b.sc zoology semester i paper i: animal diversity i of zoology 1 international college for girls...

Department of Zoology

1

INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOR GIRLS (AUTONOMOUS)

B.Sc Zoology

Semester I

Paper I: Animal Diversity I

Paper Code : ZOL 101 Max. Marks: 100

Credits: 3 (Continuous Assessment : 30

Contact hours/week : 3 Semester End Exam : 70)

Contact hours/semester: 45

UNITS TOPICS Teaching

Hours UNIT

I

General principles of taxonomy

• Binomial nomenclature

• Trinomial nomenclature

• Rules of nomenclature

• Concept of Five kingdom

• Basis of Classification

8

UNIT II Salient features and classification of Invertebrates upto

Class level

(Type study –Habit, Habitat & Salient features)

Phylum Protozoa:

• Type study – Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium

(Locomotion, Nutrition and

Reproduction)

Economic Importance

12

UNIT III Phylum Porifera:

• Type study- Sycon

• Canal system of Sponges

• Skeletal system

• Economic Importance

7

UNIT

IV

Phylum Coelenterata

• Type study – Obelia

• Polymorphism

• Coral reefs

9

UNIT V Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Type study- Taenia

Phylum Nemathelminthes

• Type study- Ascaris

Parasitic adaptations of Helminthes

9

Total Teaching Hours 45


2

Suggested Reading:

� Textbook of Zoology; Shivpuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas. D.K.; Ramesh Book

Depot.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S; Campus Books.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology II; Sandhu, G.S ; Campus Books.

Modern Textbook of Zoology Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi Publications.

� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.

� Invertebrate Zoology; Parker & Haswell..


3

Paper II: Cell Biology& Genetics -I






Hours UNIT I • Diversity of Cell Size & shape

• Cell theory

• Structure of Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cells

• Microscopic technique for study of cells:-

• Magnification , resolving power

• Principals of microscopy:

Light Microscopy

Phase contrast microscopy

Fluorescence Microscopy

Interference Microscopy

Electron Microscopy (SEM & TEM)

• Cell fractionation & Centrifugation

11

UNIT II Cell organelles, their structure, composition & function

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi complex

• Ribosome : structure & functions

• Lysosomes: Function & intracellular

digestion

• Mitochondria: Organization &function,

Oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis

• Peroxisomes & Glyoxisomes

• Centrioles & Microtubules: cilia & flagella

12

UNIT

III • Membrane models, Permeability, Membrane

transport of small molecules & the ionic

basis of membrane excitability

• Cell cycle( S, G1,G2,M phase)

• Mitosis: Phases & process of mitosis,

structure & function of spindle apparatus

• Meiosis: Phases & Process of meiosis

• Cytology of Cancer

8


4

Suggested Reading:

� Cell Biology and Genetics; Kohli, K.S;Ramesh Book Depot

� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan publishing House.

� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.

� Genetics; Winchester, A.M; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

� Cell and Molecular Biology; De Robertis and De Robertis; Saunders

College.

� Genetics; Strickberger; Macmillan, Prentice Hall of India.

� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E,J; Wiley eastern, New Delhi.

� Cell and Molecular Biology;Gerald Karp;John Wiley and Sons,inc

� Molecular Biology of the cell; Bruce Alberts, Julian Lewis, James

D.Watson; Garland Publishings

UNIT

IV • Mendelian inheritance patterns & laws of

heredity

• Co and incomplete dominance

• Interactions of Genes- Supplementary,

Complementary, Duplicate,

Epistasis(dominant & recessive)

• Multiple alleles-Coat colour in rabbit,

Human blood group-ABO & Rh

• Gene expression- Lethal genes, Pleiotropic

genes

• Multiple genes- Seed coat in wheat, skin

colour in human

8

UNIT V

Linkage & linkage maps

Crossing over- Mechanism, theories, Cytological detection &

significance

Cytoplasmic inheritance

6



5

Paper-III : PRACTICAL





Animal Diversity I

Culture methods:Study of Paramecium in culture

Study of museum specimens and slides:

• Protozoa :Paramecium(WM), Binary fission, Conjugation, Entamoeba,

Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Opalina, Vorticella, Balantidium,

