06 .ප��ෙ�දය

ෙබෞ�ධ ප�මාන Buddhist Norms

emhfdF p&tfmAn yn vcneyn adhsvn`en k=mkd[yf vfmsFm v[dgty.emhfpAlf VbZdy ‘pxfmAnft/ ptfmAnft’ynnyf.in adhsvnen` b<h<mn(egUrv) krnld yn a#T%yyf.1i^g&Fsf NASAevZ‘p&tfmAn’ h[Hdfn`evn<ey‘Norms’ynvdennf.2Ehf a#T%yvn<ey mfmZm,aAdr~Vy,nfymy, nYAy,Dm%y ynetr[mZ im>hyyf. sf^hl BASAevhf‘p&tf’yn<evn n[vt n[vt yn ar~Ty egn ed‘mAn’ynvdnfn mfmZm hA m[nb[lFm adhsevZ.EmnfsA p&tf+mAn=p&tfmAn yn vcneyn n[vt n[vt m[nblA lbAgn`nAld vfDfk&myn` h[Hdfn`evnbv s[lkfy h[kfy.

‘p&tfmAn’yn vcny pAlf i^g&Fsf sh sf^hl yn BASA t&ft`vey vYvhAr vF a[tf ar~Ty smstyk` vVeyn pfHw<krgtvfx vcney nfyma#T%y l[bfy h[kfy E`an<v pAlfBASAevn ‘egUrveyn’yn adhsd i^g&Fsf BASAevn mfN<m yn adhsd gtvfx EkepAz\ ar~Tyk lbAgth[kfy.3

emm vdn p<dgl sm>hyk an`tr~gt smAj s^sTAvt=L BAvftAvn vcnykf.emhf sHdhn n[vt n[vt m[nb[lFm ynpdy smAjey evesnnAv> aenk=t sAmAjfkyfn` ekerhfvfy y<t=y. emZnfsA smAjyk`t=L aenYAnY egUrvy pfNfs mn<St`vy aArOSAvFm pfNfs ov<enAv<eg adhs m[nblA s^s$dnAt`mkv vfVelSNykr skskr gnnA epAz\ smAjsmZm<tfy n[tehA t smAj cyY%A p&Qptfyk`‘p&tfmAn’ynenn` adhsvnbv p[h[dflfy.

emZ an<v p&tfmAnynenn adhskrn<ey vfeVSeyn` p<dglcyY%Avn` pflfbHdv krn<lbn EktrA mfN<mk` ehvt m[nb[lFmkf.emym‘Dr~mtA’yn vcneynd adhseker~. EmnfsA p&tfmAn hA Dr~mtA yn vcnedkm smAnAr~TvAcF bvepen.ebDfs#vyn`vhnes smZb$D ebAehAedvld emkF‘Dr~mtA’yn vcneyn pAlf sAhftYyt=L h[Hdfn`evZ.4Et[n`hfdFt` DmZmtA yn vcny BAvftAekAx a[tet kfsfymZ smZmtyk` d[kvFm pfNfsbv epen.nfds<nkels b<dD#v yx epr kfsfymZ kAlsFmAvk z\Skrk&fyAkfrFm s{m b<z\vreyk=xm aAevZNfkDm%tA vk els d[k`evZ.a[t[mZvfx ehAHdedyk` lbAg[nFmxnmZ E` pfNfs vfVAl k[pkfrFmk evehsk d[rfyy<t=y yn smAj smZm<tfyx EkHgv k&fyAkfrFm emhfdF ‘DmZmtADmZmtADmZmtADmZmtA’ ynenn adhsv>vA vfyh[kfyf.5

1 md,s isxy, wldrdosh, fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysus, fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh, foysj,, 1998, 296 msgqj. 2 bx.@Sis isxy, YnzofldaIh, cS mS u,,fialr, tuz. vS. .`Kfiak iy iud.u, fl<U. 1992, 593, msgqj. 3 Do This Noun’s adverb is Normally.It’s adjective is Normative. 4 uyd j.a. md,s 1, nq. c. uq. 16 msgqj. 5 i' ks' 11, mpzph iq;a;, nq. c. uq. 40 msgqj.Wmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd Wmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd Wmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd Wmamdodjd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx Gs;dj;:d.;dkx Gs;dj;:d.;dkx Gs;dj;:d.;dkx Gs;dj idOd;` Ouzu:s;s;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;didOd;` Ouzu:s;s;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;didOd;` Ouzu:s;s;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;didOd;` Ouzu:s;s;d Ouzuks;du;d bomampzp;d.

iajNdj kshduh fukau huz huz foaj, yd mqoa.,hkaf.a wfjzKsl iajNdjhka woyialrf.k ‘Ouzu;d’hk jHjydrh is|= flrsks.nq|=jreka jsIfhys muKla fkdj fndaOsi;ajhka jykafia jsIfh yso‘Ouzu;d’jHjydrjS ;sfnz.fndaOs i;ajhka jykafiag muKla idOdrKjk ‘Ouzu;d’rdYshla uydmodk iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz.ksoiqkla jYfhka bka tla lreKla /f.kn,uq‘Ouzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod fndaOsi;af;da ud;l`pzPsxOuzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod fndaOsi;af;da ud;l`pzPsxOuzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod fndaOsi;af;da ud;l`pzPsxOuzu;d tid NslaLfjz hod fndaOsi;af;da ud;l`pzPsx Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; Tlalkaf;da fyd;s k fndaOsi;a; ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;ud;d fldpsfoj wdndfOd WmamcAc;s’s’s’s’ huz jsfgl fndaOsi;aj f;fuz ujzli ms<sisZo ,kshso t;eka mgkafldg fndai;a ujg lsis|= wdndOhla fkdWmoshs.1

sAmAnYeyn Dr~mtA(pAlf:DmZmtA)yn`enn adhs krnen h[sfrfyy<t= aAkAry enAh[sfrffy y<t= aAkAry k=mk`d[yf kfyAedn m>LDr~mvlxy.smAjyk sAmAjfkyn vfsfn` emykLy<t= aAkAr yyf,emy enAkLy<t= aAkAryyf,yn<evn ymZymZ cr~yAevn` vfstrekAx avebA`DekAxegn a[t. nfds<nkvVeyn jnAkFr~N sTAnyk nfr[vt`v obenAbyAm enAkLy<t=edykf.yemk` EeskL ehAt E` t[n[t`tA Dr~mtA ehvt p&tfmAn kwkL p<<<dgleyk=els gNng[en`.Em Dr~mtA ehvt p&tfmAnvlx y<ktf shgtbv(Iegtimization) els l[ebn`en ekesd[yf b[lfyy<t=y.ap Dr~mtAvk h[sfrfy y<t`et a[yf?

aep jFvftyx kfsfymZ p<dgleyk= hAnfyk`kfrFmx p[mfNfyehAt E` avsTAevZdF k&fyAkLy<t= aAkAry pfLfbHd(p&tfmAny pfLfbHdv)g[xHPvk a[tfenAevZ.ap kfsfymZ ekenk=x atx atdF ehA at`edk Ekt=ekAx ehA aAy<ebA`vn` kfyn`en a[yf?emyx edn pfLft=rvnen E` k&fyAv smAjy vfsfn` vfVfSXy[yf VfSX smZpn`ny[yf pflfegn a[tf p&tfmAnyk ehvt Dr~mtAvk bvyf.emZ p&tfmAn ehvt Dm%tAvlxan<v h[sfernayx E smZb$Deyn` kfsfymZ pArfetASnyk l[ebZ.E` pArfetASNy eBUtfk vVeynm l[ebn`nkm enAv smhrvfx mAnsfk v>vk vfyh[kfyf.EnmZ sfethf a[tfevnnAv> st=x ehvt p&Ftfyyf.

ymZymZ p&tfmAn ehvt Dr~mtAvn sftAmtAm kwkfrFemn apx dHw<vmk vfHdfn`nx sfz\vfy h[kfy.pAw<vk` vfHdfn`nx sfz\vfyh[kfy.2emZ dHw<vmx ehA pAw<vx m<h<NdFmx a[tf akm[tt nfsA apf Dr~mtA ehvt p&mAn enAkwm<.smhrvfx p&m<KgNey p&tfmAn k[w>vfx rexZ epAz\nFtfy an<v dHw<vmZ vfHdFmx sfz\evZ.emhf dF BfOS>nvhneslA h[xfyx vfny pfxkey smhr nFtfrFtf ull^GnykLvfx vfHdfnnx sfz\vn dHw<vmZ pfLfbHdv sftAb[lFm v[dgty.3

lsishuz iudchla jsOsu;a whqrska kS;s.; lr fkdue;s tfia jqj;a fmd|= ck jHjydrfhys iudc iuzu;hka f,i Ndjs;hg .efkkakdjQ fndfyda iuzuq;Ska m@;sudk f,i ie<flhs.tfia jkafka fmd|= jHjydrh ;< Ndjs;h iZoyd talus;sFjfhka iuzu; lrjdf.k ;sfnk fohla jSu ksidhs.wd.usl ixia:djka ;< olakg ,efnk jskh m@Z{ma;Skao fuz whqrska iuzu; lrjd.kakd,o fmd|= iuzuq;Ska nejska iuh iudc m@;sudk(Social Norms of Religion) f,i tajd yeZoskafjz.fuu iudc m@;sudkhka f.ka we;euz tajd iudc fjkiluzj,g .;slj fjkiajkakdjQ yd fjkial< yelsldjQ foafjhs.we;euz tajd tfia fkdl< yels tajd fjhs.fufia fjkial< yels iudc m@;sudk jkqfha we|=uz me<|=uz jdiia:d k wdydr fnfy;a jeks uq<sl wjYH;d jsIfhys meKjS we;a;djQ we;euz iqZM iuh iudc m@;sudk muKs.NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys meKjS we;s fiaLshd YsCIdmo fujeks iuh iudc m@;sudkhkag ksoiqka fjhs.wd.uska ksrAosIaG prAhdjg iDcqju n,mdkq ,nkakdjQ nrm;< iuh iudc m@;sudkhka fjkia l< fkdyels tajd f,i ie<fla.ldka;d mCIh NsCIq ixia:djg wka;rA.@yKh lr.ekSu fyj;a NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSu fjkial<

1 oS' ks' 11, uydmodk iq;a;, nq. c. uq. 19 msgqj. 2 oskusK oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d, fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 25. 03. 2005, 3 msgqj. 3 iuka; mdidosld 111, fyajdjs;drK uq|@Kh, 756 msgqj.

fkdyels iuh iudc m@;sudkhkag ksoiqkls.luk ;;ajh la ;,oS jqj;a NsCIQka jykafia,dg ia;@Ska mejsosl< fkdyelaflauh.tfial< yelafla nq|=jrhka jykafia kulgu muKs.

pV`cAt nvYvAdF mtdrnnn els s[lekn st&FvAdFh<(Femenism)1 ebUdD BfOS< s^sTAvx Ell krn ecA`dnAvk vn<ey kAntAvnx b<z\ss<en` p[vfdd hA upsmZpdAv BfOS>n`vhnesx lbAdfy enAh[kek mknfsAd ynkArNyyf.2emhfdF ar~htvhx avVY g=NDm% v[wFm ynkAr Neyn` st&F p<r[S eB`dy m>Lfk#veyhf lA enAs[lk=nt svBAveynm vfr[dD lf^gfk aAkr~S nyk` shftv> st&F p<r[S edpOSy vfSeyhf emZ kxy<tt adALvFmt` smst smAjyevtfn` BfOS>s^sTAv evt pvrAa[tf smAjmy p&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFmx BfOS<vfny p&Qptfeynm(BfOS< vfny yn< BfOS< s^sTAvt=L k&fyAt`mk vn p&tfmAn pdDtf yyf.)p&tfmAn pdDtfyk` pNvA a[tfb[vfn` Em p&tfmAn enAkwekAx aArOSA kfrFm BfOS>n`vhn`eslAeg` vgkFm vnb[vfn<t` BfOS>nvhneslA tmnvhneslAx uk`tkr[N adAL enAvn bv pvstf.3

kAntApOSy vfSeyhf p[nvF a[t`tAv> smAj p&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFemZ hA pvt`vAegny{emZ vgkFm p[vrF a[t`et kAntAvnxm4(BfOS<NFn`xm)nfsA kAn tAvn p[vfdfkfrFemZ avsrya[t`et` BfOS<NFpOSy vfSeyhfbv avDArNykrtf.emy p<r[SADfptYy ehA lf^geBdy m<lfkkregn st&Fn ekAnkrd[mFemZ pht mAnsfk#vy v[nf px< arm<Nfn` sfz\vn`nk enAevZ.aSXgr[Dr~m p[nvFm yn kr[N arByAd emZ st&FvAdFh<(Femanism)5 b<z\rz\n`xd emZ ecAdnAv Ellkrtf. EhfdFt` b<z\h< aSXgr[Dm% p[nv>ey kAntApOSy aSXgr[Dr~m upeyA`gF kregn BfOS>n vhn`eslA yxet` BfOS<NFn` vhl mAnsfk#veyn ekAx<kr t[bFmx enAevZ.b<z\rz\n` m<lfnm aArmZBkeL BfOS<s^sTAvyf.kAn`tA pOSyevtfn p[vfdfvFmx avsrp[tFm sfz\v<en emm BfOS< s^sTAv pfhfx<vFemn ps<vb[vfn` al<etn a[tfkfrFmx yn BfOS<NF s^sTAv sAr~Tkels BfOS< s^sTAvx bdDkfrFmx avVYvfy.E` bdDkfrFm n[tehAt BfOS<NFn`d p[vfdf pOSyx an`tr~g&hN y krg[nFemZ k&fyAvlfy sAr~Tkels ix<kfrFFm arByA aSXgr[Dm% pNvn ldF.aSXgr[Dm% vnAhF BfOS<NFn s^Gs^sTAvx an`tr~gt kfrFm arByA EkL BArtey p[vtf smAj p&Qptfy t` BfOS<vfny p&Qptfyt` s[lkfllxegn pn vn lddAv> p&tfmAn pdDtfykf.6

ia;@SjdoSyq (Femanism) ldka;djkag NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSu ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka ;, ;snQ wdl,amh ms<snZoj m@YaklsrSug mjd fm<fU;s.Tjqyq nq|=iuh;< ldka;djg ysusj;snQ ia:dkh ms,snZo my; oelafjk wdldrfhka lreKq lsysmhla biau; fldg olajd ;sfnz.tkuz

1 wIaG .re OrAuj,g ldka;d iyNd.SFjhla ke;.

2 NsCIqj iuznJOfhka wkq.ukl< ms<sfj<g jvd fjkia l@uhla wkq.ukh lsrSu.

3 iqjsfYaIS kS;s moaO;shla wkqj msysgqjd ;snSu.

4 m<uqj jhi ms<snZoj ie,ls,su;a fkdjSu yqfola ia;@SFjh u;u mokuzj ;snSu(jDoaO mgsmdgsh ke;).

1 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE, wkq, o is,ajd, uxi,, oskusK, wZ.yrejdo tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 22. 03. 2005, 25 msgqj, 2 vhkd fnda,agz ue;sKsh, nq|=r|=ka ia;@Skag oafjzYlrkafkla f,i olajd we;af;a nq|=iuh ms<snZoj l@udkQl~, yeoErSula is|=lr fkdfjz . 3 ldka;dj yd nq|= iuh, bJ|@dKs fmfrArd, tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda, fld<U, 2000 107-123 msgq. 4 tu 123-125 msgq 5 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE, wkq, o is,ajd, uxi,, oskusK wZ.yrejdod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U. 22. 03. 2005, 25 msgqj. 6 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh, bJ|@dKs fmfrArd, tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda, fld<U, 2000 119-134 msgq.

5 pq,a,j.a.md,sfha NsCIqKS LJOlfha wjqre|= 5 lg yd wjqre|= 320 lg miqj fuh iZoykajSu .egZM iy.;h.

6 NsCIqKS LJOlh ;snqKq ia:dkh ms<snZoj ix.dhkdj,g fmrjqk;a ix.dhkdj iuSmfhau fuz ms<sn Zoj iZoykajSu ksid fuh igykajS we;s ia:dkh ms<snZoj we;sjk ielh mokuzlrf.k fuh wi;Hh lah hk woyi u;lrhs.fuu woyia iDcqju NsCIq m@;sudkh iuznJOfhka jQjls.

wIaG .reOrAuj,g ldka;d iyNd.SFjhla fkdue;sh hk woyi t;ruz ;rAldkQl~, fkdfjz.uska woyia lrkafka ienjskau lulao$wIaG.re OrAu meKjSfuysoS fmr we;sl<djQ NsCIqKS ixia:djla fkdue;s fyhska tnZ|= fohla ms<snZoj NsCIqKshlf.a woyia oek.ekSug l@uhla fkdjSh.wIaG.reOrAu ms<snZoj woyia uq,skau m@ldY lf<a m@cdm;S f.d;ushgh.weh jsjdohlska f;drj tu .reOrAu ysia uq|=kska ms<s.;awdldrh pq,a,j.a. md,sfha NslaLqKS LJOlh;< oelafjz.1 nq|=r|=ka uq,skau .reOrAu ms<snZoj mekjSu is|=lr ta ms<s.kakjdo keoao hk lreK m@cdm;S f.da;ush wNsuqLfhysu u;l< w;r thg wehf.a wOsl;r ukdmh ,ensKs.wjYHkuz ia;@SjdoSkag fuysoS nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKS mejsoao wemhg ;ndf.k f.da;ushf.ka fuz leue;a; jsuiQ ksid flfia fyda mejsoao ,nd .ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka leue;a; |=kakd lshdo lreKla u;lr .;yelsh.fuysoS tla;rd |=rlg nq|=r|=ka ;rAclfhlf.a iajrEmfhka msgg ps;@Kh l<yelsjSu ksid ksrka;rfhkau mqreI mCIfhys jeros wvqmdvq fidhuska l,af.jSug repslrk ia;@SjdoSyq fuz ms<snZoj b;d leue;a;lska kq|=frAoSu idlpzPd lrkq we;. TzkEu lreKla foi jeros weilska n,kjsg fmfkkafkao jeros ps;@hlauh.tnejska fuz lreK foi Ndjd;s Yh weiska n,d ;SrKj,g t<USu fkdl<hq;h.

ia;@sjdoSka olajk fojk lreK .;fyd;a Tjqka olajkafka nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKSka iuznJOfhka wkq.ukh l< l@ufjzoh NsCIqka iuznJOfhka wkq.ukh l< l@ufjzohg jvd fjkiajQjla njhs. Ners jSulska fyda fuz lreK fufia fkdjS wfkla w;g is|=jQjdkuz tkuz lsisjlf.a b,a,Sulska f;drj nq|=r|=ka b;d leue;af;kau NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSug W;aiql jQjdkuz nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKSkag jsfYaI ie,ls,a,la oelajQjd hehs fudjqka lshkakg bv ;snsks.NsCIqKSka hkq;a ldka;djkauh tnejska hf:dala; ;Fjh ovuSud fldgf.k nq|=iiqk flfrys BrAIHdfjka miqjQ fndfyda fofklg nq|=r|=kag wmydi jk mrsos lgl:djla ksrAudK lsrSug th losu wjia:djla i,idfokq fkdwkqudkh.tfia fkdl<;a flf;la mrSCIdldrSj lghq;l<;a nq|=r|=kag t,a,jqkq jsjsO wi;H m@pdr wdosh jsuid n,kjsg2 fuh fufia is|=jSfuz iuzNdjs;dj by< w.hla .kakd nj fmfka.NsCIqKS mejsoao ,ndoSfuys W;aiql jSu iuznJOfhka mrsksrAjdKfhka miqj m@:u ix.dhkd ld,iSfusoS wdkkao ysushka ry;a Ndjhg meusKSfuka miqj;a fiiq NsCIqkaf.a fpdokdjg3 ,lajSug is|=jSu;a ta f;rjre flfrys ia:jsr f.#rjfhka fm#oa.,slju ;uka jrolalr ke;;a ;ud f;rjrekf.a fpdaokdj ms<s.kakd nj4 wdkkao ysushka mejiSu uZ.ska meyeos,s jkafka fiiq uyck;dj ;nd nqoaO ld,Sk uyf;rjreka f.a mjd m@idohla NsCIqKS ixia:dj we;s lsrSu wrUhd fkdmej;s njhs.

iuyrjsg nq|=r|=kag we;s f.#rjh fya;fjka uqjska fkdneK ksYaYnzo jqj;a iuia; NsCIq ix>hd w;ru fuz ms<snZoj t;ruz m@idockl wdl,amhla ;snS fkdue;snj fuz is|=jSfuka fmfka.we;euzjsg fmd|= uyckhdf.a jsreoaO;djhkag wkql~,j l@shdlrkakg Wkajykafia,dg is|=jqkd jsh yelshs.flfia fj;;a ia;@SjdoSka olajk wdldrfhka NsCIqkag jvd fjkia wdldrfhka 1 pq' md' NslaaLqkS LJOlh" nq' c' uq' 2 ud.kaoshd nsij iqkaorS mrsn@dcsldj jeks isoaOSka ysoS nq|=r|=kafj; t,a,jQ jsreoaOjdoSkaf.a wi;H m@pdrhka ie<lsh yelsh' 3 ,laosj uydhdk woyia" fudrgqfjz idikr;k ysus" weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U"1962"7-8 msgq' 4 tu

NsCIqKSka flfrys lghq; lr ;sfnzkuz tfia lrkakg fya;j fomCIh ldhslj yd cSj jsoHd;aulj fohdldr ,CIK fmkajk fldgzGdY folla nejsks.1hfula fuu ldhsl yd cSj jsoHd;aul ;;ajh ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k yqfola ;drAlslj ch.ekSfuz wruqKu fmroers lr f.k muKla fuz ms<snZoj os.ska os.gu jdohkays megf,a kuz tnkaokaf.a jsfjzpkj,g ms<s;reoSu ksrrA:l jQjls.2

ia;@SjdoSka olajk ;kajk lreK jQ iqjsfYaIS kS;s moaO;shla u; msysgs nj ke;fyd;a NsCIqkag fkdue;s w;sfrAl jskhlska iukajs; jSu ms,s.; fkdyelsh hkfoho ;rAldkQl~,j .;al< wj,x.jS hk lreKls.NsCIqka jykafia,d w;frka mjd ieufokd jykafiagu tlanZ|= wdldrhlska nq|=r|=ka lghq;lr fkdue;.3flduzhqgrA hka;@hla fuka huzlsis kHdhlg fyda isoaOdka;hlg wkql~, jk mrsoafoka iEufokd jsIfhysu tlu wdldrhlska lghq; lsrSfuys wdlD;sl rgdjla nq|=jre;, fkdue;.;uka wNsuqLhg meusfKk ta ta pska;k lY,;d iys; yd jsjsO udkisl rgdjkaf.ka iukajs; jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a ;rd;sru wkqj ta ta mqoa.,hdg .e,fmk wdldrfhka jsjsO m@Z{ma;s mKjd tlS mqoa.,hd i;jQ ksirA. udkisl Yla;sh msnsZojSfuz lghq;a; nq|=jre bgq lr;s.ta hgf;a idrOrAu jO!k l@shdj,sfhys ,d ldka;djkao mqreIhka yd muKgu iu;aluz oelajqj;a iudc m@;sudk iqrCIs; lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys ,d ldka;djka mqreIhka muKgu ksoyia yd iajdOSk f,i tlS lghq;a; bgqlsrSfuys,d wfmdfydi;ah hkak fyda iuia; iudch th tfiau wkqu; fkdlrkafkah hkak fyda fuz lreKq folu ksidu fyda NsCIqKSka jsIfhys wIaG .reOrAu kuzjk m@;sudk moaO;sh meKjSu is|=jS ;sfnz.4

ia;@SjdoSka wIaG .reOrAuj,g jsreoaOj olajk i;rjk lreK kuz fuu wIaG.re OrAu uZ.ska jDoaO mgsmdgsh W,a,x>kh jS ;sfnzh hk lreKhs.wNsjdokh jeZoSu .reire oelajSu jeks idrOrAu hkaf.a W#K;djh msKsi idudkHfhka flfklf.a udkisl|=rAj,luz f,i ie<flkakdjQ BrAIHdj uoh udkh ud;aihH!hh foay w,xlrKh jeks lreKq fya;fjhs5 udkisl |=rAj,luz ms<snZo lreKq idudkHfhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzjk nj ms<s.ekS ;snqk;a ia;@shlf.a cSj jsoHd;aul udkisl ieleiau;, wehgu wkHkHjqkq fmd|= ,CIK .enzjS mj;shs.6BrAIHdj uoh udkh ud;aihH! hh foay w,xlrKh jeks lreKq idudkHfhka mqreIhkag jvd jevsfhka ldka;djka;, ksi.! jYfhkau msysgd mj;shs.7isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhysoS ieusfhl jsiska nsrsZog bgql<hq; hq;luz w;rg nsrsZog weZ|=uz me<Z|=uz muKla fkdj wehg wdNrK /f.k oshhq; nj kduslj ioykalr ;snSu uZ.skao Tmamq jkafka by; olajk ,o udkisl iajNdjh fmd|=fjz ishZM ia;@Ska;, tla;rd muKlg olakg we;snjhs.8oek W.;alu ksid fyda fjkhuz lreKla ksid fyda fulS udkisl iajNdjh hgm;a lrf.k isgSfuys fyda tfia hgm;alrf.k lghq; lsrSfuys m@jK;djhla ldka;djka jsIfhys kuz lsisfia;a olakg fkd,efnk nj W.;a kQ.;a fNaohlska f;drj TzkEu iudc ;,hl ldka;djl wyUqf,i .;al< olakg ,efnz.9NsCIqKS ixia:dj jeks w;sYh ne?reuz ldrAhhloS tlS |=rAj,;d jhka j,ska w;ausoS w;ausoS lghq; lsrSfuys yelshdj ,enSu weh mjq,a ixia:djloS lghq; lrkdld rhg jvd ;oska wjYHfjz.tjeks yelshdjla wehg ,ndoSu msKsi wIaG.re OrAu meKjS ;sfnz.

1 w' ks' 1" rEm j.a.h" ps;a; mrshdh" j.a.h nq' c' uq' 2 u' ks' 11" ikaol iq;a;" n c uq 322 msgqj' 3 w' ks' 1" ta;o.a. md,s" fn#' iuz' ixia' 56-64 msgq' 4 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 1-78 msgq' 5 pq' md' NslaLqKS jsNx.h" mdps;a;sh" ,iqK j.a.h" 6-10 YsCIdmo' 6 tu wkaOldr j.a.h" 7 pq' md' NslaLqKS jsNx.h" k.ak j.a.h" 7-8 YsCIdmo' 8 oS' ks' 111" isZ.d,l iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 290-310 msgq' 9 merKs ,laosj ldka;dj" bka|@dKs uqKisxy" Y@S foajs m@skagrAia" foysj," 2001" fmrjok i-vii msgq'

‘fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh’ kue;s .@J:fhys j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr(Ydia;@fjzoS f.#rj) jks;djf.a ijrEmh wehf.a jpkj,skau fuf,i olajd we;.‘ngysr os. we|=uz me<|=uz me;s lv fndfyduhlau wmf.a wd.fuz jsYajdihkag fukau ixialD;shgo mgyeksh.jrA;udkfha olakg ,efnk weZ|=uz w;r flgs,weZ.gu we,qKq iy jsksjso fmfkk idh yegzg ,sx.fNaohlska f;drj weZosh yels weZ|=uz fuz w;r fjz fuz;,ska ldka;d YsIagnj .s,syS hkq we;.’1

ffcjjsoHd;aulj jqjo ldka;dj i; woyia Woyia yd wdl,am lsishuz fkd.eUqre iajNdjhla olakg ,efnz.ia;@sh ksrka;rfhka ;ekS we;af;a ffc jsoHd;aulj ujlf.a ldrAhNdrh yd j.lSu bis,Sug yelshdj we;sjk mrsoafoks.fuz ;;ajh fmd|=fjz udkjhdgu iqjsfYaiS ;;ajhla fkdjk w;r fmd|=fjz iuia; cSjSj.!hdf.au .eyeKq iFjhdgu muKla ffcj mrsKduKfhaoS Wreujk ,o iycdYhls.fuz hgf;a wehf.a udkisl rgdj yd wdfjzok ;;ajhka iliajS we;af;a m@ckk iS>@;djh by<ugzgul mj;ajd .ekSu;a tauZ.ska ishjrA.hdf.a wLKav jrAOkh yd ffcj meje;au iqrCIs; lr.ekSu wrUhdh.

