon the drying capacity of the oven used.
4 Reagents
4.1 General
4.1.1 Unless otherwise stated, use only analytical grade reagents and demineralized water, or water of equivalent purity.
NOTE 1 Unless otherwise stated "%" means "% by mass".
NOTE 2 Where no tolerances are given for reagent volumes or masses, the values quoted are approximate. In such cases volumes delivered from measuring cylinders and indicated masses using the ordinary balances specified in 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 are considered sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this European Standard.
NOTE 3 Unless otherwise stated reagent solutions may be assumed to have long-term stability.
NOTE 4 All chemicals should be treated as potential poisons with toxic properties and appropriate precautions taken before their use. Always take time to assess possible hazards before starting any procedures and constant attention should be maintained.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
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4.1.2 Concentrated liquid reagents shall have the following densities in g/cm at 20 C:
Hydrochloric acid : 1,18 to 1,19
Nitric acid : 1,39 to 1,42
Sulfuric acid : 1,84
Ammonium hydroxide : 0,88 to 0,91
The degree of dilution shall be indicated as a volumetric sum.
NOTE 1 For example in 4.11.4, "hydrochloric acid (1+1)" means that 1 volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid is to be mixed with 1 volume of water.
NOTE 2 Ready for use solutions may be used as an alternative.
4.2 Reagents for determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Volhard method (Clause 7)
4.2.1 Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution, 0,100 mol/l, prepared by drying about 20 g of silver nitrate for at least 1 h at a temperature of (110 5) C, left to cool in a desiccator and then weighing (16,987 0,001) g of the dried silver nitrate, dissolving in water and diluting to 1 l in a volumetric flask (5.3.6). Store the solution in the amber-coloured glass reagent bottle (5.2.14) and protect from prolonged exposure to sunlight.
4.2.2 Thiocyanate (KSCN or NH4SCN) solution, approximately 0,1 mol/l, prepared by dissolving 9,7 g of potassium thiocyanate or 7,6 g ammonium thiocyanate in water and diluting to 1 l in a volumetric flask.
Pipette 25 ml of silver nitrate solution (4.2.1) into a conical flask (5.3.5) and add 5 ml of nitric acid (4.2.3) and 1 ml of ammonium iron (III) sulfate indicator solution (4.2.5).
Add the thiocyanate solution from a burette (5.2.13) until the first permanent colour change occurs, that is from white opalescence to pale brown. Note the volume of thiocyanate solution added.
Calculate the concentration of the thiocyanate solution cT, (in mol/l), from the following equation:
cT = 2,5/V1 (1)
where
V1 is the volume of thiocyanate added (in ml).
Standardize the solution at weekly intervals, or before use if the tests are less frequent.
4.2.3 Nitric acid (HNO3), approximately 6 mol/l, prepared by adding 100 ml of nitric acid (4.1) to 150 ml water, boiling the diluted acid in a fume cupboard (5.2.17) until it is colourless and leave to cool to room temperature.
4.2.4 Chloride free technical grade 3,5-trimethylhexan-1-ol.
4.2.5 Ammonium iron (III) sulfate NH4Fe(SO4)2.12H2O indicator solution, prepared by adding 60 g of water to 50 g ammonium iron (III) sulfate, warming to dissolve, and adding 10 ml nitric acid (4.2.3).
Leave the solution to cool to room temperature and store in a glass bottle (5.2.15).
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
11
4.3 Reagents for determination of water-soluble chloride salts by potentiometry (Clause 8)
4.3.1 Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution, 0,01 mol/l, prepared using the same procedure as specified in 4.2.1, but dissolving 1,699 g of dried silver nitrate in a 1 l volumetric flask (5.3.6).
4.3.2 Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, 0,02 mol/l, prepared by drying about 2 g of sodium chloride at a temperature of (110 5) C for 1 h to 2 h, leaving to cool and then weighing (1,169 0,001) g of the dried sodium chloride, dissolving in water and diluting to 1 l in a volumetric flask (5.3.6).