Nyctotherus, Elphidium, Euglena

• Porifera: Sycon L.S & T.S, Sponge spicules,Sponge gemmules,Spongin

fibres

Leucosolenia, Euplectella, Spongilla

• Coelentrata: Hydra, Obelia(polyp & medusa), Aurelia, Sea anemone,

Gorgonia, Physalia, Vellela, Alcyonium, Madrepora, Millepora, Pennatula

• Platyhelminthes: Fasciola, Larval forms- Miracidium, Sporocyst, Redia,

Cercaria, Metacercaria, Taenia, Cysticercus larva, Planaria, Taenia--

Scolex, Gravid proglottid

• Aschelminthes: Ascaris(Male & Female), Dracunculus, Wuchereria

Cell Biology

Principle & working of

• Dissecting microscope

• Compound microscope

Fixation and staining

• Fixatives:- Carnoys, Bouins, formalin

• Stains:- Acetocarmine, Acetorcein, Eosin,

Haematoxylin

• Double & Single staining

• Staining of Euglena,Hydra,Obelia,Foraminiferous

shell,Sponge spicules,Sponge gemmules,Spongin fibres

Cytometry

Principle & working of Centrifuge (Only Demonstration)

Mitosis- Onion root tip / Chironomous Larva

Meiosis- Grasshopper testis

Drosophila culture

Recommended Labs Books: � Practical Zoology Invertribrates , S.S. Lal, Rastogi Publications.

� Practical Zoology Invertribrates , P.S.Verma, Rastogi Publications.

� Essential techniques in cell biology : Shah-Chinoy, Anada Book

Depot.


6

SEMESTER II

Paper I:Animal Diversity- II





UNIT TOPICS Teaching

hours

UNIT I Salient features & classification of the Invertebrates upto

Class level

(Type study- Habit, Habitat & Salient features)

Phylum Annelida

• Type study: Earthworm

• Metamerism

• Vermiculture

9

UNIT

II

Phylum Arthropoda

• Type study: Prawn

• Social life in Insects

• Metamorphosis

• Sericulture

• Lac culture

• Apiculture

• Prawn culture

12

UNIT

III

Phylum Mollusca

• Type study: Pila

• Respiration

• Torsion

• Pearl culture

9

UNIT

IV

Phylum Echinodermata

• Type study: Starfish

• Water vascular system

6

UNIT

V

Larval forms of Invertebrates (Parasitic & Free living

forms)

9

Suggested Readings:

� Invertebrate Zoology; Barns, R. D; W. B. Saunders Co.

� Textbook of Zoology; Shivapuri, Jacob, D. and Vyas, D.K.; Ramesh Book

Depot.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology I; Sandhu, G.S and Bhaskar, H; Campus

Books.

� Text book of Invertebrate Zoology II; Sandhu, G.S and Bhaskar, H; Campus

Books.

� Modern textbook of Zoology-Invertebrates; Kotpal; Rastogi Publications


7

Paper II: Molecular Biology & Genetics-II






Hours

UNIT I • Nuclear Organization:

• Structure & function of nuclear envelope, nuclear matrix

and nucleolus

• Chromosomes: Morphology, Chromonema,

Chromomeres, telomeres, Primary & secondary

constrictions, Chromatids

• Chromosome type- Polytene & Lampbrush

• Chromosomal Organization: euchromatin,

Heterochromatin , folded fibre model & nucleosome

concept

9

UNIT

II • DNA structure(A, B, Z type)

• Experiments of Messelson & Stahl

• Replication(Semiconservative mechanism)

• Elementary idea about Polymerases,Topoisomerases,

Single stranded binding protein, Replication

forks(Unidirectional & Bidirectional), Leading & lagging

strand, RNA primers & Okazaki fragments,

7

UNIT

III • RNA structure & types( mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, siRNA)and

Transcription(Idea about Polymerases, Exons & Introns)

• Genetic code &Translation –Triplet code, Protein

synthesis

• Gene splicing and Gene sequencing

10

UNIT

IV • Determination of Sex – Chromosomal mechanism &

environmental influence, the sexual function of X &Y

chromosome, Gyandromorphs, Intersexes & Supersexes in

Drosophila, Non disjunction in man

• Sex linked inheritance in man & Drosophila, Y linked

genes, Sex limited genes, Sex influenced genes

10

UNIT

V

• Mutations- Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations

• Human genetics- Chromosomal & single gene disorder,

Genetics counselling, Amniocentosis

• Human betterment- Eugenics & Euthenics

9



8

Suggested Reading:

� Cell Biology and Genetics; Kohli, K.S. ;

Genetics; Winchester, A. M.; Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.