‘fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh’ kue;s lD;sfhys j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr ta nejz wehf.a jpkj,skau fuf,i olajkakSh.‘wyfia wdf,dalh we;sjSug iQrAhhd wjYHfj;au .Dyhla ,iaikjSug <orejka wjYHjkafkah.tfukau wefZoaoS fjiZ.klf.a ;;ajfhka isgskakg mqZMjka ldka;djla r;akhla jknjo olajd we;.fuz wkqj jsjycSjs;fhaoS jsfYaIfhka wUq ieus inZo;d j,oS ldka;dj yeisrsh hq;af;a flfiao hkak ms<snZo wjOdrKh lsrSug .;a W;aiyhls.2’

ldka;dj i; fkd.eUqre udkisl iajNdjh wehf.a wdfjzok repslFjhka uZ.ska m@lg lrjk wdldrh uekjska tu .@F:fhys l;Djrsf.a jpj,skau fuf,i jsia;r flfrA.‘uEkshka ;ukaf.a |=j oSug Okfhka jevs wh fidhk w;r mshd fidhkafka mKavs;fhls.kEoEhka fjfyfikafka jxYfhka Wiia wh fijSugh.tkuq;a ;reKsh fjfyfikafka rEmY!Sfhka w.;ekam;a flfkl iuZ. hdugh.3’

ia;@SjdoSka wIaG .reOrAuj,g jsreoaOj olajk miajk lreK .;fyd;a tuZ.ska lshefjkqfha pq,a, j.a. md,sfhys fuz mqj; iZoyka jk ia:dkh ieliys; nj ksidu fuz lreK wi;Hjk njhs.huz lsis lreKl Ydia;@Sh i;Hdi;H;djh ms<snZoj huzlsis ks.ukhlg meusKSfuys,d fuh Wps; yd Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhla fkdfjz.jskh msglhu muKla fkdj fiiq msgl .@J:hkays mjd ta ta iQ;@ ix.@ylr ;sfnkqfha nq|=r|=ka tlS iQ;@ foaYkdl< wkqms<sfj<g fkdfjz.nq|=r|=ka wNsuqLfhysu ta ta jsIh fCIa;@hkays ta;.@;djh bis,Q uyf;rjre jsiska ix.S;sldrl uyf;rjreka yuqfjysoS ;uka weiQ iQ;@OrAu tajq wdldrfhkau foaYkd lsrSfuka miqj lgmdvuz lsrSfuys yd OdrK Yla;sh uZ.ska uqL mruzmrd.;j tajd f.khEfuys myiqj i<ld wka;rA;h w;ska yd wdlD;sh w;ska iudkFjh .kakd iQ;@ kej; lsishuz ksYaps; jsOs l@uhlg tlu ud;Dldjka hg;g kej; ix.@y lrk ,oS.4

1 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U 2000" 145 msgqj' 2 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz. fldvsldr"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 27-28 msgq' 3 tu 29 msgqj' 4 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998" 72 msgqj'

nq|=r|=ka jsiska m@lSraKl f,i foaYs; iQ;@OrAuhkag tys wka;rA.; lreKqj,g wkql~,jk mrsoafoka jsjsO kuz ,ndoS lsishuz ksYaps; Ydia;@S jsOs l@uhlg fm< fmd;a ilialrk ,oafoa tajd mrsyrKh lrkakkaf.a myiqj i,ldf.kh.iQ;@ msglfhys ta ta ksldh.@J: mjd kuzlrk ,oafoa wka;rA.; iQ;@j, oSrA>Fjh u;h.1 fuz ksid wkqms<sfj< jeks wYdia;@Sh l@uhla fuys i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lsrSfuys,d fhdod .ekSu jeks wYdia;@Sh wjsoHd;aul l@u Ydia;@Sh .fjzIKfhys,d wkq.uk hlsrSu ia;@SjdoSka jekakkag kuz wNsu; jkakg mqZMjk.ta Tjqka ;ukaf.a u;h taldOsldrSuh ;;ajfh ka wkqkau; megjSfuys,d oCI;djhla yd repsl;ajhla olajk nejsks wOsldruh pska;k rgdjlg wdlD;s.; jS isgskakka nejsks.2

wdkkao ysus jsiska ;rAldkQl~,j keZ.~ m@Yakh jk ldka;djkag W;a;rS;r ukqIH OrAuhkag m;ajSfuz yelshdjla ;sfnzo hk mekh f,dalfhysu ldka;djka flrys ohdfjka is;d kZ.k,o m@n,u m@Yakhhs.fuz ms<snZoj ‘rSgd tuz ;DIagz’mjikqfha nq|=r|=ka ldka;djg mejsoao ,ndoSug is;d isgsh;a fuz m@Yakh weiQ wjia:dfjz thg ms<s;re oS mejsoao ,ndoSug tlZ.jQ njhs.nq|=r|=ka ia;@Sf|@daysljQ w;r mqreIdOsm;SFjh m@shlrkafkl jQ nj weh mjihs.fuz lshk woyia ngysrg wd.ka;l fkdfjz Tjqka jqjukdfjkau huz huz whf.a woyia hgm;a lrkakg l@shdfldg ;sfnzh hk ldrKh b;sydih uZ.skau wmg TmamqlroS we;s ksidh.kuq;a nq|=r|=ka ;nd wkdrAh iuzm@odh ;<g wh;a lsis|= wd.usl fldgzGdYhla jsiskaj;a ia;@S pska;kh md.d oeuqKqnj jsOsu;aj Tmamq l,fkdyel.tfia Tmamql< fkdyelafla tfia fkdl< ksidh fuz .@J:h ;<g wkdrAh iuzm@odfhys l@usl jsldYh oelafjk mrspzfPaohlao tlalf<a.fuu lreKq meyeos,sjSu msKsih b;d meyeos,s f,iu wkdrAh ixialD;shg wh;a Y@uK iuzm@odhg wh;a ;jia fldgzGdYhka;< ia;@Syq jsiQ nj;a fndai;ka wd<drld<du iDIsjrhdfj; t<USug u;af;ka YdlHn@yauKS yd moaud kuzjQ ;dmishka fofofkl fj;ska Wjegka ,enQ mqj; fuhg tla idOlhls.fuz ksidu nq|=r|=ka ia;@S jsfrdaOs wdl,am oerE njg flfrk fpdaokdfjz lsis|= yrhla fkdue;.

nq|=r|=ka mqreIdOsm;Hhg wkql~,j nq|=iiqk f.dvfkdkeZ.~ kuq;a fn#oaONsCIq iuzm@odh f.dv keZ.fjz.mqreI flaJ|@Sh jHdmdrhla f,i nj ;j;a woyilska oelafjz.fuu wdl,am ngysr.@J: l;jrshka orkafka nq|=iuh ms<snZoj l@udkQl~, wOHhkhlska wk;rej fkdfjz.3jsfYaIfhkau jsjsO wd.usl iuzm@odhka ms<snZoj yodrd tu wd.usl iuzm@odhhkays jsfYaIfhkau ksrAudKjdoS wd.uzj, wka;rA.; ia;@S jsfrdaOS we;euz wdl,am Tjqka jspdr mQrAjlFjfhka f;drj nq|=iuh wrnhdo j.lSuz jsrys; f,i yd mokula fkdue;s f,i Ndjs;d lrkq olakg ,efnz.4fuzjd fmd;am;a yd wka;rAcd, udrA.fhka ikaksfjzokh lr .kakd furg isgskakdjQ wkqldrljdoS we;euz ia;@SjdoSyq wka;rA.;h fyda moku ms<snZoj lsis|= oekqj;a Ndjhlska f;drj ;ukaf.a jsh;anj m@lg lsrSug fuka tajd ;uQo mqkrepzpdrKh lr;s.5tfia lruskau tu woyiaj,ska ys;ukdmfha wkawhg oud.ikjd jskd tajd jsOsu;aj Ydia;@Sh wdldrfhka yd jspdrmQrAjl wdldrfhka wOHhkh lsrSug W;aiql fkdfjz.wju ;ruska NsCIqKS ixia:dj ms<snZoj huz woyila m@isoaOsfhys m@ldYlsrSug u;af;ka nq|=iuh ms,snZoj jsOsu;a wdldrfhka Ydia;@Sh yeoErSula l<hq;j ;snsKs.f,dalfhys TzkEu jsIhla .;a;;a fuz yeoErSu l< hq;uh ffjoH jsoHdj l@udkQl~,j fkdyodrd ffjoHjD;a;sfha ksr; fkdyelsjd fuks.

1 fn#oaO Ou! ix.@yh" udm,.u isrs fidusiair ysus" iuhjrAOk fmd;ay," fld<U" 1990" 376 msgqj' 2 tu 3 ft;sydisl us:Hjka iuZ. .eyekshlf.a ixjdohla" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U "09 04' 2005" 17 msgqj' 4 tu' 5 ft;sydisl us:Hdjka iuZ. .eyeKshlf.a ixjdohla..,iQ;@.; l< mqreI n,h" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;s m;@ iud.u" fld<U" 11' 06 '2005" 17 msgqj'

bkaoshdfjz ldka;d fojZ.kka mjd isgs wd.usl jHdmdr mej;ks' kuq;a ldka;d flaJ|@Sh wd.usl wdh;k msysgqjd .ekSug fkdyelsjsh.fuz fpdaokdj ia;@sjdoSka jsiak t,a,l< hq;j ;snqfKa n@dyauK iuh jeks ksrAudKjdoS pska;k flaJ|@lr.;a wd.uzj,gh.ia;@SjdoSka olajk ishZMu |=rAj,;d olakg ;snqfKa ksrAudKjdoS wd.uz;< nejsks.wdkkao ysusf.a m@Yakfhka miq mejsoao ,ndoshhq; jkafka lukd ldrhlgoehs jsuiqug ,lajsh wIag.re OrAu wkqj ,ndosh hq;hehs ksrAfoaYjsh.fuz wg w;r fndfyda widOdrK fldkafoais we;ehs ia;@SjdoSyq (Femanism) mji;s.tfy;a tajd fudkjdoehs Tjqka m@isoaOsfh ys fkdmji;s.wIaG.re OrAuj, widOdrKnj mejsosj fkdfnda osklska m@cdm;S f.da;uSyg f;areK nj;a iegjhia msreKq NsCIqKshla tosku Wmimka NsCIqjlg jekaohq;h hkak jDoaO mgsmdgshg wkqj lemlrk f,i m@cdm;S f.da;uS f;rKsh nq|=r|=kaf.ka b,a,d isgsh;a th ksIaM, jQnj iaa;@SjdoSyq olaj;s.Tjqka wIag.reOu!j, olajk jsYd, widOdrK Ndjh we;euzjsg fuh jsh yelsh.

ia;@SjdoSkag wkqj jkaokh hk lreK flfklf.a Wiia my;a nj ;SrKh lrkakdjQ usuzuls.kuq;a ffcjjsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul hk ldrKd folla wrNhd nq|=r|=ka jsiska ldkaldjka jsIfhys fuu meKjSu is|=lr ;sfnz.ldka;djl ;, ffcj jsoHd;aulj we;s udkh uoh BrAIHdj .Kulnj jeks |=rA.K urAOkh lsrSu msKsi Bg m@;slu!hla f,i jJokh kshuj we;.fuys iudc jsoHd;aul h:drA:h jkqfha NsCIq iudch;< ia;@shlf.a meje;au iqrCIs; lsrSu;a tuZ.ska wehg wjYHlrkakdjQ rCIdjrKh ie,eiajSu;a ta rCIdjrKh ,nuska ia;@sh ;ukag wjYHlrkakdjQ wd.usl jsuqla;sh i<id .ekSu;a fuhska wfmaCIs; m@fhda.sl lreKq fjz.tu wruqK wu;l lroud fuh ia;@S mqreI oajJOj hqoaOhla fldg i<ld l@shdlsrSu yd;amiskau uQ<sl wruqfkka neyerjSuls.tjka idlpzPdjl we;s m@fhda.sl jgskdlulao ke;.m@dfhda.sl fkdjkakdjQ oDIaGs WmojkakdjQ fujeks foa nq|=iuh i<lkafka iS,nzn; mrudi f,ihs.

us:HdoDIagsl wd.uzj,j;a ia;@Skag jeZoSula ke;ehs mejiQ nq|=r|=ka ta b,a,Su m@;sfCIam lrhs.ish iqZM ujjQ yd miqj ;ukaj ljdfmdjd fmdaIKh l<djQ m@cdm;S f.da;ushf.a b,a,Su iuznJOfhka funZ|= m@ldYhla lrhso hk ieluqiq woyila ia;@SjdoSkaf.ka t,a,jS ;sfnz.we;a;jYfhkau nq|=r|=ka NsCIqKS ixi:djg wkd.;fhys t,a,jk oyila Wj|=re iajlSh nq|=Kekska oel oel;a NsCIqKS ixia:dj msysgq jSug l@shdlf<a ;ukaf.a uEKshka jykafia ms<snZo lD;Z{;dmQrAjl fpz;kdj ksiduh f,djz;rd nq|= jre usil ud;D fifkyil uysu okafka fjk ljqo$fndaOsiuzNdr mqrkdjia:dfjys ishuEKshka jykafia Wru; ysZ|=jdf.k ish cSjs;h .ekj;a fkd;ld i;aoskla uyuqyqfoa msyskd ish uEKhkaf.a cSjs;h fnzrd .ekSug l@shdfldg weh w;ska mqf;a kqU nq|=fjzjd hehs m<uq ksh; jsjrK ,enqfjzo nq|= jSug m@:u;a fndai;ka;< mej;s lreKdj ksid fkdfjzo$ta ksid ia;@SjdoSka olajk fuz fpdaokd mokuz jsrys; wi;H wN~; fpdaokd fjz.Tjqka olajk wkaoug fuysoS meKjS mej;s wIaG .re OrAu ms<snZoj .egZM jsgska jsg mekkeZ.S we;.ta msKsi Tjqyq idOlhla f.k yer olaj;s.pq,a,j.a.fha NsCIqKS LJOlh ;sfnkafka mxpi;sld LJOlhg;a i;a;i;sl LJOlhg;a uq,sks.fuz wkqj pq,a,j.a. md,sh nq|=ka msrsksjs jir 100 la hkf;la jsjD;j ;snqk;a fojk ix.dhkd fjz jdrA;dfjys iZoyka fkdjSfuka fuzjk jsg fuz fmd; ksujd ;snQnj meyeos,s fjz.md;sfudlaLfha ijk LJOlh yd NslaLqKS LJOl hk fol miqld,Skj lrk ,oaolanj ia;@SjdoSkag mCIj fcda;sh OSrfialr uy;d(Rev.Prof. Dhammavihari Thero) fn#oaO wdrdusl md,kh kuz .@J:fhaoS myod fohs.kuq;a Ydia;@Shj js.@ylr n,oaoS tau;h t;udf.a nq|=oyu ms<snZoj jsYdro yd jsoaj;a njg fkd ieifZok nj fu;a is;ska i<lkq uekjs.

fuz ms<snZoj .re;r uykdhl w;smQcHje,s.u Z[dKr;k uykdysushka Wkajykafiaf.a uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h yd ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh hk .@J:fhys mjikafka fujeks

woyils.1th Wkajykafia f.au joka j,ska fufiah."NsCIqKska jsiska ms<smeosh hq; wIag.reOu!h pq,a,j.a. md,s fhys we;<;aj ;sfnk ksid ms<s.; fkdyelshhs.NsCIqKS Ydikh msysgqjSu ld,fdaps; l@shdjlehs mjikakdjQ we;efula mji;s. Tjqkag u;lal< hq;af;a wIag.reOu!h pq,a,j.a. md,sfha muKla fkdj wx.;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fha f.da;uS j.!fhyso ijsia;rj w;<;aj ;sfnk njh. tmuKlaj;a fkdoek fuz m@Yakh .ek l:dlrkakdjQ uydpdrAhjreo isgs;s.yd fydZohs wIag .re Ou!h we;<;aj ;snkafka pq,a,j.a.md,sfhau muKlehs lSj;a pq,a,j.a. md,sh bj;,sh hq;o$

Tjqkaf.a tl woyila kuz nqoaO mrsksrAjdKfhka miqj is|= lrk,o m<uq jeks fojeks Ou! ix.dhkd jsia;ro tys we;<;afldg ;sfnk ksid fuho tnkaola f,i ie,lsh yelsh hkakhs.2

nqoaO mrsksrAjdKfhka f;uilska kslsKs mif<diajlod m<uq Ou! ix.dhkdj lrk,oS.nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.kau oyuz jskh W.;a uyry;a mkaishhla fofklka jykafiaf.a iuznJOfhka l<djQ tu Ou! ix.dhkdjg iuznJO jQ NsCIqka jykafia,d yer fiiq NsCIqka rc.ykqjr jia fkjeish hq;hs jHia:djla mjd iuzu; fldg yd;ami /lj,a ;nd rdcH wkq.@yh we;sj is|=l< nj jdrAldjS we;.ta ishZM /lj,a fhdok ,oafoa wOu!h yd wjskh we;<;ajSu je<elSu msKsih.3

thska jir iShla .;jqkdg miq fojeks Ou! ix.dhkdj is|=lrk ,oafoa isjqms<sisUshdm;a uy ry;ka jykafia i;aish kulaf.a iuznJOfhks Wkajykafia,d w;r nq|=rcdKkajykafia oel mqre|= ry;ka jykafia,d mjd isgshy.wdkkao uyry;ka jykafiaf.a ioaOs jsydrslhka jykafia,d jk inznlduS-id<ay frAj;-nqcAcfidaNs;-hi-idKiuzN~; hk uyry;a uyf;rekao wkqeoaO uyry;ka jykafiaf.a YsIHhska jykafia,d jk iquk-jdiN.duS uyf;reka hk fulS ry;ka jykafia,d (osgzGmqnznd ;:d;x) ;:d.;hka jykafia oel mqre|= ry;ka jykafia,dh.m<uq ix.dhkdfjz fukau fuz fojeks ix.dhkdjo rdcH wkq.@yh we;sj uy;a /ljrK uOHfha is|=l< nj jdrA;djS we;.fufia ix.dhkd f;dr;re wdosh we;<;aj ;sfnk ksid pq,a,j.a. md,sh ms<s.ekSu g wlue;s wh is;kjd we;af;a ta ix.dhkd lrk ,oafoa ;uka jekakjqkah lshd is;df.k jsh hq;h.

nq|=rcdKka jykafia mjd oel mqre|= ry;ka jykafia,d iuznJO jS lrk ,o ta ix.dhkdjk ksid f:rjdohg wh;a oyuz jskh iqrCIs; jsh hfula th fkdms<s.kafka kuz ta wh usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia jsiska msysgqjk ,o mhH!dma;s m@;sm;a;s Ydikh flfryso jsYajdih ;nkafka ke; usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia jkdys nq|=rcdKka jykafia oji jevjsiQ jskOr jQ Wmd,s uyry;ka jykafi f.a YsIHdkq YsIH mruzmrdjg wh;a jkfial Wmd,s-odil-fidkl-is.a.-fu#.a.,S mq;a; ;siai-uyskao hkq ta mruzzmrdjhs.usysZ|= uyry;ka jykafia m@uqL Ou!|+; msrsi jsiska f.fkk ,o mhH!dma;s ;@smsglh uqL mruzmrdfjka (lgmdvuska) ud;f,a wZMjsydrfhaoS .@J:drEv lrk;re mj;ajdf.k wdjyqh.pq,a,j.a.md,sh bj; ,kakjqkag oeka ;sfnk ;@smsglh ms<s.; yelso$"4 je,s.u Z{dKr;k ysushka fulS lreK wrUhd m<lrk ,oaodjQ woyi fuz lreKg fydZou ms<s;rfjhs. tnejska fuz lrefKys,d f:arjjdo woyi fuhska fydZoskau uQrA;su;a fjz.

1 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus" u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou!m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998" 71 msgqj' 2 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou! m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 "71-72 msgqj' 3 tu 72 msgqj' 4 tu 72 msgqj'

ia;@SjdoSka olajkakdjQ ;j;a lreKlg wkqjmd;sfudlaLfhys ijk LJOlfhys nq|=rcdKka jykafia md;sfudlaLh foiSug meusK ksyZvjk fial.uq.,ka ysus ta.ek m@Yak lr;s.nq|=rvdKka jykafia msrsiays bkakd jsIujQ ;eke;af;l wruqKq fldg ;ukajykafia mdfudla fkdWfoik nj m@ldYlrk fial.fuys m@d;sfudCI foaYkdj hkqfjka oelajqko f:arjdofha yegshg nq|=r|=ka foikafka Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh muKs. wdKd m@d;sfudlaLh fkdjkakls Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh hkq jskh kS;srS;s ke;s ld,fhaoS nq|=r|=ka NsCIQka leZojd .d:d ;klska hq;jQ wjjdouh jQ wkqYdikh foaYkdlsrSu hs.1jskh YsCIdmo nsysjSugfya;jQfha iqoskak kuz jQ NsCIqjf.a nSclfrda;am;a;s kuzjQ mdrdcsld wej;hs.

iS,h ms<snZoj jQ md,kh wkqj w;s yslauqKq msrsila uq,ska iiqfkys jsiQ kuq;a nScl frda;am;a;s wej; ms<snZojjQ isoaOsh jskh ms<snZoj u;fNaoldrS wjia:djla u;lrknj ia;@SjdoSyq fmkajd fo;s. tkuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaLh ;sfnk ld,fha jskh kS;s ;snS fkdue;.kS;s ke;s ld,fhoS;a ix> iNdfjka msgux lsrSug jerosldrfhla jsh fkdyel.kS;shla fkdue;s l,l bka msg;oS oZvqjuz osh fkdyel.fuz ksid fuh is|=jsh fkdyel.m<uq jrolre iqoskak ysus kuz w;S;hg n,mdk jeros nq|= oyfuz fkdue;s ksid ta ysushka fkrmsh fkdyelsnj ia;@SjdoSyq fmkajd fo;s.wfkla w;g jskh kS;s hgf;a m@:u jeros lre lrwe;af;a iqoskak ysushka ffu:qk mdrdcsldfjks.tfy;a irAjdia;sjdo jskfhys woskakdodkd mdrdcsldjla .ek iZoyka fjz.irAjdia;sjdoS jskh YsCIdmo f:arjdo jskfhys wvqmdvqluz u; lsrSu iZoyd Ndjs;d lsrSu t;ruz fhda.H lreKla fkdfjz. nq|=oyu fjkila fldkr tys ksrAu, uq,a iajrEmfhkau wdrCId lr.;af;a f:rjdoS iuzm@odh jk nejska wksjdrAhfhkau lskuz ;rd;srfuz fjkila oyfuz fyda YsCIdmoj, jsoHudkfj;akuz thska f:rjdo l@uhu ksjeroshehs ms<s.ekqu jvd;a Wps; l@ufjzohhs.

tfiakuz nq|=r|=ka yd iuznJO lrjuska m@d;sfudlaL ijk LkaOlfhys fuu mdrdcsldj ilialf<a |=iaiS, NsCIQkag md;sfudlaLh foiSug we;ZMjsh fkdyelsh hk ixl,amh ,ndoSug nejz ia;@SjdoShq mji;s.l,a we;sj meusK mdfudla Wfoid.ekSu hqla;siy.; lr.ekSug;a tnZ|= miqld,Sk mrspzfPao ;kla ,Z. ;sfnkakdjQ NsCIqKs LJOlfha tk l;sldjka miqld,Sk jSug bv;sfnk njg Tjqyq iel my< lr;s.fuz wkqj fuh mqreIdOsm;Hh ;yjqre lr.ekSug2 f.d;k ,oaolanj meyeos,s fjzh hk lreK ia;@sjdoSyq u;lr;s.tfukau Tjqka olajkdldrhg nq|=r|=ka m@cdm;shf.a jeZoSu ms<snZo lreK wrNhd idjOdkj ijka|=ka njla olakg fkd,efnk njo fmkajd fo;s.kuq;a idjOdrK b,a,Suzj,g ljr wjia:djl jqjo ijkaoSfuz m@;sm;a;sh nq|=r|=ka i;jQ fohla ksid funkaola jsh fkdyelsnj ia;@SjdoSyq olaj;s.fuz fya;j ksid wIaG .reOrAuo NsCIQkaf.a mYapd;a ld,Sk ksrAudKhla njg fuu lreKq idOlhla fldg olaj;s.fuz ms<snZoj je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysushka m<l< uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh keue;s lD;sfhys wka;rA.; f;dr;re wdY@fhka by; mrspzfPAofhysoS lreKq iys;j fuz u;h idjoHnejz ;yjqrefldg ;sfnz.

by; iqoskak NsCIqj iuznJOfhka nq|=iuh wkq.ukhl< l@shdudrA.h b;d meyeos,sj jskfhys olajd ;sfnz.m@:u mdrdcsld YsCIdmoh meKjSug iqoskak NsCIqjf.a prAhdj bjy,a jqj;a tlS wej;g m;a fkdfjz.ta tajk jsg tnZ|= wej;la ms<snZoj jskfhys iZoyka fkdjk nejsks.nq|=jrekaf.a m@d;sfud CIh foaYkdlsrSu ms<snZoj jQ m@;sudkuh lreKla fuysoS ;uka lshk lreKg idOlhla f,i ia;@SjdoSka jsiska Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;sfnz.idudkHfhka TzkEu nq|=jrfhl iuznJOfhka fulS m@;sudk wod<fjz.nq|=jre wmrsis|= is,a we;s msrsiays mdfudla fkdWfoi;s.fuys mdfudla hkq jskh YsCIdmo fkdfjz isysm;alsrSuz yd wjjdohs.;uka ;ukaf.a

1 uyry;a ix>us;a;d prs;h iy ;okqnoaO NsCIqKS Ydikh" je,s.u Z[dKr;k ysus"u,a,sldrdu jsydria: Ou! m@pdrl lusgqj" r;au,dk" 1998 "71-72 msgqj' 2 tu 73 msgqj

Y@djlhka yd tlaj tlu wruqKl .uka lrkakdjQ ;dlal,a nq|=jre fuu Tzjdo md;sfudlaL foaYkdj mj;aj;s.nqoaO Y@djl hka iuznJOfhka funZ|= wdldrfhka mdfudla WfoiSugu;af;ka wmsrsis|= ;eke;a;ka msrsfika bj;a lsrSula is|= fkdfjz.NsCIq m@;sudkhka ;, tnkaola fkdjk nejsks.ienjskau NsCIQka jykafia,d is|= lrkqfha jrog m;a jQjkao tu iNdjg we;ZM lrf.k Tjqkaf.a tlS jro uyd ix>hd uOHfha fy<sfldg tu jro iZoyd iq|=iq jskh lrAuhka uyd ix>hd fj;skau mKjd .ekSuhs.

idudkHfhka fiiq NsCIQka jykafia,d iuZ. ix> iudch ksfhdackh lsrSfuz whs;sh wysusjkafka i;r mdrdcsld nZ|= b;du;a m@n,u .Kfha jrola l< NsCIQka jykafia kulg muKh.tfy;a ta jro ix> iNdjla uOHfha jsOsu;a wOslrK l@shdj,shlska ;yjqrefldg .kakdf;la ta NsCIqjj fiiq NsCIka jsiska jrolre hhs kuzfldg fldkalrkafka ke;.huz fyhlska tnZ|= fohlg jrolre f,i jsOsu;a wdldrhlska wOslrK l@shdj,shlska ;yjqrelr .;a;;a thg oZvqju f,i kej; Wmiuzmod NsCIQka jykafia flfkl f,i lghq; lsrSfuz bv m@ia;dj wysusjkjd usila wOslrK l@shdj,shlg mrsndysrj yd w;a;fkdau;sl f,i by; olajk whqrska oafjzI iy.; whqrska fkrmd ouk isrs;la fn#oaO ix> iudch;< olakg ke;.

tnejska ia;@SjdoSka olajk mrsoafoka fuu mdrdcsldj ilialf<a |=YaYS, NsCIQkag mdfudla WfoiSug meusKSu msKsi bv,nd fkdoSugh hk ldrKh us:Hdjla nj ;yjqre fjhs.uydj.a. md,sfha uyd LJOj,g wh;a jQ Wfmdai:LJOfhys oelafjk lreKq uZ.ska mqk mqkd wjOdrKh lrkq ,nkafka Wfmdai:h iZoyd ishZMu ix>hdf.a iyNd.SFjh w;HjYH lreKla jk njhs.1wfkla w;g Wfmdi: lu!hla is|= lsrSfuz ienE wjYH;d jh jkqfhao NsCIQka jykafia,df.a w;ska is|=jk wvqmdvq ksjeros lrf.k kej; wdh;s ixjrhg meusKSu msKsi wjYHjkakdjQ bvlv ,ndoSuh.ldw;skaj;a jeros is|= fkdfjkjdkuz Wfmdai:h meje;ajSfuz wrA:hlao ke;.lsis|= osfkl jrola is|= fkdfjkqfha iqmsrsis|= udkisl ;;ajhlg meusK isgskakdjQ ry;ka jykafi,d w;ska muKs.kuq;a ry;kajykafia,d jqjo Wfmdai:lu!hkag meusKSu wksjdrAhfjz.nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska tfia kshulr ;sfnz.

idudkHfhka wm is;kafka ry;ka jykafia,d hkq jeros wvqmdvqluz lsis;a rys; w;sYhskau irAjiuzmQrAK irAjf;daN|@ mqoa.,hka fldgzGdYhla njhs.tfy;a Wkajykafia,d w;ska jqjo we;euz wjia:dj,oS m@n, fkdjk iqZM iqZM wvqmdvq is|=jsh yelsnj jskh msglh wkqj fmfka.msKafvda, Ndroajdc f;reka iDoaOs m@d;sydrAh oelajSu ry;ka jykafia,d w;ska jqjo idudkH NsCIq m@;sudkh kag fkd.e,fmk iqZM iqZM w;miq jSuz is|=jsh yelsnjg ksorAYkhls.kuq;a tjka wjia:djloS mjd nq|=r|=ka Bg fodiakZ.d ;sfnkafka tjka is|=jSuz iuia; NsCIQ m@;sudkhkag wys;lrf,i n,mEyels nejsks.tjka jd;djrKhl NsCIQka fldgila l,a;nd meusK mdfudlaWfoid .ekSu hqla;s iy.; lsrSug hehs iZoyka m@ldYkh wrA: jsrys; m@ldYkhla fjz.

vhkd fnda,agz ue;sKsh iDcqju nq|=r|=ka ia;@Skag oafjzI lrkafkla f,i olajd we;.tfia m@ldY lrkafka tl, iudc mrsirh ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka i,ldne,Sfuka miq .kq ,enQ ;SrK ms<snZo wkjfndaO fhks.nq|=r|=ka tl, mej;s iudc wdrA:sl yd foaYmd,k mrsirh ms<snZoj oevs jsuiSulska hq;j l@shd lr we;.nq|=r|=kaf.a l@shdldrluz ms<snZoj w;a;fkdau;sl ks.ukhkag t<USug u;af;ka tjeks l@uj ;a yeoErSula l,hq;j ;snsKs. fndfydajsg bx.@Sis W.;ka fkduZ. hdug fya;j md,s NdIdj jsOsu;a f,i fkdokakdnj fya;fldgf.k md,s NdIdfjka ,shejS we;s uq,a md,s ;@smsgl .@F: lshjd f;dreuz .ekSug fkdyelslu ksid tjdfha ifodia bx.@sis mrsjrA;k

1 u' md" uyLkaOl" Wfmdai:laLkaOlh'

lshjd ta wkqj is;kakg hduhs.odrAYksl wrA:fhys Ndjs;djk md,s jpkj,g fkd.eUqre bx.@sis wrA: iemhSu ksid nq|=oyu ms<snZo bx.@Sisfhka rpkdjk .@J:hkays jsYd, wvqmdvqluz olakg ,efnz.rSia fvzjsvzia uy;d iy tu uy;aushf.a uQ<sl Fjfhka hq;j werUs ,kavka md,s fmd;a iud.fuys m@ldYkj, fuu wvqmdvqlu oelsh fkdyelafla Tjqka md,s NdIdj ms<snZo jsYdrohka nejsks.Tjqka w;rskq;a rSia fvzjsvzia uy;aushg jvd ksjerosj fn#oaO wdl,am .@yKh lsrSfuz yelshdj rSia fvzjsvzia uy;dg ;snsfka Bg wod< W.;aNdjh jevsmqr ;snqfka ta uy;dg nejsks.ffjosl pska;kh uq,aneif.k ;snQ iudcfha wd.usl idudcsl jYfhka ysusjS ;snQ wka;.duS iudch;< hd.fydau lsrSfuz fyda bf.kSfuz fyda b.ekajSfuz fyda mqreIhkaf.a wNsjdokh ,enSfuz fyda lsis|= bvlaa ldka;djlg tjlg iudc miqnsu;, fkdjSh.jks;dj ms<snZo f:rS.d:d j, oelafjkafka wehj udrhdf.a uqjg wdfrdamKh lsrSu wNsfhda.hg ,laflrekq miqnsula hgf;ah.

wd.usl idOqFjh ,enSu ia;@shg wmyiq lreKla fkdjknj fuu f:rS.d:d md,sfhys f;rKsjre kaf.a wmodkhka ;,ska meyeos,s fjz.kuq;a nq|=iuh bosrsm;a lrkafka uSg m@;sjsreoaO woyilanj ia;@SjdoSyq mji;s.uska fmfkkafka merKs Ndr;Sh jks;dj yd nq|=iufha ldka;dj ms<snZo wdl,amuh .egSuls.1ia;@SFjhg idOqFjh,ndoSu ne?reuz wNsfhda.hla jYfhka olajhs.ia;@S mCIhg wd.usl mejsoao ,ndoSu ksid mYapd;a ld,Skj th iudc mrsjrA;khla yg.ekSugo fya;N~; jsh.fuznejz NsCIqKS ixia:dj we;slr fkdfnda l,lskau .egZMj,g uqyqK oSfukau meyeos,sfjz.2

wm@udK yd wOslf,i l< wdhdpkhlska miq mejsoao ,nd |=kako iudcfhka NsCIqKSkayg Wreu jQfha fydZo ms<s.ekSula fkdfjz.fndfydajsg NsCIqKSkag NsCIqkaf.a fydr wUqjka f,i wmuK .rANd lsrSuzj,go md;@jsh.3NsCIqkag ,wenk ksoyi ,nd fkdoS wehg wIaG .reOrAu kdufhka wrA: oelafjk idudkH NsCIqjskhg jH;sfrAljqkq oevs kS;srS;s jHjia:dud,djla hg;g fhduqlrjd mejsoao ,ndoS ;snshoS;a fumrsos iudcfhka wehg wmuK kskaod .eryquz ,nkakg is|=jQjdkuz NsCIqKSkayg wIaG .re OrAu fkdmekjQ miqnsul meKjq YsCIdmo lvjSu fjkqfjka wehg .rANd lrkjdg ovqjuz lrkjdg jvd jeros is|=jk wjia:dj,oS tu jro ldreKslj fmkajdoSu uZ.ska wehj hyuZ.g .ekSfuz jvd jevs bvlvla ta uZ.ska ksrAudKh jkjdfkao hk lreK ia;@SjdoSyq wjOdrKh lrk lreKls.ta ksidu wIaG .reOrAu meKjSu ksIaM, njo Tjqyq olaj;s.

ia;@SjdoSka ldka;d msrsus jYfhka iudch fnod Nskak lruska .egZMj,g jsiZ|=uz fidhkafka oekqu fldgia j,g lvd ta;,ska flaj, ixl,amSh idrA:lFjhla oelSug wOsldruh pska;kh Tiafia ish udkislFjh ta;< yeisrjSug ukdj mqre|=mqyqKq l<djQ tfiau ngysr hqfojz fmdf;ia;ka;@ b.ekajSuz u; mokuzjQ ia;@SjdoS pska;khg wkq.;j ta;, isgf.k fn#oaO b.ekajSuz jsYaf,aIkh lrkakg W;aiyfldg tfial< fkdyelsjQ wjudkh uld .ekSughs.jsfYaIfhkau ngysr ishZMu oekqu ksrAudKh jS ;sfnkqfha ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh flJ|@fldg f.khs.fuz hgf;a Tjqkaf.a oekquz moaO;sh f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a tu oekqu Wlyd.kakdg is;Sug lsis|= bvlvla ,nd fkdfokakdjQ udkisl ixorANhla ksrAudKh lr.ksusks.