4.4 Reagent for factory production control determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Mohr method (Clause 9)
Potassium chromate (K2CrO4) solution, prepared by dissolving 10 g of potassium chromate in 100 ml water.
4.5 Reagents for determination of water-soluble sulfates (Clause 10)
4.5.1 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, made by adding 200 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid (4.1) to 800 ml water.
4.5.2 Barium chloride (BaCl2) solution, made by dissolving 100 g of barium chloride (BaCl2.2H2O) in 1 l of water, and filtered through a medium grade filter paper before use.
4.6 Reagents for determination of total sulfur content (Clause 11)
4.6.1 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 30 % concentration.
4.6.2 Indicator methyl red (dissolve 20 mg methyl red powder in 50 ml of ethanol, then add 50 ml of water).
4.7 Reagents for determination of acid soluble sulfide content (Clause 13)
4.7.1 Lead acetate solution, made by dissolving approximately 0,2 g of lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O) in water and making up to 100 ml.
4.7.2 Ammoniacal zinc sulfate solution, made by dissolving 50 g of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) in 150 ml water and add 350 ml of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Leave to stand for at least 24 h and filter through a medium grade filter paper.
4.7.3 Tin (II) chloride (SnCl2.2H2O).
4.7.4 Metallic chromium (Cr), in powder form.
4.7.5 Standard potassium iodate solution containing 0,016 7 mol/l, made by dissolving successively in freshly boiled and cooled water in a 1 l volumetric flask, (3,6 0,1) g to the nearest 0,1 mg (6.3) of potassium iodate (KIO3) dried at (110 5) C, two pellets (about 0,4 g) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 25 g of potassium iodide (KI). Make up to the mark with freshly boiled and cooled water.
NOTE 1 A trace of sodium hydroxide will help to stabilize this solution. The solution should be discarded when it becomes discoloured.
The factor F of this solution is calculated from the following equation:
8566,3mF 1= (2)
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
12
where
m1 is the mass of the portion of potassium iodate in g.
NOTE 2 The value of factor F for the solution should be calculated using the mean value of three determinations, expressed to three decimal places.
NOTE 3 If the sulfide content is less than 0,1 % by mass, solutions ten times less concentrated should be used. They are prepared by pipetting 100 ml of the solutions (4.7.5 and 4.7.6) into 1 l volumetric flasks and making up to the mark with water.
4.7.6 Sodium thiosulfate solution approximately 0,1 mol/l, made by dissolving 24,82 g of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3.5H2O) in water and making up to 1 l.
Before each test series, determine the factor f of this solution using one of the two methods that follow.
a) Standardization (preferred method) in relation to the standard potassium iodate solution (4.7.5).
Pipette 20 ml of the standard potassium iodate solution into a 500 ml conical flask and dilute with approximately 150 ml of water. Acidify with 25 ml of hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) and titrate with the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution to a pale yellow colour.
Then add 2 ml of the starch solution (4.7.7) and continue the titration until the colour changes from blue to colourless.
The factor f of this solution is calculated from the following equation:
22
208566,3
01,21467016,020VF
VFf =
= (3)
where
F is the factor of the standard potassium iodate solution (4.7.5) expressed in mol/l;
V2 is the volume of the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution used for the titration.
NOTE 1 3,566 8 g/l of potassium iodate corresponds to a solution with exactly 0,016 67 mol/l of potassium iodate and 214,01 is the molecular mass of KIO3.
b) Standardization in relation to a known quantity of potassium iodate.
Place (70 5) mg of potassium iodate in a 500 ml conical flask and dissolve in approximately 150 ml of water.
Add about 1 g of potassium iodide, acidify with 25 ml of hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) and titrate with the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution until a pale yellow colour is obtained. Then add 2 ml of the starch solution (4.7.7) and titrate until the colour changes from blue to colourless.