College.

� Genetics; Strickberger W. M.; Prentice Hall of India.

� Cell Biology; Powar, C.B; Himalayan Publishing House.

� Principles of Genetics; Gardener, E. J.;Wiley eastern, New Delhi.

� A Textbook of Genetics; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath and Kedarnath


College.

� Molecular Biology of the gene; Watson, J.D; Benzamin/ Cummings.

� Biochemistry; Voet &Voet; John Wiley & Sons.

� Practical Manuals


9

Paper-III: PRACTICAL





Animal Diversity II Study of museum specimens and slides:

Phylum Annelida-Nereis, Heteronereis-parapodia, Earthworm, Leech

Dissection: Earthworm- Anatomy, Digestive, Nervous System

Permanent mount: Septal nephridia, Ovary,Nerve ring.

Phylum Arthropoda: Daphnia, Cyclops, Pediculus,Bedbug,

Butterfly,Scorpion,KingCrab,Crab,Eupagurus,Tribolium,

Lepas,Balanus,Millipede,Termite,Centipede,Spider,Praying-mantis,Peripatus

Dissection: Prawn-General anatomy,Appendages,Nervous &Digestive system

Permanent mount: Hastate plate, Statocyst

Phylum-Mollusca: Chiton, Unio, Dentalium, Nautilus, Loligo, Octopus, Sepia

Dissection: Pila-General anatomy,Nervous system,

Permanent mount-Radula, Gills, Osphradium

Phylum Echinodermata: Echinus, Starfish, Cucumaria, Antedon

Molecular Biology& Genetics Study of slide on chromosome aberrations.

Study of Drosophila life cycle & idea about its culture

Identification of Male & Female Drosophila

Identification of Wild & mutant (Yellow body, Ebony, Vestigial wings, White eye) of

Drosophila

Study of permanent prepared slide - Sex comb, Salivary gland chromosomes

Identification of Blood groups(A,B, O & Rh factor)

Isolation of DNA from Rat hepatocytes

Laboratory Books Recommended:

� Practical Zoology invertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication

� Manual of practical zoology invertebrates: P.S.Verma

� Laboratory manual in biology : S.C. Maheshwari , Arya Books Depot.

� Practical zoology : Bhatia- Kohli


10

SEMESTER III

Paper I:ANIMAL DIVERSITY III






hours

UNIT

I

Origin and Evolution of Chordates

Protochordates:-

• Classification upto orders

• General characteristics

• Type study-

Balanoglossus:Tornaria larva

Ascidia: Retrogressive metamorphosis

Amphioxus

11

UNIT II Agnatha:-



• Type study-Petromyzon

• Ammocoete larva

9

UNIT

III

Gnathostomata


• Origin & evolution(Brief account)


• Ostracoderms( a brief description)

• Type study- Scoliodon

• Difference between Osteichthyes &

Chondrichthyes

• Dipnoi

• Adaptive radiation in Fishes

Economic importance

7

UNIT

IV

Amphibia



• Neoteny

• Adaptive radiation in Amphibia

10


11

Suggested Readings:

� The life of Vertebrates; Young, O.Z.; Oxford University Press, Oxford.

� Colbert’s evolution of the vertebrates; Colbert, E.H; John Wiley & Sons

� Text book of Chordate Zoology vol. II ; Sandhu, G.S. and Sandhu, G.S;

Campus Books.

� Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates; Kotpal, Rastogi Publication.

� Vertebrate Zoology; Rastogi, V.B.; Ramnath & Kedarnath.

Reptilia



• Poisonous & Non-poisonous snakes

• Poison apparatus

UNIT V

Aves



• Feather and its Development

• Flight adaptation

• Perching mechanism

Mammals



• Dentition in mammals

• Hair and its development

• Reproduction

8



12

PAPER II: BIOCHEMISTRY






Hours

UNIT

I

Carbohydrates

• Classification, Structure & Clinical significance

• Metabolism- Oxidation of glucose through

glycolysis, Kreb cycle & oxidative

phosphorylation

• Interconversion of glycogen and glucose in liver

Proteins-

• Classification & structural properties

• Amino acids & peptides- Properties & structure

• Metabolism- Transformation of amino acids,

Deamination, Transamination, Decarboxylation,

Synthesis of Urea(Ornithine cycle)