1 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh bka|@dKs fmfrArd" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 119-134 msgq' 2 tu 1-12 msgq' 3 tu 102-115 msgq'

ta;, nqoaOs jsIhsl lreKq NdjjsIhsl lreKq .Kd;aul lreKq hkqfjka oekqu fldgiaj,g lvuska yodrkjd jskd th moaO;shla f,i f.k yeoErSula is|= lsrSug ;ruzz Tjqkaf.a ksrAudKjdoS wOHdmk ixl,am m@n, fkdjk nejsks.th Wmudjlska olajf;d;a usksfil .ek wOHhkh lsrSug ta usksidf.a YrSrdjhj fjkafldg ta tla tlla mdid wOHhkh lsrSu ngysr ksrAudKjdoS wOHdmk iudkfldg olaj;yelsh.kuq;a fn#oaO pska;kh;, iuia;h tajQ wdldrfhkau wOHhkh lsrSug ;ruz oshqKq wOHdmk ixl,am mej;kqnj ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,am uZ.ska m@lgfjz.

nq|=r|=ka m@dfhda.slj NsCIqKSkag iudcfhka we;sjkakdjQ n,mEu l,a;shd oek oel we;.iudcfhka fndre fpdaokd t,a,jSu NsCIq NsCIqKSka w;r fkdukd inZo;d we;sjSu NsCIQka fmd<Ujd .ekSug W;aiy oerSu jeks lreKq ksid kS;srS;s oud fomsrsiu wdrCId jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu idOdrKh.bkaoshd fjz b;d blaukska NsCIqKS ixia:dj msrsyqks.,xldfjz tfldf<diajk ishji f;la fuh mej;ks.1 nqreufha b;d iqZM ld,hls.;dhs,ka;fha f;dr;re we;af;au ke; m@n, uydhdk NsCIqKS ixia:djla .ek pSkfha cmdkfha fldrshdfjz jeks rgj,ska jdrA;dfjz.uydhdk rgj, mejf;k NsCIqKS ixia:djka wmg ms<s.; fkdyelafla tajdfha ryfia wUqieushka f,i yeisrSu muKla fkdj bkq;a Tnzng .shdjQ |+ orejka ,en l@uj;a wdldrhg m@isoaOsfha jsjdy cSjs; .;lsrSfuz ksoyi mjd mejsos mCIh i; uQ<sl udkj whs;sjdislula f,i;a thg jskfhka lsis|= ndOdjla fkdue;s f,i;a jskfhka Bg wjYH jsOsjsOdk i<iajd we;s f,i;a trfgys idudkH uyck;dj i<lk nejsks.fujeks rgj, ta ta ksldhslhka mejsoao ,nd fokafkao ;ukaf.au orejkag muKs.ta ;ukaf.a ksldh fkdkeiS /l .ekSu iZoydh.tjeks wmlSrA;su;a miqnsula we;s jsfoaYSh uydhdk nq|=iufhys wdNdIh we;sj, furfgys uykdhl f;reka jykafia,d ishZM fokdf.au oevs jsfrdaO;djh uOHfha uOHia: woyia ork jevsfokdf.a fkdleue;af;ka lSm fofklf.a TZzkE tmdlu u; ta iZoyd ,laosj f:arjdo nq|= iuh jskdY uqLh lrdhjkakg ryfia msUqrem;a wZosk lf;da,sl m,a,sfha wkq.@yh u; l@shd;aul jk rdcH fkdjk iud.uz yryd ,efnk jsfoaYSh uqo,a fvd,rA usgsj,g jiZ.j furgg wdkhkh lrkakg udkn,k uydhdk NsCIqKS ixia:dj ,xldjjeks iqmsrsis|= f:arjdoS nq|= oyu l@shd;aul jk rglg lsisfia;a fkd.e<fmhs.

vfny nFtfey h[xfyx k=wA sAmen`rvr[nx nFtfk[w>vfx,v[lf dHw<vmZ dfy dHw<vmZ aAdfy pNvyf.2smhr avsTAvldF v[wfhfxf BfOS<nvhneslA smAjvferADf a[t[mZ k&fyAvn kLvfx b&h`mdNwyv[nf dHw<vmZ pNvn<l[ebZ.3emy kyxvwA mnsx d[enn dHw<vmkf.mfnfs<n` p&tfmAn hA Dr~mtA gr[krn eht=vk` a[t.mfnfs<n` hftnen emZ Dr~mtA an<v h[sfrFm mfnfsAeg` svABAvfk h[sfrFmbvyf.kAlyk`t=L Dr~mtAv nx an<v h[sfermfnsfxf mfnfs<n`x ov<n`eg jFvftey evn kLenAh[kf a^gbvx Dr~mtA prfvr~tny vnen`y.4ymZkfsfedyk tmnx svBAvfk edykbvx pt`vF svkFy jFvftey a^gyk`v> vfx,Ey sfz\kfrFm sHdhA pArfetASN ehA dHw<vmZ avVYvnen n[t.5

Dm%tA s{msmAjykm epAz\evZ dk`nxl[ebZ.E`vA Ek`Ek smAjyk pvt`nA andmx vwA evns vfdfhkx tvt smAjykdF dkfn`nx p<HPvn.EmnfsA Dr~mtA ehvt p&tfmAn

1 ldka;dj iy nq|=iuh bJ|@sKs fmfrArd" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" tu 55-98 msgq' 2 u' md' 1" nq' c' uq' 208 msgqj' wkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqjwkqcdkdus NslaLfjz idufKardkx budks oi islaLdmodks bfuiqj idufKafrAysidufKafrAysidufKafrAysidufKafrAys islaLs;`xislaLs;`xislaLs;`xislaLs;`x 3 iuka; mdidosld 1" fyajdjs;drK uq|@K" 168-179 msgqj' 4 wOHdmk ufkdjsoHdj" ixia' csf;aJ|@ ufaydka" mr's iajrAKd jsfcA;`x." wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j" n;a;ruq,a," 1996" 262 msgqj' 5 ,ud wdl,am ixjrAOkh" foudmsh .`re ldrAhNdrh" fm@aud l`v,s.u" iSudiys; oSmdks uq|@K m@ldYkh" kqf.af.dv" 2000'

klfnklx evnsvFmx BAjnyevZ.(tr[N tr[Nfyn`eg ymZ ymZ kAlvl a[tfvn h[sfrFm udAhrN vVeyn gth[kfy.)1

smAjyk` eds blnvfxdF smAjjFvfty gtkfrFm sHdhA Dr~mtA ektrmZ v[dgt vnvAd[yf p[h[dflfevZ.Dr~mtA ehvt Dr~mtA enAtfebnnx smAjyk` pvt`vAgnyAm aphs<evyf.nm<t apx emZ kArNy EtrmZ enAv[xeh.Dm%tA ehvt p&tfmAn kfyA ekAxsk pvtfnvAd[yf kfyA vt enAsfet`.Ix eh`t=v emZ Dm%tA ehvt p&tfmAnvlx ap h<r[p<r[z\vF E`vA apeg jFvftvlx jFr~NvF kA v[dF a[tf nfsAy.2

smhrvfxk emZ Dm%tA atr prmAdr~VF Dm%tA hA yTAr~T Dm%tA dknx p<HPvn.eevreyn eevry enAsnsfeHd,yn<prmAdr~VF yTAr~TDm%tAvykf.p&tfmAnykf.nm<t apf aep sAmAnY jFvfteydF apx ymZkfsf akxy<ttk kLekenk=x Ekx Ek krnnx ut`shkrnenm<.Ees ut`shkLt prmAdr~VFp&tfmAn yk h[xfyx emy kv<r[t pfLfgn`nA edykf.smAjyeds bln vfx Dm%tA ehvt p&tmAnvl tvt p[t`tk dk`nxl[ebZ.EnmZ smhr Dm%tA agykrn< lbmfn` E` atrm E` Dm%tAvlx p&tfmAnvlx Eerhfv kxy<t=kfrFemZ rxAvkd dk`nx tfbFmyf. udAhrN yk` vVeyn` mt`p[n`bFemn v[LkFm ebUdD Dm%tAvyk`vVeyn` pfLfgnnA Ekkf.nm<t` b<z\dhm aArOSAkfrFmx vYvsTAevn b[HdFa[tff rxk s{m rjyk mHgfn`m mtp[n` nfSpAdnyx an<bl dFmk`d eker~.

rjey an<m[tfy enAm[tfv nfSpAdnykrn< lbn nFtfvferADfy[yf hHz\n`vn< lbn mt`p[n uvz\rk h[xfyx slkA m[wp[v[t`vFmxd kxy<t=kryf.p&tfmAn pfLfbHdv emt[ndF g[xHPvk pvtF. smAjyk p<dglyn`vfsfn` pfLfp[dfyy<t= ehA` enApfLfp[dfyy<t= ehA` nFtfrFtf vYvsTA sfrft vfrft` th^cf dHw<vmZ an<sAsnA aAdfy smAjk&fyAdAmyt=L nfsfprfdf k&fyAvx enAn[eHg`nmZ E`vAmt pfhfxA enAsfxFnmZ Evn smAjy bfHdv[exZ.smAj vY<heyhf smZmtyx blp[v[t`evn hrpdDtfyt=L m<l b[sgt` cr~yAmy lOSN pfLfgt` p&tfmAn ehvt Dm%tAels s[lek`.3

emhfdF ap sAkcZCAkrn< lbn`en` kAlAms>t&eyn` ehlfvn ebUdD sArDm% hA iht dk`vn ld ‘p&tfmAn(Norms)’atr pvtfn sbHdtAvey svr{py pfLfbHdvyf4.kAlAm s>t&eyhf vfvrNy vn smAj p&tfmAny vnAhF Ehf d[kevn smAj sdAcAr p&Qptfyyf.emZ v>klF p^cVFl p&tfpdAvmb[vZ 3vn prfcZeC~dey sAkcZCAvx lk`vfnf.(3 prfcZeC~dy bln`n) Em prfcZeC~dey sAkcZCAvx bHz\n`v> prfdf p^cVFl p&tfpdAv s<rOSftvFm pfNfs aADYAt`mfk sArDm%s^klpv> aelA`B,aedA`s hA aemAh yn sArDm% s^klpt&ft`vy udvZv>bv d[k`vfnf.5

1 kqU kdvka foajodis" uq;`uqo,df.a kYaYxl" isZZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U" 06' 03'2005" 24 msgqj' 2 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; l`udr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U" 1997" 132-140 msgq' 3 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; ludr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 1997"135 msgqj' 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhxw,qoafOda mkdhxw,qoafOda mkdhxw,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dudld,dudld,dudld,dud mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d ….w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da…..wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;siudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;siudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;siudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s 5 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda …wfodafidawfodafidawfodafidawfodafida….wfudafydawfudafydawfudafydawfudafyda….mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAWmamcAWmamcAWmamcA C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;C;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;

emm sArDm% s^klpt&ft`vy hxgn<lbn`en itAm s>Osm sArDm% s^klpyn` strkv> emttA, kr[NA,m<dftA hA uepk`KA yn sArDr~mFy s^klpyn` str pdnmZekAx bv vfstr ekrfnf.1emes aDYAtmfk sArDm% s^vD%nykrn nAv> p<dglyA aADYAt`mfk hA bAhfr vVeyn s[nsFmZvg% strk lbnbv kAlAm s>t&eyhf vfstr ekrfnf.EnmZ,2

1.prelAvk tfebZnmZ,prelAvdF yhpt uptk` lbenmf yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.3

2.prelAvk n[tfnmZ,emZ aAt`myhf s<ves vfsfmf yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.4

3.pvZkLAh<x vfpAkednmZ,mAvfsfn` EbHz\ pvZ enAkrnldF yn<evn emelAvdFm lbn s[nsFm.5

4.pvZkLAh<x vfpAk enAednmZ,mAvfsfn` EbHz\ pvZ enAkrnldF yn<evn emelAvdFm lbns[nsFm.6 cft`tVAn`tfy ehvt s[nsFmyn< p<dgleyk= tm jFvnp[v[t`m nfrr~b<dv nfrr~b<dv gtkfrFm eht=evn bAhfr smAjy hA p<dglyA atr pvtfn smAjmy smZm<tfy enAbfHd aArOSAkfrFm atYvVY kArNykf.smAj smZm<tfy ehvt` smAj sdAcAr p&Qptfy kwkrnnAv> p<dglyAevt smAjeyn enAeyk bADAvn` Ellvfyh[kf b[vfn` EvfxEm p<dglyAeg` jFvftyd Eyfn` enAeyk ar~b<dshft evZ.

smAjyk` yn< p<dglyfn` sm>hykf.7ov<n EkfenkA tmtmn p<dglfkjFvft gtkrn atrm smAjey k=wAm smAjE`kkyvn pv<lek`$z&ekAx egAwnHgA gt smAj h[sfrFmkd Ek Ek` p<dglyA vfSeyhf dknxl[ebZ.8smAjey k=wAm smAj E`kky vn pv<l s^sTAv nfrr~b<dv p[vt`m sHdhA eht=evyf.pv<l s^sTAvt=L nfr~bADFyjFvfkAv pfNfs ivhlvn p^cvfD v> p&tfpt`tFn`egn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv s[z\mZlded evyf.p^cVFl p&tfpdAvt=L an`tr~gtv> p&AN GAteyn` v[LkFmt=lfn ar~Tvt` vnen smAjyt=L evesn aenk=t sAmAjfkyn`eg jFvtvFemZ a[tf ayftfy ov<n`x lbAdFmyf.

emm anYyneg hfrfh[r vDb$Dnvlx lk`enAvF tm jFvnp[v[t`m s<vdAyfk kAyfk hA mAnsfk prfsryk`t=L gtkfrfemZ ayfftfy ov<n`hx lbAdFm pLm< VfOSAdpdeyn` aT%vteker~.9 ekenk= emes tmk&fyA pxfpAxfy skskrg[nFmxnmZ EbHz\ p<dgleyk=eg 1 tu iiii fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNfLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNfLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNfLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda scAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda scAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda scAfCOda js.;NHdmdfoda wiuzuQMafyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaim;siaim;siaim;siai f;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fmf;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjWoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjWoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjWoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak ka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak ka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak ka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 2 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx wfjzzr ps;af;daa tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;daps;af;daps;af;daps;af;da tjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrdtjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrdtjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrdtjx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s a wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s a wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s a wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s 3 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaodfNaodfNaodfNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;smruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 4 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk lg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk lg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk lg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGk OuzfuzOuzfuzOuzfuzOuzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;swfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 5 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk uxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk uxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk uxifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux mdmx luzux mdmx luzux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;sl`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;sl`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;sl`f;da |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 6 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;sifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;sp;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs;f;da fyda;s 7 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 8 A. iudc jsoHdfjz uQ<Ou!"kkaofiak r;akmd,"iSudiys; f,alayjqia bkafjiagzukagz iud.u"fld<U"1986' B.oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25'03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 9 wuzud wmamd ke;s uqje;a;s"iqOrAud chiQrsh"oskusK fikiqrdod"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03'2005" 19 msgqj'

aADYAt`mfk s^vry itAm vfVfSX tt`vykx s^vD%ny krg[nFm avVYy.eevrsftfvflft=lfn GAtnykfrfmZ hA vD b$Dnvlx p[mfNvFmZ sfz\eker~.avYApAd sftfvflft=lfn` eemt&fy ehvt mft=r[bv vD%ny eker~. mft=r[bv mft&t`vy thv<r[v<n smAj smZb$DtA pdDtfykdF Et=L vAsy krn mAnv p&jAveg m>Lfk mfnfs ayftfvAskmZ phmt p^cVFl p&tfpdAevn nfr~edVft sdAcAr Dm%tA ph aArOSAevZ.

kAlAm s>t&eyhfdF elA`By n[m[tf ak=slm>ly eh`t=ekAxegn sdAcAr KNwnyt` EmHgfn smAj p&tfmAn rAm<vvn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv bfHdv[exn ay<r[ epnvA a[t`et emZ ay<rfnf.

‘kAlAmeynf,elA`Beyn y<k`tv> emZ p<r[S p<dgletm vnAhF elA`Byvfsfn` mwnAlded, hAtpsfn` vfnAVkrn sft a[t`et,st=rn mryf.esArkmZd kryf.prdArAvn krAd yyf.ebAr[d kfyyf.yemk=x dFr~GkAlyk ahft pfNfs z\k` pfNfs evZd,anYyAd E`b[vZ pfNfs smAdn` eker~d?’

elA`By vnAhF ak=slm>L t=enn Ek ak=sl m>Lykf.ak=sly yn< sfet s[nsFmkrA sft emehyvFemZ k=sltAvy rhftyn<yf.h[kfyAv rhftbv yn<yf.p&ANGAtyx,adt`tAdAnyx,kAm mfTYAcAryx ihtd[kv> v[rdf sterhf eyAm< krvFm yn kr[N< ps vnAhF ekenk=eg sfet s[nsFm n[tfkrlFmx eht=vn kr[Nk b[vfn` ak=slm>Lykfn` p&Bvv>vkf.1emyfn p[h[dflfvn`en ekenk= sdAcAr p&Qptfy vVeyn` s[lekn smAjp&tfmAny vVeyn s[lekn smAj p&tfmA ny ehvt p^cVFlp&tfpdAv kwkfrFmx ivhlvn>ey vfSm cftt s^klpyn`eg` blp{m bvyf. emhfdf vfSm s^klpy els blpA a[t`et elABy ehvt asFmft aAVAvyf.

an<neg jFvftvlx vwA d[wfels tmAeg jFvftyx aAVAkfrFmt tmAeg jFvfty pvt`vAegn yAm pfNfs an<neg jFvt`vFemZ a[tfayftfy E` sHdhA uz\rA g[nFmx eht=evyf.emZ p&NGAtyx eht=vyf.2m@dK >d;h ia:r follska hqla;h m<uqj wkHhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh fkd;ld yerSuhs. fyj;a wkHhkaf.a cSjs;j,g oevs wka;drhlr jkakdjQ l@shdj, ksr;jSuhs.fuz uZ.ska m@dK >d;h is|= jSug wjYH lrkakdjQ jgdmsgdj iuzmdokh flfrA.fojk ia:rh jkdyS iDcqju wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz ksoyi W|=rd oeuSuhs fulS fowxYh uZ.skau m@dK >d;h YsCIdmoh is|=fjz.

an<n st=vst=v eker~ d[wfelA`B sft`ipfdvFm an<nst=vst=v tmn`st=krg[nFmx eht=vyf.3 emy adt`tA dAnyyf.ehvt esArkmyf.4;ukaf.a csjs;h mj;ajd .ekSug iq|=iq fohla Wmhd.ekSu g ;uka jer jEhfuka l@shdfldg hula idOdrK f,i yuznl< hq;h.;ukaf.a csjs;h mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi wkqka jerjEhfuka yuznl<djQ fohla whqla;s iy.;f,i jxpdiy.;f,i widOdrK f,i W|=rd .ekSu w;sYhskau fkdukd fohls.iudc jsfrdaOs idyisl l@shdjls kS;sh uZ.ska fuhg oZvqjuz ,efnkjdg wu;rj ;ukaf.a yDo YdCIsfhkao oZvqjuz jsZoskakg is|=fjz.fujka jerosj, fhfokakkag csjs;fha lsis osfkl udkisl i;glska l,af.jsh fkdyel.ksrka;rfhka ;ud lrk,o jro fya;fjka ksrka;r mSvdjlska hq;j iudcfhys osjs f.jSug funZ|= mqoa.,hkag is|=fjz.

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' 377-343 msgq mdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s…. 4 tu woskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;swoskakuzms wdosh;s

;uka lrk ,o jrog iq|=iq oZvqju ksrka;rfhka ;udj ,qyqnZos;shs ielfhka l,af.jkakg is|=jSu ksid fuznZ|= mqoa.,fhda iudcfhys miqjkafka ksrka;rfhkau nsfhks ;udj lskuz fudfyd;l fyda yiqfj;shs oevs f,i nsfhka miqjSu ksid cSjs;fha lsis osfkl ysf;a i;fgka miqjsh yels fkdfjz. wkqka lrkq ,nkakdjQ fkdfhla jeros iZoydo ;udj iel lrkafkl njg m;ajSfuka ;j w;lska fmf<kafkl njg m;afjz.funZ|= flfkl mjik jpkh iudcfhys fndfyda fofkla fkdms<s.kakd ;ekg m;ajSu ksid iudcfhka fldkajSu ksrdhdifhka we;sfjz.jeo.;a Wiia W.;a iudchg fkd jeoaod.; hq; mqoal,fhl fldg ;elSu ksid cSjs;fha lsis osfkl fydZo wjjdo fydZo Wmfoia fkd ,nkafkl jS wjik b;du;a |=laLs;fhl jS w;sYh fLzockl urKhlg Wreuluz lshkafkl njg m;afjhs.

spr~VkAmy eker~ pmNik`mvA d[wfels gfj<vFm an<n` st= spr~V kAmmy vst+n ekern tmn kAms^tRptfy l[bFm sHdhA ekenk= eyAm<vFmx eht=kArNAvn s^sfdDfykf.emZ krNekAxegn d[wf elA`BF ecZtnA evn p<dgleyA` prdAresvny sfz\krtf.1mrodr fiajkh hk lreK ia:r follska hq;j l@shd;aul flfrA m<uq foh jkqfha fuz uZ.ska mjq,a ixia:dj i; jsOsu;a Ndjhg ydks is|= lsrSuhs fojk ia:rrh jkqfha wkshuska fyj;a jl@dldrfhka ta iZoyd Wojzfokafkl f,i l@shdlsrSuhs.fyj;a ta iZoyd wkshuzf,i bv m@ia:dj ,efnk mrsos ls@shdlsrSuhs. ke;fyd;a fjk;a whg ta iZoyd bv m@ia;djkdj ,efnk mrsos ;uka l@shdlsrSuhs.jvd;a mqZM,a mrsos mrodr fiajkh hk YsCIdmoh ms<snZoj idlpzPd l<fyd;a fulS ia:r fol ms<snZoju wjOdkh fhduql< hq;fjz .

d[wf elA`Beyn` y<t=v tmnkrnnAv> mfcZCAp[v[t`mn` an<n`egn sHgvA t[bFemZ uvmnAevn EvA tmn enAkLbv kFm eht=evn m<sAvAdy n[m[tf smAj p&tfmAny kwkfrFm sfz\ker~.2tmA krn vredhf brptlkm aw<vFmx, Ey sAmAnYkrNy kfrFmx anYynd tmAemnm emZ v[rdf sfz\krn ehyfn` emZvA v[rdf enAv uss nvFn smAjyp^tFn`x a[t=HPvFmx p&evZVyn`vn sAmAnY k&fyA b[vZ epn`vFmx ebAehAednA d[wfelA`B shgt cft`teyn` y<t=vk&fyA krtf.ov<n` E` sHdhA upk&myk`els BAvftAkrn< lbn`en an<nd tmnelsm v[rdfkfrFm sHdhA epLMvFmyf.3 emy v[rdfkrn ebAehA p<dglyn`eg s<vfeVSF crft lOSNykf.emelsvFmx eht=v,tmn vrdkekAx as<v>vt ar asvl ayt` emZ vrdmtmA krnen y[yf pvsA a[HgebZrA g[nFemZ mt=blAepAerAtt= shftv emAv<n emZ ay<rfn` an<nd tmAemnm v[rdf kfrFmx epALMvtf.emZ nfsA b<z\rz\n` kAlAm v[sfynx epn`vAedn< l[b<evZ p^cVFlp&tfpdAevn d[k` evn smAjp&tfmAn ps kwkfrFmx sRj<vm vfSm menAm>Lfk s^klpyk`v> elA`By eht=vn bvyf.4

in ant=r[v devZSy n[m[tf ak=slm>Ly eh`t=ekAxegn smAjp&tfmAn rAm<v els s[lekn p^cVFl p&tfpdAv kwvn ay<r[ kAlAm s>t&eydF kAlAm v[sfyn`x epnvAedn< l[b<evZ pht d[kevn prfdednf.5

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uqidms NK;suqidms NK;suqidms NK;suqidms NK;s 3 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 4 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafNda mqrsi mq.a.f,da wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhwys;dhwys;dhwys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; 5 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;

‘kAlAmeynf devZSeyn` y<k`tv> emZ p<r[Sp<dgletm vnAhF devZSyvfsfn` mwnAlded hAtpsfn` vfnAVkrn sft`a[t`et st=nmryf esArkmZd kryf prdArAvnkrAd yyf ebAr[dkfyyf yemk=x dFG%kAlyk` ahftpfNfs z\k`pfNfsevZd anYyAd E`b[vZ pfNfs smAdn`eker~d?’1

devZSy yn< ak=slm>L t&ftveyn edvn ak=slm>Lyyf2.elA`By emn`m devZSeyn`d sfz\evn< ey yTAr~Ty d[kgtenAh[kfvn prfdedn sftk[LMFmx pt` krlFmyf.devZSy g[xFmx h[pFmx t=w<ed.ap&fy amnAp ynlOSNeyn` hxgnF.ehAHd sArvt`edyk`v<vt` ap&fy amnAp elsfn BAr g[nFm devZSey lOSNyyf.Eesm ek&A`Dy,trhv,kfpFm v[nfaAGAtynx t=w<edn k&fyAvn ebAehAmykeg menAm>L vfSm s^klpy vn>ey devZSyyf.emhfdF m>Lfk smAj sdAcArp&Qptfy elsfn` s[lekn p^cVFly smAj p&tfmAnyk elsfn` kwkfrFmx lk`vn>ey emkF devZSy n[m[tf vfSmmenAm>L s^klpy eh`t=ekAx egnb[vZ kAlAms>t& eydF b<z\rz\n` kAlAmv[sfyn`x phdA edtf.3

an<neg jFvt`vFemZ a[tf ayftfy,tmAeg jFvtvFemZa[tf ayftfy evn<evn` uz\rAgnen` devZSy m>Lfk vFemnf.emhfdF an<n`eg jFvt`vFemZ a[tf ayftfyx devZSkfrFmt` tmAeg jFvt`vFemZ a[tfayftfy x bADAvk` els Ey devZSeyny<t=v upklpnykfrFmt p&ANGAty n[m[tf pLm< smAjmy p&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx ivhlevZ.4

an<neg a[tf vst=v tmneg`a[tf nfr~Dn BAvyx sAepOSkekAx klpnAkfrFm nfsA devZSy phL evZ.an<n`st= vst=v tmnst=krg[nFemZ devZSshgt sft=vfllk` updfyf.esArkm n[m[tf edvn smAj p&tfmAny emZ ay<rfn` devZSy pAdkekAx egn p<dglyA atfn` bfHdd[emnbv kAlAm v[sfyn`x b<z\h< epnvAedtf.5

an<n tmAst=va[tf kAmsmZpt mHgfn DAr~mfkels kAms^tRptfy l[bFmt` anYyn tmneg k=x<mZB jFvfty nfrr~b<dv gtkfrFmt` tmAeg jFvfty hA jFvnp[v[tm hA ssHdAbln`nAv> p<dglyA an<n eker~ devZSeyn` m<LAvxpt`evyf.6Ees devZSeyn` m<LAvx pt`v> p<dglyA an<n`st= kAmsmZpt` ekern tmA kAms^tRptfy l[bFmx eyAm<evyf.7an<n`eg k=x<mZBs^sTAvx devZSshgt sftfn` y<t=v eddrAy[vFmx sftAmtAm kxy<t= kryf.emZay<rfn` devZSy pAdkekAx egn a[t[mZ p<dgleyA` kAm 8mfTYAcAry n[m[tf edvn smAj p&tfmAny kwkfrFmx epLeMn bv b<z\h< vdArtf.9

