1. By G.K NzuvaChairman, Central Agricultural Board 14 18 14-18 November 2011

2. PurposeandobjectivesoftheTourPurposeTosharelessonsandexperiencesandexposeparticipantstothecommercializationprocessofBtcottoninBurkinaFaso the2ndcountrytoadoptBtcottoninAfricaObjectives Toexposeparticipantstoresponsibleandsafeuseofthe technologythroughoutitslifecycle ToexposeparticipantstoBurkinaFasosregulatorysystemand g governmentpolicyonbiotechnology p y gy Toenlightenparticipantsaboutthecommercializationprocess ofBt cottoninBurkinaFaso Tosharelessonsandexperiences

3. Organizationofthetour Thestudywasorganized,facilitatedandconductedby theInternationalServicefortheAcquisitionofAgri theInternationalServicefortheAcquisitionofAgri biotechApplications(ISAAA)incollaborationwith localinstitutionsinBurkinaFaso Sponsors:ACTESA/COMESAandtheProgramfor BiosafetySystems(PBS) Bi f S (PBS) Thescopeofthetour: tourstofarmersfields workshopdeliberations k h d lib ti visittoseedmultiplicationcentre mediainterviews

4. Tourparticipants Thetourinvolvedabout30participantsdrawnfromthe Th i l d b i i d f h followingcountries NorthernSudan Ethiopia Uganda Kenya Malawi Zambia a ba Zimbabwe BurkinaFaso(hosts) ( ) Theabovecountriesareatdifferentlevelsof consideringintroductionandadoptionofBt cotton

5. BackgroundInformation Burkina 1 BurkinaFasoisaland lockedFrancophone countryinWestAfrica Area:274,000squareKM Population:15.7million p 57 people Density:57peopleper squareKM MostofthecountryisASAL Regionsforthestudywere withonerainfallseason Ouagadougou Boni fromMaytoOctober Bobo

6. BackgroundInformation Burkina2 g A Averagerainfallisabout700mmperyearwitharangeof i f lli b i h f 4001200mm Thecountryisdividedinto13administrativeregionsand 45provinces. Cottonisthemostimportantcrop(whitegold) representing60%ofthecountrysexportearnings Othercropsinclude sorghum,maize,groundnuts, p peanut,millet,cowpeas,sim sim,fruitsandvegetables p g

7. WhatledtoadoptionofBt cotton BurkinaFaso Experience 1 Experience1AccordingtoInstituteofEnvironmentandAgriculturalA di I i fE i dA i l l Research(INERA) Cottonisthe2nd mostimportantexportcropinthecountryOver2.2millionpeopleearnlivelihoodsfromcotton p pCottonbollwormcancauseupto90%yieldlossesBollwormsfeedonleavesandcottonbollsThelarvaestageofthebollwormisthemostdestructive

8. Life Cycle of the Bollworm AdultEggs Cycle cycle : 2530 days y y y Larvae Pupa

9. WhatledtoadoptionofBt cotton BurkinaFaso Experience2 Experience 2Otherdestructiveinsectsincludestainers andjassidsIn1980sand90stherewascontinuoususeofpesticidessuchasorganophosphates,carbonates,pyrethroidssuchasorganophosphates carbonates pyrethroids andneocotinidesThecontinuoususeover10yearsledtoseriousinsectresistanceAsaresultnationallossofincomefromcottonwastoA lt ti ll fi f tt t thetuneofUS$500millionandsolutionshadtobefound

10. ProcessofintroducingBt cotton IntroductionofBt cottonwasinthecountrys strategicplansince1992 Variousstakeholdersincludinginputsuppliers,oil millers,scientists/researchers,regulatorspolicy , , g p y makers,NGOsandMonsantoamongotherswere engaged g g ApplicationtointroduceBt cottonwassubmittedto thebiosafetyauthoritiesin2003

11. ProcessofintroducingBt cotton Bt cottonwasintroducedfortrialsinJune2003after J 3 approvalbybiosafetyauthorities In2003and2004researchwasconductedusing AmericanvarietiesoftheBt cotton Duetofearofunknownphysicalbarrierswereerected D t f f k h i lb i t d aroundtrials Peoplebelievedinmythsaboutbt cotton(Barrenness, animalstodyingforfeedingoncottonleaves)

12. Bt cotton confinementsitein2003 Essai Bt Trappe pollen = T llAlle (2 m) BandeIn2004barrierswereremovedaftercontinuouseducationandsensitization de 15 m conv.

13. ProcessofintroducingBtcottonIn2006Bt genewasinsertedintothelocalvarietiesgrown ybyfarmersinBurkinaFasoIn2007 demonstrationtrialswereundertakenonfarmers fieldsfarmersfieldsCompliancewithbiosafety trialswereconductedincompliancewithnationalbiosafetyguidelines.Residues li i h i lbi f id li R id wereharvestedandburntundersupervisionoflegalexpertsIn20088500hectaresofBollgard IIwereplantedforseedpproductionIn2009 farmersplanted128,000hectaresIn2010In2010 farmersplanted278000hectares(117%from2009)

14. HowproductionofBt cottonissupportedSOFITEXLargest(quasigovernmentcottoncompany)SOFITEXprovidesfarmerswithseeds,fertilizers,SOFITEXprovidesfarmerswithseeds fertilizers agrochemicalsandotherinputsthrougharrangementswithfinancialinstitutions ithfi i li tit tiSOFITEXbuyscottonfromfarmersandpaysthemafterrecoveringproductioncostsFasocottonandSocomaFasocottonandSocoma areothercompanieswhichhavebeenbulkingseedsforfarmers,providinginputsandbuyingcottonBENEFITSHARINGRATIOS Farmersreceive60%ofthebenefits,Monsanto28%andresearchandseedbenefits Monsanto28%andresearchandseedcompaniesget12%