The factor f of this solution is calculated from the following equation:
V
m
V
mf3
2
3
2 4363,2808566,3
0001=
= (4)
where
m2 is the mass of the portion of potassium iodate in g;
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
13
V3 is the volume of the approximately 0,1 mol/l sodium thiosulfate solution used for the titration.
NOTE 2 3,566 8 g/l of potassium iodate corresponds to a solution with exactly 0,016 67 mol/l of potassium iodate.
NOTE 3 The value of factor f for the solution should be calculated using the mean value of three determinations, expressed to three decimal places.
4.7.7 Starch solution, made taking 1 g of starch (water soluble), adding 1 g of potassium iodide KI, dissolving in water and making up to 100 ml.
4.8 Reagents for determination of lightweight contaminators (see 14.2)
4.8.1 Zinc chloride solution, obtained by dissolving 7 kg of ZnCl2 in 3 l of water to obtain a saturated solution of density of (1,98 0,02) g/cm3 at (20 3) C. The relative density of the solution, after cooling to room temperature, shall be checked using a suitable hydrometer (5.9.3).
NOTE Zinc chloride solution is moderately irritating to skin and mucous membranes.
4.8.2 Sodium polytungstate solution (as an alternative to 4.8.1), prepared by dissolving 3Na2WO4.9W03.H2O crystals in water until the density of well stirred solution containing no undissolved crystals is (1,98 0,02) g/cm3 at (20 3) C. The relative density of the solution, after cooling to room temperature, shall be checked using a suitable hydrometer (5.9.3).
4.9 Reagents for determination of potential presence of humus (see 15.1)
4.9.1 A 3 % solution of sodium hydroxide, made by dissolving 30 g of sodium hydroxide pellets in water, cooling to room temperature and diluting to 1 l in a volumetric flask.
4.9.2 Standard colour solution, prepared by dissolving 45,0 g of FeCl3.6H2O and 5,50 g of CoCl2.6H2O in 279,5 g of water with 1 ml concentrated HCl.
Store the solution in a glass bottle.
NOTE 1 The solution should be stable for at least two weeks.
NOTE 2 The standard colour solution (tangerine-orange) is equivalent to Gardner Colour Standard Number11 or Organic Plate Number31).
4.10 Reagents for determination of fulvo acid content (see 15.2)
4.10.1 Hydrochloric acid, diluted (1 + 23) (4.1).
4.10.2 Stannous chloride solution, made by dissolving 22,5 g of SnCl2.2H2O in 1 l of hydrochloric acid (4.10.1).
NOTE The solution should be stable for at least two weeks.
1) Colour scale discs and equivalent standard solutions can be obtained from: Tintometer Ltd, Lovibond House, Solar Way, Solstice Park, Amesbury, Wiltshire, SPA 7SZ, UK Tel: +44.1980.664800; Fax: +44.1980.625412; Email: [email protected]; website: www.tintometer.com or Intertest Benelux v.o.f. P.O. Box 373 NL - 4870 AJ Etten-Leur Phone: +31 (0)76 501 53 51; Fax: +31 (0)76 503 31 81; Email: [email protected] or [email protected]; website: www.intertest.nl. This information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
14
4.11 Reagents for determination of free lime by complexometry (see 18.2)
4.11.1 Ethanediol (Ethylene glycol), fresh, anhydrous.
4.11.2 Propan-2-ol (Isopropanol), anhydrous.
4.11.3 Filter paper pulp, in anhydrous ethanediol.
4.11.4 Hydrochloric acid, diluted (1+1) (4.1).
4.11.5 Triethanolamine.
4.11.6 m-Nitrophenol (0,1 g in 100 ml H20).
4.11.7 Sodium hydroxide solution, 2 mol/l, made by dissolving 80 g of sodium hydroxide pellets in water, cooling to room temperature and diluting to 1 l in a volumetric flask.
4.11.8 Indicator, made by grinding together 1 g of murexide (ammonium purpurate) and 100 g NaCl using a pestle and mortar.