1 tu |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud fodafida mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s nka;s nka;s nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;swys;dh |=laLhd;s 2 tu 3 tu 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' mdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;smdKuzms yka;s 5 tu woskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;s 6 ksisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd" uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U"22' 03' 2005' 25 msgqj' 7 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005' 3 msgqj' 8 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 9 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq'

an<nvfSeyhf ihtkF v[rdfkrnnAv> p<dglyA atfn` smAj p&tfmAn t=nk bfHdd[emyf.smAj p&tfmAn bfHddmn`nAv> p<dglyA ekerhf smAjy andr els k&fyA kryf.oh<eg` sAmAjfk ayftfvA sfkmZ oh<x ahfmfkrn< lbyf. emZeht=evn bfyx hA k[LMFmx pt`vn vrdkArF t[n[tetA devZSeyn`y<t=v tmn Ebn`dkkeL n[t[yf astYy pvstf.Em p<dgleyA` astYy vcny mHgfn an<n` rvxn`en devZS shgt ecZtnAv eprd[rf kregny. emZmHgfn strvn smAj p&tfmAn kwkfrFmv> m<sAvAdy ehvt ebAr[kFm nm[tf sdAcArvferADf k&fyAv sfz\ eker~.

emZay<rfn p&ANGAty,adt`tAdAny,kAmmfTYAcAry1 hA m<sAvAdy ynstrv[d{r[mZ smAj p&tfmAnyn bfHdfn`nAv> kwkrnnAv> p<dgleyA` an<n` smAj p&tfmAn aArOSAkr s[ptx hA kFr~tfyx pt`vFmt tmn` smAjp&tfmAn kwekAx z\kx nfn`dAvx pt`vFmt devZSeyn y<t=v emenhfekAx an<neg sft`d z|SY ekAx ov<n` lbn`nAv> s[ptfn hA kFr~tfeyn ov<n pfrfhFmx pt`krvFmx devZS shgtv sftA s[ls<mZ shgtv upk&mVFlFv an<nd tmA krnnAv> smAj p&tfmAn bfHdd[mFemZ k&fyAvlfyx Ek`kr g[nFmx hA EvAeyhfm nfrtkrvFmx ut`sAh drtf.evr drtf.2epALMvn`nA p&tfvfr[dD lf^gfkeyk=nmZ epALMvn< lbn p<dglyAeg` VR^gArAtmk h[HgFmZ k=HPgnvA3ehA emkF epLMvFemZ k&fyAvlfy sAr~Tk krg[nFmx ov<h< ut`sh drtf.fuz iZoyd jpkh m@fhdackh .kakd ;eke;a;ka fyda ;eke;a;shka b;du;a ishquzf,i ta iZoyd wkqm@di rih lZM.kajk oajsFj(Double Meanind Words);@s;aj(Trible Meaning Words)yd nyqjsO wF:! we;s(Multiply Meaning Words)ryia ,sx.sl wdrdOkdjka iys; bZ.sj,ska msreKq f;areuz iys; jpkhka idudkH jpk iuZ.u wkawhg fkdf;afrk f,i ;ukag wjYH whyg muKla wre;a .ekafjk f,i jrskajr f;m,uska ;ukaf.a wNsudrA: idOkfhys,d ;;amrfj;s.sfy<mZels devZS shgt els kLs[ls<mZ t=lfn` an<nd tmAeg smAj p&tfmAn bfHdd[mFemZ s[ls<mZshgt k&fyAv lfyx ekAx<kr g[nFm ehA EeskfrFmx utshg[nFm sfz\krtf.4 emZmHgfn devZSy pAdkekAx egn psvn smAjp&tfmny bfHdd[mFmx smhrp<dgleyA iht sdhn aAkAreyn k&fyA krn bv kAlAm v[sfyn`x emZay<rfn b<z\h< p[h[dflfkredtf.5

ant=r[v b<z\h< emAhyn[m[tf t=nvn ak=slm>Ly eh`t=ekAxegn p&tfmAn rAm<v els s[lekn p^cVFlp&tfpdAv kwvn ay<r[ kAlAms>t&eyhfdF kAlA mv[sfyn`x epnvAedn< l[b<evZ phtd[kevn prfdednf.6

‘kAlAmeynf,emAheyny<k`tv> emZ p<r[Sp<dgletm vnAhF emAhyvfsfn` mwnAlded hAtpsfn` vfnAVkrn sft`a[t`et st=nd mryf.esArkmZd kryf.prdArAvn krAd yyf.ebAr[d kfyyf. yemk= x dFG% kAlyk ahftpfNfs z\k`pfNfs evZd anYyAd E`b[vZ pfNfs smAdn` eker~d?’ 1 A. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' B.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh"j;ai,d tuz'fldvsldr"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"97-129msgq' 2 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005' 3 msgqj' 3 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03'2005"24 msgqj' 4 tu 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' |=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fmq.a.f,da fmq.a.f,da fmq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s odafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s odafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s odafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yk;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;suqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;suqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;suqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 6 tu ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd ;x lsxuZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhfyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhfyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dhfyda;s oS>r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s

emAhy yn< ak=slm>Lt=enn etvn hA avsAn ak=slm>Lyyf.1emA`hymHgfn` stYy v[sFyAm sfz\evZ.ess<ak=slm>L edkvn elAByx hA devZSyx eh`t=kArNAvnen`d emAhy eht=evn n<vN m<vhvFmyf.emy itAmsfy<mZ ak=slm<Lykf.Eb[vfn` emm k=slm>Ly k&fyAtmkvFemn sfz\kr n`nAv> smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFmZ nfv[rdfv hHz\nAg[nFmx aphs<y.sft ymZkfsf dRSXfshgtedyk ELMg[nFm sfz\vn>eyd emA`hyn[m[tf mAnsfkaAvRtbv a[tfkrn menAm>Lfk Dm%tAvy nffsAy.

jrA;udk ld,fhys cSj;ajk udkjhd osfkka osk wd;audrA:lduS nfjka wka;hgu hkq olakg ,efnz';ukaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh ,nd.ekSu msKsi wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh W,a,x>kh

krnnAv>p<dgleyA` Ek&fyAv sADArNFykrNykfrFm pfnfs vfvfD mtvAdyneg s^klpyn`eg` aAgmfk hA dr~VnvAdyneg` pfhfxpttf.2rs tRSNAv s^sfHdvFmpfNfst` tmAeg jFvt`vFmx avVYaAhAry lbA g[nFm pfNfst` m<slfmZ BktfkeyA‘hlAl’n[m[tfk&myx krn s#vGAtny an<mtkrtf.s#v GAtny hf^sAkArFk&fyAvkbv m<slfmZdhemZ epn`vAdFtfb<Nt` pVcAt`kAlFnv ov<n` vfsfn`m aAgmfk s^klpvlx rf^gvAgn`nAld ov<n`eg`k&fyAvn` an<mt krvAgnnA lddAv> ymZymZ s^klp hA a#T%kTn aADAr kregn ov<h< s#v GAtny EktrA vtpfLfevt pfrFm kfn ant=r[vsfz\kfrFm pfLfgnftf.hf$z\Dm%eyd b&h`myA evn<evn krnnAv> yAgsHdhA dsdhsgN nk st=nmrAkrn bflfp>jA aAgmfk kxy<t`tkes EdA BArtFy smAjyvfsfn` s[lkfnf.GAtny pfNfs eyAdAgnnA s#vvg%y mt emkF yAg egAemZD ehA aVvemZD nmfn` aAgmfk g&$Tvl h[Hdfn`vfnf.EpmNk` enAv p<r[SemZD nmfn h[Hdfnevn mfnfs<n` itAvf VAl s^KYAvk` mrAkrn nAv> dr[N<gNey bflfp<jAvn` pvA ov<n`eg aAgmfk g&$Tvl svr~ggAmFvFm pfNfskLy<t=v> pfn`kmZelsx hHz\n`vAdFtfbfNf.3

emZvAx vfr[dDv EdA jFvmAnv v[wsfxf b<z\rz\n` kLAv> mtvAdFmy argly pfLfbHd p<vt` epL dhmt=L itAvfVAlels an`tr~gtevZ.un`vhnes b<z\vFmx epr sfdDAT%tv<sv sfxfnAvsTAevhf pvA iht dkvnld mZelcZC GAtnvlx vfr[dDv k&fyAkLesk.evZdnfymy an<v vfsAlA mh n<vr aslv>edvAleyhf bfmZbfsAr rj<x aAVfr~vAdptA sfz\krnnx nfymv p[vtf embHz\ mZelcZC yAgyk` ebA`Dfs#vyn`vhnes eg m[dfht`vFm eht=ekAxegn nvtAd[mFmx sfz\vFm emyx Ek` nfds<nkf.4BArdvAj bm<NA smHg kL mtvAdFmy arglyd Eyfn` s<p&kx tvt nfds<nkf.emZ ay<rfn mtvAdFmy kr[Nk ehA dRSXfmy kr[Nk ek$z& ekAxegn smAjp&tfmAnyn atr pLm<evnf p&tfmAnyvn p&ANGAty sfz\kfrFm emAhyn[m[tf ak=slm>Ly eh`t=ekAxegn sfz\ vnnAv> edyk`els pfLfg[en.5emAhyyn< vfSm menAm>L s^klpykf. Ey ek`$z&kregn Ey pdnmZkregn pLm<v[nf smAjp&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx p<dgleyk= eyAm<vFemZ s^sfdDfy kAlAm s>t&eyhf mnAv idfrfpt`ekAx tfebZ.

1 tu 2 oS' ks' 1 iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 96 msgqj' kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg kF:s uydrdc oskakx kF:s hzgzGx kF:s yq;x kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda kF:s whx f,daflda kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s ud;d kF:s ms;d kF:s iF:d Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mriF:d Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mriF:d Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mriF:d Tzmmd;sld kF:s f,dfl iuK n@yauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dalx mrxp xp xp xp f,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;sf,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;sf,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;sf,dalx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s 3 ;@smsglfhys ixialD;sl ,CIK" ;,,af,a Ouzudkkao ysus"iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1980"105-116 msgq' 4 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"n<kaf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus"iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h" fld<U"1986"37-38 msgq' 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiuq<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;smq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s….

an<nst= edpLhfmfkmZ pfLfbHd mtvAdy dRSXfshgtv sftAbln a[t[mZednA ov<n EkFedpL hrfhmZbkrtfebn<ey ay<t=shgtels ay<k`tfshgtels asADArNels z\ppt`(nfr~Dn)jntAv s>rAkA ov<neg lABy atfrfk`tykekAx V&ms>rAk{m mHgfn at`ptkrgnnAld ecUrv> Dnyk bvt` E`nfsA E`Dny kfsfymZ k&mykfnlbAg[nFm sADArNFkrNyekAx EvA tmneg ehA an<n` eg p&eyA`jnypfNfs esArkmZkLAx vrdkn[t[yf upklpnyekAx esArkemZnfrtvFm emA`hy n[m[tf vfSmcftt s^klpy eht=ekAxegn aAvrNyv> mnsfn edvn smAjp&tfmAny kwkfrFm v> adt`tAdAneyhf eydFmnmZevZ.1 ebAehAvfx ov<n esArkmZkrgnnAld Dny z\ppt`jnyAx ebdAdfyh[kfy.gfln<n`sHdhA aAerAgYVAlA anATnfvAs v[wfhfxfnfvAs p<nr[tTApn mDYsTAn BAvnAmDYsTAn aAgmfksTAn egAwn[^vFmsHdhA v[ykrn<dkfn ebAehAjnyAd ov<n`eg Em k&fyA an<mtkrnvA vfyh[kfyf.emyfn` Em esArkm krn<lbnp<dglyn`x tvtvt an<bll[bFmx ov<neg` k&fyAvn sAmAnY mhjntAv an<mtkr n<l[bFm eht=vkevZ.smhrvfx ov<n smAjy pFwnyx Eerhf vferADAklpFymt drnnnatr vFrtvykfn slkn<l[bFmxd sAmAnY mhjntA vevtfn` lbnnA v> emkF vfeVS s[lkfll aADArevZ.a[t[mZvfx ov<n` smAjp&tfmAnyk` bfHddmn< l[b<vt` ov<n`krn<lbn`en y<gey avVYtAvyn elsfnsLkA ov<n` smAjy vfsfn`m ehAHdp<dgl yn` els pfLfgn< l[bFmdd[kfyh[kfy.lk`dfv nfdhslbn`nx epry<gey aDfrAjYvAdF pAlny<g p[vtfvkvAn<vldF z\r~dAntaANw<kArvr[ s[h[sfels emrxpAlnykL y<gvldF ihtkF aAkAr eyn kxy<t=kLAv> p<dglyn` pflfbHdvd emrx sAmAnYjntAv dkvAa[t`etd yxd[k`v> aAkAr ey s<bvAdF h[HgFmkf.ov<h< jntAvAdF p<dglyn` els sAmAnYjntAv sftnnx epLMF a[t.

kAlAm s>t&eydF b<z\rz\n` epnvAedn<ey emZaAkAreyn p<dgleyk` esArkmZ kfrFmyn edvn smAj p&tfmAny bfHdd[mFmx epLeMn`en emAhyn[m[tf vfSm menAm>L s^klpy eht=kregn bvyf.iht dk`vnld ay<rfn` tmnsfz\krnen v[rdk&fyAvkbv E`p<dglyApvA smAjypvA enA h[HdfnFmx eht=v emAhy itA sfy<mZ menAm<L Dm%tAvyk`b[vfnf.2Eb[vfn emAhy ek`$z&ekAx krnsmAj p&tfmAn bfHdd[mFmZ v[rdfels s[lkFmxpvA Eykrn p<dglyApmNk` enAvoh< vxA sfxfn anYeyAd aepAehAstevtf.nm<t` smAjp&tfmAn bfHdd[mFmx eh`t=vn b[vfn emAhy vfSmm>L s^klpyk` b[vZ thv<r[evZ.

anYyn tmAeg k=x<mZBs^rOSNykrmfn` nfr~bADfk pv<ljFvftyk` gtkfrFm ekerhf dRSXf shgtv ‘emAhy’yn vfSmmenAm>L s^klpeyn` mAnsfkaAvRt bvkfn` y<t=v s[lkFmnfsA tmnx hfmfenAvn kAmvst+nekerhf spr~VkAm s^tRptfyl[bFmx t[tkfrFm sfz\evZ.3emZmHgfn t=n`vn smAjp&tfmAny kw kfrFm kAmmfTYAcAry ehvt prdAresvny sfz\evZ.4smAjey k=wAm E`kky pv<lvn nfsAt Ey ek$z& ekAxegn smst smAjym p&tfnfr~mANyvF a[tfnfsAt` ymZ kfsf smAj pdDtfyk itA evZgeyn` pv<ln[m[tf smAjE`kky bfHdv[xFmkxt=w< ednennmZ Em smAjpdDtfyd itAsFG&eyn` bfHdv[xFmx t=w< edyf.5rxk sArDm%pfrfhFyAmx fukau rexhf smHgfy, sdAcAry pfrfhFyAmx p&DAntm eht=v emm pv<ln[m[tf smAjE`kky eddrAyAmyf.6

1 tu woskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;swoskakuzms yka;s 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$mqrsiiai wcACO;;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ 3ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03' 2005' 17 msgqj' 4 A.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh'j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U" 2000" 145-153 msgq' B. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 5 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhlg mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U" 22' 03' 2005" 25 msgqj' 6 tu

rgl idrOrAu iq/lSug tu rfgys fjfik l, ia;@Ska jsIfhys trg idudkH ck iudch olajk f.#rjKSh wdl,amh fya;jk nejs mejish yel.ldu us:Hdpdrh we;sjkafka fuu f.#rjKSh wdl,amh nsZo negSu ksid nj iudc jsoHdZ{fhda lreKq olaj;s'jcAjFn`eg` sptaprfhAnF Dm%setn` Ekkels d d[k`evnen kAmmfTYAcAreyn` v[LkFmyn kArNyxm aytvn‘k=lst&Fnekerhf mnAv pfLf p[dFm’yn kArNyyf.1emy vr~tmAney pvA eprdfgemnm bxhfrs^skRtfeyd Ehfs^skRtfk hryn m[nb[lFm sHdhA ymZkfsf nfr~NAykyk` elsd BAvftAkrn< l[ebZ.aAvRts^skRtfyk` pArmZprfk sArDm%pdDtffyk` a[t[yf s[lekn cFney gt v> vsrkFpyt=L Ekz\ st&Fz|SNyk`v t` vAr~tAvF n[tfbv p[ves.ebAehAvfx kAm mfTYAcAryx eht=vn emA`hyn[m[tf2 vfSm menA m<L s^klpy jntAveg mnsx a[t=HPvn p&DAntm k&myvn<ey n>tney vANfjY aADfptYy mHgfn` pAlnyvn nfdhs vfdY<t`mADY s^skRtfyb[vZ iDcqju p[vsfyh[kfy.3

kAmmfTYAcAryx eht=vnen` emAhy enAv elA`By b[vZ ekenk=x sftfy h[kfyf.nm<t` sfy<mZv prFOSAkrb[l>kL EyEesenAvnbv epen`.4esAtApn`n mAg% PllABF p<dglyA vfeVSeyn`m pspv< kfrFemhflA aBvYeyk`bv Dm%eyhfdkvA tfebZ.5emZpsv<vlx kAmmfTYAcAry ayt`y. esA`tApttf mAg%Pl lABfyA atfn` iht dkvnld ak=sly sfz\enAvFmx oh< p&hANykrnnAv> ak=slsft` kver~d[yf esAyA b[lfy y<t=y.DmZms^gNFp&krNey d[k`evnen esA`vAnmAg%eyn elA`Bm>lfk sft`aexn sft`strk hA emAhm>lsft`edekn Ekkyn sft`psp&hFn krnbvyf.emkF elA`B m>Lsft` htrxm vfeVSvn epAz\ lOSNynmZ E`sft` strm dfxZXfgt smZp&y<k`t vFmyf.6 emAhsft vfcfkfcZCA smZp&y<k`t vFmyf.dfxZXfy hA vfcfkfcZCAv hxg[enn<ey emAhy ek$z&kregn yf.esA`tApttfmAg%eyn` emA`hy svlpvVeyn` z\r[vn b[vfn E`eht=ekAxegn apAygAmFvFmx eht=vn kAmmfTYcAryt,E`kAmmfTYAcArey eydFmpfNfs p<dgl cfttsn`tAney hxgn`nAv> aDfkkAmAVAvt itA svlpvVeyn` ehA z\r[vFm sfz\vfyy<t=my.7

1 oS' ks' uydmrsksnzndK iq;a;" nq' c' uq'" 112-116 msgq' i wNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,dwNsKakx ikaksmd;d ikaksmd; nyq,d ii iu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d ikaksm;ka;s iu.a.d jqgzGyka;s iu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdka;siu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdka;siu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdka;siu.a.d jcAcs lrKShdks lfrdka;s iii wmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;swmZ[aZ[;a;x k mZ[aZ[fmka;s mZ[aZ[;a;x k iuqpzPsJoa;s iv fh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;sfh f; jcAcSkx uy,a,ld f; ilalfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;s v hd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;shd ;d l`,sF:sfhda l`, lursfhda ;d k Tlaliai mihay jdfika;s vi hdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fphdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fphdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fphdks ;dks jcAcSkx fp;shdks wnzNka;rdks fpj ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s j ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s j ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s j ndysrdks p ;dks ilalfrdka;s .relfrdka;s udfkka;s mQfcka;smQfcka;smQfcka;smQfcka;s vii wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d wrykaf;iq rlaLdjrK .`;a;sx iqixjsys;d 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud;x lsx uZ[afZ[: ld,dud fudfyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh fudfyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh fudfyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh fudfyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmmcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf;jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; 3 kqU kdvka fojodis"uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' uQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,duduQ<afyda mdkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da ….mrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;smrodruzms .pzP;s….hx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;xhx ix fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh wys;dh |=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s|=laLdhd;s 5 A i' ks' 11" mxpNhfjr iq;a;"nq' c' uq '108 msgqj' bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok bO .ym;s wrsidjfld nqoafO wfjpzpmamidfok iukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;siukakd.f;d fyd;s … Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok Ouzfu wfjpzpmamidfok …. ixf>ixf>ixf>ixf> wfjpzpmamidfok wfjpzpmamidfok wfjpzpmamidfok wfjpzpmamidfok …. wrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,yswrshldka; iSf,ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s iukakd.f;d fyd;s … bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s bfuys p;~ys fida;dm;a;s wxf.ys iukakd.f;d fyd;s B w' ks' 11" m;a;luzu iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 124 msgqj' l;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;sl;udp .ym;d iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d wrshidjfld mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d wrshidjfld mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d wrshidjfld mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod iS,iuzmod iS,iuzmod iS,iuzmod 6 wNsOu!pJ|@sldj"ud;r Y@S Ou!jxY ysus" Y@S Ou!jxY .kdkqiaurK ix.uh" ud;r"1956"9 msgqj' wgzGOd wgzGOd wgzGOd wgzGOd f,dN uQ,dksf,dN uQ,dksf,dN uQ,dksf,dN uQ,dks----fodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;sfodi uQ,dks p oajsOd fuday uQ,dlsp oafj;s----owjdoid l`i,d ishqxowjdoid l`i,d ishqxowjdoid l`i,d ishqxowjdoid l`i,d ishqx 7 tu'13 msgqj 1 WfmlaLd iy.; 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aelA`By yn sArDm% s^klpy pAdkekAxegn smhrp<dgleyA an<n` sn`tk vst=v hA edpL esArsftfn` mAeg` p&eyA`jnypfNfs enAgnfmfyf adfxn`ekAxegn an<nst= vst=evZ ayftfy pfLfbHd elA`BF ecZtnAv sftfn` ivt krgnftf.3emZmHgfn` ov<h< esArkmZ enAkfrFmyn edvn smAjp&tfmAny aArOSA krtf.an<n`vfsfn` itAz\kes hrfhmZbkL Dny ov<n`eg p&eyA`jnypfNfs pvtFvA y[yf emt` sh k=HPN< sftfn` krnemm aAtmprftYAgy v>klF aelA`B sArDm% s^klpy eprd[rfv sfz\kryf.4

anYyn ov<n`st= kAmvst+nekern DAr~mfk kAms^tRptfy lbt`vAyf an<n` vfSeyhf a[tf ayftfy ov<n`xm p&dAnykfrFmt anYyn`st= kAmvst+n`hf tRSNAkfrFm ath[rFmt5 aelA`By n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy eprd[rfkregn aArOSAvn t=n`vn smAjp&tfmAnyvn prdAr esvneyn v[LkFmyf.6kAm vst+n`hf a[tf atRptkr svBAvy krNekAxm ebAehAednA tmbfrfHd ehA` s[mfyAegn lbn DAr~mfk kAms^tRptfeyn` pmNk` s{hFmkx pt`enAevtf.7jsjy ixia:dfjka mrsndysrj ;u ldu mji ixisZ|=jd .ekSug fjr oerSu iudc iuzu;hla muKgu uqZM uy;a iudch fj,d me;sr hkakdjQ ms<sldjla njg m;aj we;.8

jsfYaIfhka mjq,a ixia:dj;, ujf.a yeisrSu yd wehf.a is;uz me;uz rgdj orejkaf.a yeisrSu yd is;uz me;uz rgdj ilia lsrSfuys,d jsfYaIfhka jeo.;a ldrAhNdrhla bgqlrknj wOHdmk ufkda jsoHdZ{hka mjd ms<sf.k we;s ldrKhls.mq;d mshdf.a fm#reIFj rgdj wkqlrKh lrkjd fiau oshKsh ujf.a ishZM yeisrSuz yd mqre|= wkqlrKh lrkakSh.mq;d fiiq ldka;djka 1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,du iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s fkj mdKx yka;s 2 tu w,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mq,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;srsiq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s 3 tu w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da w,qoafOda mkdhx mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da … k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 4 tu 5 tu k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k mrodrx .pzP;s 6 A.fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy iud.u" fld<U" 2000" 149 msgqj' B. ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq," tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 7 kqU kdvka foajodis uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 06' 03' 2005"24 msgqj' 8 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj'

w.hkq ,nk usuzu jkqfhao ish ujhs.fuz wkqj mjq,a ixia:dj;< ujf.a ldrAhNdrh b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhla w;am;a lrf.k isgS.kuq;a fuu ldrAhNdrh bgqlsrSug jrA;udk ldka;dj iu;a jkafkao hk .egZMj u;jkafka wehf.a w;ska tlS j.lSu .s,syS hdu fya;fjka Woa.; jkakdjQ iudc .egZMj,ska uqZM uy;a iudch wdl~< jHdl~< ;;ajhla f.k we;s nejsks.

fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh kue;s lD;sfhysoS j;ai,d tuz fldvsldr olajkafka ldka;dj jrAudkfhys fj<Zo iudch jsiska fufyhjkq ,nk fj<Zo WmlrKhl ;;ajhg uqo,a f,da,Fjh fya;fjka ish leue;af;kau m;ajSu ksid uq|= ldreKsl ud;D;ajh wNsnjd ldka;d foayfha udxYuh jsoydmEfuka jDoaOhkamjd oevsfia ldud;r lrjkakg jHdc yd uq.aO iu;aluz mEu;<ska weh ;ukaju yE,a,qlrf.k we;snjh.tfia kuz ujlf,i ia;@shg ;snQ m@;srEmh nsZo oukakg uq,ajS l@shdlr ;sfnkqfha mqreIhd fkdj uqo,g wiSus; f,da,Fjh olajkakjQ ;j;a ldka;djkau nj fuhska meyeos,s fjz.

mjq,l jqj;a fuz ;;ajh olakg ,efnz fndfydajsg ish NdrAhdjka yd oshKsjre kqiq|=iq YrSrh fmfkk js,dis;d lrkjdg oevsfia jsreoaO jkafka mshjrejka jkw;r ujzjreka lrkafka ta fkd|=gQ fkdweiQkaj fkd;ldyer ;ukaf.a iajdus mqreIhd wjjdo lrkafka ;uka ,iaikg isgskakg Tyq BrAIHdlrk ksid hehs Tyqg kskaod wmydi foia fodfjd,a ;shd neKjefouskau ;ukaf.a iudc ;;ajhg yd jhig fkd,e<fmk js,dis;d lrk w;ru ;ukaf.a oshKsjreo tjka wixjr js,dis;d lrkakg ;j;j;a fm<UjSuhs.fndafydajsg ;uka ;u oshKsjreka w;r ,dnd,jSug ;rZ.hl fhfokakdla fuka js,dis;d lrk Wiauy;ajQ oshKsjreka isgsk ujzjreka jrA;udk iudcfhys nyq,ju oel.; yelsh.fujka we;euz ujzjreka ysiflia fkdfhla jrAKhkaf.ka jrAKj;a lsrSu ysiflia whka lsrSu jeksfoa lruska iajdus mqreIhd b;d |=lfia yrsyuzn lrk ;ukaf.a |=jd orejkag jevs|=r wOHdmk lghq; msKsi wkd.;fhysoS jehlsrSu msksi b;relr ;enshhq; us<uqo,a jeks foa kslrefka jshmeyeouz lr;s'1

ishZMu kjSk jsoHd;aul oshqKqj oekqu yd ;dCIKh w;ska fmdfydi;a hehs wKfnr .ik kuq;a ta lsis;a myiqluz fkd;snQ Bkshd ldka;d jsuqla;sjdoSka jsiska ldka;dj jevjiuz iudcfha jy,shl f,i .;lf,a hehs fmkajdfokq ,nkakdjQ w;S; iudcfha jqj;a iduzm@odhsl uj w;ska bgqjQ hq;luz gslmjd jrA;udk f.da,ShlrK ixl,amiys; ldka;d jsuqla;slduS .DyKsh w;ska bgq fkdjkafka wehs$jrA;udk ldka;dj wehg Wreu iduzm@odhsl ujz mojsfhka neyerg f.dia lghq; lsrSug reps lrk ksido$ke;fyd;a mqreI mCIh iuZ. WfrkaWr .egS igka lsrSug ojfia ;ka;sia meh uqZM,af,a wjs wfudrdf.k igk nsug msjsi isgsk wehg ;udf.a iduzm@odhsl hq;luz gsl bgq lsrSug wjYH ld,h fkdue;sjSo$Husband & Boyfriend ( ieushd iy fmuzj;d ) hk ksoyia ngysr ixl,am wkqlrKh weh ,nkakdjQ Bkshd ldka;d jsuqla;sho$

;u nsrsZo fyda ieushd mjd ;udf.a ,sx.sl jy,shl fyda jyf,l fldg i,ld Tyqg fyda wehg ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka uy;a jOhla lrorhla ysrsyerhla jk muKgu wfkldf.a ldrAhnyq, nj ksosnrnj jsvdm;anj frda.S iajNdjh .rANkS Ndjh Timafjzokd fkd;ld oevsf,i wd;audrA: lduS wkaouska ,sx.sl ;Dma;sh ,nkakg;;u w;Dma;lrldumji ixisZ|=jd.ekSu iZoyd fjroerSuo lduus:Hdpdrfha jevsfokd fkdolsk ;j;a uqyqKqjrls.2lgquzN ixlrCIKfhys fhfok ieushd ;ka ;sia meh uqZM,af,a oyosh j.rjuska lrkakdjQ fufyh

1 fn#oaO ldka;djf.a iudc ldrAhNdrh" j;ai,d tuz' fldvsldr" tia' f.dvf.a iy iud.u" fld<U" 2000" 88-126 msgq' 2 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj'

weZ.hSug ,lafkdlrk nsrsZo Tyqf.ka fkd ,efnk wjOdkh yd ms<s.ekSu .egjrjsfha fl<sf,d,a fmuzjf;lf.ka ,nkakg ;e;alrk nsrsZoo ;u nsrsZof.ka ojfia lghq;j,ska jsvdm;ajk nsrsZof.ka fkd,efnk ldhsl yd udkisl WKqiu fhdjqkajsfhys kEUq,a fmuzj;shlf.ka ,nkakg ;e;a lrk ieushdo lhska tla;ekl fjfi;;a is;ska f.jkafka fjka fjkajQ cSjs;h.1jsjdyh hkq Tjqkaf.a wF:!l:kh wkqj yqfola f,dj rjgkq msKsi lrk jHdc ujd mEula muKs.lvodishl ;nk,o yq|= w;aika folla muKs.fofokdu fofokdf.au fujka ;;ajhka fydZoska oek oek;a .;lrkafka yqfola f,dlpdrs;@hla f,i muKla jQ jsjdyhls. fofokdu fofokdf.au wkshuz iuznJO;dj,g Wkqka ndOdfkdlr .ksuska jHdc iuZ.shlska hq;j cSj;afj;s.wkqka bosrsfhys w;sidrA:l f,i .;lrk nj ujdfmkajk kuq;a is;ska wmdhl cSj;ajk fujka jsjdycSjs; fldmuKkuz fuz iudcfhys ;sfnzo$lduh kuz y,dy< jsIhlauh.ta oek muK fkdblaujd ta miqmi yUd fkdh; hq;h.

pmN ik`mvA hA itAaVlFlels E` oses hMAyAmnfsA sfyehAHdnmx pvA k[l[l a[tfkr gnF.2sfy smAj ttvy pvAenAtkA tmn`xvwA pht n<s<z\s< p<dglyn` smHg pvA tfrVcFn aAkAreyn` kAmsmZeBAgeyhf nfrtkrvFmx eyA`gYels s#vyAeg` mns skskrvFmx kAm s^klpnAvnx h[kfyAv a[t.3tfukau ;ek fkd;ek fkdn,d fj,dj wfjz,dj fkdn,d lduhkag jiZ.jSu fya;fjka fndfyda fokd m@isoaOsfhau jeros yeisrSu lrd fhduqjkafka wkHhkaf.a oEia ;ud fj; fhduqjS ;sfnkjd hehs jegySula mjd fkdue;sjh.;ukaf.a orejka mjd ;uka fhfokakdjQ jeros yeisrSu ksid |=lg m;ajk nj;a jsfYaIfhkau lvd <orejkaf.a udkislFjh fuz ksid nsZo jefgk nj;a tnZ|= orejka ;u foujzmshkaf.a jeros ksid iudch yuqfjz jsjsO kskaod wmydij,g ,lajk nj;a fndfyda ujzjre l,amkd fkdlsrSu4 fya;fjka w;sW;uz ud;D;ajh mjd ks.rejk wjia:djlg jrA;udk iudch m;ajS we;snj oskm;d mqj;am;aj, ks;r ks;r m<jk iq,N mqj;aj,ska fmfka.