15. WhatscientistsinBurkinaFasohavefound AdoptionofBt cottonhasincreasedyieldsby12.5% 23% cottonhasincreasedyieldsby12.5% Positiveimpactonbiodiversity nontargetpestsare moreprevalentinBtcottonthanconventionalfields Geneflowcannotgobeyond25metres Aftertrialsandcommercializationin2007,2008,2009 Af i l d i li i i 8 and2010efficacyandstrengthofthegeneonthe Bollwormisevident B ll i id t

16. WhatscientistsinBurkinaFasohavefoundINERAiscurrentlydoingpostcommercializationresearchon Effectsofnontargetorganismsonproduction(suchas Eff t f t t i d ti ( h stainers andjassids) EffectsofBt toxinsonnontargetorganismssuchasrats, Eff fB i i h bees,termites,mosquitoesetcRESULTS BeesinBt cottonfieldsproducemorehoneythanthosein conventionalfields Btcottoncakefeedtoratsrecordednotoxicityat y 3000Mg/kg ThequantityofoilextractedfromBtcottonand conventionalisthesame

17. Research on Bees and honey production by INERA Beehive Beehive imported from Kenya

18. ParticipantsvisitedfarmsinBoni ontheway toBobo andwithinBoboDioulassoin WesternBF(themajorcottonproduction (h d zone) Participantsinterviewed5farmersand interactedwithabout20farmersintotal

19. AccordingtofarmersFamilylandsizesrangesfrom10150hectaresOnaveragefarmersplantbetween330hectaresofcottonTheyhaveplantedconventionalcottonformanyyearsTheypreparelandusingoxenandtractorsMajorityoffarmershaveplantedBtcottonforthelast23years

20. AccordingtofarmersPriceforBt cottonseedis27,000CFA(US$59)per 59 phectarewhileconventionalcottonispricedat4889CFA(US$11)Farmerssellakilogramof gcottonat245CFA(US$0.50)Marketpricesaredetermined pbyfarmerorganizationsandseedcompaniesincluding p gSOFITEX

21. BenefitsofBt cotton FarmersperspectiveTheyieldsofBtcottonaverages1.31.5tonnes perhectarewhileconventionalyields0.5tons/hectare y 5Evenwithlateplantingandyearsofacutedrought,Btcottonyieldsaregood y gFarmersthathaveplantedBtcottondonotexperienceflowerfallinearlystagesofthecropFarmersgetdisappointedwhenthereisashortageofBtcottonseedsBtcottonissprayed2timesinaseasoncomparedto68sprays forconventionalcotton Timegaininvestedin forconventionalcottonTimegaininvestedingrowingothercropsaccordingtofarmers,lessexposuretochemicals,translatesinbetterhealthtochemicals translatesinbetterhealth

22. ComparisonofConventionalcottonandBt cottonfarminBONIBurkinaFas0Conventionalcotton Bt cotton

23. Bt cotton is less labourintensive

24. Bt cotton reduces health risks associated with spraying

25. ParticipantsinteractionwithfarmersgrowingBt cotto cottoninBoni a d obo o andBobo

26. VisittoBt cottonfarmsandinteractionwithfarmersFarmerspreparelandusingoxenandtractorsFarmershaveplantedconventionalcottonformanyyearsOnaveragefarmersplantbetween330 ghectaresofcottonSizeoffamilylandrangesfrom10150hectaresFarmersallocate60%ofthefarmundercottonand40%undervariouscropsMajorityoffarmershaveplantedBt cottonfor23yearsTheyieldofBt cottonisonaverage1300 cottonisonaverage13001500kg/hectarewhileconventionalonaverageyields500kg/hectareEvenwithlateplantingandyearsofacutedrought,yieldsaregood

27. InteractionwithfarmersinBoni

28. InterviewswithfarmersinBoboGrowing conventional cotton is labourintensive 6-8 sprays in a season 6 8

29. HowfarmersutilizeincomefromBt cotton Educationforchildren Purchaseofoxen P h f Buyingofinputssuchasfertilizersforothercrops y g p p likemaize Purchaseoftractorsforfarmerswithhigher acreages Purchaseofbeefcattleforfattening P h fb f ttl f f tt i Investmentinmotorbikes:majorformof transportinthecountry

30. WhatfarmerswantpolicymakerstodoMoretrainingforfarmergroupsEnhancedcrophusbandryandextensionservicesHigherpriceperkgLowercostofinputs

31. ImplicationsforKenyaasmovetowards commercializationofBt commercialization of Bt cottonTheneedforgoodstewardshipprogrammestomanageissuessuchasgeneflowThestatusofotherpestsaswemanagethebollworm?Roleofginnerieswhobuycottonfromeverywhereacrossthecottonbeltsandalsoimportfromoutsidethecountry?EfficientseedproductionanddeliverysystemsarecrucialEffi i t d d ti dd li t i lAgriculturalcreditarrangementsnecessarytosupportadoption d iThecostofBt cottonseedisrelativelyhighandthisneedstobeaddressedearlyenough

32. TakehomemessagesBt cottontechnologycanhaveatremendousimpactonhouseholdincomesandppovertyalleviationif yintroducedandmanaged presponsibly yCountriesthatwishtoadopadoptBtcottonshould co o s ou dconsiderlocalsituationsandmakesuchprogrammeshomegrown

33. Merci