4.11.9 EDTA solution 1/112 mol/l, (3,3 0,1) g of ethylenediaminetetra - acetic acid disodium salt, dried to constant mass at 80 C, dissolved in water and made up to 1 l. This solution needs to be standardized against a solution of known calcium content (4.11.10).
4.11.10 Standard calcium solution (1 ml = 1 mg of calcium oxide). Dissolve (1,785 0,001) g of pure calcium carbonate (4.11.11) dried at (110 5) C in a slight excess of (1 + 4) hydrochloric acid. Boil the solution to expel carbon dioxide, cover and cool to room temperature and dilute to 1 l with water in a volumetric flask (5.3.6).
NOTE Commercially standardized solutions are available, for example (1,000 0,002) g CaO/l.
4.11.11 Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated grade, volumetric standard.
4.11.12 Soda-lime, granulated.
4.12 Reagent for determination of free lime by conductometry (see 18.3)
Ethanediol (4.11.1).
4.13 Reagents for determination of free lime by acidimetry (see 18.4)
4.13.1 Ethyl acetoacetate, anhydrous grade.
4.13.2 2-methyl propan-l-ol, (isobutyl alcohol) anhydrous grade.
4.13.3 Thymol blue indicator (thymolsulfonephthalein).
4.13.4 Hydrochloric acid, (4.1).
4.13.5 Solvent solution, 450 ml of ethyl acetoacetate in 3 l of 2-methylpropan-l-ol.
4.13.6 Indicator, 0,1 g of thymol blue indicator powder dissolved in 100 ml of 2-methylpropan-l-ol.
4.13.7 Hydrochloric acid solution approximately 0,2 mol/l.
To prepare this solution, make up 17 ml of hydrochloric acid (4.1) to 1 l with 2-methylpropan-l-ol.
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
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To standardize this solution, weigh (100 0,1) mg of calcium carbonate (4.11.11) in a crucible (5.6.2) and calcine for 1 h at 1000 C. Extract the free lime and titrate in accordance with 18.4.3.
Determine the k factor from the following equation:
Vk
409,100
10008,56
= (5)
where
V4 is the volume of hydrochloric acid added (in ml);
k represents the number of mg of free CaO per ml of standardized hydrochloric acid solution.
NOTE The value of factor k for the solution should be calculated using the mean value of three determinations, expressed to three decimal places.
4.13.8 Sodium hydroxide on support granulated about 0,8 mm to 1,6 mm for elementary analysis.
4.14 Reagent for the determination of the expansion of steel slag (see 19.3)
4.14.1 Silicone oil.
4.14.2 Hydrochloric acid diluted (1 + 5).
5 Apparatus
5.1 General requirements
All apparatus shall comply with the general requirements of EN 932-5.
Unless otherwise stated, all volumetric glassware shall be of class B accuracy as defined in ISO 384:1978. Volumetric glassware of class A accuracy shall be used for audit tests and for type tests.
NOTE Where no tolerances are specified for dimensions, the values quoted are approximate.
5.2 Apparatus for general purposes
5.2.1 Well ventilated oven, capable of being controlled to maintain a constant temperature in the range of 40 C to 150 C with an accuracy of 5 C, equipped with a heat resistant tray made of non-corrodible material.
5.2.2 Electric muffle furnace capable of being controlled to maintain a constant temperature in the range of 800 C to 1 100 C with an accuracy of 25 C.
5.2.3 Crushing and grinding equipment to reduce aggregates to sizes that pass through sieves suitable for particular tests while producing a minimum of fines.
5.2.4 Balance, capable of weighing up to 10 kg, readable to the nearest 1 g.
5.2.5 Balance, capable of weighing up to 1 kg, readable to the nearest 0,01 g.
5.2.6 Analytical balance, capable of weighing up to 100 g, readable to the nearest 0,1 mg.
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
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5.2.7 Hot plate with magnetic stirrer.
5.2.8 pH meter, readable to 0,1 pH units.