10

UNIT

II

Lipids

• Classification, structure & clinical significance

• Metabolism- Beta-oxidative pathway of fatty acids

• Biosynthesis of Triglycerides

Vitamins

• Fat soluble & Water soluble vitamins

10

UNIT

III

Proteins-

• Classification & structural properties

• Amino acids & peptides- Properties & structure

Metabolism- Transformation of amino acids,

Deamination, Transamination, Decarboxylation,

Synthesis of Urea(Ornithine cycle)

10

UNIT

IV • Bioenergetics

• pH andBuffers

Enzymes

• Classification & Kinetics

9

UNIT

V

Separation &Analytical techniques (Brief account)

• Centrifugation, Chromatography, Electrophoresis,

Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry & pH meter

6


13

Suggested Reading:

� Text Book of Biochemistry;Lehninger

� Outlines of Biochemistry; Conn, E.E. and Stumpf, P.K ; John Wiley, New

York.

� Principles of Biochemistry; Smith et.al.; Mc Graw Hill, New York.

� Biochemistry; Stryer, L; Freeman Publications.

� Textbook of Medical Biochemistry; Ramakrishnan, S. Prasanan, K.G and

Rajan, R; Orient Longman, Madras


14

Paper- III: PRACTICAL





Animal Diversity III

Study of museum specimens and slides:

Hemichordata: Balanoglossus

Urochordate: Herdmania, Ascidia, Botryllus, Salpa, Doliolum, Pyrosoma

Cephalochordata: Amphioxus

Cyclostomata: Petromyzon, Myxine, Ammocoete larva

Pisces: Scoliodon, Labeo, Echeneis, Zygaena(Sphyrna), Torpedo, Chimaera,

Acipensor, Amia, Lepidosteus, Clarias, Anguilla, Hippocampus, Exocoetus, Any

flat fish, Protopterus

Dissection: Scoliodon—Cranial nerves; Afferent & efferent blood vessels, Eye

muscles, Internal ear

Permanent mount—Ampulla of Lorenzini, Placoid scales(Scoliodon)

Amphibia: Ichthyophis, Proteus, Ambystoma, Axolotl larva, Siren, Alytes, Hyla,

Frog

Reptiles: Testudo, Chelone, Fresh water tortoise, Sphenodon, Hemidactylus,

Phrynosoma, Draco, Chameleon, Eryx, Hydrophis, Naja, Viper, Bungarus,

Crocodylus, Alligator, Gharial

Aves: Archaeopteryx, Running bird (Ostrich, Kiwi &Penguin), Pavo,

Choriotis(Great Indian bustard), Passer, Crow, Owl, Migratory bird(Siberian

crane)

Parrot, Pigeon

Mammals: Ornithorhynchus, Tachyglossus, Didelphys, Macropus(Kangaroo), Bat,

Loris, Scalyanteater (Manis), Dolphin, Whale, Seal, Rhesus,

Study of Experimental animals-- Rabbit, Mice, Rat, Guinea pig


15

Biochemistry

� Preparation of Normal, Molar, Buffer solutions & pH adjustments

� Principles of Photometry

� Quantitative analysis of cholesterol using colorimeter

� Separation of Dyes & Amino Acid by circular paper chromatography

method

� Detection of lipids, proteins & Carbohydrates in an animal tissue

� Identification of different kinds of mono, di & polysaccharides in the given

sample

� Analysis of enzymatic activity

• Liver Catalase

• Salivary amylase

Laboratory Books Recommended:

� Practical Zoology vertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication

� Manual of practical zoology vertebrates: P.S.Verma




16

SEMESTER IV

PAPER I: GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY






Hours

UNIT

I

Nutrition

• Food constituents-Proteins,Carbohydrates,lipids,

Vitamins & Minerals

• Enzymes & Digestion

• Absorption

• Basal Metabolic Rate

9

UNIT

II

Circulation

• Composition & Function of Blood and lymph

• Coagulation, Haemopoises

• Mammalian heart , Cardiac cycle, Conduction

and regulation of Heart beat, E.C.G

6

UNIT

III

Respiration

• Mechanism & control of Breathing

• Respiratory quotient

• Respiratory exchange in tissues

Carbon dioxide transport

Mechanism & regulation of respiration

Excretion

• Structure & Function of Kidney

• Mechanism of urine formation

• Hormonal regulation of water & electrolyte

balance

10

UNIT

IV

Nervous system

• Structure of neurons

• Transmission of nerve impulse

• Synapse physiology

• Reflex action & reflex arc

Muscular system

• Structure & types of muscle

• Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction

10


17

UNIT

V

Endocrine System

• Endocrine glands and their Hormones

• Mechanism of Hormone action

• Reproductive cycles in Female

• Role of hormones in Reproduction, Pregnancy &

Lactation

10


Suggested Readings:

� A Textbook of Animal Physiology; Berry, A.K.; Emkay Publisher, Delhi

� Biochemistry and Endocrinology; Bhatia, A.L.; Indus valley Publication,

Jaipur

� Animal Physiology; Bhatia, A.L and Kohli, K.S; Ramesh Book Depot

,Jaipur

� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Guyton, A.C; International student

addition.

� Text Book of Medical Physiology; Chatterjea, M.N and Shinde, R.; Jaypee

brothers.


18

PAPER II:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY






hours

UNIT

I

• Baer’s Law, Germplasm theory

• Gametogenesis- Spermatogenesis &

Oogenesis, Vitellogenesis

9

UNIT

II • Fertilization- Sperm egg interactions-

Biochemical events, Post fertilization events,

Significance

• Parthenogenesis

• Types eggs, Planes and Patterns of cleavage,

Blastulation, Gastrulation

9

UNIT

III • Fate maps

• Extra embryonic membranes, types &

physiology of placenta

• Concept of Embryonic Induction

10

UNIT

IV • Organogenesis of Heart, Brain & sense

organs(Eyes)

• Regeneration in Vertebrates

• Apoptosis

10

UNIT

V • Ageing-Concepts & models

• Metamorphosis in Frog & Insects. Role of

Hormones in metamorphosis

• Tetratogenesis

• Stem Cells

7



19

Suggested Reading:

� An introduction to Embryology; Balinsky, B. I. ; W.B. Saunders, Delhi.

� Embryology; Berry, A.K; EM Kay Publications, New Delhi

� Fundamental elements of Embryology Jacob, D., Sharma, A. and

Nandchahal, K,Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur

� Developmental biology, Gilbert, S.F.

� Elements of Chordate Embryology; Nair, P.K.G.

� Chordate Embryology; Agarwal, V.K.; S. Chand.


20

Paper- III: PRACTICAL





Physiology � Haematology

• Estimation of Haemoglobin in the blood sample

• Estimation of Haematocrit in the blood sample

• Counting of Red & White blood cells in blood sample

• To study the Bleeding Time & Clotting time of blood

• Determination of Blood Pressure.

� Dissection to expose the endocrine glands of mice(Demonstration)

� Study of Estrous cycle of mice by vaginal smear preparation

� Histology of Tissues of Mammals: T.S of –Liver, intestine, stomach,

testis, ovary, lung, kidney, pancreas, skin, adrenal, Pituitary, thyroid

Developmental Biology

Live gametes under microscope (Sperm motility,Sperm structure,Sperm count&

their staining techniques)

Developmental stages of Frog

Metamorphic stage of Frog

Living Chick embryos( 18-21 hours, 24-28 hours, 30-36 hours, 42-48 hours, 72

&96 hours)

Window preparation in egg of Hen

Whole mount of Chick embryo stage

Developmental stages of Drosophila

Laboratory Books Recommended: � Practical Zoology vertebrates S.S.Lal , Rastogi Publication

� Manual of practical zoology vertebrates: P.S.Verma



� Standard methods of Biochemical Analysis


21

SEMESTER V

PAPER I: BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY






Hours

UNIT

I • Basic concepts in Genetic Engineering

Enzymology of Genetic engineering- Restriction

enzymes,DNA ligase,Polymerase

• Cloning vehicles-plasmids Cosmids, Lambda

phage & yeast plasmids

• Introduction of cloned genes into the host cells-

Transformation, Transduction, Particle gun,

Electroporation, Tranfection.