;u;uka ryfia Nla;s jsZoskakdjQ mjq,a ixia:dfjka mrsndysr ;ykuz fm@auhka ms<snZoj fujekaks hka ksrka;rfhka tlg tl;jS f;drf;daxpshla ke;sj fodvuZMjkakdjQ mdie,a yd <ore mdie,a5 wi, ;u orejka meusfKkf;la l,auruska isgskakdjQ ;ukaf.a lZMm. us;rshka iuZ. riuqiqlr mejiSuksid th js,dis;djla lr wkq.ukh lrkakg is;k tfukau fuf;la ;uka fkd,;a w,q;a w;aoelSula ;ukaf.a cSjs;hg tlalr .ekSug fuuZ.ska w,q;a wdYdjla we;slr .kakdjQ fydZo hym;a cSjs; .;lrk Wiia W.;a6 jeo.;a wh;a bfnzu jeros yeisrSu lrd fhduqjSfuz m@jK;djhla yd yels blaukska ms,shuz l<hq; jsYd, iudcuh wjodkula wo olakg ,efnz.7

/lshdjg hdfuz;a jsjsO iudcu h lgqh;j, ksr;jSfuz;a wjYH;djh ksid fudjqkaf.a ohdnr iajdusjrekag ksrka;rfhka fuz ishZM lghq; ms<snZoj ksrka;rfhka wjOdkfhka isgSug fkdyelsjSu fujeks yeisrSuzj, fhfok whg;a ta iZoyd fjk;a wh fmd<Uk whg;a uy;a /l,la jS ;sfnz.emZ sfyHP ed sfz\vn`en atRptf kr v> elA`By n[m[tf vfSm menAuQ<

1 ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq,"'tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 2 kqU kdvka foajodis" uq;`uqosf.a ksYaYxl" isZMusK brsod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 06' 03' 2005" 24 msgqj' 3 tu 4 ia;@S mqreI iudcNdjh yd mjq," tuz'cS' ukqrka;"wdrsh m@ldYlfhda"jrlfmd,"2004"88-90msgq' 5 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 6 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng" ;s,skd jSrisxy" l;sld ixjdo irKsh" oskusK fikiqrdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 19' 03' 2005" 17 msgqj' 7 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d" fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr" oskusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj'

s^klpy nfsAy.emhf aAdFnv klpnAkrn t[n[t`et aelABy n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy sfysfet` a[tf kregn kAm mfTYAcAreyn v[LkFmt=lfn` smAjey evesn s{m ednAxm nfrr~b<d smAjjFvftyk` gtkfrFemZ ayftfy ov<nx p<dkrn< lbn`en evyf.emyd EktrA ay<rkfn dAnyk` dFmk`evyf.EnmZ smAjey k=wAm smAj E`kkyvn pv<l E`kky evt nfrr~b<d vfvAh s^sTAvk` gtkfrFemZ avsTAv ov<n`x p&dAnykfrFmyf.1

an<n enA!vxFemZt` stYvcny mt pfhfxAsfx kxy<t=kfrFemZt an<ssvx hA gnnA p<dgleyA` aelA`By n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy ek`$z&gtekAxegn ebAr[kFemn v[LkFmyn smAjp&tfmAny aArOSA krtf.ebAr[ kFemnv[LkFemn tmnekerhf smAjey anayt=L vfVvAsyk` egAwn[eHg`.stYd[ng[nFemZ anYyn` st=ayftfvAsfkmZ ov<n`x p&dAnykfrFmk b[vfn` emyd dAnykf.2stYmt pfhfxA ymk yTAr~Ty avebA`DekAx E an<v kxy<t=frFemZ ayftfy hA vfvRt mnskfn kxy<t=kfrFemZ ayftfvAsfkm smAjey evesn anYynx lbAdFmt=lfn` m<sAvAdey n` v[LkFm yn smAj p&tfmAny s<!ek.

Eemnm iht dkvnld smAjp&tfmAn strvn st=n` enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm, prdArAvn krAenAy{m hA ebAr[enAkFm yn sfv<v[d{r[mZ smAj p&tfmAnyn` aArOSAkfrFmx anYynd epLMvFm psvn smAjp&tfmAny aArOSAkfrFm els s[Lek`.3aelA`B sArDm% s^klp nAv eprd[rfkregn smAj p&tfmAnyn` aArOSAkrnnAv> p<dglyn` ekerhf smAjy dk`vn DnAtmk p&tfcAry dkfn nvt ebAehAedenk ihtkF sdAcArsmZpnn p<dglyA an<gmnyx hA an<krNyx epLeMZ.4

emZ eht=evn EkF sdAcArsmZpn`n p<dglyA anfk`ayvfsfn` tmnvfsfn an<gmnykLy<t= p<dgleyk=els s[LkFmpvA EkF sdAcArsmZ pn`n p<dglyAeg` psvn smAj p&tfmAny(p^cVFl p&tfpdAevZ)s<r[kFmels s[lek`. ehvt emZeh`t=evn oh<atfn atfer~ksmAj p&tfmAnykvn p^cVFlp&tfpdA evZ psvn smAjp&tfmAny vn anYynd ihtkF smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFemhf lA epLMvFemZ smAjp&tfmAny oh<atfn` s<!ek. emyd smAjp&tfmAnykels s[leknen emZmHgfn` ebAehAedenk s<crftvAdFn`vFmx mAnsfkn[M<r[vk a[tfvn ehyfn sh Ees n[M<r[vFm t=lfn smst smAjeym sdAcArvD%nFy p&vNtAvyk` EmHgfn` epnn<mZkrn b[vfnf.smAjey sdAcArvD%ny DnAtmkp[t`tx sfz\vn kr[NkdF Eyx an<bl lbAedn`nAv> k&fyA hA Ehf k&fyAvn sfz\krnnAv> p<dglyn`d sdAcAr emehv<mZels s[lek.

b<z\n`vhnes kAlAm s>t&eydF kAlAm v[sfyn`x epn`vAedn ILHg sArDm% s^klpyvn adevZSy5 hA k=slm>ly mHgfn m>LfksmAjp&tfmAn m>LDm%ph aArOSAkrn aAkAry emesd[k`v> esk.adevZSy yn< vYApAd rhftbvyf.ehvt eemt&Fshgt aAklpyyf.eemt&fyyn sArDm% s^klpy eh`t=evn m>LfksmAjp& tfmAn m>LDm%ph aArOSAvn andm epn`vAz\n`en pht d[kevn aAkAreynf.6

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k k k k mrodrx .pzP;smrodrx .pzP;smrodrx .pzP;smrodrx .pzP;s 2 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 3 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' 5 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf;jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; 6 tu w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;dawmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s kkkk woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dhys;dhys;dhys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s

‘kAlAmeynf,devZVeyn enAa[l<NAv>,devZVeyn enAmvwnA lddAv>,vfnAV enAv> sft` a[t`tAv>,p<r[S p<dgletm st=n enAmryf.esArkmZ enAkryf.prdArAvnkrA enAyyf.ebAr[ enAkfyyf.ymk` oh<x ebAehAkAlyk m<HPlelhf hft s[p pfNfs evyfnmZ Ehf anYyAd smAdn` krvyfd?’1

emZ ay<rfn adevZSy ehvt eemt&fyyn menAm<L sArDm%s^klpy eht= kregn mn<SYy n` atfn pLm<vn smAjp&tfmAny vn prpNn[sFemn v[LkFm yn smAjp&Qptfy aArOSA evZ.2a[tetnm an<n vfnAVevZvA n[esvAyyf GAtncfn`tny ek$z&kregn prpNn[sFm hA anYyn vfSeyhf hf^sAv sfz\ vn<eyd emkF devZS cftty tmAevt EllekAx g[nFm nfsAy. ffu;@sh jevSfuysoS m<uqfldgu us;renj we;slr.; hq;f;a ;uka iuZ.uh'wd;au ysxikfhka je<lSu fuys wruqKhs'emZnfsA eemt&fy nm[tf sArDm% s^klpy smAjyevt oelajSug m@:u tmA eemt&fyp&tYOSekAx Ehf p&AeyA`gFk#vy at`d[k mYapd;ald,Skj iudch yd an<nvfSeyhf tmAeg i$z&fyyp&tYOSy t=lfn` l[b<vAv> eemt&fy fhduqlr h[rFmyf.3

emZ aAkAreyn tmneg jFvftyx tmAp&fykrn andmfn` anYyn`d ov<n` eg jFvftvlx p&fykrn bvt EnfsA ov<n`eg jFvtvFemZ ayftfy s<!kfyy<t=bvt` vxhAgnF.tmA hA an<nyn sFmAvd bfHddmA ILHg pfyvr t=LdF ehtm eemt&fy p&g=NkfrFm sHdhA avVYkrn m>Lfk awftAlm oh<atfn`d[emn<ey emZay<rfnf.wkHhkaf.a cSjs; jskdYlsrSfuka je<lSu muKla fkdj wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh iqrCIs; lsrSuo ;uka i; iudcuh j.lSfuys fldgilanj jgyd.ekSuo jeo.;ah.4fuh ;ukau m@;HCIlr .ekSu b;du wjYHh flfkl mjik ksid fyda wd.usl iuzm@odhhkays jsia;rjk ksid fyda fuz lreK tfiau hhs ms<s.ekSug jvd jeo.;a ldrKh kuz luk wd.ul luk fohla tlS w.usl b.ekajSuzz f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enqj;a ;ukaf.a yDo YdCIshg tlZ.j ukqIH cSjs;hl jgskdlu us<l< fkdyelsnj ;ukau ish m@;HCI oekqu wkqidrfhka wjfndaOlr .ekSu nq|=iuh miihs.ffu;@sh mdol lr.kakd,o osjs meje;au uZ.ska ishZM iFj m@cdj flfrys ys;j;anj yd Z[d;S;aj ixl,amh we;slr.kshs.5

f,dalfhys wd.usl ixl,amhka wkqj fuz ldrKh .;fyd;a we;euz wd.usl ixl,amhka wkqj jvd jeo.;a jkafka ukqIH cSjs;h muKs.tajdg wkqj fiiq iFjhka we;af;a usksidf.a cSjs;h mj;ajd .ekSu yd iqjodhsj mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi jQ fuj,ul f,i Wmfhd.S lr.ekSug muKs.kuq;a nq|=iuh ukqIH cSjs;h yd iudkju jgskdlula fiiq iFj cSjs; flfryso m@odkh fldg we;af;a inzfnz i;a;d hkqfjka ukqIHhkao weZ;ZMj ishZMu cSjSka tlu iuia;hla f,i ie,lSu ;,sks.

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dudw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 2 tu w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mqw|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx .a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx .a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx .a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;a;f;da fkaj mdKx yka;syka;syka;syka;s 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iiii fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idtajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idtajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idtajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----ffffmmmm---- lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id---- uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcf,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcf,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcf,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd AfCOk MrsFjd AfCOk MrsFjd AfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;sjsyr;sjsyr;sjsyr;s 4 tu fkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;sfkaj mdK yka;s 5 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– fmfmfmfm---- lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s

an<n`st= edpL smZpt`,vst=v ynAdfeyhf nfrr~b<d prfhrNy anYyn`st=bv1 vxhA gnnA ehtm eemt&fy pAdkkrgt sArDm%s^klpyn` oses sfy cyY%ApxfpAxfy sks kr gnF.emZmHgfn` dvFtfy smAjp&tfmAnyvn esArkmZenAkfrFm ynkr[N oh< atfnix<evZ2.emZt=lfn` bfys[k vfrhft smAjvxA pfxAvk` an<n` hxnfr~mANy kredyf.an<nst= edvlx Ir~SYAv hx gnen` devZScfntnym>LfkvFemnf. eemt&fy p&g=NkfrFmnfsA devZSy ivtvFmt=lfn` smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA aArOSAevZ.

fuz lreK hgf;a mejfikafka fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh iqrCIs; lsrSuhs we;af;kau usksidg fm#oa.,sl foaam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuys wjYH;djh mekkZ.skafka wehs$mejsos osjshla fkdf.jkakdjQ iEu .Dyia:fhlgu fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuys wjYH;djh we;sfjz' mejsos iudchg fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh wjYHfkdjkafka .sys iudcfhka mejsos iudch fj; isjqmih uZ.ska Wkajykafia,d fmdaIH jSug wjYHlrkakdjQ foa iemfhk nejsks' fuz ksid mejsos iudchla mej;Sug .sysiudcfhys odhlFjh wjYHu jQjls' .sys iudcfhys odhlFjfhka f;drj mejsos iudchg mej;sh fkdyel' jrA;udkfhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg ;ukau uqo,a Wmhd.ksuska ;ukaf.a fmdaIKh ;ukau is|=lr.ekSug is|=jS ;sfnkafkao Wkajykafia,d ms<snZoj uq,a hq.fhaoS muK fidhdne,Sula fyda isjqmih iemhSula .sys mCIfhka is|= fkdjk ksidh'jrA;udkfhys fuka uyuZ. niakej;um<j, |=uzrshm<j, Wkajykafia,d li.skafkys la,dka;j weZojegS wmj;a jk;reu fkdfidhd fkdn,d isgSula uq,anq|= iuh mej;s ld,jljdkqfjys is|=fkdjsks'

taksid tl w;lg fuz ldrKh NsCIQka jykafia,df.a iS,h ms<snZoj ldrKhla fkdj Wkajykafia,d f.a cSj;ajSu ms<snZoj jQ ldrKhls' cSj;ajSug l@uhla fkdue;sj fjz,a .Kka yduf;a isg wirKj uyuZ. weZojegS wmj;ajk NsCIQka jykafia,d wmuK we;' nq|=r|=ka cSjudk ld,fhys nq|=r|=ka NsCIQka jykafia,d jevisgs iEu wdrduhlgu iEu wdrKHfiakdikhlgu fm#oa.,slju jev Wkajykafia,dg isjqmih ksishdldrfhka ,efnkafkaoehs fidhdn,kakdjQ isrs;la ;snsKs' Wkajykafiaf.a m<uq m@Yakh jQfha lsfulao uyfKks hemsh yelso$ iqjfia fjfiao$ hk ldrKhhs' jrA;udkfhys fuka tl, nqoaO Ydik wud;HxYhla ;snqfkao ke;' kuq;a NsCIQka jykafia,d ms<snZoj ksis fidhdne,Sula yd b;du;a j.lSuz iy.;f,i kv;a;` lsrSula tod is|=jsks'

mQK! fldushqksgzia iudchla fyda iudcjdoS wrA:l@uhla mj;sk ld, jljdkQjloS yefrkakg iudch jsiska mqoa., j.lSu fkdorkakdjQ iudc jgmsgdjla iys; iudchkaysoS mqoa., meje;au is|=jkqfha fm#oa.,sl foam< l@uh u; mokuzjh' fuys wka;jdoh oel.; yelsjkqfha mQK! Okjdoh ;<h' tu ld, jljdkqj ;,oS frday<g hk urKdikak frda.shdg mjd wjYH uqo,a yo,a fkdue;skuz ffjoHjre wjYH m@;sldr lrkq fkd,efnz' fu hgf;a iEu flfklgu ish cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hdu msKsi fm#oa.,sl foam< (Okh)mrsyrKh lsrSu w;HjYH jQ fohls ukqIHFjfhka Tnzfnys we;s ldu N~uSkajk ksrAudK r;S fojz f,dj m@uqL osjH f,dalhkays kuz ;ukag wjYH foa wjYHjkakdjQ CIKhlska my<jk ksid fm#oa.,sl foam< mrsyrKh lsrSug wjYH fkdjsh yelsh' kuq;a ukqIH f,dj;< ;uka ;ukaf.a wjYH;djhkao msrsuidf.k fiiq idudcsl hq;luz bgqlsrSug m@udKj;a Okhla iEu ukqIHfhlgu iuzmdokh lr.kakg is|=fjz'

1 tu k woskakx wdosh;k woskakx wdosh;k woskakx wdosh;k woskakx wdosh; s 2 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda jfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda jfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda jfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda s.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda s.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda s.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id---- kreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idkreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id---- uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmainznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmainznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmainznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak laLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak laLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak laLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s

an<n nfrr~b<d pv<ljFvftyk` gtkrn<d[k E`ekerhf eemt&Fsftfn klpnA kfrFmnfsA eemt&F sArDm%y pAdk kregn oh<atfn etvn smAj p&tfmAn Dm%tAvy vn prdAresvneyn v[LkFm ynkr[N ix<evyf.1yemk d[nd[n an<neg` hA tmAeg pv<ljFvft kwAihfrvn<ey devZSy epro[rfkrgt` sftkfnf.fndfydajsg ukqIH iudch;< olakg ,efnkakdjQ fohla jkqfha ;ukag lsis|= ,dNhla fkdue;s jqjo iudcfhys fydZoska jeo.;a f,i cSj;a jkakdjQ fofofkl |=gqjsg ta ms<snZoj BrAIHdjyd oafjzIh fmrgqfldg .;a is;ska hq;j Tjqkaf.a mjq,a cSjs;hl lvdbysrjSfuz mdmS fpz;kdfjka hq;j Tjqka fofokdgu fjk fjku fofokd ms<snZoju wi;Hh f;dr;re mjid fofokdju fldgjd fjkalrkq ,nkakdjQ isoaOSkah fndfyda fokd jsfkdaoh msKsi yd fjk;a iQCIu lmgs wruqKq YdlaId;a lr.ekSu msKsi fufia lrkq olakg ,enqK;a OrAudkql~,j kuz fuh b;du;a my;a wi;aOrAuhla f,i fmkajdosh yelsh'

fuh jrA;udk iudcfhys fnfyjska jHdma;j mj;sk wi;aOrAuhls fujeks foa lrkakdjQ fndfydafokd iudch flfrys wm@udK BrAIHdfjka yd oafjzIfhka miqfjk Wojshhs fujeks wh ksrka;rfhka ;u jsreoaO ,sx.slhdj fmd<Ujd .kq msKsi YDx.drd;aul joka Ndjs;h fhdod.kq olakg ,efnz YDx.drd;aul joka Ndjs;d lrkafkao Tjqkaf.a mjq,a cSjs;h thska nsZojegzgjSu iZoyd lrkakdjQ Wml@uhla msKsi nejska oafjzIh mdol lr.kakd,o fpz;kdj fuhg uq,sjk nj jsurAYkd;aul ne,Qjsg fmfka

fuu YDx.drd;aul joka;< .enzjkafka fu:qkh msKsi jQ wkshuz wdrdOkhkah fuz msKsi nyqjsO wrA:we;s jpk Ndjs;dlsrSu Tjqyq is|=lr;s tfukau funZ|= wh ia;@S mqreI fNaohla fkdue;sj fomCIh w;ru isgs;s fjkilg we;af;a mqreI mCIh fndfydafldg t<smsgu ;u woyia m@ldYlrk w;r ia;@S mCIh Bgfndfydafldg jpk yd mohkays Ozjks:drA:h yd jHx.h fhdod.ekSuhs emmz|Sft menA m>L s^klpyevn<vx eemt&fy yn sArDm% s^klpy sfet` a[tfkrgnnA t[n[ttA atfn eemt&fy pAdk kregn an<n`vfSeyhf ov<n`eg` pv<l s^sTAv nfrr~b<dv gtkrn<vx k[mtf evyf.2eemt&Fsftfn` m<HPsmAjy ekerhf an<kmZpAevn kxy<t=kfrFmx emZnfsA p<dglyA epLeMZ.

ess< smAj p&tfmAn t=nvn st=nenAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm hA prdArAvnkrA enAy{m.yn smAj p&tfmAn Dm%tA t=n aArOSAkrn p<dglyAx ebAr[ kFemZ v<vmnAvk a[tf enAevZ.3fndrelSu iEu wli,hlgu uq,ajkakdjQ fya;jla jYfhka iZoyka jkafka fuz ksidh sArDm% s^klp vVeyn eemt&fy eprd[rf krgnnA ehtm Eeemt&fy pAdkkAxegn astYvcneyn an<nenArvxyf.4 E`nfsA str vn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyvn ebAr[enAkFmn[m[tf Dm%tAvy oh<atfn` aArkSAevyf.

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iiii fLda fida ldfLda fida ldfLda fida ldfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda ,dud wrshidjflda ,dud wrshidjflda ,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdatajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdatajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdatajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ----fmfmfmfm---- lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id –––– WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;MrsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh srshx inznzOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 3 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 4 tu I fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaI fLda fid ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;d m;siaif;d m;siaif;d m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----fmfmfmfm---- lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamuuy.a.f;ak wmamuuy.a.f;ak wmamuuy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sdfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sdfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;sdfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s

an<nvfSeyhf ov<n`eg` stY d[ng[nFemZ a[tfayfftfyx gr[kfrFm emmp&tfmAny enAkwekAx aArOSA krn<lbn`nAeg Ek`lOSNykf.1E`mHgfn an<n` pmNk` enAv tmAvd enArvxn< lbn`enk ekAxhHgfyf.wi;Hh mjkakdg fjk fkdl<yels mfjla ke;ehs oekafjkafka fiiq wli,h kag fuh wdlrjlajk fyhsks'tfia fyhska wi;Hfhka f;drjSu ishZM lI,q oyuz jO!kh lrkakgo f;d;ekakls' uss udArgtfg=Nyk`v> stYvAdFvFm udAr ebAst` st` Dm%tAvykf.2ebA`Dfs#vyn` vhnes sserhfdF kfsfmavsTAvkdF astYvdn bfN>avsTAvk`nmZ n[t.Ey ebA`Dfs#v Dm%tAv ykf.ehvt ebAst` p&tfmAnykf.

avfdYAv hA emAhyv[nf kr[N< hxg[nFmx ebehvfn` ivhl vn>eyd m<sAvAdym[yf.3 avfdYAevZ hA emAhey lOSNyvn<ey yTAttvy m<vhkfrFmyf.astYey lOSNyvn<eyd yTAttvy m<vhkfrFmyf.EmnfsA avfdYAv hA emAhyyn kr[N<edk m<sAvdyx dkvn emm LHgsbHdtAvy nfsAm ebA`st`vr[ eemt&fyeprd[rfkregn stYvcneyhfpfhfxA yTAsvBAvy d[kFemZ n<vN dfy<N<kLAh< evtf.tT+aAgt=tTAgt4 ynvcney a#T%yvn<eyd elA`key prmAr~Tmy stYtAvyx lHgAv>b[vfn` b<z\vr[ E`nmZvnbv ar~TvtevZ.E`nyfn b<dD#vy pfNfs pArmFp<rN ebA`st`vr[ Dm%tAvyk ehvt p&tfmAnyk` vVeyn` stYvcneyhf pfhfxA sfx kxy<t=krtf.E`nfsA sAmAnY p<dglyn`pvA stY vcn eyhf pfhfxAsfx kxy<t=kfrFm emZ an<v v[dgtbv p[h[dflfy.5

iht d[kv> smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAstrvn st=n enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdAresvny enAkfrFm hA ebAr[enAkFm yn strv[d{r[mZ Dm%tA eemt&fy eprx<ekAxegn aArOSAkrnnAv> t[n[ttA tmAin` aBfvRdDfyx p[mfN tmAemnm tvt ebAehAednAd EpfNfs eeDr~yymt`eker~d oh<atfn psvn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyt aArOSAevyf.E`ihtkF Dm%tA str aArOSAkfrFemhflA an<n epLMvFmy.6

emyt ebA`Dfs#vDm%tAvykf.tmAt=L a[tfv<nAv> ymZymZ g=NDm% an<n` vfSeyhfdF ov<n`x ugnvA ov<n` s[pvtjFvft gtkrnnn bvx ptkrvFm ebADfs#vvr[ sfz\krnbv pnsfy pnsjAtk epAet d[kevn jAtkkTA pfrfksA b[lFm t=lfn d[ngth[kfy.b<z\vFemnps< elA`ks#vyA vfSeyhf mhAkr[NA evn y<t=v krnnAv> elA`kAr~TcY%Av sfz\kfrFm sHdhA un`vhnesx avVYm>Lfk p<h<N<vlbA g[enn<ey ebA`DfsmZBAry p<rnkL un`vhneslA vfsfn` p>rNy krn<lbn`nAv> ihtkF Dm%tAvy eh`t=ekAx egny.7sAmAnY p<dgleyk=v<vt p<dgleyk=v<vt ihtkF aAkAreyn kxy<t=krn`ennmZ Em p<dglyAeg epUdglfk dfy<N<vd oh<eg` kFr~tfy v[wdfy<N<vFmd ebAehA` pfrfsblyl[bFmd ynaAnfs^s in`oh<x l[ebZ.8emyx amtrv iht sHdhn psv[d{r[mZ smAjDm%tAps aArOSAvFmt=lfn` mAnsfk 1 tu k uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;sk uqid k NK;s 2 oS' ks' 11"uyd ksodk iq;a;"nq'c' uq" 86 msgqj' b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx b;s fLda mfk;x wdkkao fjokx mgspzp ;Kayd ;Kayx mgspzp mrsfhikd mgspzp mrsfhikd mgspzp mrsfhikd mgspzp mrsfhikd … ,dfNda ,dfNda ,dfNda ,dfNda … jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd jskspzPfhd … PJordf.da PJordf.da PJordf.da PJordf.da … wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx wcAfCOdidkx … mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd mrs.a.fyd … upzPrshx upzPrshx upzPrshx upzPrshx … wdrlafLdawdrlafLdawdrlafLdawdrlafLda … oKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;`jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;`jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;`jx ;`jx fmioKavdodk iF:dodk l,y js.a.y jsjdo ;`jx ;`jx fmiqZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld qZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld qZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld qZ[aZ[ iqudjdod wfkfl mdmld wl`iwl`iwl`iwl`i,d Ouzud iuzNjka;s,d Ouzud iuzNjka;s,d Ouzud iuzNjka;s,d Ouzud iuzNjka;s 3 u' ks' 1"inzndij iq;a;"nq' c' uq" 22 msgqj' osgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcfkda osgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcfkda osgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcfkda osgzGs ixfhdackiai ixhq;af;da NslaLfjz wiaiq;jd mq:qcAcfkda k mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=k mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=k mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=k mrsuqpzp;s cd;shd crdurfKys fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys k mrsuqpzp;s |=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus|=laLiaud;s jodus 4 I' ks' 11"uydmodk iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 18 msgqj' Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj Wmamdojd ;:d.;dkx wkqmamdojd ;:d.;dkx :s;dj idOd;` OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d idOd;` OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d idOd;` OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d idOd;` OuzugzGs;s;d Ouzukshdu;d bomampzp;d 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 6 tu wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKwmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sfyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 7 is;shuz iys; mkaish mKia cd;l fmd;a jykafia"iuz' jSrisxy m@;srdc weu;s;`ud"ixfYda' kdjq,af,a Ouzudkkao ysus yd fojskqjr r;kfcda;s ysus"iuhjO!k fmd;ay,"fld<U"1955"1064,1169,1433, msgq 8 ;@smsglfhka fy<sjk nqoaO prs;h"Wvqydjr wdkkao ysus"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"61-70 msgq'

pFwnyrhft vfevZk b<dDfykfn smn`vft d[h[mf smAjyk` a[tfkr lFmx iwp&stAvnAv l[ebZ.1

I`LHgx b<z\rz\n kAlAm v[sfyn`x edVnAkrn<ey un`vhneseg emm smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tApsvn st=n`m[rFemn v[LkFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdArAvn krAenAy{m,ebAr[ enAkFm,an<n yhpethf epLMvFm ynkr[N< ps aArOSA krgnnx kfyn`en kfsfm ay<rkfn kfsf vYvsTAvk,dNwNyk` ehA` kfsfz\ aDfkrNmy tt`vyk yxet enAvnbvyf.2E`bv thv<r[krlFm pfNfs kAlAm v[sfyn`x bAhfr blp{mk` vfyh[kf kr[N<10k epn`vA E`vA mtenApfhfxA tmnegm i$z&fyp&tYOSy mt pfhfxAkxy<t= kr apOSpAtF vfnfV`cyk lbAgnnA els p[vs>h.3sArDm% h[Hdfn`vFm pfNfs eyednebAehA nAmyn vn hr, vxfnAkmZ,p<r[SAr~T,agyn hA vfVcysArDm% yn etr[mZ an`tr~gtevZ.emyfn` sArDm% a[t[mZ vfexk vfnfVcy sArDm% nAmeyn` d[kevZ.ymk yTAr~Ty vfnfV`cy kfrFemhflA sArDm% mehApkArF vn b[vfnf.4