5.2.9 Beakers, conical flasks, funnels and filter paper.
5.2.10 Pipettes, 25 ml, 50 ml and 100 ml, complying with the requirements of ISO 648.
5.2.11 Graduated measuring cylinders, capacity 10 ml, 250 ml and 500 ml, complying with the requirements of ISO 4788.
5.2.12 Wash bottles, containing demineralized water.
5.2.13 Burettes, 50 ml size, graduated to 0,1 ml, complying with the requirements of ISO 385.
5.2.14 Amber-coloured glass reagent bottles.
5.2.15 Plain glass reagent bottles.
5.2.16 Desiccators.
5.2.17 Fume cupboard.
5.2.18 Watch glass.
5.3 Additional apparatus required for determination of water-soluble chloride salts following Volhard (see Clause 7)
5.3.1 Test sieve, 16 mm square hole perforated plate complying with the requirements of EN 933-2.
5.3.2 Two glass, plastic or metal bottles, or wide-mouthed Erlenmeyer flasks, with well fitting stoppers.
NOTE The bottles should be approximately 5 l capacity when testing coarse aggregates or lightweight aggregates; approximately 2 l capacity when testing fine aggregates; and 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks for testing filler.
5.3.3 Mechanical shaker or roller, to take the extraction bottles (5.3.2).
5.3.4 Two filter funnels, of approximately 100 mm diameter with medium and fine grade filter papers of a diameter appropriate to the size of the funnel.
5.3.5 Stoppered conical flasks, 100 ml and 250 ml capacity.
5.3.6 Two volumetric flasks, capacity of 1 l, complying with the requirements of ISO 1042.
5.4 Additional apparatus required for potentiometric determination of water-soluble chloride salts (see Clause 8)
5.4.1 A potentiometric titrator suitable for the determination of chloride ion concentration with an electrode system consisting of:
a) Measuring electrode - fitted with either a silver electrode (preferably chloridized) or a chloride ion - selective electrode.
b) Reference electrode - either mercurous sulfate or a double junction silver/silver chloride with chloride free electrolyte in the outer chamber.
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
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5.5 Additional apparatus required for factory production control determination of water soluble chloride salts following Mohr (see Clause 9)
Two wide-mouthed plastic bottles of 1 l, with stoppers.
5.6 Additional apparatus required for determination of water-soluble sulfates (see Clause 10)
5.6.1 Sintered silica filtering crucibles, porosity grade 4, approximately 35 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height.
5.6.2 Ignition crucibles, as alternative to 5.6.1, approximately 35 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height and capable of maintaining a constant mass when heated to 1 100 C.
NOTE Porcelain, silica or platinum are suitable materials for ignition crucibles.
5.6.3 Spectrophotometer
NOTE The water-soluble sulfate content is obtained from the measured absorbance using a calibration graph. This is established by dissolving known quantities of calcium sulfate in hot water and measuring the absorbance of the test solutions. For this, the absorbance of at least five different solutions within the range 0 % to 1.3 % sulfate should be determined. The absorbance of the blank solution should always be established and deducted from the test solution.
5.7 Additional apparatus required for the determination of total sulfur content (see Clause 11)
High temperature combustion apparatus, an induction furnace capable of reaching a temperature of at least 2 000 C within a 40-second analysis period. An appropriate accelerator should be used (for example, tungsten trioxide or vanadium pentoxide). Any evolved water vapour should be efficiently trapped.
NOTE The apparatus should be calibrated regularly using standard materials, including aggregates of the type to be tested and pyrite. The standards should cover the range of sulfur content expected. If results outside this range are obtained, the machine should be recalibrated with appropriate standards and the test repeated. Blanks should be run and if any sulfur is detected the machine should be cleaned until no sulfur is detected in the blanks.
5.8 Additional apparatus required for determination of sulfide content (see Clause 13)
Typical apparatus for the determination of sulfide content is shown in Figure 1.
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
18
Key
1 Lead acetate solution (4.7.1) 3 Ammoniacal solution of zinc sulfate (4.7.2) 2 Nitrogen or argon 4 Reaction flask
Figure 1 Example of apparatus for the determination of sulfide
5.9 Additional apparatus required for determination of lightweight contaminators (see 14.2)
5.9.1 300 m and 250 m sieves complying with EN 933-2.