10

UNIT

II • Analysis & expression of cloned gene in host cell-,

Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Polymerase

chain reaction, DNA probes

• Genomic library & cDNA library

• Transgenics

9

UNIT

III • Hybridoma technology,Monoclonal antibodies and

their applications

• Brief account of cloning: Genomic research-its

advantages and disadvantages

• Human Genome Project (Group Discussion)

5

UNIT

IV

Immunity

• Innate & adaptive immunity

• Cells, Tissues and Molecules of immune system

• Antigen & antibodies- Structure, types, interaction

in vivo and in vitro

• Mechanism of Humoral & Cell mediated immune

response

• MHC genes & gene products

• AIDS

11

UNIT

V • Cytokines-Basic concepts

• Complement and its action

Immunotolerance, Autoimmunity-Basic concepts

10



22

Suggested Readings:

� Molecular Biotechnology. Glick B.R.& Pasternak J. J; ASM Press.

� Principles of gene manipulation; An introduction to genetic

engineering; Old, R.W & Primrose, S.B; Blackwell Science.

� Elementary biotechnology, Gupta, P.K; Rastogi Puplications; Meerut.

� Immunology; Kuby; W.H; Freeman Publications.

� Essential immunology; Roitt, I; ELBS.

� Practical Biochemistry:Principles &Techniques;Keith Wilson&John

Walker;Cambridge University Press.


23

PAPER II:MICROBIOLOGY






hours

UNIT

I

Brief introduction to the history of Microbiology

• Work of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• Work of Louis Pasteur, John Tyndall, Robert Koch &

Jenner

Prokaryota(Bacteria)

• Size, shape & pattern of Arrangement

• Structural Organization—Slime layer(Capsule) Cell

envelope,Cytoplasmic membrane(Inner membrane),

Cell wall(Outer membrane) of gram-ve & gram +ve

bacteria,Mesosomes; Cytoplasmic organization, Cell

projections- Flagella & pili

9

UNIT

II

Microbial Genetics

• Virus, Bacteria, Phages

• Lytic & Lysogenic cycles

• Transduction & Bacterial recombination

8

UNIT

III • Genetic material of bacteria: Chromosomes,

Plasmids, Replication of bacterial DNA

• Reproduction in Bacteria: Asexual reproduction:

Binary fission, budding, Endospore formation& cyst

formation Sexual reproduction:Conjugation

8

UNIT

IV

Microbial nutrition culture of Bacteria

• Carbon & energy source

• Nitrogen & minerals

• Organic growth factors

• Microbial growth

• Environmental factors: Temperature, Hydrogen ion

concentration

5

UNIT

V

Bacterial of medical importance:

Gram +ve:

• Cocci : Staphylococci, Streptococci

• Bacilli: Diptheria, Tetanus

15


24

Gram –ve:

• Cocci: Gonnorrhea, Meningitis

• Bacilli: Diarrhoea

• Mycobacteria: Tuberclosis,

AIDS & Hepatitis (with emphasis on B type)

The causative agents, Transmission, Pathogenicity,

Laboratory, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention


Suggested Reading:

� Microbial:T.Stuart Walker,W.B.Saunders Company

� Microbiological Application,Alfred E.Brown,McGraw.Hill

� Medical Biology Talaro

� Microbiology : Prescott

� Microbiology : Pelczar

� General Microbiology : Sullia & Shantaram Oxford


25

Paper-III :PRACTICAL





Biotechnology and Microbiology:

• Principle and working of equipments used in biotechnology

laboratory(SDS-PAGE apparatus, horizontal DNA Electrophoresis

chamber, Laminar Airflow, Autoclave, Incubator, pH meter,

Homogenizer, Ascending and Descending Chromatographic chamber,

Thin Layer Chromatographic Apparatus ,Microtome)

• Preparation and use culture media for microbes

• Study of microbes in food material(curd, milk rotten fruits and

vegetables)

• Educational tour to any Microbiology lab (Food processing factory,

Distillery, Dairy etc.)Candidates will have to submit a report on it.

• Culturing of Bacteria from soil/water samples.

Immunology:

Experiments on Antigen and Antibody reaction.