Eb[vfn` aelA`By adevZSy hA aemAhy ynnAmeyn sArDm%s^klp h[Hdfn` evZ.b<z\rz\n‘aemAh’yn sArDm%s^klpy t=lfn` smAjp&tfmAnDm%tA aArOSAvn andm kAlAmv[sfyn`x epnvAedn<ey kfsfz\ bAhfr aDfkArfyk blp{mkfn`etAr v nfdhs` cfntnykmt pfhfxAsfxfmfnf.5

‘kAlAmeynf,emAheyn` enAa[l<NAv>,emAheyn enAmnAlddAv>,vfnAVenAv> sft` a[t`tAv> p<r[S p<dgletm st=n`enAmryf.esArkmZ enAkryf.prdArAvn krA enAyyf.ebAr[ enAkfyyf.ymk` oh<x ebAehA kAlyk m<HPlelhf hfts[p pfNfsevyf nmZ Ehf anYyAd smAdn`krvyf.’6

aemA`h ecZtnAv ehvt m<LAenAv> p&QA smZpn`n cftteyn,Em menAm>L sArDm% s^klpeyn` y<k`tv> t[n[tet b<dDfvfSyfk kr[N<an<v sftAblA pr pNn[sFemn

1 ;@smsglfhka fy<sjk nqoaO prs;h"Wvqydjr wdkkao ysus"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"119-127 msgq' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da … w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da … wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh ys;dh ys;dh ys;dh iqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;siqLdhd;s 3 tu ta: ;`ufyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ta: ;`ufyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ta: ;`ufyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ta: ;`ufyak ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mrusmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda ;lalfya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrE;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfufkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfufkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfufkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud z Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud z Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud z Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 4 idrOu! wOHdmkh"tia'tia' nd,iQrsh"jsfcAiQrsh .@F:flaF|@h" mshisrs m@skagska isiaguzia" kqf.af.dv"1997"27 msgqj' 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafid;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafid;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafid;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd a mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd a mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd a mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wys;dhhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;aWmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;aWmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;aWmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a 6 tu wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshwuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshwuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshwuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wnNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx doskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx doskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx doskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s

v[Lekyf.1ugtkm yd nqoaOsu;a nj pAdkekAx egn ehA BAvnAmy QAny pAdk ekAxegn tmneg n<vN dfy<N<kr gnfyf.tfiau yTAr~Ty v[sFtfb<n< mAyA jAly ivtkr elA`ky d[kFmx p<l<vn`km lbAgnfyf.b<dDfvfSyfk els cfntny emehyvFmd emZan<v b<z\rz\n` sArDm% s^klpyk`els kAlAms>t&eydF kAlAmynx uekjska edVnAekAx tfebZ.emZan<v tmAx hm<vn smAjDmtA ekerhf b<dDfy eprx< ekAxegn h[HgFmZvlx vhlenAvF kxy<t=kfrFm p&QA smZpn`n bevZ lOSNy elst` emZmHgfn` smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA aArOSAvn bvt emhf d[k`evZ.emZay<rfn p&QAv n[m[tf sArDm% s^klpy pAdkkregn prpN n[sFemn v[LkFm yn pLm<evnf smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvy aArOSA krgn< lbyf.2

tmneg jFvfty ;K w.msKs nsZ|=fuka flgsl,lska wjikajk wia:sr wks;HjQjlanj fydZoska nqoaOsuh jYfhka ;yjqrelr.kakd m@{diuzmkak jQ ;eke;af;l wkqka i;cSjs;ho tnZ|=u wdldrhlska jskdYhg meusfKk nejz Wml,amkhlr iiZodn,d ;ukaf.a cSjs;h huz jQ wdldrfhka urKska fl<jrfjzkuz wkqkaf.a cSjs;ho flgsl,lskaurKska fl<jr jknj oekjgyd .kshs fuf,i jgyd.kakdjQ m@Z{d iuzmkakhd ishZM i;aj cSjs;j,g fmd|=jQ blaukska jekfikakdjQ iajNdjh cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh f,i f;areuz .kshs ;ud fyda wkHhkaf.a hkqfjka mej;s iSudiuzfNaohka yeroud fmd|=fjz ishZMfokdf.a cSjs;flfrys mej;s wd>d;ps;a;h yeroud mrmKkeiSfuka je<lfka fjhs'3 emZ mHgfn` prpN n[sFemn v[LkFemZ smAj p&tfmAny b<dDfvfSyfk kr[N< ek$z&kregn aArOSA krnen mht` p&QAsmZpnn t[n[tetk= bvx p[mfeN.

an<nst=sn`tk d[eyhf prfeBAjn ayftfy ov<n`st=b[vZ pfLfgnnA aemA`h sArDm% s^klpneyn` y<k`t t[n[tet edvn smAj p&tfmAnDm%tAvyvn esArkmZ enAkfrFmyn Dm%tAvy aArOSAkryf.4 an<n sh tmA yn sFmAv z\rlAklpnAkrn emAh< yTAr~Ty m<LAevn v[sFtfbFm emes vfprft dRSXfyk` a[tfvFmx eht=v vVeyn sLkA EkF aAvrNy z\r[kr p&QAsmZpn`n els klpnA krn oh< an<n`st=d{ yn kr[eNhft anftYtvy asrN#vy dkfyf.Ehf a[tf ayftfy ekerhft h<z\p&Qptfy k` ehvt p[nvFmk`bv dkfyf.5tmA hA an<nyn< p<dglyn` ededenk=enAv Ekm smstybvp&QAevn vfnfvfddkF.tmA hA an<n Ekmsmstey avyvels slkAsmstyeds blA smstyd anftY#veyn slkyf.6 emesm<HP mht p&st=tyx anftYtvyx nHgA klpnAkrn oh<eg

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s fkaj mdKx yka;s 2 w' ks' 11"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq'c' uq"124 msgqj' l;udp NslaLfjz iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld l;udp NslaLfjz iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld l;udp NslaLfjz iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld l;udp NslaLfjz iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAc mud ogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS, iuzmod iuzmod iuzmod iuzmod 3 i' ks' 11"mxpNhfjzr iq;a;"nq' c' uq"106 msgqj' hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd hx .ym;s mdKd;dmd;S mdKd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fpz;sisluzms |=laLx fodaukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s mgsixfjzosh;s mdkd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tajx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrs mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da …. k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s k woskakx wdosh;s …. hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;sys;dh iqLdh;s 5 A. tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; B. u' ks' 1"pQ, ipzpl iq;a;"nq'c' uq" 552 msgqj' humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd humkdkspzpx |=laLxjd ;x iqLx jd;s$|=laLx fNd f.da;u f.da;u f.da;u f.da;u 6 A. W' md' fu>sh iq;a;"ixia' fidaudf,dal ;siai ysus"49 msgqjwkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus wkspzp iZ[aZ[d Ndfj;nznd wiaus udk udk udk udk iuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dhiuq.a>d;dh B. i' ks' v, os>djq Wmdil iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 142 msgqj' P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO P jscAcdNd.Sfh Ouzfuz W;a;rsx NfjhHdis bO Fjx os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk Fjx os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk Fjx os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk Fjx os>djq inzn ixldfriq wkapzpdkqmiaiS jsyrys wkspzfp |=laL iZ[aZ[S |=lafLz wk;a; iZ[aZ[S mydk iZ[aZ[S jsrd. iZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S jsrd. iZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S jsrd. iZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[SiZ[aZ[S jsrd. iZ[aZ[S ksfrdaO iZ[aZ[S C. The Three Singnata,O.H.De A. Wijesekara,Colombo,p.1. The the singnata,the three universal properties of all existing of the phenomenal world…

emAhy ivtevyf.p&QA a[s lbyf. emes stfmt`v p&QAsmZpn`nv>ey esArkm vnAhF itAmtm aQAnv>vkbv sLkA esArkmfn v[LkF edvn smAj p&tfmAnDm%tAvy aArOSAkrn< lbyf.1

kAmyvnAhF s^evZdnAvnekerhf p&k`eOSpny krgnnAld tmnegm menABAvyn m<lAevnhq;j s[lkFmk`bv avebA`DkrgnnA p&QAsmZpnn t[n[t;d lduhkag .scqjSu yeroud ta flfrys WfmaCIl fjz.2E`eht=evn kAms^evZdnyeker~ a[tfaDfk atRptkr svBAvy oh<ekern vfy[kFyyf. upy<k`t Dm%tAveyhf vD%nFy svr{pyn aAyY%p<dglBAveyhf vfdYmAnevyf.3anAgAmFp<dgl avsTAv dkvA aAr~y p<dglyAeg kAmsnnfevZdny OSyvFm dknx l[ebn<ey aD%vVeynf.4anAgAmF tleydF m<HPmnfn`m kAmsnnfevZdyn`eg OSyvFmvnen` ar~htv mxZxemZdFy.5emZnfsA epennen (ldudYdj)kAmsn`nfevZdnyn` mHgfn` g[enn<ey i$z&fybdDv a[tfvn iamrAYuh rsvf$dnAepOSAv arm<N<krgt oZlArfk mAnsfkp&eOSpn ekAxs bvyf.6

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyakmq.a.f,da fudafyakmq.a.f,da fudafyakmq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da … k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s… hx ihx ihx ihx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s ys;dh iqLdhd;s ys;dh iqLdhd;s ys;dh iqLdhd;s 2 A.u' ks' iv, pQ< |=laLJO iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 218 msgqj' bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx bfuz mZ[ap ldu .fKa mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda fidaukiaidkx whx ldudkx wiaidfoda B. i' iq' iv, wNskkao iq;a;" nq' c' uq" 26 msgqj' fhd fLda NslaLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd fLda NslaLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd fLda NslaLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd fLda NslaLfjz plaLqx wnskkao;s |=laLx fid wNskkao;s fhd |=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodusfhd |=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodusfhd |=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodusfhd |=laLx wNskkao;s wmrsuq;af;d fid |=laLiaud;s jodus C.ix' ks' iv, |=;sh k ;`uzydlx iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 174 msgqj' hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd hx NslaLfj k ;uzydlx ;x mcy: ;x fjd mySkx ys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;smySkx ys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;smySkx ys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;smySkx ys;dh iqLdh Njsiai;s D.i' ks' v, Ouzuplalmamj;a;k iq;a;" nq c uq' 378 msgqj' ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud ldfuiq lduiqL,a,sldkqfhdf.d ySfkd Ouzfud fmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;dfmd:qcAcksfld wkrsfhd wkF: ixysf;d E.w' ks' v, fu>sh iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 378 msgqj'wiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdhwiqNd Nfj;nznd rd.iai mydkdh F fuys iZoykajk m@Z{dj;aNdjhkuz m@:u ud.!dOs.uhjQ fida;dm;a;sM,hg m;ajSuhs orAYk m@;s,dNh ,efnkafka fida;dm;a;s ud.!fhka jk nejsks 3 A.w. ks' iv, uydkdu iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 12 msgqj' b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd b;sms fida N.jd …. nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu nqoafOd N.jd hiausx uydkdu iufh wrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x iufh wrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x iufh wrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x iufh wrshidjfld ;:d.;x wkqiair;s fkjiai ;iausx iufh rd.mrshqgzGs;x ps;a;x fyd;s k ps;a;x fyd;s k ps;a;x fyd;s k ps;a;x fyd;s k fodifodifodifodi…k fudyk fudyk fudyk fudy…Wcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk Wcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk Wcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk Wcq.;fuj ;iausx iufh ps;a;x fyd;s ;:d.;x wdrnzN Wcq.; ps;af;d fLd mk uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai uydkdu wrshidjfld ,N;s wF:fjox ,N;s Ouzufjox ,N;s OuzuQmixys;x mdfudcAcx muqos;iai mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x mS;scdh;s mS;sukiai ldfhd miaiuzN;s miaioaOldfhd iqLx fjosh;s iqLsfkd ps;a;x iudOsh;s iudOsh;s iudOsh;s iudOsh;s B.tu 14 msgqj mkp mrx uydkdu wrshidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks mkp mrx uydkdu wrshidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks mkp mrx uydkdu wrshidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks mkp mrx uydkdu wrshidjfld w;a;fkd iS,dks wkqiair;s wLKavdks wpzPsoaodks win,dks wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu win,dks wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu win,dks wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu win,dks wluzudidks N~csiaidks jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:dks wmrugzGdks iudOs ixj;a;ksldks hiausx uydkdu iufha wrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;siufha wrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;siufha wrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;siufha wrshidjfld iS,x wkqiair;s C.u' ks' 11 uyd ud,qxlH mq;a; iq;a; nq c uq 168-170 msgq bOdkJo NslLq WmOs jsfjzld wl`I,dkx bOdkJo NslLq WmOs jsfjzld wl`I,dkx bOdkJo NslLq WmOs jsfjzld wl`I,dkx bOdkJo NslLq WmOs jsfjzld wl`I,dkx Ouzudkx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzudkx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzudkx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzudkx mydkd inznfid ldh|=gzGq,a,dkx mgsmamiaioaOshd jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzfpj wlqif,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s Ouzfuys ijs;lzlx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;s iqLx mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s fid hfoj ;F: fyd;s rEm.;x fjokd.;x rEm.;x fjokd.;x rEm.;x fjokd.;x rEm.;x fjokd.;x iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d iZ[aZ[d.;x ixLdr.;x jsZ[aZ[dK.;x f; Ouzfu wkspzpf;d |=laLf;d frd.f;d .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys .Kavf;d I,a,f;d wif;d wdndOf;d mrf;d mf,dafld iqZ[aZ[f;d w;a;kd iukqmiaika;s fid f;ys Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox Ouzfuys ps;a;x mgsjdfm;ajd wu;dh fid; Od;`hd ps;a;x Wmixyr;s t;x ika;x t;x mK;x hosox inznixLdr iuf:dinznixLdr iuf:dinznixLdr iuf:dinznixLdr iuf:da inznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.da ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa inznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.da ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa inznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.da ksfrdafOda ksnzndkxa inznQnOsmgsksiaif.da ;KaylaLfhda jsrdf.da ksfrdafOda ksnzndkx 4 I' ks' 111"fnzul iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 224 msgqj' lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks lsZ[apdms wdjqfid wrshidjliai mxp UzruzNd.shdks ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s ixZ[afZ[ddackdks mySkdks Njka;s w:Lzjiai fyd;s fhj mxpqmdodklaLkafOiq wKqiy.f;d wiauS;s udfkd wiudfkd wiudfkd wiudfkd wiauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;dauS;s PfJod wiauS;s wkqifhd wiuQyf;d… 5 oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 144 msgqj' ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x ;iai tjx cdkf;d tjx miaif;d ldudijd ms ps;a;x jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms jsuqpzp;s Njdijd ms … jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x jsuq;a;iausx jsuq;a; us;s Z[dKx fyd;s LSKd cd;s jqis;x n@yauprshx l;x lrKShx kdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s lrKShx kdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s lrKShx kdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s lrKShx kdmrx b;a;;a;dhd;s mcdkd;smcdkd;smcdkd;smcdkd;s 6 A.i' ks' 1"iusoaOs iq;a;"nq' c'uq' 18 msgqj' kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus kLdjyx wdjqfid ikaosgzGslx ys;ajd ld,slx wkqoaOdjdus ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd ld,slZ[apLjdyx wdjqfid ys;ajd iJosgzGslx wkqOdjdus ld,sldys wdjqfid ldud jq;a;d N.j;d nyq|=laLd myQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx OuzfmyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx OuzfmyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx OuzfmyQmdhdid wdoSkfjd tF: NsfhHda ikaosgzGsfld whx Ouzfuda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;a;x uda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;a;x uda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;a;x uda wld,sfld tys miaisfld Uzmkhafld mpzp;a;x fjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ysfjos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+ys

kAms^klpyn`eg t=nFvFmk` dknx l[ebn ihtkF mAnsfkmxZxmkfn`y<t= p&QAshft p<dgleyA` vfvhs^sTAvk`t=L v<vd nfrr~b<d pv<ljFvftyk` gtkffrFmx h[kfyAv a[t`etAevtf.1vfvh s^sTAvt=L sfrgtv<vd enAv>vd kAms^evZdnyn` ekerhf pvtfn elA`l#vy itAavm mxZxmk(nfevnnx aAsnnv> phn sfHPvk emnv>)pvtfnb[vfn` t=nvn smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAvyvn prdAresvneyn v[LkFemZ Dm%tAvy emAv<n atfn svBAveynm VfOSApd!kFmkfn etArv svy^k&Fyvemn aArOSAevZ.2E` yTAr~Ty dkfn aemA`h sArDr~mFy s^klpeyn` smAjp&tfmAny ar~TkTnykrn nfsAy.3

yTAr~Ty dkfn m<LAevn y<ktenAv> p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[ttA p&QAvyn sArDm% s^klpy pAdk kregn iht d[kv> smAjp&tfmAn strvn st=n enAm[rFm,esArkmZ enAkfrFm, prdrvn krAenAy{m ynDm%tAvyn`t=n aArOSAkrnb[vfn` E`eht=evn m<sAvAdeyn v[LkFm yn strv[nf smAjDm%tAvyd aArOSAvFm sfz\vn<l[ebZ.4E m<sAvAdyx avkAVyk enAs[Lesn b[vfnf.m<sAvAdy yn ak=sly sfz\vn<ey smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFm nfsAvnb[vfnf5.

Eb[vfn` p&QAsmZpn`n p<dglyA tmn`svBAveyn` n<vN[tf ehyfn` ebAr[evn smAjy rvxnnx enAsftyf.yTAr~Ty pfNfsm kxy<t=kryf.an<neg a[t`t d[ng[nFemZ a[tf ayftfyx gr[kryf.tmnd emAheyn` m<lAenAvF an<n`d emA`heyn m<lAvFm v[LkFm pfNfs m<sAvAdeyn vLkfyf.6

p&QAsmZpn`n t[n[ttA iht d[kv> smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA strvn prpN n[sFemn v[LkFm, esArkmZ enAkfrFm,prdAresvneyn v[LkFm hA ebAreevn v[LkFm yn smAjp&tfmAn str tmnd aArOSAkrn atr an<n`d E` aArOSAkfrFm pfNfs epALMvyf.7

E`mHgfn` m<HP mht smAjy psv[d{r[mZ smAjDm%tAvyn kwvFm ekern aArOSAkrgn< lbyf.avsAn smAjDm%tAvy nmZ an<n` ihkF Dm%tAvyn` str ekerhf

B.u' ks' 111"uyd p;a;drSxil iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 218 msgqj'iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud osgzGsiai Nslalfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iaiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iaiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iaiuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s iuzud luzuka;iai i i i iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;siuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;siuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;siuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s…..iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsu;a;s mfyd;s iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsu;a;s mfyd;s iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsu;a;s mfyd;s iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsu;a;s mfyd;s C.Ouzumo ps;a; j.a. 40 .d:dj wkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iaiwkjiaiq; ps;a;iai----wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai wkkajdy; fpz;id mqZ[aZ[mdm mySKiai –––– kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx kJ:scd.rf;d Nhx 1 tu 2 tu 3 i' ks' 11"wiaiq iq;a;"nq' c' uq'278 msgqj' wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wku;.af.dhx nslalfjz ixidrda mqnznfldgs k mZ[aZ[dh;s wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x wjscAcdkSjrKdkx I;a;dkx ;Kayd ixfhdackdkx ixir;x oS> r;a;x fjd NslaLfjz |=laLx mpzpkqN~;x 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud iqrsimq.a.f,da fudaiqrsimq.a.f,da fudaiqrsimq.a.f,da fudaiqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx fyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx fyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx fyk wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da fkj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s .pzP;s k uqid NK;s 5 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 6 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcACudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; ….k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s k uqid NK;s 7 tu wuQ<ay mkdhwuQ<ay mkdhwuQ<ay mkdhwuQ<ay mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s x ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s x ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s x ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKk woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKk woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NKk woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s ys;dh iqLdh;s ys;dh iqLdh;s ys;dh iqLdh;s

epLMvFmyf.1ehAHdedyx yhpt s^klpyn` eprx<ekAxegn k&fyAkfrFm smAjy ekerhf DnAtmk epLMvFmkfn kxy<t=kfrFm nmZevyf. p&QAsmZpnnv>ey emAheyn` m<lAenAv>ey tmnd an<nd m<HPmht smsteyhf avyvvVeyn` sLkA tmA hA an<n`ynsFmAv bfHddmA p<HPl ar~Tykfn kxy<t=kfrFemZ sAmAr~Ty lbAgnF.tmnx ehAHdedeyhf ehAHdvn`nAk emnm tmn an<nvd ehAHd edeyhf eydvFm krn<lbyf.2

b<z\rz\n` ihtkF smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFm pht sHdhn kr[N<10mtsfz\kfrFm p&tfeOSp kryf.EnmZ an<V&vy(Report)mt pdnmZv,prmZprAv(Tradition)mtpdnmZv,emeskfyA tfebZ yn kFmmt pdnmZv(itfkfrAyPrologue)pfxksmZp&dAymt pdnmZv(Giving in the Scripture)tAr~kfk eht=mtpdnmZv(tkkeht= Logical Implicatio)nYyAy mtpdnmZv(nyeht=Nomological Implication)emZ kArNy yhpt[yf klpnA kfrFmmt pdnmZv(aAkAr prfvftkekn Diversification of thought)dRSXfymt pdnmZv (dfxZXf nfj~ODAnkKn`t fCoincide the Aspets)emy emesvfy h[kfy[yf yn`n mt pdnmZv(BvYtAy Potentiatity) acAr~yvryA eg dSXfymt pdnmZv(smeNA enA gr[Consultations of Pecptor smAjp&tfmAn aArOSA kfrFm z\r~vl asmZp<r~Nv>vkbv dk`vtf.3

yemk=x iht sHdhn` dsv[d{r[mZ kr[N<vlx vhlenAvF tmnx svADFnv sftAblA h<edk tm svADFn cfn`tny mtm pdnmZv ehAHdnrk tmAxm vfnfV`cykx p[mfNfy h[kfvFm eV&SX edyk`els kAlAmv[sfyn`x b<z\h< kr[N< dk`vtf.4emZan<v smAjp&tfmAn nfVcykfrFemhflA iht dkvnld dsv[d{r[mZ kr[N< itAz\r~vl vfnfVcyk` lbAedn kr[N< 10k`els b<z\rz\n`vfsfn` pfLfegn tfb>bv p[h[dflfy.emkF dsv[d{r[mZ nfSXAvn` oses Elbg[nFm vfvRtenAv> mAnsfk ttvykfn` sfz\ ekernnk b[vfn` yTAr~Ty vfnfvfd d[kFemhflA E`vA sv%smZp>N% k&mevZdyk` els b<z\smy enApflfgnF.5ymZtrmkx sdAcArsmZpn`nv k&fyAkfrFemZ p&vntAvyk iht kr[N<oses Elbgt` ayvl<nhx a[tt,b<z\smeyn` p&BAvft vfvRtmAnsfk mxZxmkfn`y<t=v yTAr~Tyd[kFemZ p&vNtAvy hfmfvn`en sfyHP dRSXfmtvAdyn sfetn ivt`kL t[n[ttnx bv kAlAms>t&y mHgfn thv<r[eker~.kAlAms>t&gt kr[N<an<v yTAr~Tyd[kFemZ vfvRtmAnsfk mxZxmx EL[MFmx kfsfz\aAgmfk VAstRvreyk=eg` mtvAdyn pfLfg[nFmx avVYenAevZ.6yxt`pfrfesyfn b<z\rz\n`eg pvA ig[nvFmZ aDAn g&AhFv bArg[nFm emZt=lfn` b[h[r eker~.1

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzmsmsgq'mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;si fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;si fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;si fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 2 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wli,d jd;s$l`i: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wli,d jd;s$l`i: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wli,d jd;s$l`i: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wli,d jd;s$l`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 3 tu ta: ;``uzfyta: ;``uzfyta: ;``uzfyta: ;``uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; a ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; a ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; a ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfksk ud ;lalfya; udududud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jjjjsZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc sZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc sZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc sZ[aZC|+mamiaF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: jsyfrhHd: jsyfrhHd: jsyfrhHd: 4 tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud l`I,d jd wl`I,d jd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud l`I,d jd wl`I,d jd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud l`I,d jd wl`I,d jd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz uzud l`I,d jd wl`I,d jd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jd;s$wkjcAcdjd;s$wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d Nkaf; 5 tu b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfyab;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfyab;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfyab;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh udududud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya; ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya; ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya; ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya; ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz OuzuOuzud idjcAcd bfuz OuzuOuzud idjcAcd bfuz OuzuOuzud idjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s d jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s d jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s d jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 6 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' taluka;x ksiskakd fLda taluka;x ksiskakd fLda taluka;x ksiskakd fLda taluka;x ksiskakd fLda flaimq;a;shd ld,dflaimq;a;shd ld,dflaimq;a;shd ld,dflaimq;a;shd ld,dud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s ud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s ud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s ud N.jka;x ta;ofjdapqx ika;s Nkaf;a tafla iuKn@dyauKd f;aimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s f;a ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s fcdaf;ka;s mtjdox mk Lqxfika;s juzfNka;s TzmmlaLsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; tafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmkamrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; tafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmkamrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; tafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmkamrsNjka;s wmfrAms Nkaf; tafla iuKn@yauKd flaimq;a;x wd.pzPka;s f;ams ilZ[afZ[ap jdox oSfmka;s ;s ;s ;s

emZ an<v kAlAm s>t&eyhf epnvn smAjp&tfmAn s<rOSftkfrFemZ m>LDm% hA k&emApAyyn` k&fyAt`mk kfrFmx yemk` ebUdDeyk`vFm avVYenAevZ.2iht dkvnld smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tAph vnAhF b<z\smyx ehA` kfsfm aAgmkx vfeV`Sft E`vAenAv> epAz\sAmAnY mn<SYDm%yn` bv emZt=lfn` p[h[dflfeker~.3ehvt E`vA sAmAnY smAjgt dfvfyt=L smAjsmZb$DtA vfDfmt`v pvtvAegn yAmpfNfs avVYkrn m>Lfk mfnfs ayftfvAsfkmZ phk` nfr{pnyekAx d[kvFmk` evyf.4EnmZ,

1.jFvt`vFemZ ayftfy s{m mn<SYeyk=xm epAz\ ayftfykf.5

2.tmn sn`tked nfdhes B=ktfvfHdFemZ ayftfy.(p<dglfk edpL prfhrNy kfrFemZ nfdhs).6

3.nfrr~b<d vfvAh jFvftyk` gtkfrFemZ ayftfy.7

4.stYy d[ng[nFemZ ayftfy.8

5.ihtkF ayftfvAsfkmZ str aArOSAkrg[nFm pfNfs k&fyAkfFrFemZ ayftfy.9

yn epAz\ mAnv ayftfvAsfkmZ phk aArOSAkfrFm smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrSu hkafkka .efka.ld,dus>t&eyn ig[n`evnend emm epAz\mAnv hfmfkmZ ehvt ayftfvAsfkmZ ph aArOSAkrg[nFmpfNfs kAlAmv[sfyn`x b<z\rz\n` lbAz\n` upedVAt`mk vfg&hyyf.10E`t=lfn`

fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fcdaf;ka;s mrjdox mk Lqfika;s juzfNka;s Tzmlalsx lfrdka;s mrsNjka;s f;aix fkdaNkaf; wuzydlx fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s fydaf;aj lxLd fyda;s jspslspzPd fldaiq kdu bfuzix Njka;dkx iuKn@dyauKdkx ipzpx wdy flda uqid;s w,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;`x lxLkSw,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;`x lxLkSw,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;`x lxLkSw,x ys fjda ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;`x lxLkSfhap mkfjda Gdfkfhap mkfjda Gdfkfhap mkfjda Gdfkfhap mkfjda Gdfka jspslspzPd a jspslspzPd a jspslspzPd a jspslspzPd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd Wmamkakd ta: l`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ta: l`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ta: l`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ta: l`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s ud kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s ud kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s ud kh fya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda.rE;s 1 tu hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahdhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahdhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahdhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud : bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud : bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud : bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz Puzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfya ld,dud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laldh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:mcfyhahd:mcfyhahd:mcfyhahd: 2 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$f,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhjd;s$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dhjd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak wys;dh Nkaf; ,qoafoda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafidhx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafidhx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafidhx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |+laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai a mqrsiiai a mqrsiiai a mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd$wys;dhjd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; |=gzfgda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s mq.a.f,da fodafiak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskak ps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> iqidms Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$ 3wys;dhjd;s% wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms wys;dh Nkaf; uqMafyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wNsN~f;da mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s myka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s myka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s myka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> rodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> rodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> rodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wl`I,djd;s$ wl`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wl`I,djd;s$ wl`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wl`I,djd;s$ wl`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wl`I,djd;s$ wl`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjCAcd jd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;sjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;sjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;sjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ{aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd $ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd $ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd $ jsZ{aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S$ fkd jd l:x fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s 4 tu 5 tu fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 6 tu k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 7 tu k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 8 tu k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 9 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 10 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;damqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da….w|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;daw|=gzfGdamkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da…. wuQ<wuQ<wuQ<wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx afyda mkdhx ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx afyda mkdhx ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx afyda mkdhx ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsi mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS>

oZn{m aAgmk oZn{m jAtfyk oZn{m vg%yk oZn{m mn<SYeyk=hx epAz\EkHgtvykfn k&fyAkfrFemZ v[dgt`km emZmHgfn` thv<r[kr tfebZ. E`sHdhA avVYkrn menAm>Lfk s^klpyn`‘sArDm%’ nAmeyn` d[k`evZ.EbHz\ sArDm%s^klpyn` t=nk upeyA`gFkregn emm smAjp&tfmAn Dm%tA aArOSAvnbv p[h[dflfkrdFtfebZ.Em sArDm%s^klpt=nnmZ aelA`B,aedAs hA aemAh yn sArDm% s^klpt=nyf.1

emm sArDm% s^klpt=nd eemt&fy,kr[NAv,m<dftAv hA uepOSAv yn sfv<v[d{r[mZ sArDm% s^klp ek`$z&ekAxegn p[nnHgfnnAv> s^klp pdDtfyk` bv kAlAm s>t&eydF p[h[dflfeker~.2kAlAm s>t&eyhf emm ig[nnvFmZvl dk`nx l[ebn s<vfeV`SFBAvy vnAhF oZn{maAgmk s{mp<dgleyk=xm epAz\vnvfSy kr[N< emZmHgfn dk`vAtfbFmy.3smAjp&tfmAn hA sArDm%s^klp atr aenYAnYy sbHdtAvey svr{py vfg&hvn<ey atfVyvfdYAt`mk pdnmk pfhfxAsfxb[vfn` E`vA oZn{m aAgmk oZn{mjAtfyk oZn{m mn<SY vg%ykx epAz\mAnvFy at`d[kFmZels ar~Td[kevZ.