5.9.2 Porcelain evaporating basin.
5.9.3 Hydrometer, range 1,950 to 2,000, complying with the requirements of ISO 649-1.
5.10 Additional apparatus required for determination of the potential presence of humus (see 15.1)
5.10.1 4 mm sieve, complying with EN 933-2.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
19
5.10.2 Clear, cylindrical glass bottle with stopper, with a capacity of approximately 450 ml and an external diameter of approximately 70 mm.
NOTE The approximate dimensions are intended to match a bottle that is commercially available. A bottle of a different size can affect the comparison with the standard colour.
5.11 Additional apparatus required for determination of fulvo acid content (see 15.2)
5.11.1 Glass stirring rod.
5.11.2 Glass filter funnel.
5.11.3 180 mm diameter medium grade filter paper.
5.11.4 Hot plate.
5.12 Additional apparatus required for determination of organic contaminators by mortar method (see 15.3)
5.12.1 Stopwatch or a timer, readable to 1 s.
5.12.2 Refractory porcelain or silica basins of size suitable for placing inside the muffle furnace.
5.12.3 Plunger test apparatus conforming with the requirements of EN 1015-4.
5.12.4 Mixer complying with the requirements of EN 196-1.
5.12.5 Stiffening rate apparatus conforming with EN 1015-9.
5.12.6 Flexural and compressive strength apparatus conforming to the requirements of EN 1015-11.
5.12.7 Electric muffle furnace, with a capacity large enough for calcination of a 2 kg aggregate portion, capable of maintaining a temperature of (480 25) C.
5.13 Additional apparatus required for determination of free lime by complexometry (see 18.2)
5.13.1 Erlenmeyer flask, 250 ml capacity, with ground glass stopper.
5.13.2 Volumetric flask, 500 ml capacity, complying with the requirements of ISO 1042.
5.13.3 Magnetic stirrer with temperature controlled water bath.
5.13.4 Sintered glass filter, 10 m to 16 m diameter of pores.
5.13.5 Titration equipment with galvanometer for photoelectric end point determination.
5.13.6 Test sieve, 63 m woven wire cloth complying with the requirements of EN 933-2.
5.14 Additional apparatus required for determination of free lime by conductometry (see 18.3)
5.14.1 Measuring vessel (volume approximately 160 ml) with a thermoplastic casing and screw cap with two apertures with ground cone NS 14 as defined in DIN 12242-1:1980. (see Figure 2).
5.14.2 Conductive electrode with ground cone NS 14.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
20
5.14.3 Thermometer (50 C to 100 C): 0,1 C graduated, with ground cone NS 14.
5.14.4 Conductance meter.
NOTE 1 The free lime content is obtained from the measured conductance using a calibration graph. This is established by dissolving known quantities of calcined CaO in ethanediol and measuring the conductance of their solutions. For this, the conductance of at least five different solutions within the range from 0 mg to 10 mg CaO/100 ml ethanediol (4.11.1) should be determined, in each case with three individual measurements.
NOTE 2 The CaO used is produced by calcining CaCO3 (4.11.11) at 1 000 C until it reaches a constant mass and then cooling in a desiccator which contains absorption materials for water and carbon dioxide, for example soda-lime.
NOTE 3 The value of conductance of the blank solution of ethanediol should be established for each determination and deducted from the test solution.
NOTE 4 Figure 3 shows the calibration of an ethanediol solution containing calcium oxide at 80 C and an electrode constant of 0,573 cm-1. In this case, a measured conductance of 100 S yields a value of 4,8 % (by mass) for the content of free lime.