• Blood typing

• ELISA

• Ochterlony double diffusion

Labs Books Recommended:

� Microbiology : A Laboratory manual Cappuccino Sherman, Pearson

education

� Manual of Diagnostic microbiology : Wadher-Bhoosreddy

� Standard method of biochemical analysis : S.R. Thimmaiah


26

SEMESTER VI

Paper-I: Ethology And Evolution






hours

UNIT

I • Theories of evolutionary thought

• Chemical origin of Life

• Lamarckism & Darwinism

• Natural selection(Differential reproduction)

• Genetic basis of evolution

7

UNIT

II • Variation and Speciation

• Isolation

• Adaptations

• Palaeontology: fossils: Geological division of the

Earth crust: imperfection of fossil record

7

UNIT

III • Zoogeographical distribution:Principal

zoogeographical regions of the world with reference

to their mammalian fauna

• Continental drift

• Study of Extinct forms: Dinosaurs, Archaeopteryx

7

UNIT

IV • Introduction of Ethology

• Concept of Ethology: Fixed action pattern, Sign

stimulus, Innate releasing mechanism, Action

specific energy, motivation, imprinting & learning

• Methods of studying brain behaviour:

Neuroanatomical, neurophysiological,

neurochemical techniques

14

UNIT

V • Elementary idea of role of Pheromones

• Societies: Characteristics & advantages with special

reference to Honey Bee, Deer & Monkey

10



27

Suggested Readings:

� An introduction to behaviour; Manning, A & Dawkins, M. S.; Cambridge

Low Price Edition.

� Animal Behaviour; Mathur, R.; Rastogi Publications, Meerut

� Introduction to evolution; Moody.

� Evolution Strickberger

� Evolutionary biology – Limits to knowledge in evolutionary genetics:

Clegg, Michael

� Organic Evolution : Rastogi

� Animal behaviour : Mcfarland Devid


28

Paper II: Ecology & Biostatistics






hours

UNIT

I • Scope & limit of Ecology

• Autecology & Synecology

• Abiotic Factors of Environment—Temperature, light ,

Pressure

• Substratum-Soil as a substratum

• Biogeochemical cycles-Nitrogen, Carbon, Water &

Sulphur

• Organisms-Principles of adaptations to external factors

• Populations- Characteristics, Growth and its analysis,

Regulation of densities, growth curves

10

UNIT

II • Competition in nature- Intraspecific & interspecific

• Niche concept, Competition exclusion

• Predation & parasitism- Concept, evolution of prey-

predator strategies, evolution of parasitism, Host-

parasite relationship

• Commensalism & Mutualism

8

UNIT

III • Communities – Succession, Biome, Ecotone, Edge

effect

• Ecosystem- Components of ecosystem, energy flow,

ecological pyramids, Food chain, Food web Habitat

Ecology-Adaptations of animals inhabiting different

habitats(Pelagic, Deep sea,Intetidal,

Rocky,Muddy,Sandy,estuary & desert)

• Wildlife management, conservation of renewable

resources

• Environmental pollution – Air & water pollutants,

Global warming, Pollution control strategies

10

UNIT

IV • Introduction, scope and application of Biostatistics

• Frequency distribution

• Graphical presentation of data

7

UNIT

V • Mean. mode, median and their significance

• Standard deviation and standard error and their

significance

• Significance tests t-test and chi-square

10



29

Suggested Reading:

� Biostatistics; Gupta, S.P.;Sultan Chand &Co.

� Fundamentals of ecology; Odum, E.P.; W.B.Saunders, New Delhi.

� Environmental Biology; Verma P.S. & Agarwal U.K; S. Chand & Co. New

Delhi

� Environmental science-S.C. Santra,New central Book Agency.

� Soil and the Environment:An introduction Alanwild,Cambridge press.

� Instant Notes on ecology : Mackenzie, Aulay


30

Paper-III: PRACTICAL





Ethology- To be given as Project

• Paramecium and Ant behaviour

• General behaviour of experimental mice

• General behaviour of commonly found animals (Locust,Passer, Koel,

Pigeon, Humming bird, Peacock, Weaver bird, Squirrel,Dog,Deer,

Monkey)

Evolution- To be given as Project

• Adaptive modification in feet and beak in birds

• Analogy and Homology

• Serial homology

Ecology:

• Water analysis (Acidity,Alkalinity,chlorine,oxygen,carbon-di-oxide)

• Soil analysis (by Kit)

Biostatistics:

• Construction of frequency tables ,histograms,polygon,pie-charts

• Exercises on mean, mode, median

Labs Books Recommended:

� Biostatistics; Gupta, S.P.;Sultan Chand & Co.

� Inbred and genetically defined strains of laboratory animals Part-I : Altman

Philip

� Survival Strategies : Gadagkar

b.sc zoology semester i paper i: animal diversity i of zoology 1 international college for girls...

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