EmnfsA kAlAm s>t&ymHgfn ig[nevn smAjp&tfmAn hA sArDm%yn`hf sbHdtAveyhf svr{py Ek`trA aAgmfkekAxskx epAz\krsFmAkr d[kvFm emZ an<vy<k`tf y<k`tenAevZ.Eb[vfn` Emkr[N< epAz\mAnvFy vfV`vuh Dm%tAels s[lkfy h[kfy.4E`nfsA un`vhnes kfsfm aAgmfk ig[nvFmk oses emZeds bln`nx EpAykfyA kAlAmyn`x edsn<l[b<evZ.5kAlAms>t&eyhf

r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud lr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[af{: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d `I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d `I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d `I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: jsZ{aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkdajd$ l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkfyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkfyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkfyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkdafyF: fyda;S;s dafyF: fyda;S;s dafyF: fyda;S;s dafyF: fyda;S;s b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd: b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x a;x a;x a;x 1 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkka WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jdjdjdjd ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da ;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiaii wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskfodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskfodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskfodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid ak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid ak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid ak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx nka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; wwwwuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiq mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k uQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiq mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k uQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiq mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k uQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsiq mq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 2 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dI fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tzjx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdaNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;idm;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id…fm fm fm fm …lrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;idlrekd iy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…..WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjkb;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjkb;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjkb;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak a;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak a;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak a;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`I,djd wlI,djd;s$ l`I,d Nkaf; idjcAcdjd wwkjcAcdjd;s$wwkjcAcdjd;s$wwkjcAcdjd;s$wwkjcAcdjd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdajd$ l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh jd iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;s 5 tu b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdpquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud ld,dud ud wkqiaifjz ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msglmsglmsglmsgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud gzGzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz

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oZn{m aAgmfk ig[n`vFmkx epAz\vn aAkAreyn smAjp&tfmAn aArOSAkfrFm smZmt ehAHd yhpt vn edyk`vnbv tr~kAn>k+lv tAr~kfk nfSXAvn` strk` mHgfn b<z\h< thv<r[ekAx dkvtf.2

1.prelAv pfLfbHd,ehAHd nrk km%PlvfpAk pfLfgn`nA s<HPdRSXfyk` a[tfekenk=x tmAeg emZ aAtm BAvyvt s<ves gtkLAy[yf emelAvVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.3

2.smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFemn hA ayhpt` sArDm% s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn Ixan<k+l p&tfPly l[ebZyn pfLfg[nFm:dRSXfy a[tf t[n[t`tAx tmA EbHz\edyk` enAkLb[vfn` tmnx ekes ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebn`end[yf emelAvvVeyn` a[tfvn s[nsfll.4

3.smAjp&tfmAn kwkfrFemn hA ayhpt sArDr~m s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn Ix an<k+l p&tfPly l[ebZ yn pfLfg[nFm:dRSXfy a[tf t[n[t`tAhx tmA EbHz\edyk` enAkL b[vfn` tmnx ekes ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebn`end[yf emelAv vVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.5

4.smAj p&tfmAn kwkfrFemn hA ayhpt sArDm%s^klpyn`hf pfhfxFemn` Ix an<k+l p&tfPlyk` kfsft` enAl[ebZyn pflfg[nFm:dRSXfy(eBUtfkvAdF ucZeC~dvAdF hA nAstfvAdF)a[tf t[n[ttAhx tmn EbHz\ edyk enAkLehyfn klfn` enAkLt enAl[ebn vfpAky tmAx ekesvt enAl[ebnbv dnnAehyfn` tmnx ekes ayhpt` p&tfPl l[ebn`end[yf emelAv vVeyn a[tfvn s[nsfll.6

emZ ay<rfn` dAr~Vnfk sTrstrkfn` y<t=v b<z\rz\n` s<r[kFemZv[dgtkm kAlAm v[sfyn`hx epnvA edtf.smAjp&tfmAn s<r[kFemZ v[dgtm ek$z&y lOSNy vn<ey sArDm% s^klp t&ft`vy7 hA eemt&fy kr[NAv m<dftAv hA uepOSAv yn strb&hm vfhrN nm[tf sArDm% s^klp str1 vD%nykfrFemZ v[dgtkm kAlAm v[sfyn`x phdAedn< l[b<evZ.

Ouzud wl`I,d bfuz OuzudOuzud wl`I,d bfuz OuzudOuzud wl`I,d bfuz OuzudOuzud wl`I,d bfuz Ouzud jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh jdjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud mcfyhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 1 tu ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;`ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;`ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;`ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` udududud khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s khfya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLk;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.rE;s hodhodhodhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`I,d nfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfyjsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfyjsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfyjsZ[aZC|+mmiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud a ld,dud a ld,dud a ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 2 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjfla tajx wfjzr ps;a;f;da tajx wnHdcAc ps;af;da tajx wixls,agzG ps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;s 3 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:sifpz fLda mk wF:s mrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=mrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=mrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=mrf,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 4 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhizifNaodldhizifNaodldhizifNaodldhizifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s fyda;s fyda;s fyda;s 5 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx lizips mdmx fpzf;us lfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 6 tu ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiailfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiailfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiailfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bosyx WNfhfkaj jsiqoaO w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS; whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 7 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda wf,dafnda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dhjd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; ys;dh Nkaf; ys;dh Nkaf; ys;dh Nkaf; …. ;x lsx ;x lsx ;x lsx ;x lsx

emZmHgfn p[h[dflfekern<ey iht dkvnld k=Vlm>l t&ft`vyt strb&h`mvfhrNt jAtf aAgmZ eB`dykfn`etArv s{m mn<SYyA vfSeyhfm epAz\Dm%tAvykvn bvyf.2ehvt smAjp&tfmAn s<!kFemhflA atfVyfnm upeyA`gftAmy pdnmk t=lE`vA k&fyAtmkvn bvyf.emZnfsA kAlAm s>t&gt p&tfmAn hA sArDm% vnAhf jAtfaAgmZeBdykfn etArv sfyHPm mn<SYvg%yA vfSeyhf k&fyAtmkkL y<t=v> sdDm% sdcArft& pdDtfyk` bvepen.3emy vwAt` ehAHdfn` p&kxvnen emZvA k&fyAt`mkkfrFmpfNfs kfsfz\ aAgmfk dr~VnvAdyk` vhlkr enAgty<t=bv pvsA EbHz\ dr~VnvAd 10k p&tfeOSp kr dkvA a[tet.emm dr~VnvAd 10t=lfn` elAv EdAsfx anAgty dkvA a[tfvfyh[kf s{m aAgmfk dr~Vnykm smZpfNwnykr dkvAa[t.smhr[ emm aAgmfk dRSXfvA 10x b<z\smy a[t=ltkL enAh[kfbv kfytf.4nm<t` seht=v kr[N< shftv vfg&hkrnklhf b<z\smeyhf d[k`evn kr[N<d apOSpAtFv EvAd vfcAr p>v%kv aDYynykLehAt b<z\smy ihtkF aAgmfk dRSXf10x a[t=lt`kLt kAlAm s>t&eyn vfg&hvn smZmt p&tfPlyx p[mfNFmx inbADAvk` enAvnbv d[kgt h[kfy.b<z\smy aAgmk` vVeyn` EhfEn kr[N< dRSXfmy vVeyn` g&hNykrg[nFm p&tfeOSpkLt` b<z\smyx in`hAnfyk enAvnen hA b<z\smy in`vwAt b[blFmx hA kFr~tfyx pt`vFmx Eym eht=vk vnen sfyHP aAkArey dFSXFn` p&hAnyxmHgkfyAdFm b<z\smey d[kevn vfvfDAkAr ig[nvFmZ mHgfn` sfz\ekern b[vfnf.5dRSXf p&hANyx mAg%y kfyAdFm b<z\smey vfg&hvn ig[nvFmZt=lfn` sfz\vn Ekm kAr~yy vn ehyfnf.6

uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; Nkaf; Nkaf; Nkaf; …. ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ysys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ysys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ysys;dhjd$wys;dhjd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;;dh Nkaf;;dh Nkaf;;dh Nkaf; 1 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkdafLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ….fmfmfmfm… lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id ….uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak uqos;diy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…..WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id ….talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d shx ;:d shx ;:d shx ;:d p;`F:s;x b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id p;`F:s;x b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id p;`F:s;x b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id p;`F:s;x b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jwmqf,akjwmqf,akjwmqf,akjwmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;suy.a.f;ak wmmudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdcfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 2 tu iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGpsfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGpsfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGpsfLda fida ld,dud wrshidflda tajx wfjzr ps;af;da tajx wnHd,cACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da ;af;da ;af;da ;af;da tajxtajxtajxtajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda jsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda jsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda jsiqoaO ps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;da tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;da ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz bfuz p;z;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s 3 tu ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd ;x lsx uZ[a{: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;djd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda wys;djd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda wys;djd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda wys;djd;s$ ys;dh Nkaf; w,qoafOda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;akdh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x wcACO;a;x wcACO;a;x wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sWmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sWmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;sWmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dhjd wys;dhd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi ys;dhjd wys;dhd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi ys;dhjd wys;dhd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi ys;dhjd wys;dhd;s$ys;dh Nkaf; w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx mq.a.f,da fodafiak wjNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK.pzP;s k uqid NK.pzP;s k uqid NK.pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tjx Nkaf;a s tjx Nkaf;a s tjx Nkaf;a s tjx Nkaf;a ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh ;x lsx uZ[afZ[a: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;djd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;a wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqifkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqifkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqifkzj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I d Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I d Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I d Nk;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s tajx Nkaf; 4 tu b;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdhb;s fLda ld,dud hx ;x wfjdapquzy ta: ;uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;Ouzud wkjcacd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x w: ;uzfya ld,dud WmiuzcAc jsyfrhahd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' i fLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dudfLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzwrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzwrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzwrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak cdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak cdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak cdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;iy.f;ak fpz;idfpz;idfpz;idfpz;id…fmfmfmfm…lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id …WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh talx osix trsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a; ;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ainzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ainzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ainzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLs iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk k wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk k wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk k wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;swnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s 6 tu

wd.usl ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; m@;sudk ms<snZoj idlpzPdflfrkqfha iuh iudc jsoHdj(Sociology of Religion) uZ.sks.iuh iudc jsoHdj uZ.ska idlpzPdflfrkakdjQ iudc m@;sudkhka yeZoskafjkafka iuh iudc m@;sudk( Social Norms of Religion) kusks.ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a lrkakdjQ ishZMu iuh iudc m@;sudk hkays iajNdjh tajd lsis|= pska;k wOsldrhlska f;drjSuhs.fuhg iu.duSj ngysr l@shd;aul jkakdjQ wd.u mokuz lr.;a iuh iudc m@;sudkhka uqZMukskau mdfya mokuzj we;af;a wOsldruh pska;kh u;h.fuzksid tajdfhys iajrEmh uqZMukskau w;drAlsl rZM oroZvq iajrEmhla f.k we;.kuq;a ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrk fn#oaO iuh iudc m@;sudkhkays iajrEmh fuhg yd;amiskau jsreoaOh.ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ iuh iudc m@;sudkh;a lsis|= wOsldruh pska;khl n,mEug yiqfkdjQ ;u iajhx md,kh hgf;ys mj;akd jQ foafjhs.fuzksid fuu m@;sudk uqZMukskau w;sYh kuHYS,S iajrEmhla .kakd w;r fnfyjska ;drAlsl jsoHd;aul iajrEmhla m@lg lrhs.

jsfYaIfhka ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk m@;sfCIams; oijsO wOsldruh pska;kh .;fyd;a thska mejfikafka lsis|= wd.usl wdOsm;Hhlg hg;ajS ;ukaf.a pska;k ksoyi mdjdosh hq;` ke;snjls.ishZM kssrAudKjdoS wd.uz W;aiy orkqfha yels;dla ;ukaf.a Y@djlhd pska;kuh js,x.jlg fldgqlr ;enSugh.tuZ.ska Tjqka YdCId;a lrkakg ;e;a lrkqfha wd.fuys wka;rA.;hkays wjspdrd;aul yd wjsoHd;aul iajrEmhhs.tla wjia:djloS nuqKkaf.a wd.usl .~Vjdoh ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka mejiqfjz tnZ|= .~Vjdohla wejeis jkqfha ryia /l.ekSfuz wjYH;djh we;s fldgzGdYhka folla jk nuqKkag;a ia;@Skag;a muKla njhs.ta ;ukag hula iZ.jd.ekSug wjYH;djh fuz fomCIhgu tlfia we;s nejsks.nq|=iufha tnZ|= wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksid nq|=iuhg .~Vjdohla fldfy;au jqjukd fkdfjz.nq|=iuh b;d jsoHkQl~, mokula u; iliajQ jsoHdkQl~, js.@yhka iys; jsoHdkQl~, wd.uls fu;ek jsoHdj hk jpkh mdjspzps lf<a ngysr YoaO jsoHd( Western Pure Sciences) hk wrA:fhka fkdfjz jsoHdkQl~, pska;khlska fyj;a ksis whqrska jspdrmQrAjlj ifya;lj Ydia;@Sh jYfhka wOHhkh l<yels jgdmsgdjlska iukajs; njhs.ngysr iuh ixl,amhka Nla;sf.dapr jkjd muKs.tajd nqoaOsf.dapro m@Z{df.dapro fkdfjz ngysr YoaO jsoHdjka nqoaOs f.dapr jkjd usila m@Z{df.dapr fkdfjz.Y@S ioaOrAuh nqoaOs f.dapr fjz tfukau m@Z{d f.dapro fjz fuz ksidh nq|=oyu jsoHdkQl~, mokula we;s oyula nj mejiqfjz.

idrOu! prAhduh jYfhka m@ldY jkafka YS,m@;smodj;,sks wm fuf;la jsuid ne,Q ixl,amhkays m@cdkk wdfjzok fCIa;@hka idrOu!hkays mZ[aZ[d iy Wmfhda.s;d ,CIK iy iodpdrh hkmshjr mqoa., wNHka;r fhys is|=jk l@shdj,Skah.ta yeu prAhdjg mrsjrA;kh jS m@ldYhg m;ajk wjia:dj YS, m@;smodjhs.idudkH jHjydrh ;, jskh kuska Ndjs;hg .efkkqfhao fulS YS, m@;smodjuh YS, m@;smodj;, wka;rA.; prAhduh m@ia;;hka jskfhys wka;rA.; jS we;.m@;sudk ke;fyd;a Ouzu;d jYfhka idlpzPdjg .efkkqfhao fuu YS, m@;smodjg wh;a prAhduh m@ia;;hhs.

idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhd;< cks; lrjSfuys wjidk m@;sM,h ke;fyd;a M,h YS, m@;smodjhs. ke;fyd;a m@;sudkhs.ta ksid idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhd;<g m@jsYaG lrjSfuys idrA:l widrA: Ndjh ueksh hq;jkafka YS,h ke;fyd;a m@;sudk mdol lrf.khs.jsjsO wd.uz ms<s.kakd idudkH ck;dj ta wd.usl l@shdj,Ska uZ.ska Tjqka;< ia:dms; lrkf,i tlS wd.usl ixorANhka fj;g wdhdpkd lrkq ,nkafka ;u;ukaj nerskuz ;ukaf.a orejka fyda YS, iuzmkak iudc m@;sudk wdrCIdlrk ukqIHhka lrfok f,ihs.iudcfhys .KOu! msrsfyk jsg idrOu! ixl,amhka is;ai;kays jO!kh lrjd tlS msrsfyk udkj .;s.K h:d;;ajhg m;alr,Su msKsi m@;slrAuhla fidhkafka idrOu! ixl,amhka udkjhkaf.a is;a;<g ldjoaokakdjQ jsjsO wd.usl Ydia;Djre udrA.fhks.

fydZou YS,m@;smodj fmkakquz lrkafka flfkl;< jefvk iajhx md,kfhkshs fyda,a,Sfvz (1961)lshhs. iajhx YsCIKh iuZ. iajhx md,kh yd iajhx fufyhjSu tlaj hk wNHka;r l@shdj,Ska fjz.we.aksjz(1964) YS,m@;smodj m@;scdkk oDIags fldaKhlska n,hs.weh mjik mrsos YS,m@;smodj jkdyS mqoa., wNHka;rfhys md,k moaO;shl Wiia jO!kfhys M,h jYfhkq;a my<jk ;udf.a iqNisoaOshg yd m@.;shg fya;jkakdjQo iudc ms,s.ekSu;,ska ;udg wdrCIdj i<id fokakdjQo prAhd rgdjls.

udkjhska iajhx YsCIKh uZ.ska idrOu! ixl,am jO!kh lr.akd wdldrh fkdauka fcA nq,a (1979)jsiska olajd we;.th jkdyS oSrA> jrAOkhlska my< jkakls fkdauka fcA nq,a udkjfhl iajhx YsCIK l@shdj,sh uZ.ska ixjrAOkh jk wjOs fufia olajhs.

1 k YsCIKh ( Anomy)

2 ndysr YsCIKh ( Heteronmy )

3 iudc YsCIKh ( Socionomy)

4 iajhx YsCIKh ( Autonomy )

fuu lreKq fya;fjka jvd;a wrA:j;a YS,m@;smodj jkafka lulao$th udkjhka;< idrOu! ixl,am ixjO!kh lsrSu msKsi Wmfhda.S jkafka flfiao$iudch moaO;shla;< udkjhska YS, iuzmkakjSug idrOu! b.ekajSuzj,g flfia Wmldr jsh yelso$hkak ms<snZoj iEu idrOu! YsCIfhlgu ukd oekqula o tfiau Vg wod<jk wdl,am lY,;d ufkdp,l l@shj,Ska ixjO!kh lrjkafka flfiao hkak ms<snZoj ukd wjfndaOhla o ;snsh hq;h.idudkH iudc.; idrOu!hkays ufkdpd,l wjia:dj m@lg lrkafka mxpYS, m@;smodfjks. ld,du i@;@fhys fuu mxpYS, m@;smodj idrOu! l@shdj,sfhys wrUqu yd wjidk ksIaGdj hk wxYfolu uQrA;su;a lrkakla f,iska fmkajdoS ;sfnkqfha fuz ksidh.fuz mrspzfPAofhka ta ms<snZoj idlpzPd flrS we;af;a ta ksidh.mxpYS, YsCIKh hkafkys wrA: folla we;snj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmfka.tajd kuz

1 iajhx YsCIKh.

2 ksjeros l@shdj.

fuu folgu uQ,dY@ jkafka wNHka;r ms<sfj<hs.( Inner Order ) fuh mxpYS, m@;smodfjys wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj f,i wrA:l:kh l<yel.mxpYS, m@;smodfjys tkakdjQ YsCIdmo mfiys jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh meyeos,s lroSu ld,du iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakdjQ b.ekajSuz ;,ska is|=jS we;.th my; oelafjk wdldrhg jsuid ne,sh yelsh.mxpYS, m@;smodfjys iEu YsCIdmohlau fldgia foll ia:rhla hgf;a idlpzPdjg Ndckh fjz.tkuz

1fjzruKS-jsr;sh ke;fyd;a je<lSu.

2 iudoshdus-tu jro is|=lsrSug n,mdkakdjQ ishZMu lreKqj,ska je<lSu yd Bg m@;smCI Ou!;d jO!kh. lsrSu-fuz hgf;a isjz nU jsyrKhkays jsia;r flfrkakdjQ lY, ixl,amhka l@shd;aul lsrSu wh;afjz

nq|=iufhys js.@yjk mxpYS, m@;smodj hgf;a je<lsh hq;jQ tfukau wdrCIdlr .;hq;jQ uQ<sl ukqIH idrOu! f,I ie<flkakdjQ iudc m@;sudk myla ms<snZoj olajd ;sfnz tajd kuz

1 mdKd;smd;d fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus-mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu yd wkHcSjs; iqrCIs; lsrSu

2 woskakdodkd fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus- wkHfoam< mrsyrKfhka je<lSu yd wkHfoam< iqrCIs; lsrSu

3 ldfuziq uspzPdpdrd fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – us:Hdldu fiajkfhka je<lSu yd mjq,a ixia:dj iqrCIs; lsrSu msKsi lghq; lsrSu

4 uqidjdod fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – fndrelSfuka je<lSu yd jpkh Ndjs;fhaoS I;H uD|= m@sh jpk Ndjs;hg .ekSu

5 iqrdfuzrh upcAPmud ogzGdkx fjzruKS islaLdmox iudoshdus – mshjs isysfhka lghq;` fkdlsrSfukao by; olajk,o jeros is|=lsrSug Wojzjk udkisl fm<UjSuz j,skao w;ausoSu yd isysfhka yd kqjKska hq;j lghq; lsrSfukao by; olajk ,o jeros j,ska w;ausoS hymf;ys ksr;jSug wjYH lrkakdjQ udkisl fm<UjSuz j,ska wkHhka osrsu;a lrjSfukao hqla;jSu

1 m@dK>d;h –

m@dK>d;h kuzz iFjfhlf.a osjs f;drlsrSuhs Wmkaf,dalfha yegshg cSjsf;aJ|@sh meje;ajSug iq|=iq ld,h mj;ajkakg bv fkdoS huzlsis Wml@udoshlska w;r;roS cSjsf;aJ|@sh jkid oeuSu m@dK>d;hhs m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=jSug wx. mila iuzmQrAK jshhq;h tkuz

1 m@dKsfhljSuh

2 m@dKsfhl hk yeZ.Suh

3 jOl fpz;kdjh

4 urkq msKsi Wml@u lsrSuh

5 thska urKhg m;ajSuh hkq ta wx. mihs

ldh oajdr jdla oajdr hk folska tla oajdrhlska fuz wx. mi iuzmQrAK jSfuka if;lf.a osjs f;drjQ jsg Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=jkafkah fuz wx. mi iuzmQrAK fkdjS flfkl uq,ajSfuka iFjfhlf.a cSjs;h keiqk;a Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=fkdfjz hk tkjsg fkdoek mhg mE.s fndfyda mdKSyq urKhg m;afj;s lUqre fldgkjsg f.djshdf.a Woe,a,g wiqjS fnfyda m@dKSyq kefi;s myka oe,ajQl, m<.egs wdoS lvd m@dKSyq thg jegS uefr;s tfy;a lsisjlyg;a ta l@shdjkaf.ka m@dK>d; wlY< lu!h is|=fkdfjz jOl fpz;kdj fkdfh|=k nejsks

;uka huzlsis iFjfhlf.a osjs f;drlrk msKsi ;shqKq ie;lska myr|=kajsg thska ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a; jk i;d fkdj ta wi, isgs fjk;a if;lyg ta ie;a myrjeoS thska b,lal.; iFjhd fkdj fjk;a wfhl urKhg m;ajqkfyd;a ie;a myr |=ka ;eke;a;dg m@dK>d; is|=fkdfjzz ta ;uka myr|=ka i;dg usi urKhg m;ajQ I;df.a osjs f;dr lsrSfuz fpz;kdjla myr|=ka ;eke;a;dg fkdue;s ksidh

tfiau if;l urkq msKsi ie;amyr t,a,l< jsg thska tlS iFjhd fkduf<a kuz ie;amyr T,a, l< ;eke;a;dg m@dK>d;h is|=fkdfjhs tfy;a tys jsYd, fjkila ;sfnz ie;a myr ksid ;jd, ,enQ I;d wjqre|= lSmhla f.jS fyda tu ie;a myr ksid ,;a ;jd, fya;fjka u urKhg m;afjzkuz ie;amyr t,a,l< whg tlS ie;a myr t,a,l< js.iu iFjhdf.a cSjsf;aJ|@sh f;drjSug m@:ufhkau m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h isoaO fjkq we; ffjoHjrfhl frda.sfhlg

ie;alula lrkjsg Tyq thska urKhg m;afjhs fjhs ffjoHjrhd frda.shd iqjlr .ekSfuz woyiska usi urK fpz;kdjlska ie;alu fkdl<ksid Tyqg m@dK>d; wlY,h is|=

fkdfjhs

jskh msglhg wh;a mdrdcsld md<sfhys ukqiai js.@yfhaoS mdrdcsldmd,sfhysoS ukqiai js.a.y mdrdcsld wejf;ys NsCIqkula mrscshg m;ajk fkdjk whqre m@dK>d; wlY,h jk fkdjk whqre uekjska olajd ;sfnz

oskla tla;rd NsCIqkula msKavmd;h msKsi f.orlg jevsfhah wiqkl froaolska jid ksoslrk ,o orefjl u; ta NsCIqku ysZo .;s thska lvd orejd urKhg m;ajsh fuz ldrKh .ek iel Wmojd ta NsCIq ku nq|=rcdKkajykafiag oekajSh nq|=yq lreKq mrSCIdfldg thska tu NsCIq ku mrscs wej;g fkdmeusKsnj jod<y mrscs wej;la fkdjQnj jodf<a jOl fpz;kdjla ta NsCIq kug ke;s ksidh thska m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h o is|= fkdjSh

m@dK>d; lu!h is|=jkdldr ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS jsjsOdlrfhka tajd is|=jsh yelsnj fmkS hhs fuu m@dK>d; lu!h is|=jk jsjsO wdldrhka m@dK>d; lu!fha m@fhda. f,I yeZoskafjz tnZ|= m@fhda.hka ihla Ou!fhys olajd ;sfnz tkuz

1 idyF:slh

2 ksiai.a.slh

3 wdK;a;slh

4 :djrh

5 jscAcduh

6 boaOsuh hkqfjka m@dK>d;h iuznJO m@fhda. ih olajd we;

1 idyF:sl- w;amdj,ska .id fyda lh ms<snZoj fyda ie;a uq.re wdoshlska .id fyda ish;skau hfulf.a osjs f;dr lrkafkl yg idyF:sl m@fhda.h hgf;a m@dK>d; lu!h is|=fjz

2 ksiai.a.sl - |=r isgsk wfhl urkq msKsi lhska fyda lh ms<snZo hulska fyda .,a uq.re wjs wdhqO jsis lsrSuz jYfhka fyda hfulf.a osjs f;drlrkafkl yg ksiai.a.sl m@fhda.h hgf;a m@dK>d; lu!h is|=fjz

3 wdK;a;sl – ish;ska fkdurd wij,ayq urjhs kshu lsrSu wdK;a;sl m@fhda.h kuzfjz fuys,d jF:q,ld,, Tldi, wdhqO, brshdm:, lsrshd jsfiai hk fuz lreKq iho weKjSu iuznFOfhka o;hq;h

4 :djr – ud.!j, fndrej,j,a leKSu ks;r mrsfNda. lrk weZoka wdosfhys wekSug yelsjk f,I bZoslgq wdosh ;enSu <sx fmdlKq wdosfhys jsI nyd,Su hkdosh :djr m@fhda. kuz fjhs th;a Woaosi wkqoaosi jYfhka

oajsjsO fjhs

5 jscAcduh – huz flfklka urkq msKsi uka;@ jscAcd wdosh lsrsu jscAcdh m@fhda. kuz fjhs

6 boaOsuh – W;am;a;sfhkau wkqka uerSug iu;a lu! jsmdl iDoaOs ,nd we;sfhla ijlSh iDoaOs n,fhka fkdfhla jsldr lsrSfuka wkqkaf.a osjs f;dr flfrAo$ th iDoaOsuh m@fhda.h kuz fjhs

iFjhka jsiska lrkq ,nk m@dK>d; wlY, lu! ish,a,lau tl yd iudk fkdfjz tajd tlsfklg fjkia fj;s fuu fjkia lu fya;fjka tajdfhys w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fNaoh olakg ,efnz w,am idjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh ,efnkafka urkq ,nk iFkhkaf.a .Kd.Khkaf.a yegshg yd uerSug lrkq ,nk Wml@uhkaf.a yegshg;ah .K ySkhkao .K jsrys;hkao ;srsika.; m@dKSka w;frka lvd m@dKSka keiSfuka w,am idjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs .Kj;kao uyd YrSr we;shkao uerSfuka uydidjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs

w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaofha usksia ;srsika I;kaf.a jYfhka jsYd, fjkila ;sfnz uqfjlf.a osjs f;dr lsrSug jvd jsYd, Wml@uhla wef;lf.a osjs f;dr lsrSug .;hq; fjhs thska we;s uerSfuka uyd idjoH m@dK>d; wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs tfy;a we;d jsYd, jqjo Tyqg jvd uqjd .Kfhka jevskuz uqjdf.a osjs keiSfuka uyd idjoH wlY,h is|=fjhs

;jo urkq ,nk iFjhd lvd jqj;a uy;a jqj;a m@dKh f;drlsrSug .kakd Wml@uh iujqj;a jOl fpz;kdjkaf.a fjkila ;sfnz uyd m@dKsfhl keiSfuysoS we;sjk fl@dO(jOl) fpa;kdj uy;ajk ksid tu lu!h uyd idjoH fjhs jOl fpz;kdj wvqjQ jsg th w,amidjoH fjhs fuz oelsjQfha ;srsika I;ka ms<snZo w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaohhs

ukqIHhka w;r .KySkhka uerSu w,am idjoH fjhs .Kj;ka uerSu uydidjoH fjhs m@fhda. uy;ajh yd fpz;kd uy;ajh hk lreKq wkqjo m@dK>d; lu!h w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fjhs YrSr Yla;sfhka |=j!, .KySkfhlf.a osjs f;drlsrSug .kakd Wml@uh n,j;a jk ksid jOl fpz;kdjo n,j;a fjhs tnejska tu lu!h uyd idjoH fjhs iudk .Kj;kaf.a osjs f;drlsrSfuysoS w,am idjoH yd uyd idjoH fNaoh is|=jkafka Wml@uhkaf.a m@n, |=j!,luz wkqj yd t msKsi .kakd n,j;a wdhdifhaoS we;sjk jOl fpz;kd;a wkqj fjz m@fhda. uy;ajh fyda jia; uy;ajh fyda fkdue;sjQ jsg urKhg m;ajk whf.a .K uy;ajh wkqj lu!h uydidjoH fjz .K ySkFjh wkqj lu!h w,am idjoH fjz m@;siJOs jsZ{dkh iuZ. my<jk usksia if;l` ms<snZo ishquz l,,a rEmh keiSuo m@dK>d; wlY, lu!hls

iFjhka jsiska lrkq ,nk m@dK>d; wlY, lu!fhka ,efnk jsmdl m@;siJOs jsmdl yd m@jD;a;s jsmdl jYfhka oajsjsO fjz krl ;srsika fm@a; hk wmdhkays Wmod,Su m@dK>d; lu!hdf.a m@;siJOs jsmdl kus tu lu!fhka Wmka iFjhd yg ta ta cSjs;j,oS fkdfhla frda.jHikdoS jsm;a;Ska we;s lr,Su m@jD;a;s jsmdl kus m@dK>d; lu!h l< ;eke;a;d fjk;a lY,hlska usksia f,dj Wmka jsgo tys wvqmdvq we;sfjhs