5.14.5 Water bath controllable to (80 0,1) C.
5.14.6 Magnetic stirrer with temperature controlled water bath.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
21
Key
1 Thermometer (5.14.3) 2 Electrode (5.14.2) 3 Polypropylene cap 4 Vessel made of borosilicate glass 5 Plastic casing 6 Water inlet 7 Magnetic stirrer (5.14.6)
Figure 2 Vertical section of a measuring vessel for determination of free lime by conductometry (5.14 and 18.3)
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
22
Key
1 = 0 mg to 10 mg weighed in 100 ml ethanediol. Measuring temperature (80 0,1) C. Electrode constant 0,573 cm-1.
X = Calcium oxide content of ethanediol solution in mg CaO/100 ml.
Y = Conductance in S.
Figure 3 Example of a calibration graph
5.14.7 Test sieve, 63 m woven wire cloth complying with the requirements of EN 933-2.
5.15 Additional apparatus required for acidimetric determination of free lime (see 18.4)
5.15.1 Erlenmeyer flasks, 200 ml, 250 ml or 300 ml capacity, fitted with water-cooled condensers by means of standard-taper inner joints.
5.15.2 Absorption tubes to fit to the upper part of the condensers and containing the sodium hydroxide (4.13.8) and the molecular sieve (5.15.3).
5.15.3 Molecular sieve 0,3 nm beads about 2 mm diameter.
5.15.4 Glass microfibre filters of 1,2 mm retention.
5.15.5 Equipment for vacuum filtration.
5.15.6 Test sieve, 63 m woven wire cloth complying with the requirements of EN 933-2.
5.16 Additional apparatus required for the determination of CaO in steel slag by X-ray diffraction (see 18.5).
5.16.1 X-ray diffractometer.
5.16.2 63 m sieve complying with EN 932-2.
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
23
5.17 Additional apparatus required for the determination of dicalcium silicate disintegration of air-cooled blast-furnace slag (see 19.1)
5.17.1 Ultra-violet lighting equipment, of wavelength 300 nm to 400 nm with a maximum wavelength intensity at 366 nm.
5.18 Additional apparatus required for determination of the volume expansion of steel slag (see 19.3)
5.18.1 Steam unit with test cylinder and displacement indicator with a measuring range of (10 0,01) mm as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
NOTE The steam equipment consists of one or more chambers, in which water is heated up to boiling point over heating elements during the test. Above the heating chamber is the compressed slag specimen in a cylinder with a perforated base, an internal diameter of about 210 mm and a height of about 120 mm. The holes in the base allow steam to rise through the specimen evenly. The water usage should be (1,1 0,6) l/h. To prevent condensation building up on the inside of the cylinder due to the heat loss, the cylinder is heated to (120 10) C by a circular heating jacket fitted to the outside wall.
Key
1 Test cylinder 2 Water gauge 3 Displacement indicator 4 Slag specimen 5 Heating jacket 6 Perforated base 7 Steam 8 Water 9 Heating coil
Figure 4 Vertical section of a typical steam test equipment with two chambers
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
24
Key
1 Cylinder with perforated base, 49 holes, 3 mm diameter, distributed as given in Figure 6 2 Fabric mat 3 Compacted slag specimen 4 Glass beads, 5 mm diameter 5 Surcharge 6 Displacement indicator 7 Surcharge support, allowing steam to pass 8 Perforated plate, (30 5) % open area
Figure 5 Cylinder with sample and loading/measuring equipment
BS EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012
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EN 1744-1:2009+A1:2012 (E)
25
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
Central point: 1 hole 1st circle, 65 mm diameter: 8 holes 2nd circle, 125 mm diameter: 16 holes 3rd circle, 185 mm diameter: 24 holes
Figure 6 Drill diagram of the cylinder base
5.18.2 Sieves, complying with EN 933-2, with mesh sizes 0,5 mm, 2,0 mm, 5,6 mm, 8,0 mm, 11,2 mm, 16,0 mm and 22,4 mm.
5.18.3 Glass beads, diameter 5 mm.
5.18.4 Medium grade filter paper, diameter 210 mm.
5.18.5 Vibrating table, with an approximate frequency of (48 3) Hz and an amplitude of 1,5 mm, or another compact