Budgeting for Gender Equality: Experience in Indonesia

byErny MurniasihDG Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance, Indonesia

Bangkok, 13 June 2012

Outline

• Gender issues in Indonesia• Gender Participation : – regulatory framework– participation approach

• Gender Participation in Budgeting• Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Program

(Pilot Project in Ministry of Finance)• Challenge and the way forward

Gender Issues in Indonesia Related with provision on human basic needs on job opportunity, education

and health Labor Force : gender inequality is sufficiently high with some improvement

over the years

Sex 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Male 86.0 84.9 84.2 83.7 83.5

Female 49.2 48.4 48.1 50.2 51.1

Total 67.6 66.8 66.2 67.0 67.2

Percentage of Labor Force, 2004-2008

Sector2006 2007 2008

M F M F M F

Formal 32.92 25.80 33.15 25.80 34.08 26.46

Informal 67.08 74.20 66.85 74.20 65.92 73.54

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Formal and Informal Sector, 2006-2008

• Female participation in labor force is still low

• Female participation is mostly at informal sector

Gender Issues in Indonesia Education : the percentage of participation in schooling years both for male

and female has increased over the years, especially very high at the elementary level

Gender Issues in Indonesia Health :

• Some regions still face high infant mortality rate due to lack of immunizations for babies and the awareness from local people towards the importance of immunizations. However, the trend shows a reduction in mortality rate

• Mother’s mortality rate tends to decline (228 per 100.000 birth in 2007) but leaves more homework to achieve the MDGs target in 2015

Gender Participationcommitment from the national leadership via regulatory framework

Law/Regulation Relevance with gender participationPresidential Instruction 9/2000 Gender Mainstreaming in planning and

development for national and sub-national governments

Law 17/2003 on National Public Finance Performance-based in budgeting

Law 32/2004 on Regional Governance Woman empowerment is one of obligatory functions for sub-national governments

Government Regulation 38/2007 on Division of Functions between national and sub-national govts

Woman empowerment is one of obligatory functions for sub-national governments

Presidential Regulation 5/2010 on Mid-term National Development Planning (RPJMN 2010-2014)

Gender Mainstreaming as one of the policy instruments in development policy

Ministry of Finance Decree on Guidance for Annual Working Plan and Budget since 2009 (the latest : #93/2011)

Implementation of gender mainstreaming via gender based budgeting

Gender ParticipationParticipation approach – over the time

Social Welfare (1950-1970)

To increase women and the family through provision of gender practical needs (domestic role), e.g. Birth control and nutrition program

Equal Rights (1975-1985)

To increase woman’s participation in development (Woman in Development) through provision of gender strategic needs (domestic, productive, and social role). In 1978, a Young Minister for the Role of Woman was established at the cabinet

Anti Poverty and woman empowerment (1970s – 1990s)

To increase woman’s productivity and reduce poverty in woman. Eg. The family welfare movement (PKK)

Gender Mainstreaming (2000s – now)

A sustainable and equal development for man and woman in policy planning and implementation. Eg. Gender Responsive Budget, National Program on Citizen’s Empowerment (PNPM)

Gender Participation in BudgetingGender Mainstreaming Program

• Presidential Instruction 9/2000 outlines that Gender Mainstreaming Program is a strategy to achieve gender equality and equity through the policy and program which consider experience, aspiration, needs, and problems of woman and man in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation process of development

• Gender Mainstreaming Program is implemented on 3 main development issues :

1. To increase the quality of life and improve woman’s role in development, especially in health, education, economy, and access on resources and politics

2. To reduce violence on woman and children3. to enhance Gender Mainstreaming Program capacity and empowerment for

woman• Gender Mainstreaming Program has been implemented in 7 line ministeries as

pilot projects since 2009, including Ministry of Finance

Framework for Gender Mainstreaming Program

Gender Mainstreaming Program

Consultative and Training

Technical Assistance to increase skills

Capacity Building

• Gender issues

• poverty• leadership• group

dynamics

• Management• Accounting• Cooperation

• Government• Academicians• Labor union• Civil Society

• Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) is not designed as a separate budget allocation for man and woman

• GRB does not mean a-fifty-fifty percent budget allocation for man and woman

• In the budgeting system, gender mainstreaming program is included in the output of activities

• Gender Budget Statement (GBS) is used as a tool to analyse gender issues into the budget allocation

Gender Responsive BudgetPrinciples

Scheme of Gender Budgeting in the Planning ProcessNational Level

National BudgetGender

Responsive Planning

Long-term, mid-term, annual development

planning

Annual Working Plan and Budget

Gender Responsive Budgeting

Policy/Program/Activity/Output

Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Program Pilot Project in the Ministry of Finance

• Amandement of Law on Taxation which considers gender equality aspects

• Guidance on Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Ministry of Finance Decree on Annual Working Plan and Budget Review

• Topic on gender mainstreaming program in leadership training for Ministry of Finance officials

• Allowance for woman who is having maternity leave

• Training on gender mainstreaming program to vertical offices

• Facilities to MoF’s officials :

– Nursery room facility

– Smoking room facility

– Childcare facility

– Equal treatment on training and scholarship

Challenges and the way forward

Challenges :- Culture, tradition, and

stereotypes for man and woman are still strong in some regions

- Lack of capacity

The Way Forward An effective Gender Mainstreaming

Program requires :1. Commitment2. Policy3. Institutional Arrangement4. Resources5. Data and Information

System6. Instruments or tools7. Participation

Terima kasih