2 wo;a;dodkh –

jia; ysushd jsiska lhska fyda jpkfhka fyda kq|=ka jia;jla fidr is;ska fyda ysushd /jgSfuka fyda nsh .ekajSfuka fyda n,yd;aldrfhka fyda th meyer .ekSfuka wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs wo;a;dodk lu!h iuZmQrAK jSug wx. myla wjYH fjhs tkuz

1 wkai; jia;jla jSuh

2 wkqka wh;anj oek .ekSuh

3 fidr is;h

4 ;snQ ;ekska mhlsrSuh

5 th fidrd .ekSuh hkq ta wx. myhs

wo;a;dok lu!h is|=l< yels wdldr jsismyla jskfhys iZoyka fjhs tu wdldr jsismy m@Odk ldrKd mylg f.dkqlr oelajsh yelsh tkuz

1 kkdkdNKav mZ[aplh

2 tlNKav mZ[aplh

3 idyF:sl mZ[aplh

4 mqnznmfhda. mZ[aplh

5 f:hHydr mZ[aplh fuz tl tlla mdid ;j;a wkq fldgia my ne.ska jrA.jk ksid wo;a;dodk lu!h l<yels wdldr jsismy iEfohs

1 kdkdNKav mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia mylg jrA.fjz tkuz

1 wdosfhhH – fuhska woyia jkafka furud wh;a wdrdudos jia;j kvqlshd ;udg wh;a lr.ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a jia;j ms,snZo wdYdj iuZmQrAKfhka w;ayerSfuka wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

2 yfrhH – wkqka wh;a jia;jla fyda NdKavhla f.k hoaoS fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

3 wjyfrhH – wkqka ;ud <. ;snQ jia;jla fkdoS meyer .ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;j wjika jQ jsg wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

4 brshdm: jsfldfmhH – NdKav f.khk wh iuZ. th .kq leu;sj brshjz fjkialsrSuhs m<uq .uka lruska isgs uZ.ska wka uZ.lg hkq msKsi m<uq mshjr blaujd fojk mshjr keZ. l,ays wo;a;dodkh is|=fjhs

5 GdkdpdfjhH – wkqka I; jia;jla fidr is;ska ;snQ ;ekska meyer .ekSuhs fuz kdkdNKav mZ[plh ijsZ[aZ[dKl wjsZ[aZ[dKl jYfhka oajsjsO fjz

2 tlNKav mZ[aplh – by; olajk ,o wdldrhg ijsZ[aZ[dKl jia;~ka fidr is;ska .ekSu tlNKav mZ[aplh kuz fjz

1 wdosfhhH – furud wh;a ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka kvq lshd ;udg wh;a lr.ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a ji;j ms<snZo wdidj iuZmQrAKfhka w;ayerSfuka wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

2 yfrhH – wkqkag wh;a ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjfhla f.k hoaoS fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

3 wjyfrhH – wkqka ;ud <Z. wdrCIdj msKsi k;rl< ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka fkdoS meyer .ekSuhs fuys,d ysushdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;j wjika jQ jsg wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

4 brshdm: jsfldfmhH – ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka legsj hk wh iuZ. tlg .uka lruskau Tjqka I; ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka ;udi; lr.ekSfuz wNs,dYfhka hq;j brshjz fjkialr .ekSuhs m<uq .uka lruska isgs u.ska wka uZ.lg hkq msKsi m<uq mshjr blaujd fojk mshjr keZ. l,ays wo;a;dodkh is|=fjz

5 GdkdpdfjhH – wkqka i; ia;@S mqreIhka fyda iFjhka fidr is;ska Tjqka isgs ;ekska leue;af;ka fyda wlue;af;ka meyerf.k hduhs

3 idyF:sl mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia myla hgf;a idlpzPdjg ,la flfrhs tkuz

1 idyF:sl – wkqka I; jia;j fyda foafmd< ish;skau fidr is;ska .ekSuhs

2 wdKF:sl – wkqka,jd fidrluz lrjSug lghq; ms,sfh< lsrSuhs

3 ksiai.a.sl – NdKavj,g n|= wolrk ia:dkh we;<; isg NdKav t;ekska msg;g jSis fldg miqj meusK fidrluz lrf.k hduhs msgrgska meusfKkakdjQ NdKavj,g ;Sre .dia; jxpdfldg fydr ryfia tlS NdKav frA.fjys weiska usoS msg;g f.k hduo wh;a jkqfha fuu j.!hghs

4 wF:idOl – wiqj,a whf.a jia;j bv ,enqkq jsgl f.dia fidrd f.k tkf,I wK lsrSuhs wK ,enQ ;eke;a;d wjqre|= .Kkla f.jS fyda th meyer .kafka kuz wK l<yqg tjsgu wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs wkHhdg .;a flfkysu wo;a;dodkh is|=fjhs

5 Oqr kslafLzm – wka I; jia;jla jia; ysushd rjgd Tyqf.a jia;j ms<snZo ;snqKq wdidj ke;s lrjd fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs

4 mqnznmfhda. mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia mylg jrA. flfrhs tkuz

1 mqnznmfhda. – wkai; jia;jla fidr is;ska meyer .ekSu msKsi lrkq ,nk m<uq m@fhda.hhs hulg wkai; jia;j fidrluz lsrsug wK lsrSu;a wK ,enQjyq th meyer .ekSu;a hk jev folla bka is|=fjz wK ,enQ ;eke;a;d fkdjrojdu th .kS kuz wdKdmlhdg (weKjQjdyg) kshu l< flfkysu mQj! m@fhda. jYfhka wo;a;dodk lu!h is|= fjhs

2 iym@fhda. – wkqka i; jia;j ;ukag wh;alr .ekSu msKsi lrk m@fhda.hhs thska wjika m@fhda.fhka wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjz

3 ixjsodydr – wkai; jia;j lsysm fofklka tlajS f.dia fidr is;ska meyer .ekSuhs tlaj .shjqka w;frka tll kuq;a jia;j meyer .;a l,ays ishZM fokdgu wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

4 ixfla; luzu – fmrjre miajre jYfhka ld, kshuhla fldg fidrluz lrjSuhs ta kshul< i<lKq fkdjrojd wkai; jia;j fidr is;ska .;a flfkysu wKl< whyg wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs .;a;yqg .;a flfkysu wo;a;dodkh fjhs

5 ksus;a; luzu – wkai; jia;j neu yels<Sudos ixZ{djla fldg fidrluz lrjSuhs ksus;a;g fmr miq fkdjS th meyer .kS kuz ksus;s lSjyqg tflfkys;a .;a;yqg .;a flfkys;a wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

5 f:hHdjydr mZ[aplh – fuho ;j;a wkq fldgia myla jgf;a idlpzPdjg ,la flfrhs tkuz

1 f:hHdjydr – wkai; jia;j ;,d l~gdosfhka jZ[apd fldg fyda fndre lyjKq udre fldg fyda .ekSu

2 mihajydr – .@du >d;lhka fuka wkai; jia;j n,y;aldr luska .ekSu yd whn|= wOslj .ekSu;ah

3 mrslmamjydr – wkai; jia;jla ;uka .kakd jsg uy;a nZ|=kaj,ska ueK .ekSu yd jslKk jsg lvd nZ|=ka j,ska ueK jslskSuhs l~g fjf<Z|=kayg NdKav fydrg ueKSfuzoS yd uqo,a jZ[apd lsrSfuzoS;a fuhska wo;a;dodk lu!h is|=fjhs

4 mgspzPkakdjydr – wkqkag wh;a uq|= wdoS jia;jla oel fld< wdoshlska jid ;nd miqj fidr is;ska iZ.jd .ekSuhs

5 lidjydr – lim;a ,d huzlsis jia;jla fnok l,ays wkqkaf.a fldgi fidrd .kq rsisfhka wkqkaf.a lqim; ;udf.a fldgig oud .ekSuhs

wkqkag wh;a jgskdluska wvq jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSfuka w,amidjoH wo;a;dodk wlY,h is|=fjhs wkqka i; jgskdluska jevs jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSfuka uyd idjoH wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs fuysoSo m@dK>d; lu!fha fuka .K uy;ajh m@fhda. uy;ajh jia; uy;ajh fpz;kd uy;ajh wkqj w,amidjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh is|=fjhs

jgskdluska wvq jia;jla jqj;a th whs;s ysushd .KdOslfhla kuz Tyqf.a jia;j fidrd .ekSfuka uyd idjoH wlY,h is|=fjhs .KySkfhl jia;jla fidr is;ska .ekSu w,amidjoHo .KdOslfhl i; jia;jla fidr is;ska meyer .ekSu uyd idjoHo fjhs

.Kfhka iudk fofofklf.a NdKav fidrd .ekSfuzoS tu NdKavj, f,dl lvd fNaoh wkqj w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaoh fjhs .K uy;ajh wkqjo uydidjoH fjhs |=YaYS,fhlf.a fohlg jvd mkais,a rlskd ;eke;a;df.a jia;jo .ekSu uydidjoHhs .sysfhlf.a fyda fohlg jvd mkais,a rlskd ;eke;a;df.a jia;jo thg jvd by< YS,hla rlskakdf.a jia;jo .ekSu uydidjoHhs .wywfhlf.a fohlg jvd idufKarfhl I; fohla .ekSuo idufKarfhl i; fohlg jvd Wmiuzmkak NsCIqkula I; fohla .ekSuo Wmimka uyfKl I; fohg jvd iZ. i; fohla .ekSuo uy;a jro fjhs fuz wkqj fuys w,am idjoH uyd idjoH fNaoh o;hq;hs

wkqka i; foh fidr is;ska meyer.;a wh fuf,djoSu f,dalhdf.a fkdfhla kskaod wmydi jO ysxid wdosh ,n;s kS;shg yiqj fkdfhla oZvqjuzz jsZos;s urKska u; krl ;srsika fm@a; wmdhhkays bmso wkka; |=la jsZos;s wmdfhka usZoS usksi;a nj ,enQ jsgo fkdfhla wvqmdvqj,ska hqla; os<sZ|= wirK cSjs; ,n;s cSj;a jSug jsYd, W;aiyhla .ks;s

3 lduus:Hdpdrh –

f,daoyug jsreoaOjk f,i huzlsis mqreIfhl fyda ia;@shl fyda ldufhys jrojd yeisrSuhs fjk;a ysusfhl I; fyda ujzmsh ifydaordoS huz flfklka jsiska fyda rlskq ,nk ia;@shl ish leue;af;kau fyda n,fhka fyda ldufhys jrojd yeisrSu fya;fldg f.k mqreIhkg ldu us:Hdpdr wlY,h is|=fjhs ;uka rlskq ,nk kshus; ysushd isgsoaoS fjk;a mqreIhka iuZ. wkdpdrfhys yeisrSfuka ia;@Skag ldu us:Hdpdr wlY,h is|=fjhs ldu us:Hpdr wlY,h is|= jSug lreKq i;rla iuzmQrAK jsh hq;h tkuz

1 fkdhdhq; ia;@shl fyd mqreIfhl jSuh

2 fiajk is;h

3 ta msKsi W;aiy lsrSu kuz jQ u.ska u. ms<smeoSuh

4 fiajkh bjiSuh hkq ta wx. i;rhs

fuz wx. i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka ldu us:Hdpdrh is|=fjhs mqreIhkag w.ukSh ia:dkhka yegshg ud;rlaLs;d ms; rlaLs;d wdos jYfhka jsia;r jk ia;@Syq fj;s ldu us:Hdpdrfhys w,amidjoH uydidjoH fNaoh flfiao h;a YS,doS .K jsrys;jQjka flfrys kuz w,amidjoH fjhs .K iuzmkakhka flfrys kuz uyd idjoH fjhs fofokdf.au tlfia leue;a; we;s l,ays;a m@fhda. uy;ajh wvq l,ays;a w,am idjoH fjhs YS,doS .K jsrys; jqj;a n,fhka fyda ;rAckdosfhlska fyda wOsl W;aidyhlska fyda ldu us;Hdpdrfhys yeisfrA kuz uydidjoH fjhs

wkdpdrYS,sj ldu fiajkfhys fh|=Kq wh fuf,djoSu f,dalhdf.a fkdfhla kskaod wmydi ,n;s wkqkaf.a ;dvk mSvkj,g kS;sfha /yekg wiqjS wm@udK |=lg m;afj;s ,sx.dY@s; frda.hkag f.d|=refj;s fujeks we;euz ,sx.dY@; frda.hkag ;ju ksYaps; ffjoH m@;sldr mjd fidhdf.k fkdue;a;djQ udrdka;sl frda. fjhs fujeks frda. fya;fjka ryfia fndfyda ms<sl,a iy.;jQ whqrska ;Sj@ lgql |=la fjzokd jsZo wjidkfha wld,fha fndfyda fjzokdldrS fidapkSh urKhkag uqyqK fo;s urKska u; krlfhys yd ;srsika wmdfhys bmso wkka; |=lg f.d|=re fj;s usksi;anj ,enQ jsgo ish .Kka wd;auNdjhkays mjd ia;@Syq fyda oajs,sx.sl kmqxildosyq fyda fj;s

ldufhys jrojd yeisrSu ksid mqreIfhda ia;@Syq fj;s ia;@Syq kmqxilhka fj;s wju ;ruska ia;@S wd;au Ndjfhka fyda fkdusfo;s kmqxilfhda tlS wd;auNdjfhka fkdusfo;s iajNdjfhkau mqreIhkag jvd ia;@skaf.a ldudYdjka W;aikak ;;ajfhys mj;shs ia;@Skag;a jvd kmqxilhkaf.a ldudYdjka wOsl;rh fuu kmqxlhkaf.ao ldudYdfjys wOsl;r Ndjh wkqj fuhg;a jvd my< ugzguzj, jQ mKavl Wnf;danHxckl wdoS ;j;a ukqIH yd ;srsika cSjS jrA. ms<snZoj jskh msglfhys idlpzPd flfrA fujekakka jrA;udk iudcfhys lukdldrfhka yeZosk.kafkao hk .egZMj u;fjz we;euzfokd ;ukag i;rewhg neKjeoSu iZoydo oafjzI iy.; whqrska Tjqkag ks.re lsrSu iZoydo fujeks mohkaf.ka we;euzfokd yZ|=kajk nj fmfk;;a th fujeks wh yZ|=.ekSu iZoyd idrA:l l@ufjzohla hehs is;sh fkdyelafla tys lsis|= jsoHd;aul pska;khla .enzfkdjk fyhsks iuyrjsg lsis|= ndysr jsfYaI ksus;a;la rys;ju tnkaokaf.a yeiSrSuz rgdjka lrK fldgf.k yZ|=kd.; yelsfjz

wOsl ldudYdfjka hqla;nj yd ta iZoyd TzkEu iudc iuzu; fkdjk l@uNdjs;hg f.k ish ldudYdjka ;Dma;su;a lr.ekSug m@h;ak orkakdjQ ukqIHfhda tlaflda fujeks mqoa.,hkah ke;fyd;a tu mqoa.,Ndjhg meusKSu iZoydjk l@shdud.! .kakka f,i wkqudkl< yel WNf;d nHxcklhka jkdys ia;@S iqreI ksus;s folu we;sj ta fya;fjkau lsisfia;a ;u cSjs; ld,h;,oS imqrd.; fkdyels b;du W;aikak .;jQ ldudYdfjka ksrka;rfhka msvd jsZoskakdjQ w;sYhska |=laLs; brKula .; lrkakka nj oelafjz fudjqka ishZM fokdu idudkH iajNdjh fyj;a m@lD;sh blaujd jslD;shg m;ajQ fyhska uyckhd wm@sh lrk jsrEmS wiajdNdjsl YrSr we;a;dyq fj;s idudkHfhka iudcfha |=Yaprs;j;aNdjh |+Is; yd jsmrS; iajNdjh jO!kh jk wjia:dj,oS thg idfmaCIlj fujeks my;a ckauhla we;a;ka ixLHd;aulj jevsjk fyhska iudc |+Is; Ndjh uek .kakd usKqula f,io th Ndjs;d l< yelsh

4 uqidjdoh –

wikakka uq,d lrjkq msKsi wi;H jQjla I;Hhla f,iska mrkg mejiSu uqidjdo kuzfjhs fya jkdys wi;H m@jD;a;shla i;H f,iska olajkq leue;s whf.a ldh jdla m@fha. My< lrkakdjQ fpz;kdjhs isoaOjQ I;H fohla isoaO fkdjqKq wi;Hhla f,iska wfkfllyg m@ldY lsrSfuzoS we;sjk fpz;kdjo uqidjdo kuz fjz jd.a oajdrfhka fukau ldh oajdrfhkao uqidjdo wlY,h is|=fjhs uqidjdo wlY, is|=jSug wx. i;rla wjYHh fjhs tkuz

1 wi;Hhla jSuh

2 wkHhka rjgk is;h

3 lhska fyda jokska fyda fndrej yeZ.jSfuz W;aiyh

4 wikakd woyi f;reuz .ekSuh hk ta wx. i;rhs

fuz lrekq i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka uqidjdo wlI,h is|=jk nejz o;hq;h jskfhys iZoykajk yegshg Wmimka uyfKla W;re usksiaouz weZ.jSug fndrelshd kuz mrscs fjz wuQ,sl mdrdcsldfjka fpdaokd lrkakyqg ix>dosfiai fjz ix>dosfiaifhka fpdaokd lrkakyqg mps;sfjz wdpdr jsm;a;sfhka wkqoaOxikh lrkakyqg |=l<d weje;afjz ‘fhd f; jsydfr ji;s’fhd f; jsydfr ji;s’fhd f; jsydfr ji;s’fhd f; jsydfr ji;s’ hkdoska wkq whqrlska W;re usksia oyuz wdfrdapkh iZoyd fndre lshkakyqg ;,is fjz idudkHfhka idudkHfhka oek oek fndre lshkakyqg mps;s weje;a fjz wkqka,jd hfula fndre lshjd kuz tysoS weKjqjyqg;a fndrej lSjyqg;a fofokdgu uqidjdo lu!h is|=fjhs

5 iqrdfuzrh mdkh –

uohg;a m@udohg;a fya;jQ ryfur mdkh lsrSu iqrdmdk wlY,h kuzfjz iqrdmdkh ldhoajdrfhka is|=fjk wlY, lu!hls th oY wlY, jsNd.fhaoS ldu us:Hdpdrhg w;<;a fjhs fjku lu! m:hla jYfhka fkd.kakd ,oafoa ldu us:Hdpdr wlY, lu! m:hg Wmldr;ajfhka we;<;jk ksidh iqrdmdk ud;@h lu!hls th uohg yd m@udohg lreKqjSfuka iFjhd fkdfhla mdm l@shdjka lsrSug fm<fUhs tjsg ta yd fh|=Kq iqrdmdk wlY,h wm@udK ld,hla ksrfhys bmoSug iuF:! wlY, lu!hlao fjhs iqrd jrA. myla ms<snZoj OrAufhys iZoyka fjz tkuz

1 msgzG iqrd – iy,a msgs jeks msgsj,ska iliafldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

2 mQj iqrd – lejs,sj,ska iliafldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

3 Tok iqrd – n;aj,ska iliafldg fmrd .kq,nk uoHhhs

4 lsKaK iqrd mlaLs;a; iqrd – OdkH wxlrdoS nSc ixfhda.fldg fmrd,kq ,nk uoHhhs

5 iuzndr ixhqla; iqrd – wn wdos fkdfhla |@jHhka ixfhda.fldg fmrd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

furh hk kuska yeZoskafjkafka huz huz |@jHhka m,a fldg ;kd .kq ,nk YrAlrduh ixfhda.hkah fuzjdo mia jeoEreuz fjz tkuz

1 mqmaMdij – uS ;,a fmd,a wdoS u,a rih f.k m,afldg ;kd .kq,nk uoHhhs

2 .<dij – fldia wdos M, rih m,a fldg ;kd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

3 uOzjdij – isos rih m,a fldg ;kd .kq ,nk uoHhhs

4 iuzNdr ixhqla;dij – wrM fk,a,s wdos fkdfhla |@jH rih usY@ fldg m,afldg ;kd.kq ,nk uoHhhs

fuys iZoyka l< fojrA.hg wh;a uoHhla hfula mdkh flfrA kuz Tyqg iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs iqrd mdk wlY,h wx. I;rla iuzmQrAK jSfuka is|=fjhs tkuz

1 iqrdjla jSu

2 fndkq leu;s is; t<U isgSu

3 nSug .kakd W;aiyh

4 nS l,ays .,ns,fhka hgg msjsiSu hkq ta wx. I;rhs

fuz wx. i;r iuzmQrAK jSfuka iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h is|=fjhs fuz iqrdmdk wlY, lu!h uydidjoHu fjhs fiiq ishZM jeros iZoys th ukd wkqn,hla jk fyhsks tksidu iqrdmdk wlY,h wys;lr mCIfhka fm<UjSfuz kHdhhla yegshg l@shd;aul fjhs by; iZoyka l<djQ fiiq jeros I;r lsrSu iZoydu tuZ.ska wys;lr fm<UjSula we;s lrjk nejsks ld,du iQ;@fhys fulS iqrdmdk YsCIdmoh fjkqjg iZoyka jkqfha by; iZoyka jeros i;r iZoyd hfula ;j flfklj fm<UjSu hk lreKhs tnejska jHxckdrA: jYfhka iqrdmdkh oelajQfha iqrdmdkh by; oelajqkq jeros I;frys flfkl ksu.ak lrjSug fydZou udkisl fm<UjSu we;slrk fya;j jYfhka i<ldf.k jsh hq;h mrudrA: jYfhka .;al< miafjks YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;a jkafka mxpYS, m@;smodfjys fkdl< hq; hehs iZoyka jk fiiq jeros I;r flfkl w;ska is|=jSu iZoyd ldhsl yd udkisl fm<UjSu we;s lrjkakdjQ fohska je<lSu hk ldrKhhs

iqrd mdkh l< ;eke;a;d fuf,djoSu fkdfhl;a f,v frda.j,g f.d|=re fjhs jia; jskdYhg m;afjhs fld,dy, wmlSrA;shg js,snsh myjSug yd kqjK |=n, jSug fya;fjhs urkska u; krlfhys bmso wfkal jI! Fldags iyi@fhys meiS thska usoS usksia mshla ,;a l,ayso Wu;jQfjla fjhs .K ySkfhla fjhs .k ySkfhlau fjhs ,ecAcd rys;fhla fjhs os,skafola fjhs yeu l,aysu Z{d;s jHikdos wkka; |=lg m;afjhs jsrEm foayfhka hqla; fjhs u;amefkys .scqjQ iFjhd mkaish cd;shl Wu;j WmoS hhs fmd;am;ayss iZoykajS ;sfnz

mxpYS, m@;smodj .eUqrska jsurAYkh l<fyd;a tys iZoykajkakjQ tl tl YsCIdmohla mdid uQ<sl jsruKh yd tlS jsruKhg WmldrSjk wfkl;a Ou! hk ia:r follska iZoykaj we;snj fmfkkq we; tkuz

1 jsruKh – fuu lreK ms<snZoj idlpzPd l<fyd;a uska woyia lrkafka uQ<sl idrOu! my ms<snZoj huzlsis t<Uqula we;s lr .ekSuhs jsfYaI jYfhka nq|=iufhys ia:srj iiqka uZ.g ms<smka ;eke;af;l jsiska fkdlv fldg wdrCIdlrkakdjQ mshjs iajNdjfhkau Tyq w;ska is|= fkdjkakdjQ jeros mila f,i fuu mxpYS, m@;smodfjys jsia;r flfrkakdjQ lreKq my olajd ;sfnz1

2 tys wkHhka iudoka lrjSu – fuu fldgi jkdyS YsCIdmofhys fojk wjia:djhs uQ<sl jYfhka m@:u wjia:dfjysoS ;u ;ud ;ksj m@;sudk iqrCIs; l<o fuu wjia:dfjysoS tu jev ms,sfj<g iudcfhys fiiq idudcslhskao iuznJO lr.kakd wjia:dj ksrEmkh fjhs uq,a wjia:dfjys l@usl jsldYhla fuz uZ.ska ksrEms;h tfukau m@;sudkhkaf.a iudcuh Ndjs;dj uQrA;su;a lrjkakjQ iajNdjh f,igo wrA:l:kh l<yelsh

mx[YS, m@;smodj ;j;a wdldrhlska jsYaf,aIKh lroelajsh yelsh tkuz ta tl tl YsCIdmohla mdid tu YsCImofhys mqoa.,uh yd iudcuh Ndjs;dj f.k yer oelajSu uZ.sks

1 w' ks' 11"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 124 msgqj' l;udp .ym;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;udp .ym;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;udp .ym;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld ;udp .ym;s iS, iuzmod$ bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod fyd;s iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod

fuu wrA: oelajSug wkqj mqoa.,sl yd iudcuh m@;sudkhka f,i mxpYS, m@;smodfjys tla tla YsCIdmohla mdid ia:r ;kla hgf;a js.@yhg nZ|=ka flfrA tkuz

1 mrmK fkdkeiSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs

1 csjsf;aF|@sh jskdY fkdlsrSu

2 csjsf;aJ|@sh jskdY jSu iZoyd ;sfnkakdjQ bvm@ia;d ke;slsrsu yd wju lsrSu

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lrekd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu!

ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,am jO!kh lsrSu;,ska mrmK keiSfuka je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajdosh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4 mokuzlrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1 mokuzlrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd Y@jKhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz lrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs ksYaps;jQ mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)5 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg mrmK keiSfuka

1 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 2 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 3 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz

tfukau mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks

2 wkai; foa fkd.ekSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs

1 wkHhkaf.a foam< whs;sh ;uka W|=qrd fkd.ekSu

2 wkHhkaf.a foam< whs;sh ms<s.ekSu yd tys iqrCIs; Ndjh msKsi lghq;lsrSu

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jevSu ;,ska wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajd fokq ,efnz'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1 mokuzlr f.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)2 mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)6 mdollrf.k tu wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz

1 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 6 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wkai; foa .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka

Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

3 ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs'

1 ldu fiajkh iZoyd wh:d ls@hdud.! Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSu'

2 ksrAndOs; mjq,a cSjs;hla .;lsrsfuz bv m@ia;dj wkHhka jsIfhys iqrCIs; lsrSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu uZ.ska us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSug yelshdj ,efnknj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj fmkajd osh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4 mokuzlrf.k tu wikq,nkfoh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs'we;euzjsg us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejk wdldrh b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rj mQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)5

1 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rud iufKda fkda .rud iufKda fkda .rud iufKda fkda .rE;sE;sE;sE;s 5 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

tu us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka

Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u us:Hd ldu fiajkfhka |=rejSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

4 wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia:r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs'

1 wi;H joka Ndjs;fhka je<lSu'

2 i;H oek.ekSfuz wkqkaf.a whs;dhg .re lsrSu yd wF:!j;a ikaksfjzok l@shdj,shl ksr; jSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys izjz nU jsyrKhkays wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,am Ndjs;dlsrSu uZ.ska wi;H jpkfhka

je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h fmkajdosh yelsh'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)1 mokuzlrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)2 mokuzlr f.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh';drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)3 mokuz lrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduh lgu wkq.;j tu Y@jKh is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)4 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)5 mdollrf.k tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

1 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 3 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 4 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 5 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wi;H jpkfhka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

5 wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros i;frys yd whym;a fofhys fm<UjSfuka je<lSSu – fuu m@;sudkh ;j;a ia;r ;kla hgf;a jsYaf,aIKhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nhs'

1 ;udg yd iudchg ydkslr oeh wkHhka ,jd lrjSug n,mEuz lsrSfuka je<lSu'

2 ;udg yd iudchg ys;lr oeh wkHhka ,jd lrjSu iZoyd Okd;aul W;af;ackhka iemhSu'

3 wkqka jsIfhys isjz nU jsyrKhka wF:! oelafjk ffu;@S lreKd uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu'

by; olajk ,o lreKq uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkafka ld,du iQ;@fhka js.@y flfrkafka fn#oaO mxpYS, m@;smodfjys moku njhs' idudkHfhka mxpYS, m@;smodj iudc m@;sudkhla jYfhka wdrCIdlr .;hq; fohlanejz wjOdrKh lr ;snqK;a ta luk lreKla ksidoehs ld,du iQ;@fha fuka js.@yhg nZ|=kalr ke;' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@ylr we;s .eUqre ufkda jsoHd;aul moku foi ne,Q l< jegyS hkqfha iuzmQrAK mxpYS, m@;smodju f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a I;r n@yau jsyrK mdol lrf.k njhs'

fyj;a tla tla mqoa.,hdg ;ud flfrys;a iuia; iudch flfrys;a we;s jkakdjQ us;@YS,s wdl,amh ohdjka;Ndjh wkHiemf;ys i;gg m;ajSu yd uOHia:;djh hk ufkdajsoHdkQl~, ia:r i;rla Tiafia mxp YS, m@;smodj kuska yeZoskafjk m@;sudk moaO;sh f.dvkeZ.S we;s njhs' fuu ufkdajsoHdkQl~, jsjrKh me;slv folla Tiafia ;u pska;k osYdk;sh fufyhjk nj

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

fmfka' tkuz mqoa., me;slv yd iudc me;slv hk fowxYhhs flfklf.a idrA:lFjh rZod mj;skafka fuu foxYfhysu idrA:lFjh u;nj ld,du iQ;@fhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz

l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka

1 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`

Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj! ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyels nj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ Y@jKhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOs l@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lS l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq ,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkd yel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh

1 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfu l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u fm<UjSuz kHdh whym;a wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg .ekSfuka je<lSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

jsfYaIfhkau mqoa., fm#reI jO!k l@shdj,sh flfrys fukau mqoa.,hd iudch flfrys .kqfokq lrkq wdldrh flfryso ld,du iQ;@h wjOdrkh fhduqlr ;sfnkq oelsh yelsh' tu ksid idrA:l idrOu! l@shdj,shla nsysjSu Wfoid mqoa., yd iudc hk fowxYfhkau tlfiau iyfhda.hla wjYH nj;a ta msKsi iudch ukdj mqoa.,hdg neZoS mej;sh hq; nj;a ta neZoSu wF:!j;a jkafka iudc m@;sudk moaO;sh fkdlvfldg iqrCIs; lsrSu mqoa.,hd w;ska bgqjkafka kuz muKla nj;a ld,du iQ;@.; b.ekajSuz ;,ska fy,s fjz'

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd